Uts reviewer

Sociology-The scientific study of human society that focuses on society

Socialization-A lifelong process where individuals inherit and share norms,
customs, and ideologies
Charles Horton Cooley- Developed the concept looking-glass self(1992)
emphasizes self-
Identity
George Herbert Mead-Self-awareness evolves through social experiences.
Theories of self-development-When we are born, we have a hereditary and
genetic traits.
Sigmund Freud-An Austrian who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis.
Psychology- scientific study of the mind and behavior.
Émile Durkheim-was one of the first people to really highlight the
difference between these two fields.
Erik Erikson (1902-1994)- Psychologist who believed personality continues to
change
over time.
Jean Piaget (1896–1980) – Specialized in child development and saw self-growth
as a
negotiation between personal experiences
Charles Cooley (1864–1929)-the idea that our self- understanding is shaped by
how we think others see us.
George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) – Expanded on this, explaining that the self
develops through social interaction.
Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987) - Examined moral development, exploring how
people learn to
judge right and wrong.
GILLIGAN'S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT AND GENDER-Developed by
Carol Gilligan (1936).
-According to her, Kohlberg's theory might show gender
bias since his research was only conducted on male
subjects.
Self and Identity in Sociology Self-The symbolic interactionist perspective sees
the self as
developing from the mind (Mead, 1934).
Self-categorization – people compare themselves to others,
Identification – people see themselves as occupying specific roles(e.g., student vs.
teacher, son/daughter vs. parent).
Group Socialization-is the theory that an individuals peer groups
Gender Socialization- refers to the learning of behavior and attitudes considered
appropriate for a
given sex.
Cultural Socialization-refers to parenting practices that teach children about their
racial
history or heritage and, sometimes, is referred to as pride development.
Sigmund Freud- Attempts to bring those drives into awareness meet psychological
resistance in the form of defense mechanisms. (unconscious mind source of
anxiety)
Which of the following best describes socialization?
✅ C. A lifelong process of inheriting norms, customs, and ideologies
According to Charles Horton Cooley, the "looking-glass self" refers to:
✅ C. The belief that self-image is shaped by how others perceive us
Which of the following is NOT part of Freud’s model of the human psyche?
✅ C. Schema
According to Freud, which body part is the focus during the oral stage of
development (0–1 year old)?
✅ C. Tongue/Mouth
Who developed the theory of cognitive development with stages like
sensorimotor and formal operational?
✅ C. Jean Piaget
What does sociology mainly study?
✅ B. Society, social behavior, and social change
Psychology is concerned with:
✅ C. The scientific study of the mind and behavior
The Greek word psyche means:
✅ B. Soul or mind
Who proposed the concept of the “looking-glass self”?
✅ C. Charles Cooley
Jean Piaget is best known for his work in:
✅ C. Child development
According to Carol Gilligan, boys’ morality is usually based on:
✅ B. Justice
Which perspective explains that the self develops through social
interaction?
✅ B. Symbolic interactionism
What is the key feature of selfhood, according to Mead?
✅ C. Reflexivity
Role identity theory mainly focuses on:
✅ B. Role identities
In self-categorization, people group others as:
✅ B. In-group and out-group
What is Anthropology-Anthropology is the field of social
sciences that focus on the study of man.
The Self in Contemporary Anthropology-In anthropology the self-came to be
understood as a process that orchestrates an individual's personal experience
Archeology-Studies past human life through artifacts, tools, buildings
Linguistic Anthropology-Studies how language affects social life,
Physical Anthropology-Studies humans as physical and biological beings.
Cultural anthropology- specialize in the study of culture and peoples’ beliefs
SELF- is one own experience The self is an individual person as the object of its own
reflective consciousness
Individual self-This is the individual who is aware of his rights and the limitations
of his freedom
Collective Self-In the culture of the East, the development of a collective self is
ingrained into the individual is lost
The Self in Western Thought- The person/self in Descartes view exists regardless
of his environment.
Socrates-a Greek father of philosophy from Athen’s founder of Western philosophy
and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.
Plato-an influential ancient Greek philosopher, a student of Socrates and teacher of
Aristotle, and a key figure in the development of Western philosophy.
St Augustine-a pivotal figure in both philosophy and theology, is renowned for his
synthesis of Christian doctrine with Platonic and Neoplatonic thought.
St. Aquinas-He is renowned for his synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy with
Christian theology, particularly in his masterpiece, the Summa Theologica
Rene Descartes French-, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence
of modern philosophy and science. Mathematics was paramount to his method of
inquiry
David Hume- all human knowledge derives solely from experience
Immanuel Kant- Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology,
metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics
Internal world - thoughts, feelings
External world - events, situations or happenings outside of a person’s mind
Gilbert Ryle- Ryle focused on observable behavior as the key to understanding the
self, rather than an internal, non-physical mind.
Merleau Ponty-He argued that the self is not separate from the physical body but
rather an inseparable unity of mind and body.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY- Freud emphasizes that an individual’s behavior and
feelings are influenced by his unconscious motives.
BEHAVIORIST THEORY-behavior can be described and explained not through
mental events or to
internal psychological processes
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY- It was promoted by Albert Bandura, he
believes that learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic interaction of the
person
HUMANIST/EXISTENTIALIST THEORY-dominance of psychoanalysis and
behaviorism in the field of psychology.

Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology)- deals with identity and national

consciousness, social awareness and involvement, national and ethnic cultures, and
the application of indigenous psychology.
Limbik system-controls emotions and those parts that provides rewarding feeling
that comes from taking risks, is developing faster