1.

Each amino acid in a protein is specified by

A. several genes. 10. What cellular organelles would you expect to be absent from
B. a promoter. fungi?
C. an mRNA molecule. A. Mitochondria.
D. a codon. B. Lysosomes.
C. Ribosomes.
2. Organisms that obtain their energy from light can be termed: D. Golgi bodies.
A. autotrophic. E. Chloroplasts.
B. holotrophic.
C. chemotrophic. 11. Which of the following represents the action of insulin?
D. heterotrophic. A. increases blood glucose levels by the hydrolysis of glycogen
E. heliotrophic. B. increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glucagon
production
3. What causes cancer in cells? C. decreases blood glucose levels by forming glycogen
A. damage to genes D. increases blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake
B. chemical damage to cell membranes of glucose
C. UV damage to transport proteins
D. All cause cancers in cells. 12. Intracellular organelles that participate in metabolic oxidation
involving hydrogen peroxide are called:
4. Fermentation A. centrioles.
A. produces pyruvic acid as end product. B. endoplasmic granules.
B. yields less energy per mole of glucose than aerobic C. peroxisomes.
respiration. D. lysosomes.
C. occurs only in the presence of oxygen. E. macro bodies.
D. prevents glycolysis from occurring.
E. converts ethanol to glucose. 13. An extra finger in humans is rare but is due to a dominant
gene. When one parent is normal and the other parent has an
5. In drosophila (fruit flies), eye color is sex-linked and red eye extra finger but is heterozygous for the trait, what is the
color is dominant to white eye color. Which of the following are probability that the first child will be normal?
not possible in a cross between a red-eyed male and a A. 0%.
heterozygous female? B. 25%.
A. Red-eyed male. C. 50%.
B. White-eyed male. D. 75%.
C. Carrier female.
D. Homozygous white-eyed female. 14. Starch, cellulose and glycogen are all
A. proteins.
6. In respiration, oxygen B. linked internally by hydrogen bonds.
A. combines with lactic acid to form pyruvic acid. C. water soluble.
B. acts as a cofactor for glycolytic enzymes. D. polymers of glucose.
C. yields energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the E. nucleic acids.
respiratory chain.
D. acts as an acceptor for electrons (and protons), forming 15. At some stage of development, all chordates have
water. A. a pharynx, a vertebral column, and a notochord.
E. combines directly with carbon, forming carbon dioxide. B. pharyngeal pouches, a notochord, and a dorsal tubular nerve
cord.
7. Carbon is an integral part of an ecosystem. It is cycled C. pharyngeal pouches, a notochord, and a ventral nerve cord.
throughout the ecosystem as it is used and then reused. It is D. pharyngeal pouches, vertebral column, and a dorsal tubular
necessary for all life to exist. Carbon is used by plants in the nerve cord.
process of: E. a pharynx and an ectodermally derived, solid nerve cord.
A. respiration
B. photosynthesis 16. Petroleum products, which contain carbon, are burned, and
C. transpiration the carbon escapes into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. But
D. decomposition how does it get into the petroleum in the first place?
A. refineries
8. An enzyme is added to an aqueous solution of ATP, DNA, B. plant respiration
albumen, fat and glycogen; the reaction mixture is incubated for C. decomposing plankton
10 minutes. If an analysis of the mixture reveals the presence of D. photosynthesis in plants
all the above compounds plus glucose, it can be concluded that
the enzyme hydrolyzed some of the: 17. In anaerobic glycolysis in muscle cells one mole of glucose
A. albumen. is oxidized to:
B. fat. A. six moles of carbon dioxide.
C. glycogen. B. two moles of acetic acid.
D. ATP. C. two moles of lactic acid.
E. DNA. D. two moles of acetyl CoA.
E. two moles of carbon dioxide and six moles of water.
9. The step of mitosis in which chromosomes line up along the
equatorial plane of the cell is called: 18. An ecosystem thrives with biotic and abiotic component
A. Prophase. parts. An example of an abiotic part of an ecosystem is:
B. Metaphase. A. micro-bacteria
C. Anaphase. B. fungus
D. Telophase. C. minerals

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 D. decaying plants E. Chloroplast

19. A segment of DNA with the sequence GGCATTAGG would 28. Eggs and sperm are genetically very similar, but structurally very
be transcribed into a messenger RNA segment with the different. Why is this so?
sequence: A. Both contain a haploid chromosome number, but eggs must
A. CCGUAAUCC. provide nutrients for early development, while sperm must be able to
B. AATGCCGTT. move efficiently.
C. CCGTAATCC. B. Both contain a diploid chromosome number, but eggs must
D. AAUGCCGUU. provide nutrients for early development, while sperm must be able to
E. CCGTUUTGG. move efficiently.
C. Both contain maternal chromosomes, but only sperm can control
20. Down syndrome in humans is due to: which chromosomes are passed on.
A. three copies of chromosome 21. D. Both contain a haploid chromosome number, but only eggs can
B. monosomy. control which chromosomes are passed on.
C. two Y chromosomes.
D. three X chromosomes. 29. For a given diameter of an axon, one factor which increases the
velocity of a nerve impulse is:
21. The movement of water-soluble molecules through cell A. the length of the axon.
membranes, from higher to lower concentrations, by attachment B. the ploidy of the nucleus.
to a carrier protein, describes: C. the density of mitochondria along the axon.
A. diffusions. D. maximal stimulation of the neuron.
B. osmosis. E. the presence of a myelin sheath.
C. pinocytosis.
D. active transport. 30. How is a biochemical pathway regulated?
E. facilitated diffusion. A. The product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next.
B. The end product replaces the initial substrate in the pathway.
22. Organisms that have the characteristics of radial symmetry, C. The end product inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway by
water vascular system, a spiny skin, and are found exclusively binding to an allosteric site.
in a marine habitat would be in which pylum? D. All of these are correct.
A. Annelida
B. Chordata 31. Which of the following chiefly stimulates action of the respiratory
C. Cnidaria center?
D. Porifera A. Carbon dioxide in the blood.
E. Echinodermata B. Relaxin.
C. Lack of oxygen in the blood.
23. Over time, the same bones in different vertebrates were put D. Inflation of the alveolus.
to different uses. This falls under the category of: E. Vagus nerve.
A. missing links.
B. vestigial structures. 32. Replicate copies of each chromosome are called _____________
C. analogous structures. and are joined at the _________________
D. homologous structures. A. homologues/centromere
B. sister chromatids/kinetochore
24. As far as their products are concerned, all biosynthetic C. sister chromatids/centromere
reactions in living cells result in: D. homologues/kinetochore
A. a more ordered state, therefore a decrease in entropy.
B. a more ordered state, therefore an increase in entropy. 33. The term motor unit refers to
C. energy released in the form of ATP. A. an entire muscle.
D. energy made available for motion. B. a single muscle fiber.
E. a more ordered state with no entropy change. C. all the muscle fibers innervated by one nerve fiber.
D. all the motor nerves in one muscle.
25. To determine an organism's niche, all of the following must E. all the sliding filaments of actin and myosin in one muscle fiber.
be determined, EXCEPT:
A. how it is classified 34. During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
B. what it eats A. prophase I
C. where it lives B. anaphase I
D. what relationships it has with other organism C. prophase II
D. telophase II
26. Another very important cycle is the Water Cycle. All living things 35. An example of convergent evolution is
need water to live. This cycle has four main processes. The two A. Australian marsupials and placental mammals.
processes that return water to the earth are: B. the flippers in fish, penguins, and dolphins.
A. evaporation and condensation C. the wings in birds, bats, and insects.
B. condensation and precipitation D. all of these.
C. transpiration and condensation
D. evaporation and transpiration 36. The human heart beat is initiated within the
A. sinus venosus.
27. Which of the following is the smallest organelle in the cell? B. Hensen's node.
A. Golgi body C. conus arteriosus.
B. Nucleus D. atrio-ventricular node.
C. Mitochondrion E. sino-atrial node.
D. Ribosome

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37. Food chains and food webs are models in science which visually C. Co-dominance.
show us the different relationships within an ecosystem. The primary D. Incomplete dominance.
difference between the food chain and the food web is:
A. a food chain shows how energy is stored 46. Assuming no linkage, how many different kinds of gametes can
B. a food web shows how energy is used be produced by an organism with the genotype AaBbcc?
C. a food web is a complex system of food chains A. 32
D. a food chain is a combination of different food webs B. 16
C. 8
38. The testicles of male mammals are suspended in the scrotum D. 6
because: E. 4
A. the optimum temperature for sperm production is less than the
normal core body temperature of the organism. 47. Which blood type would not be possible for children of a type AB
B. the optimum temperature for sperm production is higher than the mother and a type A father?
normal core body temperature of the organism. A. O.
C. there is not enough room in the pelvic area for the testicles to be B. A.
housed internally. C. B.
D. it is easier for the body to expel sperm during ejaculation. D. AB.

39. In the nephron of the kidney, filtration occurs between 48. Under the five-kingdom classification, members of the kingdom
A. Bowman's capsule and Henle's loop. Monera are generally separated from the members of all the other
B. the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. kingdoms by having
C. the proximal tubule and Henle's loop. A. heterotrophic nutrition versus autotrophic nutrition.
D. Henle's loop and the vasa recta. B. unicellular organization versus multicellular organization.
E. the peritubular network and the convoluted tubules. C. microscopic size versus macroscopic size.
D. prokaryotic cells versus eukaryotic cells.
40. The cytoplasm of an animal cell is divided by means of: E. parasite-host relationship versus predator-prey relationship.
A. A cleavage furrow.
B. A cell plate. 49. The process in which water, in the water cycle, goes through a
C. A cell membrane formed within the cytoplasm. phase change, from a gas to a liquid, is called.
D. Mitosis. A. evaporation
B. transpiration
41. Sexual and asexual reproduction usually differ in C. condensation
A. the ability of the new offspring to reproduce. D. precipitation
B. the rate at which mutations occur.
C. the amount of genotypic variation between parent and offspring. 50. Of the following, which group of invertebrates is apparently most
D. the viability of offspring. closely related to primitive vertebrates?
E. whether or not natural selection can occur. A. Annelida
B. Mollusca
42. The clean-up crew are the decomposers. Decomposers and C. Cnidaria
scavengers get rid of the garbage and waste in an ecosystem. D. Arthropoda
Decomposers differ from scavengers because they E. Echinodermata
A. only eat dead organisms
B. do not eat dead organisms
C. break down larger organisms
D. only feed on dead plants and animals

43. If we could monitor the amount of total gonadotropin activity in

pregnant women, we would expect
A. high levels of FSH and LH in the uterus to stimulate endometrial
thickening.
B. high levels of circulating FSH and LH to stimulate implantation of
the embryo.
C. high levels of hCG in the uterus to stimulate endometrial
thickening.
D. high levels of circulating hCG to stimulate estrogen and
progesterone synthesis.

44. In watermelons, the unlinked genes for green color (G) and for
short length (S) are dominant over alleles for striped color (g) and
long length (s). Predict the phenotypes and their ratios for the cross
Ggss x ggSs.
A. All green short.
B. 1:2:1 green short: stripped long: striped short.
C. All striped long.
D. 1:1:1:1 green short: striped short: green long: striped long.
E. 1:1 green short: striped long

45. Long radishes crossed with round radishes result in all oval
radishes. This type of inheritance is:
A. Multiple alleles.
B. Complete dominance.