TERM: FIRST TERM
SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION
CLASS: SS 3
REFERENCES
1. Fundamentals of Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools Book 3 by Sola
Akinyemi.
2. Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools Book 3 by R.W. Okunloye et al.
3. Mind Exploit Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools by B.S. Amao.
WEEK TWO
CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY
Constitutional democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people
which is based on the supremacy of the constitution. It can also be explained as a
democratic system in which the will of the people prevail, their fundamental human rights
recognized and protected, and the principle of rule of law strictly adhered to. It is a form of
democracy founded, operated and controlled by the provisions of the constitution.
TYPES OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY
1. DIRECT DEMOCRACY
This is also known as classical democracy. It is a form of democracy in which all adult
citizens take active part in the management and political running of the state. This type of
democracy was practiced in Athens, the ancient city of Greece.
1. INDIRECT DEMOCRACY
This is also called representative democracy. This form of democracy is built on the
principle of majority rule because it allows a few elected representatives to make decisions
and formulate policies on behalf of the people. In other words, a representative democracy
is a type of democracy in which registered and qualified electorates vote during election to
determine who will represent their interest in government.
Representative government becomes important and replaces direct democracy as a result
of the complexity in the structure and system of the modern state or society which has
made the direct form of democracy in-appropriate and ineffective. Virtually all states in the
world practicing democracy today operates a representative democracy.
EVALUATION
1. What is constitutional democracy?
2. Explain indirect democracy.
FEATURES OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY
1. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
In a constitutional democracy, the people possess the final political authority in making
decisions that relate to public issues. They also have the power to remove any of their
representatives that fails to represent their interest in government by not voting for such
candidates in subsequent elections. Thus, the citizens’ opinions should be respected in a
true democracy.
1. MAJORITY RULE
Democracy is a game of number, the candidate who enjoys popular acceptance by getting
the highest vote usually wins election. The principle of majority rule further explains that
government decisions must reflect popular interests and opinion of the people.
1. MINORITY RIGHT
In a true democracy, majority have their way and minority have their say. The interest and
opinion of the people who are in the minority group is usually unpopular and as a result
they tend to be intimidated. However, constitutional democracy ensures that the minority
interest is protected and their opinion listened to. It also ensures that everybody in the
state enjoys their fundamental human rights as provided by the constitution.
1. RULE OF LAW
Constitutional democracy operates with the principle of rule of law which states that
everybody is equal before the law and that the law of a state is supreme.
1. PERIODIC ELECTION
Constitutional democracy is characterized by a regular and periodic election. This election
must be free and fair, and the electoral body must be allowed to operate independently
without interference.
1. EQUAL ACCESS TO POLICAL OPPORTUNITIES
In constitutional democracy, everybody has equal rights to vote and contest during
election. The voting during election must be one man, one vote. Also, sex and socio-
economic status should not be used as a means of political discrimination.
1. INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY
The judiciary in a constitutional democracy operates as an independent body which is free
from the influence of the executive and legislative arms of government.
EVALUATION
1. What is democracy?
2. State the features of constitutional democracy.
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. Define constitutional democracy.
2. Explain the features of constitutional democracy
3. Give four advantages of this system of government.
4. Mention five causes of cultism.
5. How can the problem of cultism be solved?
READING ASSIGNMENT
Fundamentals of Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools Book 3, Sola Akinyemi.Pg.
89.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. An organization that can present candidates for election is called (a) pressure group
(b) political party (c) electoral commission
2. The act of choosing a leader by voting is called (a) franchise (b) appointment (c)
election
3. ___ is a document that contains the name and details of people who are qualified to
vote during election (a) ballot paper (b) ballot box (c) voters register
4. Which of these forms of government best promote the principle of rule of law? (a)
democracy (b) monarchy (c) oligarchy
5. Democracy means ___ (a) rule by the rich people (b) rule by a few people (c) rule by
the people
THEORY
1. State the types of constitutional democracy.
2. Explain four features of constitutional democracy.
