REVIEWER IN PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT 11

Self – Is the union of elements: body, thoughts, Self-concept is ORGANIZED – means that a person
feelings or emotions, and sensations that constitute may hear other people's point of view regarding
the individuality and identity of a person. him/her but will keep on believing that what he/she
thinks of himself/herself is always the right one.
Limitations and Boundaries – In determining your
weaknesses, it gives us the opportunity to know Ideal Self – it is the self that you aspire to be. It is
your _______ and _______. the one that you hope will possess characteristics
similar to that of a mentor of some other worldly
Shortfalls
figure.
 Bad temper
Actual Self – It is the one that you actually see. It is
 Pride
the self that has characteristics that you were
 Impatience
nurtured or, in some cases, born to have.
 Fear
 Like or dislike Self-Knowledge – is derived from social
interactions that provide insight into how others
Self-Awareness – Is the ability to assess yourselves.
react to you.
This require you to pause and analyze what you
think, feel and do. Self-Image – how others view us
Introspection – Is the ability to reflect and think Self-esteem – is the belief and confidence in your
about your thoughts, feelings and actions, is own ability and value.
essential in understanding and improving yourself.
SIGMUND FREUD’S THEORY OF
Self-Concept – one's abstract and general idea about PERSONALITY
him/herself particularly toward his/her unique
 Id – instincts. Unconscious. Pleasure
personality and his/her own perception about his/her
oriented and selfish. Driven by 'pleasure
set of values, point of views and behavior.
principle'. Insatiable instincts present from
Self-Development – Is a process of discovering birth.
oneself by realizing one’s potentials and  Ego – reality. Conscious. Rational, driven by
capabilities, and it is also shaped over time. the 'reality principle'. Balances conflicting
demands of the Id and Superego.
Socrates – he said "An unexamined life is not worth
 Superego – morality. Last part of personality
living"
to develop. Develops through socialization.
Thomas Hobbes – a man who investigates Concerned with morality, right and wrong.
himself/herself and considers expecting on what
STAGES OF ADOLESCENCE
he/she did or what he/she thinks, reasons, hopes
and/or fears and to what grounds he/she feels all  Early Adolescence (10-13 years)
these can consequently learn how to read and learn  Middle Adolescence (14- 17 years)
others' thoughts and passions in similar occasions.  Late Adolescence (18-21 years)
Rene Descartes – Father of Modern Philosophy. A Adolescence – is the mental change from being an
person's existence depends on his/her perception. child to being an adult.
Self-concept is LEARNED – self-concept can only Puberty – is the changes to the body from childhood
be acquired as soon as the person learns how to to adulthood.
mingle with others and so this indicates that self-
concept is influenced by the person's environment
and can be a product of the person's socialization
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Adulthood – it is the period in the human lifespan in  Roles – Although the roles seem separate
which full physical and intellectual maturity have and different from each other, we must learn
been attained. to integrate all these roles.
 Material Poverty – There are a lot of stories
WAYS ON HOW TO BECOME A RESPONSIBLE
about adolescents who are going through
ADOLESCENCE
various types of financial difficulties.
 Yearn to learn  Parents Working Abroad – Several studies
 Doing the chores show that migration is indeed heartbreaking,
 Embrace your race making them long for parental care, and
 Being Good Citizen even develop consumerist attitudes.
 Do you share for cleaner air  Career Choice – Adolescents feel that there
is an urgent need to identify what course to
WAYS TO BECOME CAPABLE AND
take in college and establish a career in
RESPONSIBLE ADULT
future.
 Set your own goals in life  Relationships – Maintaining relationships
 Know your limit, learn to control yourself require certain level of maturity.
 Always think positive  Values and Beliefs – Different people may
 Believe in yourself and stop comparing endorse conflicting values and beliefs.
yourself with others
Holistic Development – Emphasizes the complete
 Have strong relation with God
aspects of a person or his totality.
THE CHALLENGES DURING MIDDLE AND
Dualism – Is dynamism between two forces in
LATE ADOLESCENCE
nature, and that force is present in each other and
 Attitudes and behavior toward sexuality and will never exist in its purest form.
sexual relationship – Adolescents exploring
Holism – Defined as something that is made of
their sexuality should be able to draw their
many parts and yet is somehow more than or
limits in terms of sexual expressions and
different from the combination of its part.
should be responsible to see the
consequences of their behavior. 5 VARIOUS ASPECTS OF HOLISTIC
 Academic Concerns – The role of a student DEVELOPMENT OF A PERSON
is the primary role of an adolescent who is
 Physiological
still in school.
 Cognitive
 Group Belongingness – While there is an
 Psychological
urge to be independent and autonomous
 Social
from family members, there is also an urge
 Spiritual
to seek a replacement of this support system.
 Health and Nutrition – Adolescents, because Cognitive – The intellectual functions of the mind:
of their growing bodies and brains, are Thinking, responding, reasoning, analyzing,
gifted with so much energy that seems projecting, synthesizing, recalling, and assessing.
inexhaustible, resulting to abuse of body and
Social – The manner by which an individual
mind.
interacts with other individuals or groups of
 Developing Self-Esteem – Adolescents who
individuals.
are creating their self-identity should be
objective and balanced when viewing
themselves.
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Spiritual – The attribute of a person’s consciousness  Temporal Lobe – It is used in speech,
and beliefs, including the values and virtues that memory, and auditory
guides and put meaning into a person's life.  Broca’s Area – It is in the temporal
lobe wherein speech production
Movare – A Latin verb meaning to move or be upset
takes place.
or agitated.
 Wernicke's Area – It is in the
Emotions – The person's physical response include temporal lobe wherein language
faster heartbeat, profuse sweating, and dilation of comprehension takes place.
eye pupils, higher blood pressure, and muscular  Frontal Lobe – It is used in problem solving,
tremors, affecting the nervous system in general. planning, and emotions.
 Problem Solving
SIX BASICS EMOTIONS
 Planning
 Happiness  Emotions
 Sadness  Reasonings
 Fear  Parietal Lobe – Used in perception,
 Anger orientation, movement, and recognition.
 Surprise  Perception
 Disgust  Orientation
 Movement
Feelings – Arises from the brain as it interprets an
 Recognition
emotion, which is usually caused by physical
 Occipital Lobe – It is primarily used in
sensations experienced by the body as a reaction to
processing of visual information.
a certain external stimulus.
 Processing od visual information
Brain – An organ located within the skull, it
Prefrontal Cortex – It is involved in logic, planning,
functions as an organizer and distributor of
decision-making, working memory, emotional
information throughout the body.
regulation, impulse control, and social behavior.
3 MAIN PARTS OF THE BRAIN
Limbic System – It is involved in processing and
 Cerebrum – It is the largest part of the brain, regulating emotions, memory, and motivation.
it controls activity, thoughts, and emotions it
3 FACTORS THAT AFFECT MENTAL HELATH
is used in critical thinking, problem solving,
and logical thinking.  Biological
 Cerebellum – It is located under the  Psychological
Cerebrum, it's function is to  Environmental
control/maintain balance, movement,
Biological Factors – Caused by genetic makeup that
posture, and coordination
a certain mental condition tuns in the family.
 Brainstem – It connects the brain and spinal
cord; it is an automatic function. Psychological Factors – Trauma or abuse, physical
abuse, verbal, emotional, and sexual abuse can lead
Neurotransmission – It is how messages travel
to mental illness or disorders.
between braincells.
Environmental Factors – Unemployment can put
Neuroplasticity – It is the brains ability to change
extreme mental health pressure on the person.
based on exercises.
4 PARTS OF THE CEREBRUM
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Stress – Refers to the total response of an individual
to what may be perceived as harmful or dangerous
stimulus in his/her external environment.
TYPES OF STRESS
Eustress – Positive stress. This gives one a feeling
of fulfillment. Examples are winning a contest and
going on a roller-coaster ride.
Distress – Negative stress brought about by
unfavorable events such as losing a loved one or
being terminated from a job.
Hypostress – Under stress or lack of stress.
Examples are boredom and hopelessness.
Hyperstress – Overstress. This happens when one is
pushed beyond what he/she can handle.
Stressors - Cause/s of stress.