Dhananjaya R (9740085560) Conjunctions:

Definition: Conjunctions are words that connect clauses, sentences, or words within the same clause. They
play a crucial role in forming complex sentences and improving the flow of writing.

Types of Conjunctions

1. Coordinating Conjunctions:

o Definition: These conjunctions join words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal

importance.

o Common Coordinating Conjunctions:

▪ FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

o Examples:

▪ I want to go for a walk, but it’s raining.

▪ She plays the piano, and he plays the guitar.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions:

o Definition: These conjunctions connect an independent clause with a dependent clause,

indicating a relationship between them (such as time, cause, condition, etc.).

o Common Subordinating Conjunctions:

▪ Although, Because, Since, Unless, While, If, When, After, Before

o Examples:

▪ Although it was raining, we went for a hike.

▪ She stayed home because she was feeling unwell.

3. Correlative Conjunctions:

o Definition: These conjunctions work in pairs to connect equal elements within a sentence.

o Common Correlative Conjunctions:

▪ Both/And, Either/Or, Neither/Nor, Not Only/But Also

o Examples:

▪ Either you can have tea, or you can have coffee.

▪ Both the teacher and the students enjoyed the field trip.
Functions of Conjunctions

• Joining Ideas: Conjunctions connect similar ideas or contrasts, helping to form cohesive and
coherent sentences.

• Establishing Relationships: They indicate logical relationships between clauses, such as cause and
effect, contrast, and condition.

• Enhancing Clarity: By linking phrases and clauses, conjunctions help clarify the meaning of
sentences and improve the flow of ideas.

Usage of Conjunctions

1. In Compound Sentences:

o Coordinating conjunctions are used to combine two independent clauses:

▪ I wanted to go swimming, but it was too cold.

2. In Complex Sentences:

o Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses:

▪ We can go to the park if the weather is nice.

3. With Lists:

o Coordinating conjunctions can be used to connect items in a list:

▪ I need to buy eggs, milk, and bread.

4. In Parallel Structures:

o When using correlative conjunctions, ensure parallelism:

▪ She is not only smart but also hardworking.

Tips for Using Conjunctions

• Avoid Run-On Sentences: Ensure that clauses connected by coordinating conjunctions are
independent and can stand alone.

• Use a Comma Before Coordinating Conjunctions: When joining two independent clauses, place a
comma before the conjunction:

o I wanted to travel; however, I had no money.

• Be Mindful of Meaning: Choose the appropriate conjunction to convey the intended relationship
between ideas.
 EXERCISE:

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions from the given options.
1. She is not only intelligent ______ hardworking. (but / and / or)
2. I will come to the party ______ I finish my homework. (since / if / until)
3. We can go to the park ______ it stops raining. (because / if / but)
4. They waited ______ the bus arrived. (until / because / so)
5. The teacher explained the topic again ______ the students could understand better. (so that / but)
6. He is young ______ very responsible. (or / but / nor)
7. The team practiced hard ______ they could win the championship. (so that / because / although)
8. You must submit your assignment ______ you leave. (after / before / since)
9. I called him ______ he didn’t answer. (because / but / so)
10. She speaks French ______ Spanish. (and / nor / but)
11. ______ he was ill, he attended the meeting. (Although / Since / Because)
12. I have known her ______ she was a child. (until / since / as)
13. He is slow ______ steady. (nor / but / and)
14. Would you like coffee ______ tea? (or / and / but)
15. She will pass the exam ______ she studies hard. (if / so / because)

II. Combine the following pairs of sentences using suitable conjunctions.

1. I want to buy a new car. I don't have enough money.
2. He studied very hard. He didn’t pass the exam.
3. She was very tired. She continued working.
4. John is my friend. Mary is my friend too.
5. We can visit the museum. We can go to the park.
6. I went to bed early. I was tired.
7. They were very hungry. They didn’t eat much.
8. The children were playing outside. It started raining.
9. He is not a teacher. He is not a student either.
10. I like coffee. My brother prefers tea.
11. She didn’t know the answer. She guessed it.
12. The movie was boring. I watched it until the end.
13. He was very angry. He didn't say a word.
14. I will go to the store. I will buy some groceries.
15. She cooked the dinner. I set the tab
 Answer Key

Section A: Fill in the Blanks

1. but
2. if
3. if
4. until
5. so that
6. but
7. so that
8. before
9. but
10. and
11. Although
12. since
13. but
14. or
15. if

Section B: Combine the Sentences

1. I want to buy a new car, but I don't have enough money.

2. He studied very hard, but he didn’t pass the exam.
3. She was very tired, but she continued working.
4. John and Mary are my friends.
5. We can either visit the museum or go to the park.
6. I went to bed early because I was tired.
7. They were very hungry, but they didn’t eat much.
8. The children were playing outside when it started raining.
9. He is neither a teacher nor a student.
10. I like coffee, but my brother prefers tea.
11. She didn’t know the answer, so she guessed it.
12. The movie was boring, but I watched it until the end.
13. He was very angry, but he didn't say a word.
14. I will go to the store and buy some groceries.
15. She cooked the dinner while I set the table.
 ADVANCED EXERCISE:

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunctions from the options given in parentheses.

1. She enjoys painting, _______ she also likes to sculpt. (and, but)
2. _______ the storm was raging outside, they decided to stay in. (Although, Because)
3. He was not only a talented musician _______ a gifted writer. (and, but)
4. You can either have tea _______ coffee with your breakfast. (or, nor)
5. I will finish my report _______ I can submit it by tomorrow. (so, if)
6. The movie was entertaining, _______ it was too long. (but, for)
7. _______ I forgot my umbrella, I got soaked in the rain. (Because, Although)
8. She studied diligently; _______ she passed the test with top marks. (so, but)
9. Neither the cat _______ the dog wanted to go outside. (nor, and)
10. I can’t attend the meeting _______ I have a doctor’s appointment. (because, or)
11. _______ he was tired, he decided to go for a jog. (Even though, Unless)
12. The project was challenging, _______ it taught us valuable skills. (but, and)
13. She is as skilled in mathematics _______ she is in science. (as, and)
14. He neither confirmed _______ denied the allegations. (nor, and)
15. If you help me with the chores, _______ I will make dinner. (then, and)
16. You should take a coat _______ it gets cold later. (unless, in case)
17. _______ the food was delicious, I couldn’t finish my plate. (Although, Because)
18. She loves reading novels, _______ she prefers non-fiction books. (but, or)
19. Not only did he finish his homework _______ he also helped his sister with hers. (but, and)
20. I will go hiking _______ it doesn't rain tomorrow. (unless, if)
21. Both the manager _______ the employees were satisfied with the outcome. (and, but)
22. I would have gone to the concert, _______ I lost my ticket. (but, so)
23. He is as brave _______ he is smart. (as, and)
24. _______ she had practiced for weeks, she was still nervous before the performance. (Although,
Because)
25. We will go to the beach _______ the weather is nice. (if, and)
26. The lecture was long, _______ it was very informative. (but, so)
27. Either you complete the assignment _______ you will not pass the course. (or, and)
28. The children were excited, _______ they knew the trip would be fun. (for, and)
29. _______ the rain, the picnic was a success. (Despite, Because of)
30. She can speak Spanish _______ French fluently. (and, but)
31. The team worked hard on the project, _______ they still didn’t meet the deadline. (yet, so)
32. She was excited about her promotion, _______ she remained humble. (but, and)
33. If you study regularly, _______ you will surely improve your grades. (then, but)
34. He can either attend the meeting _______ send an email update. (or, and)
35. _______ I wanted to join the dance class, I had a prior commitment. (Although, Because)
36. Not only is he an excellent cook, _______ he also bakes the best cakes. (but, and)
37. The weather was perfect, _______ we decided to have a picnic. (so, but)
38. _______ she was tired, she managed to finish her assignment. (Although, Unless)
39. He didn’t see the movie, _______ he read the book. (but, and)
40. The teacher was pleased, _______ the students had worked hard. (because, so)
41. You must choose _______ to study harder _______ to seek help from a tutor. (either, or)
42. I will go to the store _______ I finish my work. (when, and)
43. Both the novel _______ the movie adaptation were critically acclaimed. (and, but)
44. She was late for the meeting _______ she got stuck in traffic. (because, unless)
45. _______ the fact that it was raining, they went hiking. (Despite, Although)
46. He can play the guitar _______ the piano remarkably well. (and, but)
47. The teacher explained the lesson again _______ the students understood it. (until, so)
48. _______ she prepared thoroughly, she still felt nervous before the exam. (Even though, If)
49. You can have either salad _______ soup as a starter. (or, nor)
50. I will finish my essay, _______ I have a couple of hours left. (for, because)
 Answer Key

1. and
2. Although
3. and
4. or
5. so
6. but
7. Because
8. so
9. nor
10. because
11. Even though
12. but
13. as
14. nor
15. then
16. in case
17. Although
18. but
19. but
20. if
21. and
22. but
23. as
24. Although
25. if
26. but
27. or
28. for
29. Despite
30. and
31. yet
32. but
33. then
34. or
35. Although
36. but
37. so
38. Although
39. but
40. because
41. either
42. when
43. and
44. because
45. Despite
46. and
47. until
48. Even though
49. or
50. because