Sultanate
Name the following
1 Two slave rulers
Answer: (a) Qutbud-din Aibak (b) Iltutmish
2 Two buildings built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Answer: (a) Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque (b) Adhai-din-ka Jhopra (Ajmer)
3 Two Rajput kingdoms defeated by Iltutmish
Answer (a) Ranthambhore (b) Gwalior
4 Two practices introduced by Balban in the Court.
Answer: (a) Sijda (b) Paibas
Fill in the blanks
1: The earliest rulers of Delhi were called Mamluk Sultans.
2: Qutb-ud-din Aibak was also known as Lakh Baksh.
3: Iltutmish organised a group of forty Turkish nobles called Chalisa.
4: Razia Sultan was the first Muslim woman to sit on the throne of Delhi.
5: Balban was the Prime Minister during the reign of Nasiruddin Mahmud.
Answer the following
1 Why is the period between 1206 and 1526 known as the period of Delhi Sultanate?
The period between 1206 and 1526 CE in Indian history is known as the period of Delhi
Sultanate. The rulers of various dynasties who ruled during this period were called 'Sultans'.
Since these rulers ruled from their capital at Delhi, this period is called Delhi Sultanate.
2 Who were Mamluk Sultans?
The earliest rulers of Delhi were called Mamluk Sultans. The word Mamluk is an Arabic word
that means 'owned'. Since these Sultans were earlier either the slaves of the Turks or were
the sons of the slaves, they were called Mamluk Sultans.
3 How did Iltutmish save his kingdom from the Mongol threat?
Iltutmish used diplomacy to save his kingdom from the threat of Mongol invasion. In 1221,
Mongol leader changez khan conquered many parts of Central Asia. Chasing the ruler of
Khawarizm, the Mongols came right upto the bank of the Indus river and threatened
Iltutmish's empire. The ruler of Khawarizm requested Iltutmish to provide him shelter. But
sensing the danger of Mongol attack on his empire, he diplomatically refused him shelter.
This pleased Changez Khan, who went back without attacking Iltutmish's empire.
4 What was 'Chalisa'? Who organised it?
'Chalisa' or 'Corps of Forty Slaves' was a group of powerful Turkish nobles who were given
all high offices. The Chalisa was organised by Iltutmish.
5 Why did Iltutmish nominate his daughter Razia as his successor?
Iltutmish did not consider any of his sons worthy of becoming a Sultan. That is why, he
nominated his daughter, Razia as his successor as she was an able and brave ruler.
6 What measures did Balban take to combat the Mongol threat?
Balban took various measures to combat the continuous raids of the Mongols. He ordered
reconstruction of old forts and construction of new forts along the northwest frontier. He kept
a strong standing army and appointed his two sons, Muhammad and Bughra Khan as
governors of the frontier provinces. They inflicted a crushing defeat on the mongols when
they invaded Punjab and thus, saved the country from Mongol menace.
7 What steps were taken by Balban to enhance the prestige of the King?
To enhance the prestige of the king, Balban advocated the divine origin of kingship and
called the king as representative of God on Earth. He introduced the practice of Sijda and
Paibos in the court. Sijda means the practice of kneeling and touching the ground with one's
forehead and 'Paibos' is the practice of kissing the king's feet.
8 Why did the slave dynasty decline?
After the death of Balban in 1286, his successors were weak and inefficient. Therefore, after
four years of his death, the Slave dynasty came to an end and was replaced by the Khalji
dynasty
