HISTORICAL FOUNDAITON OF PHYSICAL EDUCAITON

EVOLUGION OF PHYSICAL EDUCAITON.

Why and how did P.E. originate and continued to exist in various forms up to today?

- P.R. originated in the Greek states- Sparta Athens.

A. P.E IN SPARTA

- P.E was used as an art of war and suppression during Greek’s refusal

- P.E directed military training for boys of 7 years old and this was done in barracks up to

soldierhood with strict compliments to two ideals namely

1) One quality ideal

2) Heroic ideal

Enforced by senior and qualified soldier who had unlimited powers to punish for any deviance.

- Due to their professional military approach Sparta achieved all time state stability and unity.

- The concept was copied by a no. Of European due to its military success.

- Sparteans had no room amusement as in poetry literacy and music, the woman’s role was

child bearing.

P.E in Athens

 The Athenian philosophy of P.E was an antithesis of the sparteans.

 P.E was used as an instrument for the development of perpetuation of democracy and a full

concept of human development.

Democracy manifested itself through

a. Equality of all before the law.

b. Social responsibility accredited (given) due to ability.

c. Military concept was moderate and more was on amusement and shows e.g. Olympic games .

d. P.E was also used for recreation and physical therapy.

 P.E in Rome was both a synthesis and on modification of the Greek’s philosophy of P.E (they

modified).

 Initially P.E was used as an instrument for perpetuating (advancing)its imperialist (dominate)

policies.

 Due to its later use of mercenaries and the introduction of the educational dispensation called

scholarsticism.

 Rome bean to use P.E for recreational purposes only.

P.E during the dark ages (4704 AD) 5th century.

This period is well known for its background that accompanied the all of the Roman empire in terms

of learning, public works and government.

As barbarians were a nomadic people were interested only in hunting, farming and outdoor sports and

warfare.

Very little of P.E was done for building strong and physically fit bodies.

Two movements took advantage of the pagan and immoral Rome to thrive and these were:

a) Ascetism : which believed in the purity of the spirit and gave rise to spread of Christianity and

had no room f or bodily aspect like physical activities

b) Scholasticm: who emphasis was on the development of mental intellectual powers with no

emphasis on the physical.

P.E During the Fued alim 9th-14 century

This is the 9th – 14th C

 Feudalism arose because people need security & protection because there is no government

due to barbar 33ian invasion and conquest

 People turned to nobleman who castle for protection.

owned the land.

 Education was for the nobleman or the Lord’s family while P.E was only done by boys who

chose a carrier in military.

 Another form of education for boys was the clergy whose courses were only religious and

academic in nature.

P.E during the Renaisance (4th – 6th century)

 This was on aid of great progress to human kind.

 This marked the rebirth of learning, belief in human dignity, spirit of nationalism as opposed

to individualism increase in trade exploration.

 Ascetism was lost.

 P.E consciousness was promoted during the renaissance.

 It was promoted through the theory that the body and soul was inseparable and non was more

important the other.

 Various aims of P.E as known today were exposed e.g. health, fitness recreation competitions

e.t.c

P.E in Europe

 In communist and socialist countries life Russsia, Cuba and Czechoslovancia. P.E was for the

enhancement for the spirit of patriotism and unity (political approach philosophy).

 In Germany P.E was militaristic.

 Germany’s blend of P.E was a direct response to the Napoleon wars of 18 th century and P.E

was used in the Turnverein movement were adults were forced into the army and undergo

military training up to soldierhood.

 Britain’s Philosophy of P.E was initially militaristic as a result of the Spartion approach

which Britain copied.

 Later P.E was for Recreation by the ruling class only while the
  Britain’s philosophy of P.E was initially militaristic as a result of the Spartian approach which

Britain copied.

 Later P.E was used for recreation by the ruling class only while the rest continued with the

military approach in the army.

 In Sweden PE was for cultural revival and therapy.

 In Denmark and Italy .E was both militaristic and therapeutic.

P.E in USA

 USA’s philosophy of PE was initially on impact of immigrants to USA from Germany and

Scandinavian countries. Later P.E was used as a unifying instruments through shows and

other games of all the 48 states of USA (unity).

 Because of its economic might US initiated a lot of modification and innovations in PE as in

sport diversity and technology as well as patriotism.

Summary of P.E in olden days.

 Used for military conquest

 Political emancipation.

 Fitness and recreation- Sparta and Athens)

 Development of Democracy

 Cultural revival

 Entertainment

 Used for therapeutic purposes

 Used for sporting.