Crim 3

MENTAL DISORDER

broad term used to group physical and psychological symptoms that cause abnormal thoughts and
behaviors.

-mental illnesses

MENTAL ILLNESS

-cause abnormal behavior that is disruptive to a persons life.

may be associated with the brain, but they have more in common with other bodily illnesses than
they do differences.

NEUROSIS

also known as psychoneurosis or neurotic disorder

• involves impaired social, intellectual and/or vocational functioning without disorganization of

personality or loss of contact with reality.

SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHONEUROSIS

Anxiety Reaction

-diffused fearfulness, tension, and restlessness with sometimes snowball into episodes of panic.

Dissociative Reaction

- is a massive repression or dissociation of certain aspect of experience or memory varying in

intensity from sleepwalking to amnesias ad multiple personality disturbances.

Conversion Reaction

- illustrates symbolic resolution of conflict that imitates the effects of physical illnesses like paralysis,
blindness, anesthesia, etc.

Phobic Reaction

-refers to intense, irrational fear of specific objects or events that may have a symbolic signiticance on
the afflicted individual.

Obsessive- Compulsive Reaction

has repetitive, irrational thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) which usually involve
some symbolic effort at conflict resolution.

Depressive Reaction

reefers to depression, usually accompanied by guilt, feelings of inferiority, and anxiety.

PSYCHOSIS (Loss of contact with reality.)

• came from the word psyche, for mind/soul, and osis, for abnormal condition.

abnormal condition of the

mind
SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOSIS

Involution Reaction

-demonstrates severe depression during the involution period without previous history of psychosis.

Affective Reaction

- there is a presence of inappropriately exaggerated mood and marked change in activity level with
associated thought disorder.

Manic-Depressive Reaction

shows clinical disturbances involving various combinations of alternation between excitement and
delusional depression on the other hand.

Schizophrenia Reaction

-are bizarre behavior; disturbances of thought and reality testing; emotional withdrawal;

varying levels of psychotic thinking and behavior.

ANXIETY DISORDER

• is a psychological disorder that involves excessive levels of negative emotions, such as nervousness,
tension, worry, fright and anxiety.

FEAR

-emotional and physiological response to a recognized external threat or a esponse to a real danger
or threat

SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY DISORDER

a. Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness

b. Uncontrollable, obsessive thoughts

c. Repeated thoughts or flashbacks of traumatic experiences

d. Nightmares

e. Ritualistic behaviors, such as repeated hand washing

f. Problems sleeping

g. Cold or sweaty hands and/or feet

h. shortness of breath

i. Palpitations

j. An inability to be still and calm

k. Dry mouth

l. Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet

m. Nausea

n. Muscle tension and,

o.Dizziness

TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDER

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

-involves excessive, unrealistic worry and tension, even if there is a little or nothing to provoke the
anxiety.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

People with OCD are plagued by constant thoughts or fears that cause them to perform certain
rituals or routines. The disturbing thoughts are called, Obsession.

Obsession- are anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away

Example: one may have repetitive thoughts of killing a child, of becoming contaminated by a
handshake or of having unknowingly hurt someone in traffic accident; and rituals are called
Compulsion- are irresistible urges to engage in behaviors

Panic-Disorder

- this disorder keeps recurring attacks to a person of intense fear or panic, often with feelings of
impending doom of death. People with this condition have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and
repeatedly with no warning.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

- is a condition that can develop following a traumatic and/or terrifying event, such as a sexual or
physical assault, the unexpected death of love one, or a natural disaster. People with PTSD often have
lasting and frightening thoughts and memories of the event, and tend to be emotionally numb.

Specific Phobias

-is an intense fear of specific object or situation, such as snakes, heights or flying.

Phobia is an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of specific situation, activity or object.

Social Anxiety Disorder

-also called as social phobia.

-it involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations.

THREE TYPES OF ANXIETY (Freud)

1. Reality Anxiety - refers to fear of real dangers in the external world.

2. Neurotic Anxiety - refers to fear that instincts will get out of control and cause the person to do
something for which he or she will be punished.

3. Moral Anxiety - refers to the fear of the conscience.

People with well-developed superegos tend to féel guilty when they do something for whichthe or
she will be punished.
DELUSIONAL DISORDER referred to as paranoia; delusions are false, sometimes even preposterous,
beliefs that are not part of the person's culture.

derived from the Greek word paranous (paranoia).

Para means besides, while nous means mind (mind besides itself)

SEVEN (7) TYPES OF DELUSIONAL DISORDER

1. Persecutory Type (Delusion of

Persecution)

2. Jealous Type

3. Erotomanic Type

4. Grandiose Type (Delusion of

Grandeur)

5. Somatic Type

6. Mixed Type

7. Unspecified Type

CAUSES OF DELUSIONAL DISORDER

1. Genetic

2. Biological

3. Environmental/Psychological

Mood disorder

are disorders characterized by extreme and unwanted disturbances in feeling or mood.

These are major disturbances in one's condition or emotion, such as depression and mania.

Also known as affective disorder.

TYPES OF MOOD DISORDER

1. Bipolar Disorder

-formerly known as manic-depression, there are swings in mood from elation (extreme happiness) to
depression (extreme sadness) with no external cause.

Manic Phase

patient may show excessive, unwarranted excitement or silliness, carrying jokes too far. They may
also show poor judgement and recklessness and may be argumentative.

Depressive Episode
bipolar depressed patients often sleep more than usual and are lethargic. Patient may show
irritability and withdrawal.

THREE TYPES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

a. Major Depressive Disorder

A person suffering from major depressive disorder is in a depressed mood for most of the day, nearly
everyday or has lost interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities, for a period of at least two
weeks.

b. Single Episode

-is like major depression only it strikes in one dramatic episode.

c. Recurrent

is an extended pattern of depressed episodes. Depressed episodes can include any of the features of
major depressive disorder

PERSONALITY DISORDER

are chronic maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into the
individual's personality and that are troublesome to others whose pleasure sources are either
harmful or illegal.

TEN (10) TYPES OF PERSONALITY DISORDER (Cluster A, B & C)

Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Behaviors

1. Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD)

-those with SPD may be perceived by others as somber, aloof and often are referred,

loners.

2. Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD)

they are prone to unjustified angry or aggressive outbursts when they perceive others as disloyal or
deceitful, those with PPD more often come across as emotionally cold or excessively serious.

3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD)

-this disorder is characterized both by a need of isolation as well as odd, outlandish, or paranoid
beliefs. Some researchers suggest this disorder is less severe than schizophrenia.

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behaviors

1. Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

-it is characterized by a lack of empathy or conscience, a difficulty controlling impulses and

manipulative behaviors. Antisocial behavior in people less than 18 years old is called coduct disorder.

2.Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

-this mental illness interferes with an individual's ability to regulate emotion. Borderlines are highly
sensitive to rejection, and fear of abandonment may result in frantic efforts to avoid being left alone,
such as suicide threats and attempts.

3.Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)

-characterized primarily by grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. Narcissistic tend to
be extremely self-absorbed, intolerant of others perspectives, insensitive to others, needs and
indifferent to the effect of their own egocentric behavior.

Cluster C: Anxious, Fearful Behaviors

1. Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD)

- those with avoidant personalities are often hypertensive to rejection and unwilling to take social
risks.

2. Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD)

-they typically exhibits a pattern of needy and submissive behavior, and rely on others to make
decisions of them.

3. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

individual with OCPD, are so focused on order and perfection that their lack of flexibility interferes
with productivity and efficiency.

SOMATOFORM DISORDER

is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that mimic physical cause.