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Biology 5

DNA is the genetic blueprint of life, composed of nucleotides and found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in genetic coding, replication, mutations, inheritance, and gene expression. DNA is essential in various biological fields and has modern applications such as DNA fingerprinting and genetic engineering.

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Biology 5

DNA is the genetic blueprint of life, composed of nucleotides and found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in genetic coding, replication, mutations, inheritance, and gene expression. DNA is essential in various biological fields and has modern applications such as DNA fingerprinting and genetic engineering.

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

DNA is the genetic blueprint of life, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the nucleoid
of prokaryotes. It is a double-stranded helix composed of nucleotides, which include a sugar
(deoxyribose), phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).

Key points about DNA:

 Genetic coding: DNA sequences determine the order of amino acids in proteins, which
dictate an organism’s traits.
 Replication: DNA can copy itself so that genetic information is passed to daughter cells
during cell division.
 Mutations: Changes in DNA sequences can lead to variations in traits; some may cause
diseases, others may drive evolution.
 Inheritance: DNA is transmitted from parents to offspring, forming the basis of heredity.
 Gene expression: DNA directs the production of RNA, which then guides protein
synthesis.

DNA is studied in many biology fields including genetics, molecular biology, and
biotechnology. Modern applications include DNA fingerprinting, cloning, and genetic
engineering.

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