tổng hợp

Bộ tài liệu Giải đề thi thật

writing và speaking
band 7+
Được IELTS examiners review
Tổng hợp bài mẫu Writing và Speaking band 7+ test 1 - Speaking

Part 1

H o u s e wo r k a n d C o o k i n g

1 • Do you do some cooking or help your family cook at home now?

Actually, because I have a full-time job and do some other projects at the same time

to earn money, it's hard for me to be in the kitchen and prepare a meal for my family.

So most of the time, my mom is the main chef in my family and I would give her

some help sometimes on the weekends when I am not busy.

chef (n): đầu bếp

2 • Did you do some house cleaning when you were young?

Yes, it was my responsibility to help around the house because my parents were

working full-time and they often came home pretty late in the evening. Everyday I

spent around 30 minutes or even an hour cleaning our bathroom, doing laundry

and mopping the floor. It wasn't a big deal because I usually divided up the

chores and to be honest, I had quite a lot of free time back then.

do laundry (phrase): gi t gi ặ ũ
mop the floor (phrase): lau nh à
chore (n): vi c nhệ à

3 • Do you ha e v breakfast at home everyday?

Most of the time, I do. I rarely go to work without having a cup of coffee or a bowl of
rice porridge. I often eat a lot of carbs for breakfast because I want to energize my

brain for a new day. However, I’m going on a diet right now so I’m trying to cut down

my daily carbohydrate intake and consume more protein and vitamins in the

morning.

porridge (n): ch o á
carbohydrate (n): tinh b t ộ
intake (n): n p ạ

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e a p l ac e

yo u w o u l d l i k e t o g o t o r e l a x

You should say:

Where it is

When you would like to go there

What you would do there

And explain why you would like to go to this place to relax

Model answer:

There's this place I've always wanted to go to relax. It's a small, secluded beach

located on the coast of Bali, Indonesia. I've heard from friends, and, you know, seen in

pictures, that it's absolutely serene and breathtaking.

I'd like to go there, probably, during the summer months when the weather is just

perfect for a beach holiday. The idea is to escape the hustle and bustle of city life,

especially after, let's say, a busy period at work.

While I'm there, I'd spend my time doing a mix of activities. Mornings would be for

yoga by the sea, feeling the fresh ocean breeze. It's something I've always found

quite rejuvenating. And then, maybe, I'd go for a swim or try snorkeling to see the

colorful marine life. I've always been fascinated by underwater ecosystems since that

trip to the aquarium when I was a kid.

Evenings would be more about relaxation, perhaps reading a book while listening to

the waves or walking along the beach at sunset. There's something about sunsets by

the beach, they're just magical, aren't they?

The reason I'd choose this place for relaxation is, well, it combines natural beauty with

a peaceful environment. Being close to nature, especially the ocean, has always had a

calming effect on me. And I believe such a setting would be ideal to unwind and

recharge.

( ) ẻ á
secluded adj : h o l nh

( ) ì
serene adj : thanh b nh, y n t nh ê ĩ

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breathtaking (adj): ngoạn mục

hustle (n): nhộn nhịp

bustle (n): sự hối hả

breeze (n): gió nhẹ

rejuvenating (adj): tái sinh, làm cho tươi mới

snorkeling (n): lặn với ống thở

marine (adj): thuộc về biển

setting (n): bối cảnh

unwind (v): thư giãn

recharge (v): nạp lại năng lượng

Part 3

1 • Do people have enough places to relax in your country?

In Vietnam, the availability of leisure spaces is quite extensive, however, the quality of

these places varies. Urban parks and recreational areas offer tranquility, but they are

often crowded because we need more of them in big cities/metropolitan areas. In

contrast, serene natural spots such as Ha Giang or Sapa - the majestic northern

uplands, or Da Lat plateau are becoming go-to places for many urban residents.

urban (adj): đô thị

recreational (adj): giải trí

tranquility (n): sự yên tĩnh

metropolitan (adj): thuộc về đô thị

majestic (adj): hùng vĩ

2 • What do people usually do when they are relaxed?

When people seek relaxation, they commonly engage in activities that alleviate

stress. Reading, for instance, transports individuals to different worlds, providing

mental escapism. Similarly, engaging in hobbies such as gardening or painting

fosters a sense of accomplishment, promoting a relaxed state of mind.

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escapism (n): sự thoát ly

accomplishment (n): thành tựu

state (n): trạng thái, điều kiện

Do you think that spending time in front of a screen


3 •
helps people relax?

I kinda doubt it, while screens offer various forms of entertainment, their role in this is

debatable. Excessive screen time, especially before bedtime, can disrupt sleep

patterns, leading to heightened stress levels. On the other hand, mindful

consumption of soothing content, such as nature documentaries or calming music,

can contribute positively to relaxation, so I guess striking a balance is crucial.

debatable (adj): có thể tranh luận

excessive (adj): thái quá

ẫ
patterns (n): kiểu m u, thói quen
consumption (n): ti u th ê ụ

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Part 1

T e c h n o lo gy

1 • What technology do you often use, computers or cellphones?

As a teacher myself, I tend to use my computer more than my smartphone as the

laptop’s performance is superb when it comes to editing documents or making a

powerpoint presentation. I can open many tabs at the same time and switch to one

another without lag.

performance (n): hiệu năng

superb (adj): tuyệt vời

lag (n): đơ

2 • What electronic devices have you bought lately?

A few days ago, I bought a new Macbook in silver. The reason why I had to purchase
a new laptop is that my previous computer screen was shown to have a few black

z
hori ontal lines. They didn't really hinder any of my activities during, but the stripes
increased day by day. So I decided to be frugal in a month so as to buy this

Macbook.
hinder (v): c n trả ở
ằ
frugal (adj): t n tiện

3 • Are there any technologies you want to buy?

At the moment, I am con en t
t with all of the gadgets that I’m using now. However, if
I have the chance, I would like to purchase the new wireless headset of Sony that

has just been released this year. It has a hands-free call function, which allows me

to take or end a phone call without using the phone.

ằ
be content with (adj): b ng l ng v i ò ớ
wireless (adj): kh ng d yô â
-
hands free (adj): r nh tay ả

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e s o m e t h i n g

yo u d i d o r yo u n e e d t o d o
q u i c k ly i n a s h o r t t i m e

You should say:

What it was

Why you did it or why you need to do it

How you did it

And explain how you felt/feel about it

Model answer:

Well, I recently had to complete a school project that required me to do research and

prepare a presentation within a very tight deadline. The project was about climate

change and its impact on the environment.

I had to do it quickly because the deadline was approaching rapidly, and there was a

lot of information to gather and organize. I felt the urgency to complete it on time

because it was a significant part of my grade, and I wanted to do well in the subject.

To get started, I began by searching for reliable sources of information online and at the

library. I also interviewed a local environmental expert to gain more insights. After

gathering all the data, I organized it into a coherent presentation, making sure to

paraphrase the key information to avoid plagiarism.

The whole process was quite challenging and required me to work long hours and

stay focused. I used various online tools to create engaging visuals for my

presentation. I also rehearsed several times to ensure I could present it effectively.

In the end, I managed to complete the project on time, and I felt a sense of

accomplishment. Although it was stressful, I learned a lot about time management

and research skills, which will undoubtedly be valuable in my future academic

endeavors.

( ) ạ
tight deadline phrase : h n ch t g p r tó ấ ú
( ) í
urgency n : t nh kh n c pẩ ấ

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insights (n): hiểu biết sâu sắc

plagiarism (n): đạo văn

challenging (adj): đầy thử thách

visuals (n): hình ảnh trực quan

accomplishment (n): thành tựu

academic (adj): thuộc về học thuật

endeavor (n): nỗ lực

Part 3

1 • On what occasions do people have to do things in a hurry?

There are many cases that require people to rush, as they can often find themselves
in a rush during critical deadlines, urgent meetings, or unforeseen emergencies.

These situations demand swift decision-making and prompt action, leaving

individuals with little time for contemplation.

Rush (v): vội vã

Deadline (n): hạn chót
Swift (adj): nhanh chóng
Prompt (adj): kịp thời
Contemplation (n): sự suy ngẫm

2 • Why do some people spend a long time on having a meal?

The pace of meal consumption can vary based on cultural practices, social settings, or
personal preferences. Some individuals savor meals as a social event, appreciating

the flavors and engaging in leisurely conversation. Others may prioritize efficiency

but still enjoy a culinary experience, taking time to relish each bite and appreciate the

artistry of the cuisine. For example, in some 2 or 3-star Michelin restaurants, a meal

could take hours, as it is not simply a fare; it can be elevated as a unique experience

where customers can listen to the chef’s stories and what the food has to offer.

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Savor (v): thưởng thức

Leisurely (adj): thư giãn

Efficiency (n): hiệu quả

Relish (v): tận hưởng

Fare (n): món ăn

Elevated (adj): nâng cao, được cải thiện

Would people feel more satisfied if they finished doing


3 •
something quickly?

It depends though. While completing tasks quickly may offer a sense of

accomplishment, true satisfaction often stems from the quality of the outcome.
Rushed work may lead to errors, diminishing overall satisfaction. Striking a balance

between efficiency and precision is crucial for a fulfilling sense of achievement


I guess.
Accomplishment (n): thành tựu
Quality (n): chất lượng
ỗ ự sai sót
Errors (n): l i, s

Efficiency (n): hiệu quả

Precision (n): độ chính xác

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Part 1

W e at h e r

1 • What is the weather like where you live?

Well, I would say that the weather is relatively pleasant where I live. Maybe I have

lived here long enough to say that. Since Vietnam is a tropical country, I suppose

the winter is not that cold compared to those in the temperate climate while it

can be boiling hot from June to August.

relatively (adj): khá là

pleasant (noun): dễ chịu

tropical (adj): nhiệt đới

temperate (adj): ôn đới

ó
boiling hot (adj): n ng ch y m ả ỡ

2 • Do you prefer cold or hot weather?

I love colder weather more than hotter one because I love layering. I guess it is easy

to style clothes when the temperature is around 15 to 25 degree Celsius. In hot

weather, especially one with high humidity, I would sweat profusely, which
makes me very conscious of body odor and things like that.
humidity (noun): đ ộ ẩm
sweat (verb): toát m ồ hôi
profusely (adv): đ m đ a ầ ì
conscious (adj): đ ể ý đến thứ gì đó

3 • Are there any technologies you want to buy?

Of course dry weather. I must say I'm extra moody when it's freezingly cold and
wet outside. All I want to do is to curl up in bed at home and do nothing. When it's all

bright and sunny, I just can't say enough good things about it.

z
free ingly cold (noun): r t c m c m é ă ă

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e a t i m e

w h e n yo u u s e d a pa p e r m a p

You should say:

When you used the map

Where you were

Why you used a paper map

And explain how you felt about the experience

Model answer:

I remember a time when I actually had to use a physical map during a family road trip a

couple of years ago. We were on a vacation in a remote area in the countryside, far

away from the city, where GPS signals were weak and unreliable.

It was a beautiful but unfamiliar place, and we decided to explore the scenic routes,

which weren't well-documented on digital maps. We found ourselves in a situation

where we needed directions to get back to our accommodation, and luckily I have

always had a habit of collecting paper maps for just-in-case situations, especially

when my device goes out of battery.

Using the paper map felt like a bit of an adventure. It was a large, foldable map of the

region, and we had to figure out our current location and trace our route back to

where we needed to be. It was a collaborative effort, with my family members taking

turns to read the map and provide directions.

The experience was both nostalgic and refreshing. Navigating with a paper map

made us feel more connected to the surroundings, as we had to pay closer attention to

landmarks and road signs. It also brought a sense of camaraderie among us as we

worked together to find our way.

Overall, using a paper map in that situation was a memorable and enjoyable

experience. It reminded us of simpler times before the ubiquity of digital navigation

tools, and it added an element of excitement to our road trip.

Remote (adj): xa xôi, hẻo lánh

( )
Unreliable adj : kh ng ô đáng tin cậy

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Unfamiliar (adj): không quen thuộc

Scenic (adj): có phong cảnh đẹp

Accommodation (n): chỗ ở

Foldable (adj): gập lại được

Route (n): lộ trình, con đường đi đến một địa điểm.

Nostalgic (adj): hoài niệm

Refreshing (adj): sảng khoái

Camaraderie (n): tình bạn, tình đồng chí

Memorable (adj): đáng nhớ

Ubiquity (n): sự hiện diện phổ biến

Excitement (n): sự phấn khích

Part 3

1 • What do people usually do when they get lost?

Uh, when people get lost, they might, you know, ask for directions from locals or try to

find a map or GPS to navigate their way. It's common to seek help from friendly

passersby who can guide you back to your destination. So, people here tend to rely

on the kindness of others and technology to find their way when they can't pinpoint

their exact location.

GPS (n): hệ thống định vị toàn cầu

Passersby (n): người đi qua

Pinpoint (v): xác định chính xác

2 • Why do some people spend a long time on having a meal?

Well, when it comes to the distinctions bet ween paper and digital maps, there are

several key factors to consider. Firstly, on paper maps, information is static, whereas

digital maps can be updated in real-time, pro iding current

v data. Secondly, paper

maps are physical and require storage and maintenance, while digital maps are

easily accessible on devices. Additionally, digital maps often offer interactive

features like zooming and searching, enhancing user experience. Ho wever, some

may argue that paper maps have a nostalgic charm and don t rel' y on technology. So,

the choice between them depends on your preferences and the specific use case.

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Distinctions (n): sự phân biệt

Static (adj): tĩnh

Real-time (adj): thời gian thực

Maintenance (n): bảo trì

Interactive (adj): tương tác

Experience (n): trải nghiệm

Charm (n): sức hút

Use case (n): trường hợp sử dụng

3 • What do you think of in-car GPS navigation systems?

In-car GPS navigation systems have revolutionized the way we navigate roads, I
suppose. They offer several advantages. The first benefit I can see is that they

provide real-time directions, helping drivers reach their destinations more efficiently.

Secondly, they often include traffic updates, helping users avoid congestion and

save time. However, they can be costly to install or update, and they rely on technology,

which can sometimes fail or become outdated. Nevertheless, in general, I have to say
they are a valuable tool for modern travelers and have significantly improved the

overall driving experience.

u z
Revol tioni ed (v): cách m ng h a ạ ó
Advantages (n): lợi thế
Real-time (adj): thời gian thực

Congestion (n): ùn tắc

Outdated (adj): lỗi thời
Driving experience (n): trải nghiệm lái xe

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Part 1

B i r t h day

1 • What do you usually do on your birthday?

Well, as someone who is super family-oriented, on such special occasions like

that, I’d definitely replace screen time with high-quality family time. To be more

specific, my whole family would either enjoy a delicious home-made meal or eat out

at a luxurious restaurant near our residential area to celebrate my birthday.

Family-oriented (adj): một người hướng về gia đình

2 • What did you do on your birthday when you were young?

Well, if memory serves, when I was a little girl, my parents had a strong tendency to

throw a birthday party for me, and normally they would allow me to invite all of my

close friends to join in. Had it not been for my considerate mom and dad, I’d never

have had so much fun with both my family members and my best buddies on those

days.

considerate (adj): chu đáo

Who do you usually celebrate your birthday with?


3 •
Friends or family?

As I’ve just mentioned before, when I was a kid, I found it quite enjoyable to hold a

party with the presence of my family and my besties. However, as I became more

mature, I have realized that my birthday was also an opportunity for me to express

my deep gratitude to my mom, the woman who sacrificed so much to give birth

to me. That’s why I’m now more into celebrating my special day with my family,

especially my mom.

express (v): bày tỏ

deep gratitude (phrase): lòng biết ơn chân thành

sacrify (v): hi sinh

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e a j o b

yo u w o u l d n o t l i k e t o d o .

You should say:

What the job is

How do you know about it

Whether it is an easy or difficult job

And explain why you would not like to do it

Model answer:

One job that I would not like to do is working as a

sewer maintenance worker. I've
learned about this job through documentaries and news articles, and it appears to be a

very challenging and unpleasant profession.

Maintaining sewers involves entering underground tunnels and pipelines to clear

blockages, repair damages, and ensure the proper functioning of sewage systems.
The workers often have to deal with raw sewage, toxic gases, and cramped spaces.
The conditions can be hazardous to health, and the work is physically demanding.

I consider it a difficult job because it requires individuals to work in uncomfortable and

unsanitary environments, sometimes in extreme weather conditions. Moreover, the
risk to one's health and safety is relatively high due to exposure to harmful substances

and the potential for accidents.

The primary reason I wouldn't want to do this job is the unfavorable working conditions
and the potential health risks involved. I value a job that allows me to work in a clean,

safe, and comfortable environment, which is not the case for sewer maintenance

workers. Additionally, the nature of the work is not aligned with my interests and

preferences, as I would prefer a profession that involves less exposure to hazards and

more opportunities for personal growth and satisfaction.

Sewer (n): cống, hệ thống ống dẫn nước thải.

Maintenance (n): bảo trì
Challenging (adj): đầy thử thách

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Unpleasant (adj): khó chịu

Pipelines (n): ống dẫn

Blockages (n): sự tắc nghẽn

Toxic (adj): độc hại

Cramped (adj): chật chội

Hazardous (adj): nguy hiểm

Unsanitary (adj): không vệ sinh

Personal growth (n): sự phát triển cá nhân

Part 3

1 • What kind of jobs do young Vietnamese people like to do?

Many young people are pursuing new and fashionable professions, but not everyone is
succeeding. Fields such as technology, entrepreneurship, and creative industries

garner significant interest. Among the new professions are those with high flexibility,

such as a streamer (playing games, tasting food, singing, giving consultations…),

wedding planners, Tiktoker, KOL affiliates, and others. Experts say the young

generation today believes that a lot of knowledge can be found online, so they often do

not have solid expertise. Instead, they focus on skills that match their interests,

leading to freelance jobs.

Entrepreneurship (n): tinh thần khởi nghiệp

Flexibility (n): tính linh hoạt
Streamer (n): người phát trực tiếp
KOL affiliates (n): người có ảnh hưởng làm tiếp thị liên kết
Expertise (n): chuyên môn
Freelance (adj): làm việc tự do

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Do young Vietnamese prefer to choose an interesting job or


2 •
a job with a high salary?

I'm not sure though, but from my observations with those who live around me, I think

both cases happen. Some left behind their bachelor degrees, their office desks and

stable income to deliver goods or ferry passengers around, as a trade-off for better

earnings and more freedom. Many young Vietnamese start out working part-time

with Grab, putting in a full-day in an office and then becoming a motorbike taxi driver

in the evening. After a while, though, many decide to become full-time Grab riders.

Bachelor (n): bằng cử nhân

Stable (adj): ổn định

Income (n): thu nhập

Trade-off (n): sự đánh đổi

Freedom (n): tự do

3 • Do you thin k it is easier to get a job now than in the past?

Well, I think after the Covid pandemic, things have changed drastically; while a few
job opportunities have expanded, the competitive job market and slow economic

v y post-pandemic witnessed a massive job loss, and many businesses

reco er

have had to cut costs. So I guess securing employment today actually is more

challenging than before, and the job-seeking process demands more adaptability

and continuous skill development.

Drastically (adv): một cách mạnh mẽ

Recovery (n): sự phục hồi
Post-pandemic (adj): sau đại dịch
Witness (v): chứng kiến
Job loss (n): mất việc
Employment (n): việc làm
Adaptability (n): kh ả năng thích ứng

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Part 1

Writing

1 • What do you usually do on your birthday?

No, I don't. Partly because of my poor handwriting. You know, when I was a

student, my teachers kept complaining about this, and I have never got any high

marks in subjects that require a lot of writing - like literature.

Poor handwriting (n): Chữ viết tay xấu

2 • How has your handwriting changed?

My handwriting has drastically changed a lot. Sadly, it has been worse over time

simply because I usually use typing tools instead. Now, it is hard for me to write

things quickly; and my written versions are illegible.

Illegible (adj): Không thể đọc được

3 • Do you prefer typing or handwriting when you are writing?

I would probably go with typing. I believe that it is more convenient and efficient
than handwriting. If t ped y versions can be shared easily or edited neatly,

handwritten ones would be more time-consuming and hard to share.

Convenient (adj): Thuận tiện

Efficient (adj): hiệu quả
Typed version: Bản đánh máy >< Handwritten version: Bản viết tay

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e a p e r s o n yo u k n o w
w h o l i k e s t o ta l k a l o t

You should say:

Who this person is

How you knew this person

What he/she usually talks about

And explain how you felt about him/her

Model answer:

I know a person named S q

arah who is - c cc
uite well known in our so ial ir le for her

talkative .Ig
nature S
ot to know g , 'v
arah throu h a mutual friend and we e been part of

the same g roup for a few years now .

S arah is the kind of person who c strike up c v

an a on ersation with anyone and keep it

g g
oin for a long .S ' c
time outgoing
he s in redibly j gand en oys talkin about a wide

g
ran e of topi sc .S c he c g
an dis uss anythin v c
from the latest mo ies and books to urrent

v , c ,
e ents personal experien es and e en v random trivia. S ' g
he s also known for sharin

funny anecdotes .

and stories from her own life

Honestly , I v mixed g
ha e S '
feelin s about v .O , ' g
arah s talkati eness n one hand it s reat to

v
ha e someone in the g c
roup who c v
an keep lively engaging. S
on ersations and he

g c
has a lot of knowled e and experien es to share , c c whi h g an be interestin and

informative. O ,
n the other hand there are moments when her c gc onstant talkin an be

a bit overwhelming, c g
espe ially when someone else is tryin g
to share their thou hts

'
or when we re in a q g.

uiet settin

Ov , I
erall c S ' enthusiasm
appre iate arah s gatherings
and her ability to keep our

v ,
li ely but there are times when I dial it down
wish she would gv a bit to i e others a

c c
han e to speak and c c v
ontribute to the . on ersation

T v ( j) íc ó , ó
alkati e ad : th h n i hay n i

S (
trike up phrasal v ) ắ đầ (c ộc ò c ệ )
erb : b t u u tr huy n

O g g ( j) ướ g g ạ , íc g ế
ut oin ad : h n n o i th h iao ti p

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Random (adj): ngẫu nhiên

Trivia (n): thông tin vặt, sự thật nhỏ không quan trọng

Anecdotes (n): giai thoại, câu chuyện ngắn

Mixed (adj): lẫn lộn, pha trộn

Lively (adj): sôi nổi, nhộn nhịp

Engaging (adj): hấp dẫn, thu hút

Informative (adj): cung cấp thông tin, có tính chất thông tin

Overwhelming (adj): áp đảo, choáng ngợp

Enthusiasm (n): sự nhiệt t nh ì
Gatherings (n): buổi gặp gỡ, tụ họp
Dial it down (phrasal verb): giảm bớt, điều chỉnh lại

Part 3

1 • What communication skills does a talkative person have?

Sure, an eloquent communicator can possess different skills and abilities, such as
articulation, and the ability to engage others. Their proficiency in expressing
ideas and maintaining conversation often includes effective use of anecdotes and

persuasive language, creating a lively and interactive dialogue. They can also show
very consistent body language that guides their listeners better, and they usually

keep calm very well before and during a conversation to avoid negative non-verbal

signals.

eloquent (adj): h ng ù biện

á
articulation (n): sự ph t âm r õ ràng
engage (v): thu hú

à
proficiency (n): sự th nh thạo

anecdotes (n): chuyện vặt

ứ
persuasive (adj): có s c thuy t ph c ế ụ
body language (n): ngôn ngữ cơ thể
- b
non ver al (adj): phi ngôn ng ữ

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2 • Is it good to be talkative?

While talkativeness can foster sociability and open communication, its value

depends on the context. In social settings, being talkative enhances relationships, but

in professional environments, a balance with active listening is crucial for

effective communication.

sociability (n): sự hòa đồng

value (n): giá trị

context (n): bối cảnh

professional (adj): chuyên nghiệp

active listening (n): lắng nghe chủ động

3 • How should parents encourage their children?

Well, when it comes to encouraging children, parents can play a crucial role. I have to

say it's important for parents to provide emotional support. For instance, offering

praise and encouragement when their child achieves something, like a good score

on an IELTS test, can boost their confidence. Another thing is that parents can lead

by example. By demonstrating hard work and perseverance in their own lives,

teenagers in Vietnam can learn valuable life skills.

praise (n): lời khen

encouragement (n): sự khích lệ

confidence (n): sự tự tin

perseverance (n): sự kiên trì

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Part 1

S n ac k s

1 • What snacks do you like to eat?

There’s a variety of snacks that I like, but unfortunately this is extremely unhealthy,

so I have to restrict the amount of junk food that I eat everyday. However, the

type of snacks that I love would vary from crisps, ice cream.

A variety of (phrase): nhiều, đa dạng

Restrict (v): giới hạn

Junk food (phrase): đồ ăn nhanh, không tốt cho sức khỏe

C risp (n): bim bim

2 • D f
id you o ten eat snacks w hen you wr
e e youn g ?

As like every other child, I did have a s w eet toot h when I was a child. I

remembered craving for sweets all day long, it even g ot to a point wh ere I

insisted on my parents buying some for me, every single day.

Have a sweet tooth (idiom): th ch ăn đồ ng t í ọ

G et to a point where (phrase): đ n m t mức đ ế ộ ộ à
m ...

S weet (n): đồ ng t ọ
3 • D fr
o you think it is healthy o you to eat snacks?

W ell, I believe that almost every kind of snack is high in fat and sugar, which is the

h
c ief contri butor to people being over w gh
ei t and suscepti bl
e to other health

problems. However, we should also m x

ake an e ception for healthy snacks, which

have grown in popularity in recent years.

C j í
hief (ad ): ch nh, ch ủ ế y u

C ontributor (n): t c nh ná â
Overweight (ad ): th j ừ â ac n

S usceptible to something (ad ): d j ễ bị, dễ có khả năng

Make an exception for (phrase): loại trừ điều gì

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e a n i m p o r ta n t
j o u r n e y/ t r av e l yo u w e r e
l o o k i n g f o r wa r d t o t h at wa s
d e l ay e d

You should say:

When it was

Why it was important

How it was delayed

And how you felt about it

Model answer:

One of the most important journeys in my life that was significantly delayed was a trip

to attend my university graduation ceremony. It was scheduled for May 2020.

The importance of this journey cannot be overstated, as it marked the culmination of

years of hard work and dedication in my academic journey. Graduating from

university was a major milestone, and I was eager to celebrate it with my family and

friends.

Unfortunately, the journey was delayed due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. The

pandemic caused widespread disruptions, including travel restrictions and the

cancellation of large gatherings. As a result, my graduation ceremony was

postponed indefinitely, and I had to put my travel plans on hold.

At first, I felt quite disappointed and frustrated about the delay. It was challenging to

accept that the event I had been looking forward to for years was being postponed

indefinitely. However, as time passed, I began to understand the necessity of the

delay for public health and safety.

I eventually had a virtual graduation ceremony, which, while not the same as the


in-person experience I had envisioned, allowed me to celebrate my achievement

with my loved ones in a different way. Looking back, I realize that the delay was beyond

my control, and I'm grateful for the support of my family and friends during that time. It

taught me to adapt and find new ways to commemorate important moments in life,

even when faced with unexpected delays and challenges.

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Culmination (n.): đỉnh điểm, kết quả cuối cùng

Dedication (n.): sự cống hiến

Milestone (n.): cột mốc quan trọng

Eager (adj.): háo hức, nhiệt tình

Disruptions (n.): sự gián đoạn

Restrictions (n.): sự hạn chế

Postponed (v.): hoãn lại

Indefinitely (adv.): vô thời hạn

Frustrated (adj.): thất vọng
Necessity (n.): sự cần thiết
Virtual (adj.): ảo
Envisioned (v.): hình dung

Achievement (n.): thành tựu

Commemorate (v.): k ỷ niệm

Part 3

How to improve the traffic condition in a city?/What can the


1 •
government do to improve transport in your country?

Improving traffic conditions in a city is a multifaceted challenge, but it's essential

for urban areas. Investing in public transportation is key. Developing efficient
bus or subway systems can reduce the number of cars on the road, easing
congestion. Moreover, promoting alternative modes of transport like cycling and
walking can help. In Hanoi, for example, creating dedicated bike lanes and
pedestrian-friendly zones encourages people to opt for eco-friendly options.
Additionally, implementing smart traffic management systems, such as
synchronized traffic lights and real-time traffic updates, can enhance flow
and reduce bottlenecks.

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Multifaceted (adj): Đa dạng, nhiều khía cạnh

Challenge (n): Thách thức

Urban areas (n): Khu vực đô thị

Public transportation (n): Giao thông công cộng

Efficient (adj): Hiệu quả

Congestion (n): Tắc nghẽn

Congestion (n): Tắc nghẽn

Dedicated bike lanes (n): Làn đường dành riêng cho xe đạp

-
Pedestrian friendl y zones (n): Khu vực thân thiện với người đi bộ
-
Eco friendl y options (n): Lựa chọn thân thiện với môi trường
Smart traffic management systems (n): Hệ thống quản lý giao thông thông minh
Synchronized traffic lights (n): Đèn giao thông đồng bộ
Real-time traffic updates (n): Cập nhật giao thông theo thời gian thực
ă
Enhance (v): T ng cường

Bottlenecks (n): Điểm tắc nghẽn

2 • Do people still drive a car if public transportation is free of charge?

Well, uh, it's possible that some people might still drive even if public transportation is
free. You see, for some individuals, the convenience of having their own car might be

hard to give up. Take, for example, someone who lives in a remote area where public

transportation is limited. They might still prefer to drive to access more remote

locations. But, overall, if public transportation is free and efficient, it could encourage

more people to use it and reduce the number of cars on the road.
Convenience (n): Sự tiện lợi
Remote area/ remote locations (n): Khu vực hẻo lánh
Limited (adj): Hạn chế
Efficient (adj): Hiệu quả

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3 • How should parents encourage their children?

So, when it comes to developing transportation in rural areas, there are a few

strategies that can be considered. One approach is to invest in better road

infrastructure. For instance, in rural Vietnam, where I live, improving the quality of

roads connecting remote villages can make a big difference. This can make it easier

for people to access essential services and for goods to be transported more

efficiently. Additionally, introducing affordable and reliable public transportation

options in these areas can also encourage people to rely less on private vehicles.

This, uh, reduces congestion and benefits the environment too.

Strategies (n): Chiến lược

Road infrastructure (n): Cơ sở hạ tầng giao thông

Remote villages (n): Làng hẻo lánh

Efficiently (adv): Một cách hiệu quả

Affordable (ad ): j Giá cả phải chăng
Reliable (ad ): j Đáng tin cậy
Private vehicles (n): Phương tiện cá nhân

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Part 1

Singing

1 • Do you like singing? Why?

Yes, I certainly do, though I know that my voice sounds terrible cause I never sing in

tune. But how much does it matter, right? What I lack is ability, I’ll make up for it with

my enthusiasm. I usually sing when I’m taking a shower or doing household

chores. Bursting into song every once in a while makes me feel much better.

sing in tune (phrase): hát đúng giai điệu

enthusiasm (n): sự nhiệt huyết

bursting into song (phrase): hát lên một giai điệu

2 • Have you ever learnt how to sing?

Yes, I actually took music lessons during my primary and secondary school years.

However, if I have a chance, I’ll definitely join another singing class. I was told that I
had no sense of rhythm, so hopefully one day I’ll stop being this tone deaf and

know how to hit the right note.

Rhythm (n): nhịp điệu

tone deaf (n): không có khả năng hát đúng âm điệu

hit the right note: hát đúng

3 • Who do you want to sing for?

j
Well, most of the time I ust sing for myself. The x
only e ception being my close

l f c voice which always runs out of breath

friends who can to erate my horri i

and breaks on high notes whenever we have virtual karaoke nights. Otherwise, I

would never sing in public since it is the most embarrassing thing in the world.

ị
tolerate (v): ch u đựng

j
horrific (ad ): đáng s ợ
run out of breath (phrase): hết h i ơ
high note (n): các âm cao

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e a n ac t i v i t y

yo u e n j oy e d m o s t i n yo u r
p r i m a ry s c h o o l

You should say:

What the activity was

How often you did the activity

Who you did it with

And explain why it was your favourite activity

Model answer:

One of the activities I enjoyed the most during my primary school days was

participating in the annual school sports day. This event happened once a year,

usually in the spring, and it involved the entire school.

I did it with all my classmates, teachers, and the school staff. It was a day filled with

various sports and games, including relay races, sack races, tug-of-war, and

various track and field events. The whole school was divided into different teams,

each represented by a unique color, and we competed against each other in a friendly

and competitive spirit.

The reason why I loved the school sports day so much was because it brought the

entire school community together for a day of fun and camaraderie. It was a break

from our regular academic routines, and everyone, regardless of their athletic

abilities, could participate and contribute to their team's success.

It created a sense of unity and belonging among the students and fostered a

competitive but supportive environment. The cheers from the sidelines, the joy of

winning a race, and the sense of achievement when we earned points for our team

were all memorable experiences that made it my favorite activity. It was a day filled

with laughter, excitement, and a real sense of belonging to a larger school family.

( ) ằ ă
Annual adj : H ng n m

R ()Cộ đ
elay races n : u c ế ứ
ua ti p s c

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Sack races (n): Cuộc đua trong bao

Tug-of-war (n): Kéo co

Track and field events (n): Các môn thể thao điền kinh

Competitive spirit (n): Tinh thần cạnh tranh

Community (n): Cộng đồng

Camaraderie (n): Tình đồng chí

Routines (n): Thói quen

Athletic abilities (n): Khả năng thể thao

Lề đường
Sidelines (n):

Achievement (n): Thành tựu

Part 3
1 • What activities do children often do in your country?
In Vietnam, children engage in a variety of activities. They often participate in
traditional games. These activities are a way for them to have fun and bond with
friends and family. Additionally, many children in Vietnam also enjoy playing football

(soccer), riding bicycles, and flying kites in open spaces. These activities promote

physical fitness and social interaction among youngsters.

Traditional games (n): Trò chơi truyền thống

Physical fitness (n): Sức khỏe thể chất

Social interaction (n): Tương tác xã hội

Youngsters (n): Thanh thiếu niên

2 • What do parents in your country let their children do?

In Vietnam, parents generally allow their children to participate in a range of activities

to promote their development. They encourage education by helping with homework

and often enroll them in extracurricular classes such as English or music. Many

parents also emphasize the importance of family values and traditions, including

respecting elders and participating in cultural celebrations. Additionally,

Vietnamese parents often support their children in pursuing hobbies and interests like
sports, art, and music, aiming to provide a well-rounded upbringing and a strong

foundation for their future.

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Extracurricular (adj): Ngoại khóa

Family values (n): Giá trị gia đình

Cultural celebrations (n): Lễ hội văn hóa

Upbringing (n): Sự nuôi dưỡng

Foundation (n): Nền tảng

3 • What are the differences between activities at home and at school?

Sure, there are two main differences to consider.

First, at school, children usually follow a structured curriculum with scheduled

classes and exams. For example, they have math class every morning, which is part of
their school routine. At home, on the other hand, activities tend to be more flexible.
Kids can explore their interests, like reading for fun or playing with their siblings.

Second, when it comes to social interaction, school provides an opportunity for

students to interact with teachers and peers. They work on group projects and
develop cooperation skills. In contrast, at home, children often engage in informal
social interactions with family members, learning cultural values and traditions,
such as celebrating holidays together. So, these are the two main differences between

activities at home and school.

Structured curriculum (n): Chương trình giảng dạy có cấu trúc

Routine (n): Thói quen

Siblings (n): Anh chị em

Social interaction (n): Tương tác xã hội

Peers (n): Bạn bè cùng trang lứa

Cooperation skills (n): Kỹ năng hợp tác

Informal social interactions (n): Tương tác xã hội không chính thức

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Part 1

Social media

1 • Do you or your friends like using social media?

Definitely yes. For the time being, especially in the era of globalization, teenagers like

us are really into Facebook, Instagram or other kinds of social networks to keep in

touch with their friends or to keep abreast of the world. It is undeniable that most

of us are technophiles and we are really interested in social media.

keep in touch (phrase): giữ liên lạc với ai

keep abreast (phrase): bắt nhịp

technophiles (n): người ưa thích công nghệ

2 • Do you think you or your friends use too much social media?

To be honest, some of us can be said to be addicted to the virtual space/the

delusion life since we usually glue our eyes to the screen all day long without even

trying to exercise, which is an alarming issue for teenagers these days. The reason

for that is because online content is very sensational/audience catching and I

think that we are the main targeted audience of them.

virtual space: không gian ảo

delusion life: sống ảo

addicted (adj): bị nghiện

content (n): nội dung

sensational (adj): kì lạ, giật gân

targeted audience: đối tượng khán giả hướng tới

3 • Do you want to work in the social media industry? Why?

Personally, having a position in the internet/media field is not an ideal job for me

regardless of the lucrative perks it may bring. For instance, working for this

industry means that I can have access to cutting-edge technology before others

and so on. However, I am not a type of person who can sustain a huge load of work

and I sometimes buckle under pressure, giving me no reason to apply for the job in

this industry

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lucrative (adj): siêu lợi nhuận

perk (n): điểm tốt

cutting-edge (adj): ưu việt

Part 2

D e s c r i b e a u s e f u l o b j e c t

i n yo u r h o m e t h at yo u ca n n o t
live without

You should say:

What it is

What you can do with it

How often you use it

And explain why you cannot live without it

Model answer:

One indispensable object in my home that I can't imagine living without is my

smartphone. It's a versatile device that serves multiple purposes, making it an

integral part of my daily life.

With my smartphone, I can communicate with family and friends through calls, texts,
and various messaging apps. It allows me to stay connected with people near and

far, making it a vital tool for maintaining relationships.

I use my smartphone for information and entertainment as well. I can browse the

internet to look up news, access social media, and explore a wide range of online

content. It's also my primary device for listening to music, watching videos, and even

reading e-books.

Additionally, my smartphone serves as a productivity tool. I rely on it for email

communication, setting reminders, managing my calendar, and even taking notes.

It's an essential companion for work-related tasks and personal organization.

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I use my smartphone throughout the day, from the moment I wake up to check the

time and notifications, to using it as an alarm clock at night. It's a constant presence

in my life, and I use it for various purposes countless times each day.

The reason I can't live without my smartphone is because it has become an integral

part of modern life. It keeps me connected, informed, and organized. Its versatility and

convenience make it an indispensable tool for both personal and professional aspects

of my life. Without it, I would feel disconnected, less efficient, and would miss out on

many opportunities for communication and entertainment.

Indispensable (adj): Không thể thiếu

Versatile (adj): Đa năng

Integral (adj): Thiết yếu

Messaging apps (n): Ứng dụng nhắn tin

Connected (adj): Kết nối

E-books (n): Sách điện tử

Productivity tool (n): Công cụ năng suất

Reminders (n): Lời nhắc
Notifications (n): Thông báo
Integral (adj): quan trọng

Part 3

1 • What equipment do you find difficult to use?

I find a dvanced graphic design software quite challenging to use. As a teenager
in Vietnam, I once had to work on a project using professional design software, and it

was quite perplexing initially. Tasks like creating intricate graphics or using

complex design tools took some time to master, so that's another type of

equipment that I find difficult to use.

Advanced graphic design software (n): Phần mềm thiết kế đồ họa nâng cao
Challenging (adj): Thách th c ứ
Perplexing (adj): Gây bối rối
Intricate (adj): Phức tạp
Comple x design tools (n): Công cụ thiết kế phức tạp
à
Master (v): Th nh th o ạ

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2 • What can you do with a laptop?

Certainly, laptops serve a multitude of purposes. People can use them for tasks like

word processing, creating presentations, and browsing the internet for

information or entertainment. For instance, individuals often use laptops for work-

related activities, like writing reports or sending emails. Moreover, laptops are

commonly used for leisure, such as watching movies, playing games, or social

networking. So, a laptop is a versatile device that caters to both productivity and

leisure needs.

Multitude (n): Đa dạng

Word processing (n): Xử lý văn bản

Presentations (n): Bài thuyết trình

Browsing (v): Duyệt

-
Work related (ad ): j Liên quan đến công việc
Reports (n): Báo cáo
Social networking (n): Mạng xã hội
Versatile (adj): Đa năng
Productivity (n): Năng suất

3 • What a re the benefits of using technology in the workplace?

It f
is hard to deny the multi aceted advantages that technology in the workplace

f
can bring. Digital plat orms basically save many companies, I think during Covid

times. Thanks to online tools like Zoom or Google Meets, many meetings and

discussions as well as business activities can still be conducted when the ma ority of j
the population is in quarantine. Also f
now, with the rise of arti icial intelligence

support, data analysis can be done more efficiently, helping businesses to make

f
in ormed decisions .
Multitude (n): Đa dạng

Platforms (n): Nền tảng

Quarantine (n): Cách ly
Artificial intelligence support (n): Hỗ trợ trí tuệ nhân tạo
â
Data analysis (n): Ph n t ch d í ữ liệu
Informed decisions (n): Quyết định có thông tin
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Part 1

Geography

1 • Do you like geography?

I’m not exactly who you’d call a fan of geography, but I don’t hate it either. Being able

to put countries on a map is useful sometimes, but that’s all I could think of when

it comes to the benefits of geographical knowledge. I think someone who is

passionate about researching the history of the Earth will have more reasons to

take an interest in geography.

Put a country on a map (v.): biết một nước nằm ở đâu

Geographical knowledge (n.): kiến thức địa lý

Take an interest in something (v.): quan tâm đến

2 • Have you ever studied geography at school?

Yes, I did. In fact, I had geography for every grade from middle school until

graduating from high school. We began with studying about the geographical

makeup of our own nation, and then we moved on to other continents in the world.

It was rather fascinating to learn about climatic differences, time zones, and

seasonal change in sunlight around the world.

Geographical makeup (n.): cấu trúc địa lý

Climatic (adj.): về khí hậu

Time zone (n.): múi giờ

Seasonal (adj.): theo mùa

3 • Are you good at reading maps?

I think I am, because one of the most important elements of navigating a map is

finding North, and I remember all of the cardinal directions well. It’s also why I can

use a compass to look up the direction. I think nowadays, many people don’t know

how to use a compass because they’ve never felt the need for one in their lives.

Navigate (v.): tìm hướng

Cardinal directions (n.): 4 hướng cơ bản

Compass (n.): la b n à
Feel the need for something (v.): cần thứ gì đó

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e s o m e t h i n g

yo u d o r e g u l a r ly t o h e l p yo u
w o r k o r s t u dy

You should say:

What it is

How you do it

When you do it

And explain how you feel about the method

Model answer:

One regular practice that greatly aids my work and study is the Pomodoro

Technique. It's a time management method that helps improve productivity and

concentration.

I use this technique by setting a timer for a specific interval, typically 25 minutes,

during which I focus entirely on a single task or study material without any

distractions. After completing one Pomodoro, I take a short break of around 5

minutes to relax and recharge. Then, I repeat the cycle.

I incorporate the Pomodoro Technique into my daily routine, especially when I have a

lot of work or studying to do. It's particularly effective when I'm facing a daunting task

or struggling with procrastination. I allocate specific time slots for Pomodoros, and

it helps me break down my work into manageable chunks.

I find this method incredibly helpful because it creates a sense of urgency and

encourages me to stay focused. Knowing that I have a limited amount of time in each

Pomodoro session pushes me to make the most of it and avoid distractions like

checking my phone or browsing the internet. The short breaks also prevent burnout

and keep my mind fresh.

Overall, I have a positive feeling about using the Pomodoro Technique as part of my

work and study routine. It has significantly improved my time management skills,

productivity, and concentration, making it an invaluable tool for accomplishing tasks

efficiently and effectively.

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Regular practice (n): Thói quen thường xuyên

Productivity (n): Năng suất

Concentration (n): Sự tập trung

Timer (n): Đồng hồ hẹn giờ

Interval (n): Khoảng thời gian

Distractions (n): Sự phân tâm

Recharge (v): Nạp lại năng lượng

Cycle (n): Chu kỳ

j á
Daunting (ad ): Đ ng sợ khó khăn ,
Procrastination (n): Sự tr ho n ì ã
Slots (n): Khoảng thời gian

Chunks (n): Kh i ph n ố, ầ
Urgency (n): Tính khẩn cấp
Burnout (n): Kiệt sức
b
Invalua le (ad ): j Vô giá
Efficiently (adv): Một cách hiệu quả
Effectively (adv): Một cách có hiệu quả

Part 3

1 • Do you think everyone's routine is different?

Of course ! As ,
a teenager their daily routine may involve study sessions, school

,
activities and spending time with friends and family. However, someone in a different
age group, profession, or location would likely have a completely different routine.

For instance, a working adult's routine would revolve around their job and personal
responsibilities, while a retiree's routine may focus on leisure and hobbies. So,
indeed, everyone's routine is unique and shaped by their individual circumstances

and priorities.

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Sessions (n): Buổi học

Profession (n): Nghề nghiệp

Responsibilities (n): Trách nhiệm

Retiree (n): Người đã nghỉ hưu

Unique (adj): Độc đáo

Priorities (n): Ưu tiên

2 • Which jobs need a morning routine?

Some earl y morning jobs I can think of right now are: baker, barista, airport ticket
agent, flight attendant, pilot, farm worker, morning news producer,
stockroom worker, and truck driver, just to name a few… These occupations can
be ideal for some if you are an early-bird who enjoys waking up with—or before—the

sun. Occupations demanding precision, such as surgeons or pilots, rely on morning

rituals to enhance focus and ensure readiness.

Barista (n): Nhân viên pha chế cà phê

Airport ticket agent (n): Nhân viên bán vé sân bay

Flight attendant (n): Tiếp viên hàng không
Flight attendant (n): Tiếp viên hàng không
Pilot (n): Phi công

Morning news producer (n): Nhà sản xuất tin tức buổi sáng
Stockroom worker (n): Nhân viên kho

Occupations (n): Nghề nghiệp

Early-bird (n): Người dậy sớm
Precision (n): Độ chính xác

Surgeons (n): Bác sĩ phẫu thuật

ó
Rituals (n): Th i quen

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3 • Is a daily routine important?

Well, I believe so; it serves as a linchpin for personal productivity and well-being.

Establishing structure offers a sense of control, reducing stress and enhancing

mental resilience. By incorporating habits like exercise, meditation, or planning,

individuals bolster their physical and mental health. The morning routine, in particular,

sets a positive tone, influencing overall daily efficacy.

Linchpin (n): Yếu tố then chốt

Productivity (n): Năng suất

Structure (n): Cấu trúc

Stress (n): Căng thẳng

Resilience (n): Khả năng phục hồi

Meditation (n): Thiền

â ạ
Positive tone (n): T m tr ng t ch c c í ự
Efficacy (n): Hiệu quả

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Part 1

Puzzles

1 • Did you do puzzles when you were a kid?

Yes I did. If my memory serves me right, I would say I used to do daily crosswords

when I was a little kid, if that counts. And I was also a huge jigsaw puzzle

enthusiast as well. There is always something about doing puzzles that intrigues

me so much.

crossword (n): trò chơi ô chữ

enthusiast (n): người say mê lĩnh vực gì đó

intrigue (v): lôi cuốn/thu hút

2 • When do you do puzzles, during a trip or when you feel bored?

My answer would sound weird, but I often did them in the morning before going to

school. During breakfast, my father and I would sit together to do the crossword

section in daily newspapers, and I always finished it in a minute. I also carry with me

a rubik cube to goof around whenever I feel bored.

rubik cube (noun): khối rubic

goof around (verb): nghịch ngợm

3 • Do you think it is good for old people to do puzzles?

I would say that old people’s minds tend to wither away due to their seniority, so

doing puzzles, in my opinion, is one of the best ways to keep their mind sharp. I

am not a neuron scientist, but I read somewhere that solving puzzles prevents their

mind from wandering around and strengthens the connections between the cells

in their brains. I think it would be much healthier than taking medicine.

wither away (v): mai một

seniority (n): tuổi già

keep somebody's mind sharp (phrase): khiến cho đầu óc ai đó minh mẫn

wander around (v): suy nghĩ lung tung/vẩn vơ

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Part 2

D e s c r i b e a p e r i o d

yo u w e r e b u sy

You should say:

When it was

What you did during the period

What made you busy

And explain how you felt about the experience

Model answer:

One of the busiest periods in my life was during my final year of high school which ,
occurred from September to December. During that time, I was juggling a multitude
of responsibilities, both academically and extracurricular activities.

Academically, I was preparing for my final exams, which were crucial for college
admissions. This meant long hours of studying, attending extra classes, and
completing assignments. I also had to research and apply to various colleges and
scholarships, which involved writing essays and gathering recommendation letters.

, I was involved in several school clubs and activities. I was

As for other responsibilities

the president of the student council, which required planning and organizing events

and meetings. Additionally, I was part of a volunteer club that conducted community

service projects, so there were weekends spent volunteering.

What made this period so busy was the sheer volume k

of tas s and deadlines .
Balancing my academic responsibilities with my extracurricular was commitments
challenging. There were days when I had to stay up late to complete assignments or
prepare for exams, and weekends were often filled with meetings and volunteer work.

Despite the hectic schedule and occasional stress, I felt a sense of accomplishment
during that period. It was a time of personal growth, where I learned valuable time

management and organization skills. It also reinforced my determination to achieve

my goals. Looking back, I appreciate the experience as it prepared me for the

challenges of adulthood and taught me the importance of hard work and

perseverance in achieving my aspirations.

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Juggling (v): Quản lý (nhiều việc cùng một lúc)

Admissions (n): Nhập học

Assignments (n): Bài tập

Recommendation letters (n): Thư giới thiệu

Volume (n): Khối lượng

Commitments (n): Cam kết

Challenging (adj): Thách thức

Hectic (adj): Hối hả, bận rộn

Accomplishment (n): Thành t u ự

Organization (n): Tổ chức
Determination (n): Quyết tâm
Perseverance (n): Kiên trì
Aspirations (n): Hoài b o ã

Part 3

1 • Why do people often feel tired in this day and age?

This can be due to a variet y of factors. Firstly, the fast-paced and demanding nature
of modern life can lead to increased stress and long working hours, which can result in

fatigue. For example, teenagers like me in Vietnam may feel exhausted from
balancing school, extracurricular activities, and social life. Additionally, the

widespread use of technology and screens, such as laptops and smartphones, can
disrupt sleep patterns, leading to sleep deprivation and tiredness. Like excessive

screen time before bedtime can interfere with the quality of sleep, leaving individuals

feeling quite tired the next day.

Fast-paced (adj): Nhanh chóng
Fatigue (n): Sự mệt mỏi
Exhausted (adj): Kiệt sức
Widespread (adj): Phổ biến
Sleep patterns (n): Mô hình giấc ngủ

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2 • Do you think people will feel even more tired in the future?

It's possible. One potential reason is the increasing pace of life and work demands,

which could lead to higher stress levels and longer working hours. For instance,

advancements in technology may create a culture of constant connectivity and

work-related responsibilities, potentially reducing leisure time and increasing fatigue.

Moreover, if the trend of excessive screen time and disrupted sleep patterns

continues, it could contribute to more significant sleep problems and tiredness in the

future.

Stress levels (n): Mức độ căng thẳng

Culture (n): Văn hóa

Excessive (adj): Quá mức, thái quá

Disrupted (adj): Bị gián đoạn, bị ngắt quãng

Sleep patterns (phrase): thói quen ngủ

3 • Is time management important?

Absolutely! Effective time management helps individuals make the most of their day

and achieve their goals. For instance, as for a student, managing one’s study time

efficiently allows the person to cover all the necessary materials while still having time

for other activities. In a broader context, time management is essential for

professionals to meet deadlines, students to excel in their studies, and anyone to

maintain a balanced life. It reduces stress, increases productivity, and enhances

overall well-being. So, yes, time management plays a vital role in achieving success

and maintaining a balanced life.

Cover (v): học, tiếp cận

Deadlines (n): hạn chót

Excel (v): xuất sắc, vượt trội

Balanced (adj): Cân bằng

Productivity (n): Năng suất

Well-being (n): Sự khỏe mạnh, hạnh phúc

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task 2
The major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problems.
What are the problems that young people living in cities are facing? Give
solutions to these problems.

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the debate surrounding getting old in the modern world

Thesis statement: State the writer’s opinion (in this case, agreement with the
second view)

2 Argument for becoming old being bad

Elderly people can be neglected in modern society

Elderly people can be disrespected by the young in modern society

3 Argument for life for the elderly being much better than in the past

Enhanced access to healthcare for the elderly so that they live longer

Many governments provide welfare and support facilities for the elderly

3 Conclusion & Opinion

My opinion: Summarize the writer’s opinion

Recommendation or further remarks based on the writer’s preferred opinion

Model answer:

Many people are divided over the debate regarding quality of life for the elderly in the

modern world. While some argue that growing old today is grim, others claim that the

elderly live better than they used to in the past. I am inclined to agree with the latter

view, even though the former merits some examination.

There are reasons to believe that old age in the modern world is dreadful. Admittedly,

some of the elderly are neglected in society. A number of people send their geriatric

parents to nursing homes instead of directly providing care for them, which is

considered irresponsible and negligent at times. Furthermore, with the gradual

breakdown

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breakdown of family structure in many developed societies, senior citizens may

encounter more instances of disrespect from the youth. In past societies, seniors were

looked upon as troves of experience and wisdom, but nowadays, astute observers

are likely to notice that later generations exhibit less respect and more

dismissiveness toward the elderly. I would concede that they are rightfully

concerned in that regard.

Nevertheless, I firmly believe that modern life for the elderly is much better than it was

in the past. This is owing to enhanced access to healthcare for them, which extends

their lifespan. Consequently, they can enjoy their retirement and spend more time

around their offspring. Additionally, many governments provide welfare and support

facilities for the elderly, such as in Hanoi, Vietnam, where all senior citizens can take

public transport free of charge. Schemes like this ensure that the elderly can afford

goods and services after a lifetime of contributing to society. Because of these

reasons, the sentiment of geriatrics being able to live better seems more convincing.

In conclusion, it is clear that there are two distinct outlooks on the quality of life for

the elderly in the modern world, and I support the view on improvement. While

becoming old is never easy, living standards for seniors have progressed compared

to the past, giving them a safety net to embrace their age.

Grim (adj.): đen tối Dismissiveness (n.): sự khinh thường

Dreadful (adj.): đáng sợ Concede (v.): công nhận

Geriatric (adj.): cao tuổi Lifespan (n.): tuổi thọ

ệ
Nursing home (n.): vi n dư ng l o ỡ ã Retirement (n.): quãng thời gian nghỉ hưu
ế
Negligent (adj.): thi u trách nhi m ệ Scheme (n.): kế hoạch
Senior citizen (n.): công dân cao tuổi Sentiment/outlook (n.): quan điểm
Astute (adj.): tinh ý, sắc sảo Progress (v.): tiến bộ
Observer (n.): nhà quan sát Embrace sth (v.): chấp nhận điều gì đó

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task 2
The major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problems.
What are the problems that young people living in cities are facing? Give
solutions to these problems.

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the growth and problems associated with this growth in
the world’s major cities

Thesis statement: State the writer’s intent to examine the problems and possible
solutions

2 Problems that young city residents are facing

Economic insecurity from the cost of living

Stress from competition in the city

3 Solutions for the problems that young city residents are facing

Practicing thriftiness
Managing expectations

3 Conclusion & Opinion

My opinion: Summarize the writer’s opinion on the situation
Recommendation or further remarks based on the writer’s proposed solutions

Model answer:

Urbanization has been a major trend in the world for the past few decades, with cities
expanding in both scale and complexity. This has led to a variety of problems for

young people living in these areas; fortunately, potential solutions to these issues exist.

Young city dwellers are under pressure from multiple fronts. One of the major

problems they encounter is economic insecurity, as the cost of living in cities can be

staggering. Modern metropolitan cities, such as Tokyo, Singapore, and London, for
example, are frequently among the world’s most expensive places. Any young person

not well-off would likely struggle to make ends meet there; should they stay, they

might have to settle for inadequate living conditions. Another possible issue is

stress, as cities are known for being hyper-competitive environments.

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known for being hyper-competitive environments. Being economic hubs, urban

areas attract a significant number of people who seek employment and opportunities,

creating a contest not for the faint-hearted.

There are certain measures for young people to either overcome or at least sidestep

these difficulties. While economic uncertainty is undoubtedly severe, it can be dealt

with by frugality in order to increase savings. Financial benefits can accrue thanks to

thriftiness over time; in fact, moving to typically inexpensive areas like the city

outskirts is also a form of frugal living, as it can reduce housing expenses significantly.

Meanwhile, in order to address stress in life and at work, it is sometimes necessary for

the youth to manage their expectations. If the pressure of city life keeps mounting,

re-evaluating one’s priorities and ambitions, or switching to a less stressful

occupation can help. Being rid of stress is the precursor to clarity of thought and

the ability to solve other problems. These solutions, in my opinion, can be more

sustainable and beneficial for oneself than relying on external help.

In conclusion, while young urban residents encounter various issues from their place

of living, there is actually no shortage of measures to make their life less of a headache.

Solid financial management and realistic expectations, for instance, are the key to

resolving their hardship.

Scale (n.): quy mô Economic hub (n.): trung tâm kinh tế

Complexity (n.): sự phức tạp Faint-hearted (adj.): nhút nhát

Sidestep something (v.): tránh đ ược

Staggering (adj.): đáng kinh ngạc
ề ì ó
đi u g đ

Well-off (adj.): c ó điều kiện khá giả / í

Frugality thriftiness (n.): t nh tiết ki m ệ
Make ends meet (v.): kiếm s ng ố ồ
Mount (v.): ch ng l n ê
Settle for something (v.): ch p nh nấ ậ
Ambition (n.): tham vọng
ề
đi u g đì ó
Settle for something (v.): ch p nh nấ ậ Precursor to something (n.): tiền đề
ề
đi u g đì ó cho điều gì đó

Clarity of thought (n.): suy nghĩ


Inadequate (adj.): không đ y đ ầ ủ
sáng suốt

Hyper-competitive (adj.): cực kỳ


Hardship (n.): sự khó khăn
cạnh tranh

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task 2
Some people think that employers should not care about the way their
employees dress, because what matters is the quality of their work. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?t

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the debate on whether employers should not be

concerned with the way their employees dress

Thesis statement: State the writer’s opinion (in this case, disagreement)

2 Arguments to support no concern

Enforcing strict dress codes may make employees unhappy and reduce their
performance

Supporting employees’ freedom of clothing choice can create a comfortable

workplace

3 Arguments to support concerns

Regulating employee clothing contributes to creating positive impression

Employees’ poor choice of clothing may negatively impact the company’s image

3 Conclusion & Opinion

My opinion: Summarize the writer’s opinion
Recommendation: Companies should be aware and active in ensuring that
employees are dressed professionally

Model answer:
The way employees dress in the workplace has divided people over whether

companies should be concerned with their staff’s choice of clothing . While some

believe that how they dress is none of their employer’s business, as work performance

should take precedence, I am inclined to disagree with them.

It is understandable that companies ought not to govern their employees' clothing. After
all, productivity should be the primary focus of any firm, and personal matters should be
left to the employee’s discretion. Being uptight about the staff members’ clothes
may create unnecessary friction and drive down company morale; in turn, this
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will be detrimental to employee performance. Another argument, meanwhile, supports

employees’ freedom to choose their clothing, as long as they stay appropriate. As

opposed to enforcing rigid dress codes, this can help to create a more leisurely and

comfortable workplace. Therefore, workers would have a relaxed environment to

perform, leading to increased quality of their output.

Nevertheless, firms should be conscious of how their employees dress. This is

because in certain sectors, particularly where publicity or presentation in front of

clients is a significant element, clothes reflect the organization’s reputability. If

employees look professional in their clothing, a positive impression can be created on

customers and stakeholders. That is why investment banking firms, for instance,

usually have strict dress codes, with heavy emphasis on formality and established

styles. Inversely, should workers dress themselves sloppily, potential clients and

members of the public might develop a negative perception of the business. The

fashion industry can be notorious for this, since employees simply cannot afford to

be seen in the public as slovenly or too casual. It would seem from these points that

workers’ clothing is a contributing element to an enterprise’s reputation; hence,

concerns about it can be justified.

In conclusion, I disagree that companies should not be interested in the way their staff

dress. It is recommended that they become aware of the possible impact employees'

clothing choices can have, and ensure that workers are dressed professionally.

Reflect something (v.): phản ánh điều

Take precedence (v.): được ưu tiên
gì đó

Discretion (n.): quyền tùy ý quyết định Reputability (n.): danh tiếng

Uptight/rigid (adj.): cứng nhắc Emphasis (n.): sự nhấn mạnh

Friction (n.): mâu thuẫn Sloppily (adv.): nhếch nhác
à
Drive down sth (v.): l m suy giảm điều
Perception (n.): sự nhìn nhận
gì đó

Morale (v.): nhuệ khí é

Notorious (adj.): kh t tiếng

Dress code (n.): quy định trang ph c ụ Slovenly (adj.): luộm thuộm
Conscious (adj.): có nhận thức Reputation (n.): uy t n í
Publicity (n.): sự xuất hiện trước

Hardship (n.): sự khó khăn
công chúng

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task 2
Nowadays celebrities earn more money than politicians. What are the
reasons for this? Is it a positive or negative development?

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the situation where celebrities earn more money than
politicians today

Thesis statement: State the writer’s intent to examine the reasons and the
writer’s opinion (in this case, negative development)

2 Reasons for the situation

Many celebrities are highly marketable

Politicians are limited in what they can do in public due to legal and ethical
concerns.

3 Why the negativity outweighs the positivity

Advantage: Celebrities can be relied on to spread positivity on a global scale.
Disadvantage: Lack of motivation to become public servants among the young
3 Conclusion & Opinion
My opinion: Summarize the writer’s opinion after fully examining the causes that
the development is negative

Recommendation: Establish transparent salary structure for politicians to attract

capable individuals

Model answer:
Lately, some people have noticed a disparity between the income of celebrities and
politicians, with the former group earning more. Several reasons can explain this

situation, and on the whole, I believe that it is a negative development.

The discrepancy between the celebrities and politicians’ earning ability can be said
to stem from the difference in public perception. These days, many celebrities, such

as those working in sports and music, possess great marketability. Not only are they

able to generate income from displaying talent, but they also can leverage their fame

for business

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business revenue from a variety of sources, such as product endorsement and

public appearances. Politicians, in contrast, have to serve their term, and the ones

who display wealth prominently are rarely positively-received, due to the expectation

of them being honest public servants. Both these factors contribute to a politician’s

being limited in the ability to generate income. Consequently, celebrities can be said to

have better earnings than politicians do.

In my opinion, this development is largely negative, despite some optimism. One of

the supposed benefits is that celebrities, with their income and accompanying

status, can be relied on to inspire society. Michael Jordan is the world’s highest paid

athlete of all time, thanks to his success in basketball and commercial earnings, but

after the 9/11 attack, he decided to donate his entire salary from playing basketball to

support those who suffered. Yet, this situation may cause a lack of motivation for

serving the public. If the youths perceive the people’s representatives to be

inadequately compensated, they may shy away from this line of work. This would

deprive the government of a source of energetic workers, and reduce the quality of

public services altogether. Therefore, celebrities having vastly higher incomes than

politicians’ does more harm than good overall.

In conclusion, the public’s different attitudes toward politicians and celebrities has

resulted in such a negative situation. It may give rise to a perception of inequality in

society, which would end up hurting the community. A transparent salary frame among

politicians, in my opinion, should be established, to attract capable individuals to

consider a career in public service.

Disparity/discrepancy (n.): sự chênh lệch Supposed (adj.): giả sử, giả định

Public perception (n.): sự nhìn nhận của

è
Accompanying (adj.): đi k m theo
công chúng

ă ế
Marketability (n.): khả n ng ki m l i t ờ ừ
Status (n.): địa vị
kinh doanh

Leverage something (v.): tận dụng điều gì

ộ
Athlete (n.): vận đ ng viên
đó để có lợi

Product endorsement (n.): quảng cáo People’s representative (n.): ng ười đại
sản phẩm â
diện của nh n d n â
Inadequately compensated (adj.):
Serve a term (v.): ph c vụ ụ nhiệm kỳ
không đ ược trả thù lao đầy đủ
á
Shy away from something (v.): tr nh đi u ề
Public servants (n.): công ch c nhứ à nước
gì đ ó
ạ
Optimism (n.): sự l c quan Clarity of thought (n.): suy ngh ĩ

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task 2
Competitiveness is seen as a positive quality for people to have in many
societies today.

How does this competitiveness affect individuals? 

Is it a positive or negative quality?

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the situation where competitiveness is seen as a

positive quality for people to have in many societies today

Thesis statement: State the writer’s intent to examine the impacts on competitive
individuals and assessment of competitiveness (in this case, it is positive).

2 The impacts of competitiveness on individuals

Can motivate people to strive for success (positive

Can create negative feelings such as lack of confidence (negative)

3 Why competitiveness is a positive quality

Enhances sportspeople’s focus and drive to win
Leads to breakthroughs in many fields other than sport
3 Conclusion & Opinion
My opinion: Summarize the writer’s opinion after examining the impacts that the
quality is positive

Recommendation: It is important to consider its impacts and channel it positively.

Model answer:
In many societies today, a competitive drive often is highly valued. While this
desirable quality is not entirely without its drawbacks, as will be examined, I
wholeheartedly believe that it deserves the praise.

For individuals who possess competitiveness, certain impacts tend to happen. First of
all, this trait can motivate them to strive for success. People who are spurred by

competition can be encouraged to set and achieve their own goals. In the process of

doing so, they are likely to experience personal growth and improvement. Conversely,

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however, being consumed by competitiveness may breed negativity, as

individuals compare themselves to others excessively. A lack of self-confidence would

be the consequence, as is a sense of pressure that one must become successful to be

recognized. A competitive drive, therefore, can be a double edged sword.

Nevertheless, this quality can be positive overall. For sportspeople, it enhances their

focus and drive to win. In fact, performing at the highest level is impossible without it,

and the top achievers in every sport are all recorded to possess extraordinary amounts

of competitiveness. It is no exaggeration that the world’s athletes would not be able to

grace mankind with memorable performances were they not competitive. Besides

that, this trait leads to breakthroughs in many fields other than sport. Competition

has often been the driving force behind major developments in technology, as was

the case with the rivalry between Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. Their opposition

to each other’s method of electricity transmission helped to eventually proliferate

alternating current, allowing power to travel efficiently through long distances,

which was instrumental to spreading civilization. The benefits of competitiveness,

therefore, clearly extend to more than just individual success.

In my opinion, though a drive for competition can produce both gains and drawbacks,

it is largely an advantageous trait. For individuals looking to succeed, I would

recommend them to consider its effects, and channel it positively.

Highly valued (adj.): được đánh giá cao Double edged sword (n.): con dao hai lưỡi

Desirable (adj.): đáng mong muốn Grace (v.): ban tặng

Strive (v.): vươn lên Breakthrough (n.): đ t pháộ

Spur somebody (v.): thôi thúc ai đó ộ

Driving force (n.): đ ng l c ự

/
Consumed by with something (adj.):
Rivalry (n.): cuộc cạnh tranh
có quá nhiều tính chất nào đó

ò
Alternating current (n.): d ng đi n ệ
ô
Breed sth (v.): nu i dưỡng đi u g đ ề ì ó
xoay chi u ề

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task 1
The table shows the cost of water in five cities in Australia.

The table below shows the cost of water


in five cities in Australia.

Usage charge
 Usage charge


Average bill

City per kilolitre
 per kilolitre

per household
(up to 125KL) (over 125KL)

Adelaide $0.42 $1.00 $312

brisbane $0.81 $0.84 $310

melbourne $0.78 $0.78 $253

perth $0.42 $1.50 $332

sydney $0.98 $0.98 $ 319

Outline
Introduction and overview
Introduction: Paraphrase the table’s subject
Overview: Comment on the most noticeable features
Places where water becomes more expensive after 125 KL: Adelaide, Perth,
Brisban
Places where water does not become more expensive after 125 KL:
Melbourne, Sydne
Place with the highest household water bill: Perth
Body 1: Comparison of water cost before 125 KL
Place with the most expensive water: Sydney ($0.98 per KL)
Places with less expensive water: Brisbane ($0.81 per KL), Melbourne ($0.78
per KL), Adelaide and Perth ($0.42 per KL)
Body 2: Comparison of water cost after 125 KL and comparison of water bill
Place with the most expensive water: Sydney ($0.98 per KL)
Places with less expensive water: Brisbane ($0.81 per KL), Melbourne ($0.78
per KL), Adelaide and Perth ($0.42 per KL)

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Model answer:

The table provides a breakdown of the cost of water in various Australian cities.

Overall, inhabitants in all cities except Melbourne and Sydney are charged more per

kilolitre if their usage exceeds 125 KL. In addition, Perth households record the highest

water bill on average.

Under 125 KL of consumption, water is most expensive in Sydney, where each kilolitre

costs 0.98 dollars. This is followed by the prices in Brisbane and Melbourne, with

$0.81 and $0.78 per kilolitre, respectively. Adelaide and Perth, meanwhile, report the

same rate of $0.42, which is less than half the cost in Sydney.

Once water consumption surpasses the aforementioned threshold, the per kilolitre

cost in Perth outstrips that in any other city, with $1.50. Additionally, it is over three

times the price for Perth households that use under 125 KL. Adelaide residents pay $1

for every kilolitre of water according to this scheme, which is the second highest rate.

The water cost in Brisbane increases slightly to $0.84, whereas Melbourne and

Sydney households incur no surcharge. This makes Melbourne’s water the

cheapest beyond 125 KL of usage. Furthermore, the water bill tends to be most

expensive in Perth, with $332 on average. The data of Adelaide, Brisbane and Sydney

range from $310 to $320, while Melbourne reports the lowest water bill of $250.

Rate (n.): giá cố định phải trả cho một Incur something (v.): phải gánh chịu
dịch vụ thứ gì đó

Surpass sth/outstrip sth (v.): vượt thứ

Surcharge (n.): phụ phí
gì đó

Threshold (n.): ngưỡng

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task 2
In some countries, university students live at home, while in other
countries, university students go to other cities rather than live with their
family. 

Do you think the benefits of living away from home outweigh the
disadvantages?

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the situation of university students living away from
home

Thesis statement: State the writer’s opinion (the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages)

2 Disadvantages of living away from home

Mental stress from living without family support

Living costs cause a financial burden

3 Advantages of living away from home

Teaches residents how to balance their budget

Teaches residents how to coo k

3 Conclusion & Opinion
My opinion: Summarize the writer’s opinion

Recommendation or further remarks based on the writer’s preferred opinion

Model answer:
In a number of countries, university students can be seen residing at home, but it is
usually the case for these individuals that they relocate far from home for their studies.
This living arrangement is more beneficial than it is disadvantageous, in my opinion.

It should be acknowledged that this accommodation choice is not without its

challenges. Mental stress, firstly, can accumulate from loneliness, homesickness,
and having to manage day-to-day tasks without family support. This issue may easily
distract a student from their academic pursuit, hampering their academic
performance as a result. Additionally, living costs can become a significant burden. Rent in
urban areas and inner cities is usually expensive because of the population density and
dearth of available housing space. That is why some families, especially rural ones, have
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taken out loans and gone into debt as a result of their children being accepted by
a city-based university.

However, these challenges pale in comparison to the possible gains. Living separately
from family compels one to start taking on adult responsibilities such as budgeting,
which can instill life management skills. Financial constraints let students learn
how to balance their expenses properly, and even motivate them to seek part-time
work, therefore allowing students to mature swiftly. Furthermore, living this way can
teach residents how to cook, which is by no means insignificant. Without parental
support, one has to produce a balanced and nutritious meal by themselves, which
sets them up to improve their self-reliance. They would fare well in various living
arrangements in the future as long as they can cook. The drawbacks of life far from
home, it would seem, are only temporary hardships to pave the way for greater
gains.

In conclusion, while there are disadvantages to moving away from family for university
students, the benefits are significantly more impactful. While every student may have a
different experience leaving home for university, there is a strong argument that it
provides them invaluable opportunities to grow and develop.

Relocate (v.): chuyển chỗ ở City-based (v.): tại thành phố

Living arrangement (n.): hình thức sinh hoạt Pale (v.): trở nên lu mờ

Acknowledged (adj.): được thừa nhận ắ

Compel (v.): b t bu c ộ

Accumulate (v.): tích tụ Budgeting (n.): cân đối chi tiêu

Loneliness (n.): s ự cô đơn Financial constraint (n.): giới hạn tài chính

Homesickness (n.): sự nhớ nhà Swiftly (adv.): nhanh chóng

Day-to-day task (n.): công việc hàng ngày By no means (adv.): không hề chút nào
Distract somebody (v.): làm ai đó xao
Nutritious (adj.): giàu dinh dưỡng
nhãng

Academic pursuit (n.): sự nghiệp học vấn Fare well (v.): thành công

Hamper something (v.): cản trở điều gì đó Temporary (adj.): tạm thời

Dearth (n.): sự ít ỏi Hardship (n.): khó khăn

Take out a loan (v.): vay ngân hàng một
Invaluable (adj.): quý giá
khoản tiền
Go into debt (v.): chịu cảnh nợ nần Accumulate (v.): tích tụ

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task 1
The chart and graph below give information about three categories of
workers in Australia and unemployment levels in three countries.

Outline

Introduction and overview

Introduction: Paraphrase the chart and graph’s subject

Overview: Comment on the most noticeable features for

The pie chart: Australians account for the largest share of workers in their
own country
The line graph: Each country reported a different trend in unemployment

Body 1: The pie chart:

Segment with the highest proportion of workers: Australians (76%)

Segments with lower proportions of workers: Foreign -

non English speakers
13%) and foreign English speakers (11%)
(

Body 2: The line graph:

Country with the highest unemployment rate in 1991: Spain (13%)

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Change in Spain’s unemployment rate

Peaked and stabilized from 1993 to 1995 (18%

Declined until 2005 (9%)

Change in Italy’s unemployment rate

Rose until peaking in 1999 (12%

Declined until 2005 (8%)

Change in Germany’s unemployment rate

Rose until 1997 (9%

Declined until 2001 (6%
Overtook Spain and Italy to peak in 2005 (11%)

Country with the highest unemployment rate in 2005: Germany (11%)

Model answer:

The pie chart displays the composition of Australia’s workforce, while the line graph

illustrates how unemployment in three European countries changed from 1991 to

2005. It can be seen that Australians account for the largest share of workers in their

own country, whereas the trend in unemployment varied among all countries featured

in the line graph.

In Australia, the vast majority of jobholders are native Australians, with 76%. The
remaining quarter of the workforce is occupied by English-speaking and non-English-
speaking workers. Specifically, people who do not speak English make up 13% of

Australia’s labor force, whereas 11% are foreign English speakers, making this the

least significant group.

Regarding the line graph, Spain’s unemployment rate was the highest among all three

countries, with 13%, and behind it were Italy’s and Germany’s, with 8% and 4% ,
respectively. The figure for Spain peaked between 1993 and 1995 at 18%, and then

declined throughout most of the remaining years, ending at 9% in 2005. Italy’s data,

meanwhile, first rose steadily to a high of 12% in 1999, and then decreased until 2005,

when the unemployment rate recovered dropped back to 1991’s value. Germany

was the only country that saw an upward trend in unemployment; after a period of

instability lasting until 2001, its figure overtook Spain’s and Italy’s, finally reaching

an all-time high of 11% in 2005.

Vast majority (n.): đại đa số Instability (n.): bất ổn định

Labor force (n.): lực lượng lao động Overtake (v.): vượt

All-time high (n.): điểm cao nhất trong

Recover (v.): phục hồi
cả giai đoạn

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task 2
Large companies should pay higher salaries to CEOs and executives
compared to other workers. 

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the debate around large companies paying higher
salaries to CEOs and executives compared to other workers

Thesis statement: State the writer’s opinion (agree that CEOs and executives
deserve their payment)

2 Reasons for large companies not to pay higher salaries to CEOs and

executives

It can create fairness and unity among the workforce

It does not impact profitability or effectiveness as there are other contributing

factors

3 Reasons for large companies to pay higher salaries to CEOs and

executives compared to other workers

q
CEOs and executives bear massive responsibilities that re uire particular skills

It helps attract capable and qualified leaders

3 Conclusion & Opinion
My opinion: Summarize the writer’s opinion
Recommendation or further remarks based on the writer’s preferred opinion

Model answer:
These days, many people are divided over whether large corporations should pay
executives more than they pay ordinary employees. While this pay gap could be seen
as a source of inequality, I am inclined to believe that these leaders, who are
responsible for overseeing major company decisions, deserve disproportionate
compensation.

On the one hand, the difference between the remuneration of CEOs and lower-ranking

employees may raise concerns about fairness. According to this thinking, a more just

distribution of a company’s wealth, in the form of narrower wage disparity between

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management and the rank-and-file employees, would foster fairness and unity

among all layers of the workforce. That, as a result, would improve overall employee

motivation and job satisfaction, thereby raising productivity. Furthermore, cutting

executive pay or increasing workers' compensation does not necessarily mean the

business will sacrifice profitability or effectiveness. Other elements, such as

corporate culture and supplied materials, can impact the quality of the output as well. 

However, there are reasons for CEOs and executives to earn significant

compensation compared to other workers. Corporate leaders in large firms oversee

a gargantuan number of personnel while having to answer to shareholders,

responsibilities which require remarkable competencies to take on. As their daily

work involves designing strategic plans and handling high-stakes decisions, C-suite

executives must display business acumen, leadership, and sometimes even grit.

These qualities are not altogether present in everybody, which is why those in

possession of them must be duly rewarded. As a consequence of the previous point,

offering extraordinary salaries to high-level managers helps organizations stay

competitive in attracting capable and quality leadership. Lucrative remuneration

packages, for this reason, are seen as a prerequisite for securing top-flight

business talents and the corporate growth they drive. 

In conclusion, while disparity in the wages of executives and ordinary employees may

present concerns, I agree that high-level managers deserve their due compensation,

thanks to their responsibility and scarcity. Leadership is a rare and exceptional quality;

therefore, its value necessitates disproportionate reward to ensure an organization’s

effectiveness.

Oversee sth (v.): giám sát thứ gì đó Shareholder (n.): cổ đông

Disproportionate (adj.): không tương xứng Competency (adj.): kỹ năng

Remuneration/compensation (n.): thù lao High-stakes (adj.): mạo hiểm

Just (adj.): công bằng Acumen (n.): sự nhạy bén
ê
Disparity (n.): ch nh l chệ Grit (n.): tinh thần dũng cảm
Rank-and-file (adj.): nhân viên thông
u / u
D e (adj.) d ly (adv.): xứng đáng
thường

Productivity (n.): năng suất Extraordinary (adj.): phi thường

f
Sacri ice something (v.): hy sinh đi ều gì đó Prerequisite (n.): điều kiện tiên quyết
Profitability (n.): tính lợi nhuận Top-flight (adj.): hàng đầu
Gargantuan (adj.): khổng lồ

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task 1
The plans below show the ground floor of a library in 2001 and how it was
redeveloped in 2009.

Ground Floor 2001 Ground Floor 2009

Fiction

law
tables

economics
History

Children’s area
Newspaper & Periodicals

films & DVDs

kitchen

tables tables
Self help

Computers
Self-help

fiction
History

Librarian’s desk Librarian’s desk

Stairs Stairs

entrance entrance

Outline
Introduction and overview
Introduction: Paraphrase the maps’ subjects
Overview: Comment on the most noticeable features
The ground floor’s size had been unchange
The ground floor could provide a wider selection of reading materials for
visitors in 2009

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Body 1: 2001’s floor plan

West side: Self-help and history books

North side: Fiction books

East side: Newspapers and periodicals

South side: Entrance, librarian desk and stairs

Center: Reading tables

Body 2: 2009’s floor plan

Features which did not change: Entrance, librarian desk and stairs

Features which became smaller: Self-help, history, fiction books

Features which were moved:

Self-help, history, fiction books to the southwest

Features which were removed: Newspapers and periodicals, central tables

Features which were newly added

Kitchen, economics, law books to the northwes

Set of tables to the nort
Four long tables in the cente
Films and DVDs to the east (replacing newspapers and periodicals
Computers to the east

Model answer:

The two maps illustrate how the ground floor of a library had developed between 2001
and 2009. Overall, it can be seen that while the floor’s overall size had not changed, it

could provide a wider selection of materials for visitors.

In 2001, four categories of texts were located on the ground floor, namely the self-help
section to the southwest, the history section to the northwest, the fiction section to the

north, and newspapers and magazines to the east, across from the history shelf.

Meanwhile, there were eight tables around the center of the floor to provide seating for
readers. To the south of the floor was the entrance and the librarian’s desk. A stairway

was in the southeast, providing access to the first floor.

By 2009, while the entrance, librarian’s desk and staircase had experienced no
change, virtually every other space had been altered. The self-help, fiction and

history shelves had been scaled down and lined up along the east side together with

three new selections of kitchen, economics and law texts. Four long tables had

replaced the eight tables in the center of the 2001’s floor plan, and a new set of tables

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had occupied the space where the fiction section used to be. To the east, the

newspapers and periodicals section had been repurposed into a space reserved

for films and DVDs. Next to that section were a few computers for visitors to access

electronic reading materials.

Materials (n.): tài liệu Lined up (adj.): được sắp xếp thành hàng

Stairway (n.): cầu thang Repurposed (adj.): chuyển đổi mục đích sử dụng

Alter sth (v.): thay đổi điều gì đó Reserved for something (n.): dành cho th ứ gì đó

task 2
These days, more fathers stay at home and take care of their children
while mothers go out to work. 

What could be the reasons for this? Is it a positive or negative

development?

Outline
1 Introduction
Introduce the readers to the development where more fathers stay at home and
take care of their children while mothers go out to work

Thesis statement: State the writer’s intent to examine the reasons for this
development and whether it is positive or negative

2 Reasons for this development

Makes sense in families where women earn more than men

Supports women to pursue their careers without being pressured by family

responsibilities

3 Positive or negative
’ k
Disadvantage: Doesn t ma e use of both parents in the wor force to improve thek
’
family s financial situation

Advantage which overshadows the disadvantage: Enables fathers to play a role

’
in children s development

3 Conclusion & Opinion

My opinion: Summarize the reasons and the writer’s opinion

Recommendation or further remarks based on the writer’s preferred opinion

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Model answer:

Lately, society has witnessed a significant shift in family dynamics, with an increasing

number of fathers staying at home as caregivers while mothers act as

breadwinners. This trend is driven by a number of influences, and I generally believe

it to be positive, despite some misgivings. 

There are a few reasons to explain this development. Firstly, in families where the

woman earns vastly more than the man does, flexible childcare arrangements would

make sense. If a single source of income is enough for the household, the mother can

work while her husband stays at home and cares for their young. The child, as a result,

can receive a proper upbringing but the family can still sustain itself financially. The

aforementioned development, in addition, is supported by a belief that women are

entitled to pursuing their careers without the added pressure of being the primary

caregiver. A flexible distribution of domestic and professional responsibilities would

foster respect towards women's aspirations, while nurturing egalitarian

relationships.

Despite some concerns against this trend, I believe that it is ultimately positive. In a

way similar to households where men are the sole breadwinners, having women in that

role is criticized for underutilizing both parents in the workforce. As a consequence,

the family’s income would be burdened if either parent, for some reason, is unable to

work at full capacity. There is, however, a benefit in empowering fathers to play an

intimate role in their children’s development, which was historically mothers’

responsibility. As fathers’ engagement with their young is different from that of

mothers, they can forge crucial bonds with their offspring. One would be greatly

advantaged to receive a lot of time together with their fathers during their upbringing. 

In conclusion, the increasing number of stay-at-home fathers is a result of shifting

family dynamics and social beliefs. While this trend can be seen as detrimental to

household finances, the opportunities for balanced parenting let me affirm that it is

largely positive.

Shift (v.): dịch chuyển Aspiration (n.): khát vọng

Breadwinner (n.): người kiếm tiền cho gia đình Egalitarian (adj.): bình đẳng
Misgiving (n.): sự hoài nghi Underutilize (v.): không tận dụng tối đa
j
Flexible (ad .): linh ho tạ Capacity (n.): công suất
ự sống
Sustain (v.): duy trì s j ầ
Intimate (ad .): g n g i ũ
Entitled to something (adj.): có quyền
è ũ
Forge something (v.): r n d a điều gì đ ó
hưởng điều gì đó

Foster/nurture (v.): nuôi dưỡng ẳ

Affirm (v.): kh ng định

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task 1
The table and pie chart illustrate populations in Australia according to
different nationalities and areas.

1%

2% 14%
City
Countryside

3% Nationality
(%) (%)

7%
australian 80 20

british 89 11
73 %

new zealander 90 10

chinese 99 1

dutch 83 17
australian chinese

british dutch

new zealander other

Outline

I cve v ew
ntrodu tion and o r i

I o o :P p
ntr ducti n p b ’ bj
ara hrase the ie chart and ta le s su ect

Ov v : Comm o mo noticeable features

er iew ent n the st

F om r :N v A
the chart mo pop o pop o , D
ati e ustralians are the st ul us ulati n utch
p op e le are the leas
F om r b :C p op o
the ta le g p
hinese g of b e le sh w the hi hest ercenta e ur an
,A
dwellers o g p g of
ustralians sh w the hi hest ercenta e rural dwellers

B 1: A
ody f he p e ch
nalysis o t i art

Pop o g p opo o : A
ulati n with the hi hest (73%) r rti n ustralians

Pop o o p opo o : B p op (7%), N Z

ulati ns with l wer r (3%),
rti ns ritish e le ew ealanders
C p op (2%), D p op (1%
hinese e le utch e le

O omb fo 14%
ther unlisted ethnicities c ine r

B 2: A
ody f he b e
nalysis o t ta l

Pop o g p g of b
ulati n with the hi hest :C p op ercenta e ur an dwellers hinese e le
(99%)
Pop o o p
ulati ns with l wer g of b : B p op (89%),
ercenta es ur an dwellers ritish e le
N Z ew (90%), D p op (83%), A
ealanders (80% utch e le ustralians

A o g p opo o of
ustralians sh w the hi hest (20%) r rti n rural dwellers

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Model answer:

The pie chart and table compare various demographics in Australia by nationality

and location of residence. Overall, native Australians are the most populous segment,

and Dutch people account for the least. In addition, the Chinese population is most

likely to inhabit cities, whereas the proportion of Australians living in rural areas is

highest among all nationalities.

From the pie chart, it could be seen that native Australians account for the vast

majority of the population in Australia, with 73%. Of the remaining origins, British

people make up 7% of residents, which is more than twice the proportion of New

Zealanders, with 3%. The percentages of Chinese and Dutch populations stand at the

bottom with 2% and 1%, respectively, whereas other unspecified ethnicities

altogether account for 14% of Australia’s population.

Regarding the table for demographic breakdown by location, virtually all Chinese

people are urban inhabitants, with 99%. This is followed by New Zealanders, 90% of

whom reside in cities, and British people, who report a level of 89%. Dutch and native

Australian populations tend to be urbanites as well, though to a lesser degree.

Whereas 83% of Dutch people are city-dwellers, the percentage of Australians is

marginally less at 80%. One-fifth of native Australians live in the countryside, which

corresponds to a quarter of their urban residents.

Demographic (n.): tập thể dân cư Ethnicity (n.): chủng tộc

Populous (adj.): đông đảo Urbanite (n.): người thành phố

Correspond to something (v.): tư ng ơ
Native (adj.): bản xứ
ơ ớ ề
đư ng v i đi u g đ ì ó
Unspecified (adj.): không cụ thể

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task 2
Students leave high school without learning how to manage their money.
What are the reasons and solutions for this issue?

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the situation where high school students graduate
without learning how to manage their money

Thesis statement: State the writer’s intent to examine the reasons and solutions

2 Reasons for the lack of money management skills in high school

graduates

Lack of proper financial education at school

Parents neglect teaching children about money

3 Solutions to the lack of money management skills in high school

graduates

Schools should incorporate financial lessons into the curriculum

v v
Parents should in ol e their children in the family’s financial decisions

3 Conclusion & Opinion

My opinion: Summarize the writer’s findings
Recommendation or further remarks based on the writer’s findings
Model answer:
The financial awareness of high school students has become a cause of concern in

recent years , as a significant portion of them graduate without sufficient money

management skills . While there are various explanations for this situation, it can be
resolved thanks to several solutions.

Such a deficiency among high school students can be traced back to factors from

both the school and the household. Notably, one of the reasons is the dearth of

financial education in the school curriculum. Many schools, in fact, continue to

emphasize traditional subjects such as mathematics, science, and humanities,

while knowledge about budgeting, savings, and debt management is considered

unimportant. Parents, meanwhile, may aggravate the problem by neglecting to

teach

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their children about money. This likely stems from a lack of financial literacy of those

parents themselves, or a reluctance to discuss the topic with their children. Whatever

the cause, this absence of both formal and informal guidance leaves students in the

dark about matters regarding money.

Nevertheless, there are potential solutions to remedy this situation. Firstly, educators

should look to incorporate financial lessons into the curriculum. One possible course

of action is to create classes where students learn the value of money, how taxes work,

and how to budget properly. At the same time, educators can make lessons relevant

with real-life examples to keep learners interested. Outside of school, parents ought to

involve their children in family financial decisions, starting with simpler ones. Minor

chores, such as grocery shopping, or planning a family outing within a set budget can

offer valuable lessons on money management. Financial knowledge, as a result, would

be instilled in children by the time they come of age. A comprehensive educational

approach which utilizes both solutions is likely to improve students’ savviness with

money once they graduate from high school.

In conclusion, high school students may enter adulthood without sufficient money

management skills due to the shortcomings of both their school and their parents, but

potent remedies for the situation do exist. Young learners will be better prepared to

navigate their future if they are well-equipped with financial knowledge.

Neglect something (n.): bỏ mặc điều

Sufficient (adj.): đầy đủ
gì đó

Deficiency/dearth/absence (n.):

Reluctance (n.): sự miễn cưỡng
sự thiếu hụt

Emphasize something (v.): nhấn mạnh Leave somebody in the dark (v.): làm
điều gì đó ai đó thiếu thông tin

Humanities (n.): nhân văn học í

Incorporate (v.): t ch h p ợ
Debt (n.): n ợ Outing (n.): chuyến đi d ã ngoại
Budgeting (n.): cân đối chi tiêu ể
Savviness (v.): sự hi u biết

Aggravate something (v.): l m trầmà

ọ ê
tr ng th m điều gì đó

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task 1
The chart below shows the numbers of three types of visitors to a
museum between 1997 and 2012.

The chart below shows the numbers of three types of visitors


to a museum between 1997 and 2012.

450,000

400,500
400,000 380,000

350,000

300,100 302,200
300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000
120,000
110,000

100,000 87,000 82,300

37,700 42,000
50,000
28,000 29,200

1997 2002 2007 2012

totals 448,100 441,200 525,200 504,300

Adult visitors Visitors aged under 15 Special Exhibition visitors

Outline

Introduction and overview

Introduction: Paraphrase the bar chart’s subject
Overview: Comment on the most noticeable features
Visitor groups that grew in number: Adults and Special Exhibition visitors
Visitor groups that decreased in number: Under 1
The largest visitor group in the period: Adults
Body 1: Changes from 1997 to 2007
The largest visitor group in 2007: Adults (~300,000)
Smaller visitor groups in 2007: Under 15 (~120,000), Special Exhibition visitors
(~28,000)
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The museum’s total visitors: Peaked at 525,200 in 2007

Change in adults: Peaked at ~400,000

Change in under 15 group: Fell to 87,000

Change in Special Exhibition visitors: Rose to 37,700

Body 2: Changes from 2007 to 2012 and comparison at the end of the

period

The museum’s total visitors: Fell to 504,300 in 2012

Change in adults: Fell to 380,000, ended as the largest visitor group

Change in under 15 group: Fell to ~82,000

Change in Special Exhibition visitors: Peaked at 42,000

Model answer:

The bar chart illustrates how three groups of visitors to a particular museum changed

in size from 1997 to 2012. Generally, all categories of people grew in number, except

for those under 15 years of age, whose figure declined. Additionally, adult

museumgoers consistently accounted for the largest proportion throughout the

period.

In 1997, 300,100 adults came to this location, constituting over two-thirds of the

museum’s total visitors. There were 120,000 museumgoers younger than 15, and this

was four times the figure for Special Exhibition visitors. After slightly increasing to

320,200 in 2002, that for adults climbed to 400,500 in 2007. The Special Exhibition

group also grew in size to nearly 38,000 in 2007, whereas by the same year, the

under-15 group had shrunk to 87,000. There were over 520,000 total museumgoers

in 2007, the highest point during this period.

In 2012, the museum welcomed about 504,000 people, witnessing a 4% decline after
2007. The two figures for adult and young visitors experienced decreases, with the

former falling to 380,000 and the latter to 82,300. The number of Special Exhibition

visitors, in contrast, rose to an all-time high 42,000. Adults who came to this

establishment continued to make up the most significant figure that year, accounting
for over 75% of people.

Museumgoer (n.): người đến thăm bảo tàng

Constitute (v.): chiếm số lượng

All-time high (n.): điểm cao nhất trong cả giai đoạn

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task 2
Some people think that in the modern world we are more dependent on
each other, while others think that people have become more
independent. 

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Outline

1 Introduction

Introduce the readers to the debate whether people are more dependent on
each other or independent in the modern world

Thesis statement: State the writer’s preferred opinion

2 Why people seem more independent

Smaller family units become more common in society

The Internet allows for the independent acquisition of knowledge and skills with
online resources

3 Why people seem more dependent on e ch other a

Many people depend on goods and services produced by others
On social media, creators and followers depend on each other
3 Conclusion & Opinion
My opinion: Summarize the writer’s opinion
Recommendation or further remarks based on the writer’s preferred opinion

Model answer:
Recently, whether or not the modern world encourages individual independence has
surfaced as an intriguing debate. While some suggest that contemporary people
have become less mutually dependent, others, including myself, believe the opposite

point of view.

Several factors appear to prove that the modern world has fostered less dependency

among individuals. An oft-cited fact is that many people have shifted their living

arrangements toward smaller and smaller family units; in some places, single-person

households are the most prevalent. Multiple generations living under one roof used to

make sense as a means of pooling resources, but the increased economic power of

individuals means that more independent family structures are the norm. Furthermore,

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the Internet’s popularity has enabled the independent acquisition of knowledge and

skills with online resources. This lends confidence to many people to be employed

remotely, thus reinforcing the perception of independence in contemporary society.

However, interdependence may actually be the more popular trend throughout the

modern world. These days, many individuals’ lifestyles exhibit a reliance on goods

and services produced by others. A large number of young office workers, for instance,

take public transport to commute, and order daily meals to be delivered to them to

maintain their focus on the work. Furthermore, on social media platforms, users rely on

others’ reactions in order to expand their reach and influence, which has the added

effect of creating fame. At the same time, these services constantly encourage

participants to follow others to keep up with their experiences. This generates a loop

where online creators are dependent on media consumers’ feedback, whereas

consumers feel they need the creators as a place to voice their opinions and obtain

new experiences.

In conclusion, while contemporary cultural values and technological developments

have provided dynamics for increased independence, I believe that mutual

dependence is the prevailing trend among individuals. The positive or negative

implications of these trends remain to be seen, but maintaining a balance

between them is likely paramount to achieving progress in society.

Surface (v.): nổi lên Reach (n.): tầm ảnh hưởng

Intriguing (adj.): thú vị Loop (n.): vòng lặp

Contemporary (adj.): đương đại Prevailing (adj.): nổi trội

Oft-cited (adj.): thường được đưa ra Implication (n.): hệ quả

Remain to be seen (v.): còn chưa được

Shift (v.): dịch chuyển
làm rõ

Pool (v.): dồn Paramount (adj.): rất quan trọng

Exhibit sth (v.): thể hiện điều gì đó

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