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Australia Factfiles

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20 views22 pages

Australia Factfiles

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Uploaded by

gutre
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© © All Rights Reserved
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An enormous land ‘Whacking of county is Australis? Firstly Australi is big ‘Canada, che United States, China, and ia. One part of Aust, But thee 2 Tasmania, The Range, ear the exsteen coast iriver ike the Murray Dar Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Australia um 30 60) sim An enorme lend summer. From May to Ostober the north is ofen sunny and dey for weeks, and itis a popular place for winter days in the sun, Winter holidays? On this sie of th are diferent rom the seasons heen counties; December sin the summer, ad Jone Tasmania is cooler and wete than the test of Australi, with high mowneains, thick forests, and some ofthe world’s oldest es. So although it struc that much of Australia is flat and ey it avo hs ils and mountain, rainforest, deep diver valleys and wonderful beaches, In all ofthis enormous county there are onl 20 milion people, Most of thea lve close to the coast in the eas, south-ax and south of the country, where the saramers are ‘warm and the winters nt to cold. There at only 2.6 people to every square kilometre in Anstalia— ove ofthe lowest numbers in che sworn Singapore for example, there ate 6.208 people to every square telometr) ta fact, this means that there ae lege parts ofthe county with very few people at al And $4 per cent of the people in Awsalia lve fom ust | per ent of the land 2 Australia’s past The fist people in Austealia were the Aborigines, who came 1more than 40,00 years ago fom South East Asi. Chinese sailors visited 2.500 years ao, and mach later Dutch sailors «ame Willem Janszoon in 1606, sd Abel Tasman in 1682 ‘The Dutch made maps of the norch and west coasts of Australis ut they didnot ey tive thee, Then in 1770 the Bets siloe Capain James Cook landed oa the eas coos tn said chat Austealia now belonged to Britain. Nobody asked the Aborigines about his and it was the begining of a rerible ime oe cher, Uni the 1780s Britain hal sent convicts go the United States when iad too many of them forts prisons. Alter the Americans won the War of ladependence it 178% the [Beish had to Sind new answer to tis prem ~ and the answer was Australia In May 1787, eve ships sed fom Poctsmouth in England carrying 772 convicts, They reached Port Jackson now Syaey ~on 26 Janney 788 Life was sey fica, andthe convietshadto work ery hard making roads, bulking, and fara In 1803, convits were set 10 Tasmanin ton. few ears ltt, people hepa to come fom Brain because they chose to make a new fe in Auseal, arg they went t0 lie in South Australis, Vieria and Queensland aswell x New South Wales In 185 gold was Found in New South Wales and Visti, “Thousandsof people wentlookingtor gold fst Australians then people from Nordh America, Britany Irland, New Zealand, 0 China In ten yeas the population grew from \ LA Wi 4000 1.200900. Wi he eld came nw rod and ‘On| Jamar 1901 the ix Austalian tates ~New South Wiles, Vista, South Austria, Queensland, Western Asal, and Tasmania ~ became one county. Britain we sill sery important to Australias many people lee Brain for a new life in Australia, but they still alla Britain home Daring the Fire Word War (I9}4-1918) thousands of Australian soldiers went fight fr Britain in Europe, and more than 6,00 of them died. In the Sesond Word W: (1939-1945) Australians fought ia Eueope and Asia, Gest helping Britain an then the United Sates. ‘After 1845 the Australian government realued hat Australia needed more people, and they opened the countey to immigrants, People sll came from Brita, but others came from counties ke aly Grese, Germany, the Nether, Turkey and the Lebanon, Since IAS more than 6.5 million people have moved there, and recently people from countries ike Vietnam atx Cambodi have moved there coo 3 Eight cities and the outback Ineachof Australia's sistas New South Wales, Vitoria, Queensland, South Aastra, Western Australia, and “Tasmania~thereisa lage city which sneae a iver and neat fhe sea. More than half ofall Australians lv in hese si fies ~ and many others lve nee 0 them, In Ect ost people ve only fee hilt tot che sa, Shen New South Wales, the oles ad Biggest cy, with 4.2 millon people, Ie bl around an enormous harbour ~ some say thats the biggest natural harbour in the world risa busy modern city and it all buings are the contre fora lot of Australian busines. Ie is also an imernational city wher you ca eat fo from all ene he world rust visi some othe thirty wonderful beaches! ‘When they think of Syne, many people think of the Sylney Opers House. The roof of this benuiful building Tooks lik sis on Sydney Harbous: fe wis opened in 1373 for msi, teste, nd dancs, Near the Opera Howse sone of the longest bridges in the world ~ Sydney Harbour Bridge. Melbourne in the tte of Victoria ithe ycond bigest city with 37 million poople, and ie was the capital of Anstalia om 1901 to 1827. tn the 1880s people built many fine buildings in his ich ct, and many of them ae cil there toda Te has wide streets, some lovely old bling and many lage parks nd gardens. Like Syne ishome ‘many immigrant, andithasalarge Chinatown. Melbourne's theates and pubs are Famous, and isa popula cent for ary sic, and festa of may’ kind rane i in Quesrsland on che east bast. Here the emperauee ca get very ot, and you can sil ind stile houses — wooden houses on tll ponts which let cool ait lunder she house-Brishaneisanimporean center busines and many ours also come to visite ity on thee way 0 the beaches of Queensland othe Gest Barter Rsk. ‘Adelaide in South Austra scald the City of Churches, ane ei alo famous for is sity plan which put pas ll round the city cone. e bas fous festivals of music, these, and lin, and the WOMADelade fetal of world ‘music and dance, From Adelaide many visors trae othe Barossa Valley, whete German immigeants began making ine inthe nineteemh century Some of Aust’ est wine comes from he toda Perth is to Atala by the nian Ocean, The landin the westas plenty way from the oer cits, i Wester of gold, el, and valuable mineral, so Prt i a riche Aout one-third of the families in Perth own a boat, aad swimming and sling are pat of ile for nearly every bods harbour fom which boat i othe French and Avstaian Arhur, where he first convicts lived Finally thee are wom sotstats (The Aastrlingenernment has more power aver what happens in the tersitorics than in he states) Darwin, inthe Northern Testor, has 0 tall sidings, only ni low ones, because during the sumer salle Cyclone Tracy ile sinty-seven people and destroyed realy al the buildings in Darwin. Many Aborigines and immigrants fom Asa livin the city aa there isa big army Canberra isin he Ausealian Capital Terszry Like many counicies (for example, Brazil and the United. Sats) Australia has a special part ofthe country which is inst for it capital city: Canberea isthe newest of the Austaian place. It is also diferent from the othr cites Bocuse iis a long way 120 ilometres—from the sea, although ition a elo. Ir ws designed by an American, Wher Burley Griffin in 1912, ad became the saptl of Aust in 1927. This beau city has thousands of tees and a big lake in its centre, Canberra is the ho ne of many important rational buildings like Psrkamsene Howse. The Australian onernment meets here, and many of the people in Canberra work forthe government. IE you leave the cites and go to the Hat, hot cente of Austaia you wl ind yourself inthe outback’ Theouthack is more than two-thinls of Australia but i population & les than 100,000, Many people lve on sheep or cate sation: im Australia which are cach as lange a dhe country of England. The nearest neighbour i peshaps a handed Kilomerne away the nearest city 1,50 ilomettes aa. People tae by \orby ait, On ee oads you can ofen see rond train earryng cate from the cattle stations Simall aeroplanes are used ro rake peopl, fol post and ‘machines to places tha at ar avay from the oh Aen mat doctor by radio and get hp. Eich sation or house keps box of medicine, so thatthe d Take rwo of medicine Number. If things are more serio, a plane wl brnga sik person to hospital, or take a doc ‘ose them. Planes inthe Flying Doctor service fy bout Children inthe outback use the Schools of the Ait When these bezan, teachers spoke tothe chien by radio, and seat them thei work by post. Now they use the Internet stayin touch with each other and with cei teachers. Once 8 year all the children spend a week together the younger shildren goto Alice Springs, and the ole cde a big ny ik Syne of Adelaide. This ies them the chance co spend ime with cildeen of ei cw ae Alice Springs is the largest outback town, with a opulation of 26,00. For about a huni yes twas inst a small group of houses and shops, but recency the polation as grown Becase it has become an important tourist entre. You ean tal hereby train fom Adelaide oe Darsin, and many tourists ome to Ale Springs on thee way to Uluru, the grea sock inthe des The frst white people who came to the outback used camesto catty thereles and hee gga, Now there ae ll camel living in the desert and there are farms wth cams wan 10 ty a journey by camel nto the ovthack ‘With ad Jn the ourack fel les lonely than they used to, Ht the evsion the Interact and aeroplanes people ‘outback iil shard place tone. From sme to time tourists die when they dive ito the outback without enough water todink the Aborigines had tole faraway fom other Austins, There were now between 50,000 and 90,000 Aborigines livingin Australia, and life was wey df For chem. They ould not own land, they could not get jl and thet children could not go to ach ‘hide, Nobe Population. Some people thoughe that there was no hope with hie counted the Aborigines inthe Australian for the Aboriginal people, and many of thet languages tn fac, after about 1940 che numberof Aborigines began about 24 percent of the population} I ome ways eis beter; for example, some ofthe and thatthe British rook onto the Aborigines gy 2002 che Aborigines ‘owned 14 pe cent of Abstain lan But for lous of Aborigines if stil diicul, Mos naling in ics an sows, away fom the andthe sate with the langst number of Aborigines, fr example isnot anthack stats like Northern Teritory or Western Asta itis New South Wales. Although some have ben succesful may fe that they Belong neither to Aboriginal Australia nor to whit Australia. Aborigines hve more bea robles an shorter ves (about seventeen years shorter) than white staan The leave schoo ear dit isan for them og jabs, Many of them find thie way to prion about 20 per em she people i Ausraan prisons are Abe gies ~ and they In recent years people have hegun to elk about another many children —pethaps as many a 100,000 ~ were taken sway From hee parents Usallythey were chien with an Shona mother and a white father. They wnt to lve in schools oF with new parents, away from their homes and fie. Many of them never sav thee failes ‘heir own way agai, and some did not even know that they were past Aboriginal Inch ate 1980s people began ro alk about this a 198 she fist National Soy Day was held in Ansel oy Sorry t0 the cdr who were taken any Not ll Ausralans agree about what happened ba they do now kc abo his dak ime in Australi’ pas. The las Rabit-Prof Fence (2002 made 2 lot of Australians think about the problems of Aborigines inthe pst an in the present, You can read this Story in Rabbit oof Fence(Oxfor! Bookwars Sage 3 AC last now in some cities Aborigines are helping each tothe to lear abou the Aboriginal way’ of ie; young pepe aretaken tothe couste, where olde Aborigines teach heat the songs dances and wayof living af the Aborigines ofthe pst. And perhaps more white Austrians are begining to realize that they cn ear loc about their couney from the As Uluru and other wonders One of the most heautiflchings you can seein Austen is Uluru, aso called Ayers Rock, tis a enormous rock alone ‘ofthe desert south-west of Alice Spring eis Skilometes long and 348 meres igh, ut there are another 2.400 metres under the ground. Ula is 60 million years rock of is kind inthe word (Infact, Mount August in esse Australi isto and hall times as big as Ula, Thousands of tourists come each yea co walk round i and lok a it The best time to sce iis atthe end ofthe day, wen its color changes fom yellow to gold ed and then purple. S ne vistors like see Ua from a plane ethers ‘ide ou ino the deseo seit fom ong way aay Ulaes is 8 special place for Ab gins, and it Belongs to the Anangu, Aborgial people ofthe Piantitara group Then theres the Great Bacrier Rec, At 2,500 kilometes ivisthe word'slongest orl reef. Parts there are 20,000 ears ol, and 1,500 deren kinds of fs Hie there. Ii ‘ery popular with tourists, who come ovis che islands and beaches, sim in che cae warm water, an take boat ides to see the sh and the coal Goober Ped whichis about $46 kdometres north-west of inary place The beatiful Be sen somes called opal were fs found here in 1915, and Buc is very hot and dry ~35 ro 45 °C day’ afte day in he sommec 50 nuost people Bre uler the around in hove tnhich are dugout of the rock Here they cn stay cool, and if they want a bigger hows, they just dig another oom! Coober Pedy ft tse was ade of metal and you can stil sce it on a hill ouside the town, The Aboriginal mame ‘Coober Rey” actually means ‘white man in a hoe Lakes are usually col and wet ~but no in usta, The big lakes ofthe desert ae dry most of the sme, Enormos Lake Eyre, which s 210 kilometres long and 65 kilometres helake is wide, was dry for handed yrs wil 98D, an ‘only full of water about ance every eight yeurs. Bue now there sa Lake Eyre Yasht Club, When tain, people who along tthe yar clu go to the lake vo sail while they ‘an! Lake Mung in New South Wales hs had no water for ts Tasmania, 43 per and some 1 of he Landis in thew tres are ere 195 Ho cvesed in forest, a go for 3,000, mote. There are seventeen dire aul beaches, la of diferent walk seve ays og packs, with and vers, an there ae hd you ean ak, fr Finally theres ics the Bungle Bungle 21 ack in Western Australia, 1 and black hill, made into nd and enn, Those Sheep, cattle, minerals, and wheat | Ase isi people, Where dows iss Mernos ar tong animals lyin warm dy places. Now 2 Catal are foand mostly in he drier parts ofthe north and centre, and cattle stations einer one quarter of Ausra, The mest from Avsttlan cate land, and there can also be problems when minerals ae founel on Aboriginal and ‘Western Australia and New South Woles grow lot of wheat, which sold tothe USA, China, and Japan, sali 1100 In Queensland the at everything. that Australia wells the largest par ge by China South Kor of Anstali's money wok these people do 12 Ten sheep and two cows ‘With warm temperatures and alot of ean, New Zealand is a great plac for farms ofall kinds. Sheep and cows are foun on fre in bo the Norh and South Islands he ‘oldest Farms began i he mide of the nineteenth century Uni the 1940s people sid that New Zealanders ved of ‘he sheep's ack nother words the country made most of its money from the wool and meat fom is sheep which ie sold mosily to the UK. Ar tha time one person in four worked om a fae "Now only one person in rn works om fam, bu there are sila Tor of animals. For every person living in New Zealand there are ten sheep and two cows ~ of abou 40 nillion sheep ad 8 million cowsin he whole country. There re other farm animal 108, of course ike chickens Tot of fruits grown here roo — apples fo example and sore recently kif. Before the 1970s not many people knew ivi omtside Now Zealand and Chinas now millions ofthe small brows frat ae set all over the work from farm inthe North lan. As wellas New Zealand rcs ike rim ota and kauri Which cover more than a quate of the land, othe toes ae also grown fr wood and paper Inthe cence f the North Ian here are large forests of tee tha are et anid sed i New Zealand and sald 0 other counties to, Feople have made wine in New Zealand fora hundred cas at since the 1970s cas both in New Zealand and o things tha cey ca aso and ell grapes ane some ofthe ew things onthe New Zealand tht. Free time and sport Both Australia and New Zealand have ple so naturally people spend I time ouside Although there ae Hatin ce, like to liven house of thir on with snendousintheiganens growing Rowers and egal, playing ad aving mea Barbecues ae poplar, and New Zealanders ike a hang too, This is & Miori way of cooking You make a fein a ound and then put stones on top ofthe fs cea and vegetable om top cone the food, an fll up the you uncover the fod and it Uni the mide of dhe ewenticth century meal in boeh countries were very mush like British meals, and people ually sat down inthe evening to eat meat, potatoes, ad vegetables. But now people travel mone, and immigrants have rough new foes and new ways of cooking, Young

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