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Week 2

The document outlines three types of verbs: lexical, primary (be, do, have), and modal, with further classifications of modals into central, marginal, modal idioms, and semi-auxiliaries. It explains the roles of these verbs in sentences, distinguishing between main verbs and auxiliary functions, and discusses concepts of finiteness and non-finiteness in verb forms. Additionally, it provides examples to illustrate the grammatical functions and forms of these verbs.

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5 views3 pages

Week 2

The document outlines three types of verbs: lexical, primary (be, do, have), and modal, with further classifications of modals into central, marginal, modal idioms, and semi-auxiliaries. It explains the roles of these verbs in sentences, distinguishing between main verbs and auxiliary functions, and discusses concepts of finiteness and non-finiteness in verb forms. Additionally, it provides examples to illustrate the grammatical functions and forms of these verbs.

Uploaded by

zuckervatti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3 types of verbs:

lexical, primary (be, do, have), modal

Modals:

central modals, marginal modals, modal idioms and semi-auxiliaries

exercise 1

love – lexical / full

should – modal

appreciate – lexical

view – lexical

doesn’t - primary

wear – lexical

will – modal

have to - primary

add – lexical

buying – lexical

hangs – lexical

must – modal

contain - lexical

give to – lexical

are going to - modal

be – primary

They will be leaving (VP) - leaving – main verb, will – aux., be – aux.
lexical verbs – main verbs

modals - only as auxiliary

primary – they can function as both

- They want to leave. – to Leave – main verb, want – lexical (two separate VPs)

I will (always) do this. – sometimes there are adverbs after the first auxiliary!

I am (really) trying.

not – negation (part of the VP) – absolute negator

Primary verbs (be do have)

lexical meaning as a main verb.

as auxiliaries – they have grammatical function

do – dummy operator / dummy auxiliary

some primary verbs are part of semi auxiliares – and are NOT primary verbs!!! (I have to go)

Full verbs

4 forms (base, -s, -ing, -ed)

She might have been being left. --> might – modal + inf, have – perf. ‘have’ + ed, been – progressive
‘be’ + ing, -- ??

bare infinitive – infinitiv striptizeta!

to infinitive: after lexical verbs

bare infinitive: after auxiliaries


Finiteness / non-finiteness

- I call regularly. I called regularly. He calls regularly.


- I used to call. – past (used to), infinitive (tells us nothing)
- I will call. – future (will)
- I would call. – hypothetical (would)
- I am calling. – present (am)
- I was calling. – past (was)

aux. give us the information

they are not really present and past participle, because they don’t give us this information!

gehst – 2nd person, present tense, singular, active, indicative, - finite form

goes – 3rd person, active...

went – past tense, active, indicative, no person

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