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Name: Shane L. Astronomo Year Level and Section: BSED Science 3A
Course: Technology for Teaching and Learning I Professor: Cuesta, Jaina A.
TECHNOLOGY
According to Arthur, (2009) the word "technology" originates from the Greek word
"techne,"which mean art, skill, or craft, and "logos," mean word, speech, or account.
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to practical goals or the manipulation of
the human environment. It encompasses a wide range of tools, techniques, and systems
that are designed to solve problems, improve efficiency, and enhance quality of life. From
ancient inventions like the wheel and the printing press to modern innovations such as the
internet and artificial intelligence, technology has continuously reshaped human civilization.
INFORMATION AND EDUCATION
Technology can be understood in several areas, one of the examples of these are,
The impact on communication, the development of technologies like the telegraph,
telephone, and the internet has revolutionized how people interact , the social media
platforms, like instant messaging, and video conferencing have made global communication
nearly instantaneous and accessible for all. In addition Economic Transformation,
technology is a primary source of economic growth. Automation, robotics, and advanced
manufacturing processes have increased productivity and created new industries, Castells
(2010).
The digital economy, in particular, has led to the rise of tech companies that
dominate global markets. The Advancements in Healthcare, from diagnostic tools like MRI
and CT scans to surgical robots and genetic engineering, technology has dramatically
improved medical care. It allows for more precise diagnoses, less importunate treatments,
and personalized medicine, leading to better and stronger in the medical foundation.
Information and communication involve the process of sharing knowledge and ideas, with
communication being the human interaction and information being the substance shared.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
According to Molenda (2008).Educational technology applies this sharing process
within a learning context, using tools to enhance teaching and learning, such as online
platforms or interactive whiteboards. Technology media learning specifically refers to how
various digital media like videos,
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simulations, and podcasts are used as vehicles for instruction to make learning more
engaging.
TECHNOLOGY MEDIA LEARNING
Technology media learning is the specific process of using various digital media,
such as videos, simulations, podcasts, and interactive presentations, as the primary vehicle
for delivering educational content. It focuses on how the design of the media itself influences
and enhances the learning experience. This is different from instructional technology, which
is the broader strategy of integrating technology into education; technology media learning is
concerned with the content delivery method. Essentially, it's about making learning more
engaging and effective by leveraging the unique capabilities of different types of media to
present information in dynamic ways, Mayer (2009).
INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM
The instructional system is the structured, systematic approach to designing and
delivering education, ensuring all components work together effectively and more inclusive.
Within this system, instructional technology is the theory and practice of using these tools
and media to facilitate learning, focusing on the process rather than just the device. Finally,
technology tools are the practical, solid devices or software, like a tablet, an app, or a smart
board, that enable all these processes to happen, Reiser & Dempsey (2012).
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Instructional technology is the theory and practice of designing, developing, utilizing,
managing, and evaluating the process and resources for learning. It's more than just using a
tool; it's a systematic approach to teaching and learning, focusing on how technology can be
purposefully integrated to enhance the educational experience. For example, an instructional
technologist doesn't just put a lesson plan on a website (the tool), they design the entire
learning environment from the structure of the course and the sequence of activities to the
types of media used, to ensure effective and engaging instruction, Seels & Richey
(1994).The field is essentially about using all available resources and knowledge to improve
how people learn.
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TECHNOLOGY TOOLS
According to Clark & Lyons, (2011). Technology tools are the specific hardware and
software used to enable and facilitate learning. They are the concrete and incorporeal
resources that are applied in the educational process. A technology tool is simply the means
to an end, whether it's an interactive whiteboard, or a laptop, nor a specific software
application, or a virtual reality headset. These tools are the practical, hands-on components
that allow learners to engage with content, create projects, and interact with others. They are
a part of instructional technology, but they are not the entire system; rather, they are the
individual pieces that an instructor uses to implement a broader instructional strategy.
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REFERENCES
Arthur, W. B. (2009). The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It Evolves. Free Press.
This book provides a foundational theory on how technology is formed and changes over
time. https://techratchet.com/2020/01/10/book-review-the-nature-of-technology-by-w-brian-
arthur/
Castells, M. (2010). The Rise of the Network Society. Wiley-Blackwell. This is a seminal
work on the social and economic impact of information technology and the rise of the
network society. https://www.cedtech.net/download/the-rise-of-the-network-society-the-
information-age-economy-society-and-culture-6177.pdf
Dorf, R. C. (2001). The Technology of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press. This
resource provides an overview of various technological fields and their societal
implications.https://academic.oup.com/book/5017/chapter-
abstract/147510388?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Seels, B., & Richey, R. C. (1994). Instructional Technology: The Definition and Domains of
the Field. Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT). This source
provides a foundational definition for instructional and its related domains.
https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1062503
Molenda, M., & Sullivan, B. (2003). Educational Technology. In L. J. Saha (Ed.),
International Encyclopedia of the Sociology of Education. Pergamon. This encyclopedia
entry offers a sociological perspective on educational technology, emphasizing its role in
human interaction and learning.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220374917_A_Systems_Definition_of_Educational
_Technology_in_Society
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Reiser, R. A., & Dempsey, J. V. (2012). Trends and issues in instructional design and
technology (3rd ed.). Pearson. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the field
and its evolution.https://www.readingmatrix.com/files/14-oc4yx7dn.pdf
Seels, B. B., & Richey, R. C. (1994). Instructional Technology: The Definition and Domains
of the Field. Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT). This is a
foundational document that defines the scope and purpose of instructional technology.
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/five-domains-of-educational-technology/69407184
Molenda, M. (2008). The AECT definition of educational technology. In J. M. Spector, M. D.
Merrill, J. van Merriënboer, & M. P. Driscoll (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational
Communications and Technology (3rd ed., pp. 583-596). Routledge. This publication
provides an updated look at the AECT's definition, placing it in a modern context.
https://www.cedtech.net/download/handbook-of-research-on-educational-communications-
and-technology-5962.pdf
Seels, B., & Richey, R. C. (1994). Instructional Technology: The Definition and Domains of
the Field. Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT). This
foundational text defines technology tools as a component of the larger field of instructional
technology.https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED366330.pdf
Bates, A. W. (2019). Teaching in a Digital Age: Guidelines for designing teaching and
learning. Tony Bates Associates Ltd. This book provides practical examples and guidelines
for using various technology tools effectively in
education.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316901951_Designing_Teaching_and_L
earning_for_a_Digital_Age
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Ertmer, P. A. (1999). Addressing a common barrier to technology integration: Developing
teachers’ beliefs and knowledge. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 21(1), 1-24.
This article discusses the role of technology tools and the challenges teachers face in
integrating them into the classroom.https://citejournal.org/volume-19/issue-4-19/social-
studies/barriers-to-the-effective-use-of-technology-
Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia Learning (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. This book
is a foundational text in the field, outlining principles for designing effective multimedia
lessons.https://ctl.risepoint.com/principles-of-multimedia-
learning/#:~:text=Richard%20Mayer's
Clark, R. C., & Lyons, C. (2011). Graphics for Learning: Proven Guidelines for Planning,
Designing, and Evaluating Visuals in Training Materials (2nd ed.). Pfeiffer. This work
provides practical, evidence-based guidelines for using visual media to improve learning
outcomes.https://www.wiley.com/enus/Graphics+for+Learning%3A+Proven+Guidelines+for+
Planning%2C+Designing%2C+and+Evaluating+Visuals+in+Training+Materials%2C+2nd+Ed
ition-p-9780470547441
