History

Revolts &
Revolution
Presented by: Andade, Ma. Aubrey
Asister, Mherlocxine
Book, Krystal Joyce
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
relate details and circumstances of selected Philippine
revolts that took place during the spanish period.
analyze the content and context of primary sources
pertinent to selected Philippine revolts.
distinguish the nuances and complexities of revolutionary
leaders and organizations through primary sources; and
organize information on Philippine revolts in a matrix that
identifies their main features.
 Learning Outcomes
After the presentation the students will be able to:
Evaluate the content, context, and purpose of letters, hymns, and
revolutionary documents to understand the motivations and
ideologies of Filipino leaders.
Explore how religious belief (Contradía hymns), moral philosophy
(Kartilya), and political ambition (Gunita and Declaration)
influenced revolutionary movements.
Connect historical ideals of justice, unity, and sovereignty to
contemporary values and national consciousness.
Identify how concepts of “Filipino” evolved from regional loyalties
to a unified national consciousness across different texts.
 INTRODUCTION:
When we look back at our colonial past, we are often given two general ideas:
The Spanish easily took control of the Philippines and spread the Catholic faith without much
resistance until the arrival of the ilustrados and the Katipuneros near the end of the Spanish
period.
All our national heroes were completely noble and without fault.
This lesson will give a more balanced and deeper view of these two common beliefs. By using
primary sources original documents from the past we will discover new insights about how
Filipinos resisted Spanish rule.
We will focus on two important revolts that are different from the more famous Propaganda
Movement and the Katipunan (KKK): the revolt of Diego Silang in Ilocos and Apolinario de la
Cruz, also known as Hermano Pule, in Tayabas. These revolts show us unique ways that Filipinos
fought back against the colonizers.
We will also revisit the Philippine Revolution by reading important documents and accounts that
were written during those times. Through this, we will better understand the real struggles and
actions of our ancestors during the fight for freedom.
Diego Silang's Letter to the British
Diego Silang was a Filipino leader from
Pangasinan who later lived in Ilocos. He was
educated by Spanish friars and worked as a
messenger. When the British invaded Manila
in 1762, it showed how weak the Spanish
were in protecting the Philippines. Silang
realized that the Spanish government could
not defend the people, especially in the
provinces.
At first, Diego Silang did not want independence from
Spain. He only wanted reforms. He asked the Spanish
authorities to:
Replace corrupt officials,
Remove forced labor,
And end tributes or heavy taxes.
But when the Spanish refused his requests, he took bolder
actions. He expelled Spanish officials in Ilocos and freed the
Presentations are
people from taxes and forced labor. Eventually,
communication tools he even
that can be used as
imprisoned priests who opposed him. reports,
speeches,
and more.
When he had no more support from the Spaniards, he
turned to the British. He wrote a letter to Governor
Dawsonne Drake, the British official in Manila. In this
letter, Silang:

Praised the British for conquering Manila.

Asked them to support him and the Ilocanos in
fighting the Spanish.
Requested British help in removing oppressive
taxes and forced labor.
Expressed his willingness to work with the British
and be loyal to King George III.
Criticized the Spanish friars and officials for
abusing the Filipinos and forcing them to obey
unjust rules.
He also promised that, if given authority, he
would take control of the region and protect the
people from both the Spanish and corrupt
Filipino officials who served the Spaniards.
Diego Silang ended the letter with the salutation:
"Your Lordship's most faithful subject”
 Hermano Pule’s
Contadia de San
Jose through its
Hymns
Introduction
The Cofradía de San José was
founded by Hermano Pule, also known as
Apolinario de la Cruz, in the late 1830s. This
confraternity became a spiritual refuge for
indios and marginalized Filipinos who were
not allowed to join Spanish-run religious
brotherhoods. It was both a religious and
social movement that sought freedom from
discrimination and spiritual exclusion.

Apolinario de la Cruz
(July 22, 1815 – November 4, 1841)
Dalit sa Catuwaltahan Key Themes of the Dalit

42-stanza hymn in archaic Tagalog No mockery or shame – poor &

Described heaven as perfect, equal, uneducated accepted (28th stanza)
and harmonious Equality – rich & poor all look alike
Written by Fray Pedro de Herrera, before God (15th stanza)
later used by Pule No envy or arrogance – only love and
Served as spiritual guide and source unity (18th stanza)
of hope Temporary suffering – replaced by
eternal joy in heaven
Companionship in heaven – martyrs,
confessors, virgins, and angels
Revolutionary Sentiments:
These teachings had a powerful impact on
the people. The dalit uplifted the dignity of the
poor, giving them a sense of worth despite
colonial discrimination. It inspired hope for
justice and equality, countering the rigid
Spanish hierarchy. Many were motivated to
resist oppression, as they saw their struggles
as temporary trials before eternal salvation.
The Cofradía thus became both a religious
and revolutionary movement.
Conflict & Suppression
The rapid expansion of the Cofradía de San José in
1839–1840 alarmed both the friars and the Spanish colonial
authorities, especially because it excluded Spaniards and
mestizos without the approval of Hermano Pule. This practice,
seen as defiance of the colonial hierarchy, led the government
to brand the group as rebellious. In October 1841, Spanish
troops launched a violent assault in Tayabas, killing hundreds of
men, women, and children in what became the Tayabas
Massacre. Hermano Pule was later captured, executed, and his
body desecrated as a warning to Filipinos who might attempt
similar uprisings.
Historical Significance

Despite its tragic suppression, the Cofradía

de San José holds lasting significance in Philippine history. It
became a symbol of resistance against colonial exclusion,
proving that faith could unite the poor and marginalized in
a vision of equality and dignity. The Dalit sa Catuwaltahan
reinforced this by offering hope that earthly suffering was
temporary and that heaven promised justice, unity, and
harmony. This belief inspired courage among its members
and planted the early seeds of Filipino nationalism, showing
that spirituality could serve as both a refuge and a
foundation for social justice and freedom.
"In conclusion, the Cofradía de San José and
its Dalit sa Catuwaltahan demonstrate
how religion became not only a source of
comfort but also a foundation for unity,
resistance, and the pursuit of equality in
colonial Philippines."
 Selected Primary Sources on the
Philippine Revolution: The Kartilya ng
Katipunan, Emilio Aguinaldos Mga Gunita
ng Himagsikan, and the Decleration of
Philippine Independence
 The Philippine Revolution

The Philippine Revolution (1896-1898) was a pivotal period in

Philippine history, marking the end of Spanish colonial rule.
Led initially by Andres Bonifacio; later taken over by Emilio
Aguinaldo.
Was rooted in the injustices experienced by Filipinos under
Spanish rule, including heavy taxation, forced labor, and
limited opportunities for education and political
participation.
Kartilya ng Katipunan
Author: Emilio Jacinto (1896)
Purpose: Served as the Katipunan's code of conduct and
guiding principles.
Key Themes:
1. Moral and Ethical Conduct: Emphasized values such as
honor, compassion, and integrity.
2. Equality and Brotherhood: Promoted the idea that all
people are created equal.
3. Personal and Societal Transformation: Aimed to transform
individuals and Philippine society.
Significance: The Kartilya reflects the Katipunan's vision of
a new Philippines based on moral and social change.
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan

Author: Emilio Aguinaldo, written between 1928–1940s,

published posthumously in 1964.
Purpose: To provide a personal account of the revolution
from Aguinaldo's perspective.
Key Events:
1.Aguinaldo's leadership in military campaigns.
2.Internal conflicts and rivalries within the revolutionary
movement (e.g., Aguinaldo vs. Bonifacio).
3.The Tejeros Convention and its aftermath.
Significance: Offers a valuable firsthand account, but it's
important to consider potential biases.
 Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan
The Tejeros Convention:
The Tejeros Convention (March 1897) aimed to establish a
unified revolutionary government.
Aguinaldo was elected president, leading to conflict with
Bonifacio, who rejected the results.
Bonifacio's rejection and subsequent actions led to further
divisions within the revolutionary movement.
Historian Renato Constantino suggests the events in
Tejeros were a deliberate outmaneuvering of Bonifacio by
Caviteños.
Note: The Tejeros Convention highlights the complex
power dynamics within the revolution.
Declaration of Philippine Independence
Declaration of Philippine Independence

Author: Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

Date: June 12, 1898
Purpose: To formally declare the Philippines'
independence from Spanish colonial rule.
Key Themes:
1. Grievances against Spanish rule.
2.Aspirations for freedom and self-governance.
3. Justification for revolution.
4.Symbolism of the Philippine flag.
Significance: A landmark document symbolizing the birth
of a new nation.
Thank You
for listening!
 Learning Activity
1. Who authored the Kartilya ng Katipunan?
A. Andres Bonifacio
B. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
C. Emilio Jacinto
D. Emilio Aguinaldo
2. What major event is detailed in Aguinaldo’s Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan?
A. Battle of Mactan
B. Proclamation of Martial Law
C. Cry of Pugad Lawin
D. Tejeros Convention
3. What date was the Philippine Declaration of Independence proclaimed?
A. June 12, 1898
B. March 22, 1897
C. July 4, 1946
D. August 26, 1896
 Learning Activity
4. What was the primary purpose of the Kartilya ng Katipunan?
A. To outline military strategies
B. To declare independence from Spain
C. To record historical events of the revolution
D. To serve as a code of conduct for Katipuneros
5. What event in 1762 showed Diego Silang the weakness of Spanish rule?
A. The Tayabas Massacre
B. The British invasion of Manila
C. The Tejeros Convention
D. The Declaration of Independence
6. Who founded the Cofradía de San José?
A. Pedro de Herrera
B. Apolinario de la Cruz (Hermano Pule)
C. Andres Bonifacio
D. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
 Learning Activity
7. What was the hymn used by the Cofradía de San José to inspire its members?
A. Lupang Hinirang
B. Dalit sa Catuwaltahan
C. Kartilya ng Katipunan
D. Gunita ng Himagsikan
8. What tragic event happened to the Cofradía de San José in 1841?
A. The Tejeros Convention
B. The Battle of Manila Bay
C. The Tayabas Massacre
D. The Pact of Biak-na-Bato
9. Who was the Filipino leader from Pangasinan who later led a revolt in Ilocos?
A. Apolinario de la Cruz
B. Emilio Aguinaldo
C. Diego Silang
D. Andres Bonifacio
 Learning Activity

10. What did Diego Silang promise the British in exchange for their support?
A. To fight against other Filipino rebels
B. To provide taxes, tributes, and local resources
C. To give them control of the Catholic Church in Ilocos
D. To send Ilocano soldiers to fight in Europe