At89c2051 24pi
At89c2051 24pi
1. Description                                                                               AT89C2051
The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with
2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM). The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology
and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set. By combining a
versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C2051 is a power-
ful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many
embedded control applications.
The AT89C2051 provides the following standard features: 2K bytes of Flash, 128
bytes of RAM, 15 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt
architecture, a full duplex serial port, a precision analog comparator, on-chip oscillator
and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C2051 is designed with static logic for opera-
tion down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving
modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial
port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the
RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next
hardware reset.
                                                                                                     0368G–MICRO–6/05
2. Pin Configuration
                             RST/VPP     1    20   VCC
                          (RXD) P3.0     2    19   P1.7
                           (TXD) P3.1    3    18   P1.6
                               XTAL2     4    17   P1.5
                               XTAL1     5    16   P1.4
                          (INT0) P3.2    6    15   P1.3
                          (INT1) P3.3    7    14   P1.2
                            (TO) P3.4    8    13   P1.1 (AIN1)
                             (T1) P3.5   9    12   P1.0 (AIN0)
                                 GND     10   11   P3.7
3. Block Diagram
2      AT89C2051
                                                                 0368G–MICRO–6/05
                                                                                                   AT89C2051
4. Pin Description
4.1     VCC
                   Supply voltage.
4.2     GND
                   Ground.
4.3     Port 1
                   The Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. Port pins P1.2 to P1.7 provide internal pull-ups. P1.0
                   and P1.1 require external pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 also serve as the positive input (AIN0) and the
                   negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip precision analog comparator. The Port 1 out-
                   put buffers can sink 20 mA and can drive LED displays directly. When 1s are written to Port 1
                   pins, they can be used as inputs. When pins P1.2 to P1.7 are used as inputs and are externally
                   pulled low, they will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.
                   Port 1 also receives code data during Flash programming and verification.
4.4     Port 3
                   Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bi-directional I/O pins with internal pull-ups. P3.6 is
                   hard-wired as an input to the output of the on-chip comparator and is not accessible as a gen-
                   eral-purpose I/O pin. The Port 3 output buffers can sink 20 mA. When 1s are written to Port 3
                   pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3
                   pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups.
                   Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C2051 as listed below:
Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.
4.5     RST
                   Reset input. All I/O pins are reset to 1s as soon as RST goes high. Holding the RST pin high for
                   two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.
                   Each machine cycle takes 12 oscillator or clock cycles.
4.6     XTAL1
                   Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
                                                                                                                       3
0368G–MICRO–6/05
4.7   XTAL2
                 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
5. Oscillator Characteristics
                 The XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which can
                 be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 5-1. Either a quartz crystal or
                 ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2
                 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven as shown in Figure 5-2. There are no require-
                 ments on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking
                 circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop, but minimum and maximum voltage high and low
                 time specifications must be observed.
4      AT89C2051
                                                                                                   0368G–MICRO–6/05
                                                                                                  AT89C2051
6. Special Function Registers
                        A map of the on-chip memory area called the Special Function Register (SFR) space is shown in
                        the table below.
                        Note that not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoccupied addresses may not be imple-
                        mented on the chip. Read accesses to these addresses will in general return random data, and
                        write accesses will have an indeterminate effect.
                        User software should not write 1s to these unlisted locations, since they may be used in future
                        products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive values of the new bits will
                        always be 0.
0F8H 0FFH
             B
  0F0H                                                                                                         0F7H
          00000000
0E8H 0EFH
            ACC
 0E0H                                                                                                          0E7H
          00000000
0D8H 0DFH
            PSW
 0D0H                                                                                                          0D7H
          00000000
 0C8H
                                                                                                               0CFH
0C0H 0C7H
             IP
 0B8H                                                                                                          0BFH
          XXX00000
             P3
 0B0H                                                                                                          0B7H
          11111111
             IE
 0A8H                                                                                                          0AFH
          0XX00000
 0A0H
                                                                                                               0A7H
           SCON         SBUF
   98H                                                                                                         9FH
          00000000    XXXXXXXX
             P1
   90H                                                                                                         97H
          11111111
           TCON        TMOD          TL0          TL1          TH0          TH1
   88H                                                                                                         8FH
          00000000    00000000     00000000     00000000     00000000     00000000
                         SP          DPL          DPH                                               PCON
   80H                                                                                                         87H
                      00000111     00000000     00000000                                          0XXX0000
                                                                                                                      5
0368G–MICRO–6/05
7. Restrictions on Certain Instructions
                   The AT89C2051 and is an economical and cost-effective member of Atmel’s growing family of
                   microcontrollers. It contains 2K bytes of Flash program memory. It is fully compatible with the
                   MCS-51 architecture, and can be programmed using the MCS-51 instruction set. However,
                   there are a few considerations one must keep in mind when utilizing certain instructions to pro-
                   gram this device.
                   All the instructions related to jumping or branching should be restricted such that the destination
                   address falls within the physical program memory space of the device, which is 2K for the
                   AT89C2051. This should be the responsibility of the software programmer. For example, LJMP
                   7E0H would be a valid instruction for the AT89C2051 (with 2K of memory), whereas LJMP 900H
                   would not.
6      AT89C2051
                                                                                                               0368G–MICRO–6/05
                                                                                              AT89C2051
9. Idle Mode
                   In idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the on-chip peripherals remain active. The
                   mode is invoked by software. The content of the on-chip RAM and all the special functions regis-
                   ters remain unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled
                   interrupt or by a hardware reset.
                   The P1.0 and P1.1 should be set to “0” if no external pull-ups are used, or set to “1” if
                   external pull-ups are used.
                   It should be noted that when idle is terminated by a hardware reset, the device normally
                   resumes program execution, from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the internal
                   reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but
                   access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write to a
                   port pin when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle
                   should not be one that writes to a port pin or to external memory.
                                                                                                                   7
0368G–MICRO–6/05
          To Program and Verify the Array:
           4. Apply data for Code byte at location 000H to P1.0 to P1.7.
           5. Raise RST to 12V to enable programming.
           6. Pulse P3.2 once to program a byte in the PEROM array or the lock bits. The byte-write
              cycle is self-timed and typically takes 1.2 ms.
           7. To verify the programmed data, lower RST from 12V to logic “H” level and set pins P3.3
              to P3.7 to the appropriate levels. Output data can be read at the port P1 pins.
           8. To program a byte at the next address location, pulse XTAL1 pin once to advance the
              internal address counter. Apply new data to the port P1 pins.
           9. Repeat steps 6 through 8, changing data and advancing the address counter for the
              entire 2K bytes array or until the end of the object file is reached.
           10. Power-off sequence:
               set XTAL1 to “L”
               set RST to “L”
               Turn VCC power off
          Data Polling: The AT89C2051 features Data Polling to indicate the end of a write cycle. During
          a write cycle, an attempted read of the last byte written will result in the complement of the writ-
          ten data on P1.7. Once the write cycle has been completed, true data is valid on all outputs, and
          the next cycle may begin. Data Polling may begin any time after a write cycle has been initiated.
          Ready/Busy: The Progress of byte programming can also be monitored by the RDY/BSY output
          signal. Pin P3.1 is pulled low after P3.2 goes High during programming to indicate BUSY. P3.1 is
          pulled High again when programming is done to indicate READY.
          Program Verify: If lock bits LB1 and LB2 have not been programmed code data can be read
          back via the data lines for verification:
           1. Reset the internal address counter to 000H by bringing RST from “L” to “H”.
           2. Apply the appropriate control signals for Read Code data and read the output data at
              the port P1 pins.
           3. Pulse pin XTAL1 once to advance the internal address counter.
           4. Read the next code data byte at the port P1 pins.
           5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the entire array is read.
          The lock bits cannot be verified directly. Verification of the lock bits is achieved by observing that
          their features are enabled.
          Chip Erase: The entire PEROM array (2K bytes) and the two Lock Bits are erased electrically
          by using the proper combination of control signals and by holding P3.2 low for 10 ms. The code
          array is written with all “1”s in the Chip Erase operation and must be executed before any non-
          blank memory byte can be re-programmed.
          Reading the Signature Bytes: The signature bytes are read by the same procedure as a nor-
          mal verification of locations 000H, 001H, and 002H, except that P3.5 and P3.7 must be pulled to
          a logic low. The values returned are as follows.
              (000H) = 1EH indicates manufactured by Atmel
              (001H) = 21H indicates 89C2051
8   AT89C2051
                                                                                                0368G–MICRO–6/05
                                                                                                            AT89C2051
12. Programming Interface
                            Every code byte in the Flash array can be written and the entire array can be erased by using
                            the appropriate combination of control signals. The write operation cycle is self-timed and once
                            initiated, will automatically time itself to completion.
                            Most major worldwide programming vendors offer support for the Atmel AT89 microcontroller
                            series. Please contact your local programming vendor for the appropriate software revision.
                                      Bit - 1        12V                                    H          H          H          H
 Write Lock
                                      Bit - 2        12V                                    H          H          L          L
                                                                                                                                   9
0368G–MICRO–6/05
           Figure 13-1. Programming the Flash Memory
PP
10   AT89C2051
                                                            0368G–MICRO–6/05
                                                                   AT89C2051
                                                                                  11
0368G–MICRO–6/05
16. Absolute Maximum Ratings*
 Operating Temperature ................................. -55°C to +125°C            *NOTICE:       Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
                                                                                                   Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent dam-
 Storage Temperature ..................................... -65°C to +150°C                         age to the device. This is a stress rating only and
                                                                                                   functional operation of the device at these or any
 Voltage on Any Pin                                                                                other conditions beyond those indicated in the
 with Respect to Ground .....................................-1.0V to +7.0V                        operational sections of this specification is not
                                                                                                   implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
 Maximum Operating Voltage ............................................ 6.6V                       conditions for extended periods may affect device
                                                                                                   reliability.
 DC Output Current...................................................... 25.0 mA
17. DC Characteristics
TA = -40°C to 85°C, VCC = 2.7V to 6.0V (unless otherwise noted)
 Symbol              Parameter                                     Condition                                     Min              Max           Units
 VIL                 Input Low-voltage                                                                           -0.5         0.2 VCC - 0.1       V
 VIH                 Input High-voltage                            (Except XTAL1, RST)                      0.2 VCC + 0.9       VCC + 0.5         V
 VIH1                Input High-voltage                            (XTAL1, RST)                                0.7 VCC          VCC + 0.5         V
                                              (1)
                     Output Low-voltage                            IOL = 20 mA, VCC = 5V
 VOL                                                                                                                               0.5            V
                     (Ports 1, 3)                                  IOL = 10 mA, VCC = 2.7V
12           AT89C2051
                                                                                                                                        0368G–MICRO–6/05
                                                                                                         AT89C2051
18. External Clock Drive Waveforms
()
                                                                                                                               13
0368G–MICRO–6/05
21. Shift Register Mode Timing Waveforms
Note:   1. AC Inputs during testing are driven at VCC - 0.5V for a logic 1 and 0.45V for a logic 0. Timing measurements are made at VIH
           min. for a logic 1 and VIL max. for a logic 0.
Note:   1. For timing purposes, a port pin is no longer floating when a 100 mV change from load voltage occurs. A port pin begins to
           float when 100 mV change from the loaded VOH/VOL level occurs.
14       AT89C2051
                                                                                                                      0368G–MICRO–6/05
                                                                                                           AT89C2051
24. ICC (Active Mode) Measurements
                                                             AT89C2051
                                                      TYPICAL ICC - ACTIVE (85°C)
                                     20
                                                                                          Vcc=6.0V
                               I 15
                               C                                          Vcc=5.0V
                               C 10
                                                                                           Vcc=3.0V
                               m
                               A         5
                                         0
                                             0          6           12                18              24
                                                        FREQUENCY (MHz)
                               I
                               C 2                                      Vcc=5.0V
                               C
                               m 1
                               A
                                                                                           Vcc=3.0V
                                     0
                                         0             3            6                 9               12
                                                       FREQUENCY (MHz)
                              I 15
                              C
                              C 10
                              µ
                              A      5
                                     0
                                      3.0V                  4.0V               5.0V                   6.0V
                                                            Vcc VOLTAGE
                                                                                                                  15
0368G–MICRO–6/05
27. Ordering Information
                                                           Package Type
 20P3              20-lead, 0.300” Wide, Plastic Dual In-line Package (PDIP)
 20S               20-lead, 0.300” Wide, Plastic Gull Wing Small Outline (SOIC)
16           AT89C2051
                                                                                              0368G–MICRO–6/05
                                                                                                                   AT89C2051
28. Package Information
                                                 D
                                                                     PIN
                                                                      1
E1
SEATING PLANE
                                                                                 A1
                      L
                                                                             B
                                                     B1
                          e
                                                                                                    COMMON DIMENSIONS
                                                                                                     (Unit of Measure = mm)
                                C
                                                                                          SYMBOL    MIN     NOM       MAX       NOTE
                                                                   eC
                                                eB                                          A        –        –      5.334
                                                                                            A1     0.381      –          –
                                                                                            D      24.892     –      26.924     Note 2
                                                                                            E      7.620      –       8.255
                                                                                            E1     6.096      –       7.112     Note 2
                                                                                            B      0.356      –      0.559
       Notes:    1. This package conforms to JEDEC reference MS-001, Variation AD.          B1     1.270      –      1.551
                 2. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold Flash or Protrusion.            L      2.921      –      3.810
                    Mold Flash or Protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010").
                                                                                            C      0.203      –      0.356
                                                                                            eB       –        –      10.922
                                                                                            eC     0.000      –      1.524
                                                                                            e                2.540 TYP
                                                                                                                                  1/23/04
                                         TITLE                                                                    DRAWING NO.        REV.
                2325 Orchard Parkway
                                          20P3, 20-lead (0.300"/7.62 mm Wide) Plastic Dual                               20P3            D
            R   San Jose, CA 95131        Inline Package (PDIP)
                                                                                                                                             17
0368G–MICRO–6/05
28.2   20S – SOIC
                                                                    0.51(0.020)
                                                                    0.33(0.013)
PIN 1
                                                             13.00 (0.5118)
                                                             12.60 (0.4961)                        2.65 (0.1043)
                                                                                                   2.35 (0.0926)
                                                                              0.30(0.0118)
                                                                              0.10 (0.0040)
                                      0º ~ 8º                                          0.32 (0.0125)
                                                                                       0.23 (0.0091)
                                                     1.27 (0.050)
                                                     0.40 (0.016)
                                                                                                                              10/23/03
                                       TITLE                                                                        DRAWING NO.   REV.
            2325 Orchard Parkway
                                        20S, 20-lead, 0.300" Body, Plastic Gull Wing Small Outline (SOIC)               20S         B
        R   San Jose, CA 95131
18      AT89C2051
                                                                                                                          0368G–MICRO–6/05
                   AT89C2051
                          19
0368G–MICRO–6/05
 Atmel Corporation                                   Atmel Operations
    2325 Orchard Parkway                             Memory                                                     RF/Automotive
    San Jose, CA 95131, USA                            2325 Orchard Parkway                                        Theresienstrasse 2
    Tel: 1(408) 441-0311                               San Jose, CA 95131, USA                                     Postfach 3535
    Fax: 1(408) 487-2600                               Tel: 1(408) 441-0311                                        74025 Heilbronn, Germany
                                                       Fax: 1(408) 436-4314                                        Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0
                                                                                                                   Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340
 Regional Headquarters                               Microcontrollers
 Europe                                                2325 Orchard Parkway                                        1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd.
    Atmel Sarl                                         San Jose, CA 95131, USA                                     Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA
    Route des Arsenaux 41                              Tel: 1(408) 441-0311                                        Tel: 1(719) 576-3300
    Case Postale 80                                    Fax: 1(408) 436-4314                                        Fax: 1(719) 540-1759
    CH-1705 Fribourg
    Switzerland                                        La Chantrerie                                            Biometrics/Imaging/Hi-Rel MPU/
    Tel: (41) 26-426-5555                              BP 70602                                                 High Speed Converters/RF Datacom
    Fax: (41) 26-426-5500                              44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France                                Avenue de Rochepleine
                                                       Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18                                     BP 123
 Asia                                                  Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60                                     38521 Saint-Egreve Cedex, France
    Room 1219                                                                                                      Tel: (33) 4-76-58-30-00
    Chinachem Golden Plaza                           ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards                                         Fax: (33) 4-76-58-34-80
    77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui                           Zone Industrielle
    East Kowloon                                       13106 Rousset Cedex, France
    Hong Kong                                          Tel: (33) 4-42-53-60-00
    Tel: (852) 2721-9778                               Fax: (33) 4-42-53-60-01
    Fax: (852) 2722-1369
                                                       1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd.
 Japan                                                 Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA
    9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg.                         Tel: 1(719) 576-3300
    1-24-8 Shinkawa                                    Fax: 1(719) 540-1759
    Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033
    Japan                                              Scottish Enterprise Technology Park
    Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551                              Maxwell Building
    Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581                              East Kilbride G75 0QR, Scotland
                                                       Tel: (44) 1355-803-000
                                                       Fax: (44) 1355-242-743
                                                                                                                Literature Requests
                                                                                                                www.atmel.com/literature
Disclaimer: The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any
intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Atmel products. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN ATMEL’S TERMS AND CONDI-
TIONS OF SALE LOCATED ON ATMEL’S WEB SITE, ATMEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY
WARRANTY RELATING TO ITS PRODUCTS INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL OR INCIDEN-
TAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF INFORMATION) ARISING OUT
OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF ATMEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Atmel makes no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications
and product descriptions at any time without notice. Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. Atmel’s products are not
intended, authorized, or warranted for use as components in applications intended to support or sustain life.
© Atmel Corporation 2005. All rights reserved. Atmel®, logo and combinations thereof, Everywhere You Are ® and others, are
registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others.
0368G–MICRO–6/05 xM