1.

​ In angiosperms, functional megaspore develops into:​

​
a) Ovule​
​
b) Embryo sac​
​
c) Seed​
​
d) Nucleus​

2.​ Pollen grains in angiosperms are shed at:​

​
a) One-celled stage​
​
b) Two-celled stage​
​
c) Three-celled stage​
​
d) Four-celled stage​

3.​ Tapetum is important because it:​

​
a) Forms the outermost layer of anther​
​
b) Nourishes developing pollen grains​
​
c) Helps in dehiscence​
​
d) Forms pollen tube​

4.​ The female gametophyte in angiosperms is also called:​

​
a) Embryo​
​
b) Nucellus​
​
c) Megasporangium​
​
d) Embryo sac​

5.​ How many cells and nuclei are present in a typical angiosperm embryo sac?​
​
a) 8 cells, 7 nuclei​
​
b) 7 cells, 8 nuclei​
​
c) 7 cells, 7 nuclei​
​
d) 8 cells, 8 nuclei​

6.​ Which of the following is not a function of synergids?​

​
a) Nutritional support​
​
 b) Attracting pollen tube​
​
c) Forming endosperm​
​
d) Forming filiform apparatus​

7.​ The product of triple fusion is:​

​
a) Diploid embryo​
​
b) Diploid endosperm​
​
c) Triploid endosperm​
​
d) Triploid zygote​

8.​ Which part of the anther is responsible for producing pollen?​

​
a) Endothecium​
​
b) Tapetum​
​
c) Microsporangium​
​
d) Pollen sac​

9.​ Which structure protects pollen grain walls from damage?​

​
a) Intine​
​
b) Exine​
​
c) Sporopollenin​
​
d) Callose​

10.​Which one is diploid?​

​
a) Pollen grain​
​
b) Antipodal cell​
​
c) Endosperm​
​
d) Microspore mother cell​

11.​In most angiosperms, pollen grains are shed at the ______ stage.​
​
a) 1-celled​
​
b) 2-celled​
​
c) 3-celled​
​
 d) 4-celled​

12.​Which event directly follows pollination?​

​
a) Fertilization​
​
b) Pollen tube formation​
​
c) Endosperm formation​
​
d) Fruit formation​

13.​The function of the filiform apparatus is:​

​
a) To carry water​
​
b) To guide pollen tube​
​
c) To produce female gametes​
​
d) To form embryo sac​

14.​The correct sequence of post-fertilization events is:​

​
a) Endosperm → Embryo → Seed → Fruit​
​
b) Embryo → Endosperm → Seed → Fruit​
​
c) Embryo → Fruit → Seed → Endosperm​
​
d) Seed → Embryo → Fruit → Endosperm​

15.​Which cell in the embryo sac fuses with the male gamete to form the embryo?​
​
a) Egg​
​
b) Synergid​
​
c) Antipodal​
​
d) Central cell​

16.​Anemophily refers to pollination by:​

​
a) Water​
​
b) Insects​
​
c) Birds​
​
d) Wind​

17.​Which of the following is an example of false fruit?​

​
a) Mango​
 ​
b) Apple​
​
c) Guava​
​
d) Banana​

18.​Geitonogamy requires:​
​
a) Bisexual flower​
​
b) Unisexual flower​
​
c) Pollinators​
​
d) Same plant​

19.​Which part of the ovule becomes the seed coat?​

​
a) Nucellus​
​
b) Integuments​
​
c) Micropyle​
​
d) Chalaza​

20.​Which layer of microsporangium helps in dehiscence of anther?​

​
a) Tapetum​
​
b) Endothecium​
​
c) Middle layer​
​
d) Epidermis​

21.​Which event is not required for seed formation?​

​
a) Fertilization​
​
b) Pollination​
​
c) Germination​
​
d) Ovule development​

22.​Antipodals are:​
​
a) Haploid​
​
b) Diploid​
​
c) Triploid​
​
 d) Tetraploid​

23.​The term “double fertilization” was discovered by:​

​
a) Strasburger​
​
b) Nawaschin​
​
c) Linnaeus​
​
d) Mendel​

24.​Function of generative cell in pollen grain:​

​
a) Form pollen tube​
​
b) Fertilize central cell only​
​
c) Divide to form two male gametes​
​
d) Attract synergids​

25.​Exine of pollen grain is made of:​

​
a) Suberin​
​
b) Lignin​
​
c) Sporopollenin​
​
d) Cutin​

26.​Pollination between different flowers on the same plant is called:​

​
a) Autogamy​
​
b) Geitonogamy​
​
c) Xenogamy​
​
d) Allogamy​

27.​The hilum of a seed is:​

​
a) Micropyle opening​
​
b) Scar of funiculus​
​
c) Entry point of pollen​
​
d) Point of cotyledon origin​

28.​Which plant shows cleistogamy?​

​
a) Wheat​
 ​
b) Viola​
​
c) Sunflower​
​
d) Mango​

29.​What does the central cell contain before fertilization?​

​
a) One haploid nucleus​
​
b) Two polar nuclei​
​
c) Diploid nucleus​
​
d) Three nuclei​

30.​Endosperm development precedes embryo development in:​

​
a) Gymnosperms​
​
b) Algae​
​
c) Angiosperms​
​
d) Pteridophytes​

🌱 Questions 31–40: Incorrect-Correct Type

31.​Identify the correct statements:​
​
I. Endosperm is always diploid in angiosperms.​
​
II. Pollination and fertilization are always simultaneous.​
​
III. Nucellus forms the embryo sac.​
​
IV. Pollen tube enters through micropyle.​
​
a) I and II​
​
b) III and IV​
​
c) Only IV​
​
d) All are incorrect​

32.​Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?​

​
I. Synergids form the egg apparatus.​
​
II. Antipodals are located near micropyle.​
 ​
III. Double fertilization occurs in all plants.​
​
IV. Tapetum is diploid and nutritive.​
​
a) I and IV​
​
b) II and III​
​
c) I, II and III​
​
d) Only III​

33.​Pick the incorrect one:​

​
a) Egg + male gamete → Zygote​
​
b) Polar nuclei + male gamete → Primary endosperm nucleus​
​
c) Synergids form the egg cell​
​
d) Antipodals are involved in fertilization​

34.​Choose the correct statements:​

​
I. The ovary becomes the seed.​
​
II. Zygote is triploid.​
​
III. Integuments form the seed coat.​
​
IV. Pollen tube has two nuclei.​
​
a) I and IV​
​
b) III and IV​
​
c) III only​
​
d) All except II​

35.​Identify the true statements:​

​
I. Cleistogamous flowers never open.​
​
II. Geitonogamy requires agents.​
​
III. Banana is a false fruit.​
​
IV. Embryo develops from the zygote.​
​
a) All​
​
b) I, III, IV​
​
 c) II, IV​
​
d) I, II​

🌼 Questions 41–50: Assertion and Reasoning

(For Q41–50, choose:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

C. A is true, R is false

D. A is false, R is true)

41.​Assertion: Pollen grains can be stored for years in liquid nitrogen.​

​
Reason: They are highly dehydrated and metabolically inactive.​

42.​Assertion: In angiosperms, endosperm is usually formed before embryo development.​

​
Reason: Endosperm nourishes the developing embryo.​

43.​Assertion: Cleistogamous flowers ensure cross-pollination.​

​
Reason: They open only under favorable conditions.​

44.​Assertion: Micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat.​

​
Reason: It allows the entry of the pollen tube during fertilization.​

45.​Assertion: In most plants, pollen tube enters through the chalaza.​

​
Reason: Chalazogamy is the most common method.​

46.​Assertion: Endothecium helps in anther dehiscence.​

​
Reason: It has fibrous thickenings.​

47.​Assertion: All antipodals are involved in fertilization.​

​
Reason: Antipodals fuse with male gametes to form zygote.​

48.​Assertion: Synergids degenerate after pollen tube entry.​

​
Reason: They are destroyed to release sperm cells.​

49.​Assertion: The fruit wall develops from the ovary wall.​

​
Reason: After fertilization, the ovary matures into fruit.​
50.​Assertion: Ovules develop into fruits after fertilization.​
​
Reason: Ovules become seeds, not fruits.​

51.​The outermost layer of the microsporangium is:​

​
a) Tapetum​
​
b) Endothecium​
​
c) Epidermis​
​
d) Middle layer​

52.​Which structure ensures nutrition to developing microspores?​

​
a) Endothecium​
​
b) Tapetum​
​
c) Intine​
​
d) Connective​

53.​The mature pollen grain has:​

​
a) One nucleus​
​
b) Two nuclei – vegetative and generative​
​
c) Three nuclei – vegetative and two male gametes​
​
d) Four nuclei​

54.​The term “pollen pistil interaction” refers to:​

​
a) Double fertilization​
​
b) Germination of ovule​
​
c) Compatibility between pollen and stigma​
​
d) Pollen storage​

55.​Double fertilization is:​

​
a) One male gamete fertilizing one egg​
​
b) Two eggs fertilized simultaneously​
​
c) One male gamete fertilizing egg and the other fusing with polar nuclei​
​
d) Both male gametes fusing with egg​
56.​The fusion of male gamete with two polar nuclei forms:​
​
a) Zygote​
​
b) Secondary nucleus​
​
c) Primary endosperm nucleus​
​
d) Embryo​

57.​In double fertilization, the male gametes are released into:​

​
a) Egg cell​
​
b) Synergid​
​
c) Antipodal cell​
​
d) Central cell​

58.​In angiosperms, the zygote is:​

​
a) Haploid​
​
b) Diploid​
​
c) Triploid​
​
d) Tetraploid​

59.​Endosperm of angiosperms is formed from:​

​
a) Synergid​
​
b) Egg cell​
​
c) Secondary nucleus​
​
d) Primary endosperm nucleus​

60.​Endosperm is usually:​
​
a) Diploid​
​
b) Triploid​
​
c) Tetraploid​
​
d) Haploid​

61.​The formation of embryo from zygote is known as:​

​
a) Embryogenesis​
​
b) Gametogenesis​
 ​
c) Sporogenesis​
​
d) Microsporogenesis​

62.​In flowering plants, pollen grains are produced in:​

​
a) Ovary​
​
b) Ovule​
​
c) Anther​
​
d) Style​

63.​Ovule is attached to the placenta by:​

​
a) Micropyle​
​
b) Funicle​
​
c) Hilum​
​
d) Chalaza​

64.​Which one of the following is the female gamete?​

​
a) Zygote​
​
b) Synergid​
​
c) Central cell​
​
d) Egg​

65.​Syngamy refers to:​

​
a) Fusion of two female gametes​
​
b) Fusion of two polar nuclei​
​
c) Fusion of male and female gametes​
​
d) Fusion of two zygotes​

66.​The entry of pollen tube through integuments is called:​

​
a) Porogamy​
​
b) Chalazogamy​
​
c) Mesogamy​
​
d) None of these​
67.​Which structure prevents desiccation of pollen grain?​
​
a) Intine​
​
b) Cellulose wall​
​
c) Sporopollenin​
​
d) Cytoplasm​

68.​The generative cell divides to form:​

​
a) One male gamete​
​
b) Two male gametes​
​
c) Pollen tube​
​
d) Vegetative nucleus​

69.​Embryo develops from:​

​
a) Endosperm​
​
b) Egg​
​
c) Synergid​
​
d) Zygote​

70.​The correct pair is:​

​
a) Ovule – Stamens​
​
b) Microsporangium – Ovary​
​
c) Pollen grain – Male gametophyte​
​
d) Egg cell – Sporophyte​

71.​The integuments of the ovule develop into:​

​
a) Endosperm​
​
b) Seed coat​
​
c) Pericarp​
​
d) Embryo​

72.​Which part of the seed contains the embryo?​

​
a) Seed coat​
​
b) Cotyledon​
 ​
c) Endosperm​
​
d) Embryo proper​

73.​Banana develops without fertilization. This phenomenon is called:​

​
a) Apomixis​
​
b) Polyembryony​
​
c) Parthenocarpy​
​
d) Autogamy​

74.​Male gametes are released from pollen tube into:​

​
a) Synergid​
​
b) Antipodal cell​
​
c) Egg cell​
​
d) Central cell directly​

75.​During microsporogenesis, each microspore mother cell gives rise to:​

​
a) 1 microspore​
​
b) 2 microspores​
​
c) 4 microspores​
​
d) 8 microspores​

76.​The function of chalaza is to:​

​
a) Produce embryo sac​
​
b) Serve as a passage for nutrient entry​
​
c) Site of double fertilization​
​
d) Give rise to endosperm​

77.​The process of pollen grains falling on the stigma is known as:​

​
a) Fertilization​
​
b) Pollination​
​
c) Embryogenesis​
​
d) Fruit formation​
 78.​When the pollen grains come from the same flower, the pollination is:​
​
a) Autogamy​
​
b) Geitonogamy​
​
c) Xenogamy​
​
d) None​

79.​A typical angiosperm ovule is:​

​
a) Orthotropous​
​
b) Anatropous​
​
c) Campylotropous​
​
d) Amphitropous​

80.​The outer wall of the pollen grain is:​

​
a) Intine​
​
b) Callose​
​
c) Exine​
​
d) Sporopollenin​

🌱 Questions 81–90: Incorrect-Correct Type

81.​Identify the incorrect statement:​
​
I. Ovule develops into fruit​
​
II. Synergids degenerate after pollen tube entry​
​
III. Endosperm nourishes embryo​
​
IV. Zygote is triploid​
​
a) I and IV​
​
b) II and III​
​
c) Only IV​
​
d) All are correct​
82.​Find the correct pair:​
​
a) Endosperm – Diploid​
​
b) Antipodal – Diploid​
​
c) Generative cell – Haploid​
​
d) Zygote – Triploid​

83.​Select the correct statements:​

​
I. Embryo sac is formed inside nucellus​
​
II. Polar nuclei are haploid​
​
III. Male gametes are diploid​
​
IV. Pollen grain is a male gametophyte​
​
a) I and IV​
​
b) II and III​
​
c) I, II and IV​
​
d) All​

84.​Find the incorrect statements:​

​
I. Vegetative nucleus is involved in fertilization​
​
II. Endothecium nourishes pollen grains​
​
III. Tapetum is haploid​
​
IV. Embryo sac has three antipodal cells​
​
a) I, II, III​
​
b) II and IV​
​
c) I and III​
​
d) III only​

85.​Identify the correct options:​

​
a) Exine – Protein layer​
​
b) Intine – Cellulose and pectin​
​
c) Sporopollenin – Easily degradable​
​
 d) Vegetative cell – Fertilizes egg​

🌼 Questions 91–100: Assertion and Reasoning

91.​Assertion: In most flowering plants, endosperm development precedes embryo development.​
​
Reason: Endosperm provides nutrition to the developing embryo.​

92.​Assertion: Fertilization in angiosperms is called double fertilization.​

​
Reason: One male gamete fertilizes egg, another fuses with synergid.​

93.​Assertion: Endosperm in angiosperms is triploid.​

​
Reason: It is formed by fusion of a male gamete and two polar nuclei.​

94.​Assertion: Double fertilization is unique to angiosperms.​

​
Reason: Both male gametes are used in fertilization.​

95.​Assertion: Synergids play an important role in guiding the pollen tube.​

​
Reason: Synergids have a special structure called filiform apparatus.​

96.​Assertion: Cleistogamous flowers always ensure cross-pollination.​

​
Reason: They are always open.​

97.​Assertion: Micropyle serves as an entry point for pollen tube and water.​
​
Reason: Micropyle remains as a pore in the seed coat.​

98.​Assertion: Zygote does not divide immediately after fertilization.​

​
Reason: Zygote waits for the formation of endosperm.​

99.​Assertion: Tapetum is the innermost layer of the microsporangium.​

​
Reason: Tapetum is responsible for providing nutrition to microspores.​

100.​ Assertion: Antipodals are directly involved in fertilization.​

​
Reason: They attract the pollen tube.

Here’s the next batch of 50 NEET-level questions (Q101–Q150) on Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, with
a balanced mix of formats — standard MCQs, incorrect/correct, conceptual, and assertion-reasoning — primarily
based on NCERT.

🧬 Questions 101–130: Standard + Conceptual MCQs

101.​ Which part of the embryo sac functions as the site for syngamy?​
​
 a) Central cell​
​
b) Antipodal cells​
​
c) Egg apparatus​
​
d) Egg cell​

102.​ Which of the following cells in an embryo sac are not involved in double fertilization?​
​
a) Egg​
​
b) Synergid​
​
c) Central cell​
​
d) Antipodals​

103.​ The pollen tube usually enters the ovule through:​

​
a) Chalaza​
​
b) Micropyle​
​
c) Integument​
​
d) Hilum​

104.​ In which condition does pollination and fertilization not occur, yet fruit is formed?​
​
a) Apomixis​
​
b) Parthenocarpy​
​
c) Cleistogamy​
​
d) Autogamy​

105.​ Which of the following is not a part of the pistil?​

​
a) Ovary​
​
b) Style​
​
c) Anther​
​
d) Stigma​

106.​ How many megaspores are functional after megasporogenesis?​

​
a) 1​
​
b) 2​
​
c) 3​
 ​
d) 4​

107.​ Which structure of the embryo sac degenerates after fertilization?​

​
a) Antipodal​
​
b) Polar nuclei​
​
c) Egg​
​
d) Synergids​

108.​ Filiform apparatus is present in:​

​
a) Antipodal cells​
​
b) Egg cell​
​
c) Synergids​
​
d) Central cell​

109.​ A pollen grain has two cells. Which one enters the pollen tube first?​
​
a) Vegetative cell​
​
b) Generative cell​
​
c) Male gamete​
​
d) Nucleus​

110.​ Development of embryo without fertilization is called:​

​
a) Parthenogenesis​
​
b) Apomixis​
​
c) Polyembryony​
​
d) Vegetative propagation​

111.​ Which of the following promotes autogamy in plants?​

​
a) Cleistogamy​
​
b) Dichogamy​
​
c) Herkogamy​
​
d) Male sterility​

112.​ Exine of a pollen grain is made up of:​

​
 a) Cellulose​
​
b) Sporopollenin​
​
c) Pectin​
​
d) Lignin​

113.​ Which layer of microsporangium helps in dehiscence of anther?​

​
a) Endothecium​
​
b) Tapetum​
​
c) Epidermis​
​
d) Middle layer​

114.​ Male gametes in angiosperms are:​

​
a) Diploid​
​
b) Triploid​
​
c) Haploid​
​
d) Tetraploid​

115.​ Which part of the ovule gives rise to the embryo sac?​
​
a) Funicle​
​
b) Chalaza​
​
c) Nucellus​
​
d) Integument​

116.​ In angiosperms, functional megaspore is:​

​
a) Diploid​
​
b) Triploid​
​
c) Haploid​
​
d) Tetraploid​

117.​ What is the fate of the primary endosperm nucleus?​

​
a) Forms embryo​
​
b) Degenerates​
​
c) Forms endosperm​
 ​
d) Divides into cotyledons​

118.​ The fusion of male gamete with polar nuclei is called:​

​
a) Syngamy​
​
b) Triple fusion​
​
c) Cleavage​
​
d) Fertilization​

119.​ The male gametophyte in angiosperms is:​

​
a) Pollen grain​
​
b) Anther​
​
c) Stamen​
​
d) Tapetum​

120.​ In which of the following conditions do vegetative and generative cells form within the pollen grain
itself (before pollination)?​
​
a) 2-celled condition​
​
b) 3-celled condition​
​
c) 4-celled condition​
​
d) 1-celled condition​

121.​ Which structure in the ovule controls entry of pollen tube?​

​
a) Chalaza​
​
b) Micropyle​
​
c) Hilum​
​
d) Funicle​

122.​ The role of tapetum includes:​

​
a) Dehiscence of anther​
​
b) Nourishment of developing microspores​
​
c) Protection of embryo sac​
​
d) Seed dispersal​
123.​ Pollen viability refers to:​
​
a) Ability to dehisce​
​
b) Ability to store pollen​
​
c) Ability to cause successful fertilization​
​
d) Ability to germinate on ovule​

124.​ Pollination between two flowers on the same plant is:​

​
a) Autogamy​
​
b) Geitonogamy​
​
c) Xenogamy​
​
d) Cleistogamy​

125.​ The ploidy of the secondary nucleus before fertilization is:​

​
a) Haploid​
​
b) Diploid​
​
c) Triploid​
​
d) Tetraploid​

126.​ Endosperm is formed:​

​
a) Before syngamy​
​
b) After embryo development​
​
c) Before embryo development​
​
d) After zygote formation​

127.​ Which of these is essential for pollen germination?​

​
a) Presence of exine​
​
b) Water​
​
c) Wind​
​
d) Integuments​

128.​ Which floral part develops into a seed?​

​
a) Ovule​
​
b) Ovary​
 ​
c) Placenta​
​
d) Stigma​

129.​ Which of the following structures do not degenerate after fertilization?​

​
a) Synergids​
​
b) Egg​
​
c) Antipodal cells​
​
d) Zygote​

130.​ The ovary wall after fertilization forms the:​

​
a) Ovule​
​
b) Fruit​
​
c) Seed coat​
​
d) Embryo sac​

🌺 Questions 131–140: Incorrect-Correct Type

131.​ Identify the incorrect statement:​
​
a) Tapetum is diploid​
​
b) Microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis​
​
c) Ovule becomes seed​
​
d) Endosperm is diploid​

132.​ Find the correct statements:​

​
I. Egg is haploid​
​
II. Endosperm is diploid​
​
III. Synergid attracts pollen tube​
​
IV. Antipodals are triploid​
​
a) I and III​
​
b) II and IV​
​
c) I and IV​
​
 d) Only I​

133.​ Which is wrongly matched?​

​
a) Funicle – stalk of ovule​
​
b) Hilum – scar on seed​
​
c) Micropyle – exit of pollen tube​
​
d) Chalaza – base of ovule​

134.​ Correct set of ploidy:​

​
a) Zygote – haploid, Endosperm – triploid​
​
b) Egg – haploid, Synergid – diploid​
​
c) Generative cell – haploid, Zygote – diploid​
​
d) Embryo – triploid, Endosperm – diploid​

135.​ Find the correct statements:​

​
I. Synergid degenerates after pollen tube entry​
​
II. Vegetative cell controls pollen tube growth​
​
III. Endosperm forms embryo​
​
IV. Egg fuses with polar nuclei​
​
a) I and II​
​
b) I and III​
​
c) II and IV​
​
d) I and IV​

🌹 Questions 141–150: Assertion & Reasoning

141.​ Assertion: Tapetum degenerates after the release of microspores.​
​
Reason: It provides nutrition to developing pollen.​

142.​ Assertion: Microspore mother cell is diploid.​

​
Reason: It undergoes mitosis to form pollen.​

143.​ Assertion: Syngamy and triple fusion occur in the same embryo sac.​
​
Reason: These two events are collectively called double fertilization.​
 144.​ Assertion: Zygote divides after endosperm formation.​
​
Reason: Endosperm nourishes the developing embryo.​

145.​ Assertion: Endosperm development is always nuclear in angiosperms.​

​
Reason: Cellular type of endosperm is absent in angiosperms.​

146.​ Assertion: Antipodals play a direct role in embryo development.​

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Reason: They fuse with male gametes during fertilization.​

147.​ Assertion: Cleistogamy promotes genetic variation.​

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Reason: Cleistogamous flowers are always open for cross-pollination.​

148.​ Assertion: In most flowers, stamens and carpels mature at different times.​
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Reason: This prevents self-pollination.​

149.​ Assertion: Exine of pollen is made of sporopollenin.​

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Reason: Sporopollenin is resistant to degradation.​

150.​ Assertion: Hilum is a pore in the seed coat.​

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Reason: It marks the point of attachment of seed to the ovary.

Here is the final set of 50 NEET-level questions (Q151–Q200) on Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants,
continuing the mix of formats — standard MCQs, assertion-reasoning, conceptual, and incorrect-correct — with
heavy focus on NCERT.

🌼 Questions 151–180: MCQs (Conceptual & NCERT-based)

151.​ Which of the following floral whorls contribute to fruit formation?​
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a) Androecium​
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b) Gynoecium​
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c) Corolla​
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d) Calyx​

152.​ Which of the following is essential for fertilization to occur?​

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a) Germination of pollen grain​
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b) Entry of pollen tube into ovule​
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c) Double fertilization​
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d) All of the above​
153.​ The endosperm formed in angiosperms is:​
​
a) Haploid​
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b) Diploid​
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c) Triploid​
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d) Tetraploid​

154.​ Which of these is a post-fertilization event?​

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a) Pollination​
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b) Double fertilization​
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c) Embryo formation​
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d) Gametogenesis​

155.​ In which of the following is embryo sac monosporic?​

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a) Lilium​
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b) Polygonum​
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c) Allium​
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d) Maize​

156.​ The number of nuclei in a mature embryo sac is:​

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a) 4​
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b) 6​
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c) 7​
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d) 8​

157.​ Pollen grains of which plant are found to be most viable (months to years)?​
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a) Wheat​
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b) Rice​
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c) Rosaceae​
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d) Legumes​

158.​ The zygote in flowering plants develops into:​

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a) Seed coat​
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b) Endosperm​
 ​
c) Embryo​
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d) Ovary​

159.​ Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in sexual reproduction?​
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a) Pollination → Fertilization → Gametogenesis → Embryogenesis​
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b) Gametogenesis → Fertilization → Pollination → Embryogenesis​
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c) Gametogenesis → Pollination → Fertilization → Embryogenesis​
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d) Embryogenesis → Fertilization → Gametogenesis → Pollination​

160.​ Generative cell divides to form:​

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a) Two zygotes​
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b) Two vegetative cells​
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c) Two male gametes​
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d) Pollen tube and nucleus​

161.​ The structure that guides the pollen tube into the ovule is:​
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a) Filament​
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b) Funicle​
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c) Synergid​
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d) Micropyle​

162.​ Male gametes are released into the:​

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a) Antipodal region​
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b) Synergid​
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c) Egg cell​
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d) Central cell​

163.​ Which of the following prevents self-pollination?​

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a) Cleistogamy​
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b) Dichogamy​
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c) Homogamy​
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d) Geitonogamy​
164.​ The most common type of embryo sac in angiosperms is:​
​
a) Monosporic​
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b) Bisporic​
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c) Tetrasporic​
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d) Aposporic​

165.​ Seed coat develops from:​

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a) Ovary wall​
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b) Integuments​
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c) Funicle​
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d) Nucellus​

166.​ Which hormone promotes fruit development without fertilization?​

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a) Cytokinin​
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b) Auxin​
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c) Gibberellin​
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d) Abscisic acid​

167.​ The ploidy of the antipodal cells is:​

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a) Haploid​
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b) Diploid​
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c) Triploid​
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d) Polyploid​

168.​ Apomixis leads to:​

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a) Variation in progeny​
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b) Genetically identical offspring​
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c) Increase in gene pool​
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d) Hybrid sterility​

169.​ In angiosperms, triple fusion results in:​

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a) Endosperm​
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b) Embryo​
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c) Cotyledon​
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d) Fruit​

170.​ Which of these is most likely to lead to formation of triploid tissue?​

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a) Fusion of two haploid gametes​
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b) Syngamy​
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c) Fusion of male gamete with diploid central cell​
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d) Fusion of antipodals​

171.​ Which is an example of a unisexual flower?​

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a) Hibiscus​
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b) Pea​
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c) Maize​
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d) Rose​

172.​ The first cell of the male gametophyte is:​

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a) Microspore​
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b) Generative cell​
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c) Vegetative cell​
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d) Pollen tube​

173.​ Pollen tube discharges:​

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a) One gamete in each synergid​
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b) Both gametes into the synergid​
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c) Gametes into central cell​
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d) Gametes into antipodals​

174.​ One megaspore develops into:​

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a) One embryo sac​
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b) Two ovules​
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c) Four synergids​
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d) Two polar nuclei​
175.​ The receptive surface of the pistil is the:​
​
a) Ovary​
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b) Style​
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c) Stigma​
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d) Ovule​

176.​ Fertilization in flowering plants is unique because:​

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a) It involves a single fusion​
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b) It occurs inside the ovary​
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c) It involves double fertilization​
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d) It occurs outside the ovule​

177.​ Endosperm formation precedes:​

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a) Zygote formation​
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b) Embryo development​
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c) Seed germination​
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d) Pollen formation​

178.​ Which of these terms denotes fusion of male gamete with egg?​
​
a) Syngamy​
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b) Triple fusion​
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c) Fertilization​
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d) Both a and c​

179.​ Formation of embryo from nucellus is called:​

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a) Adventive embryony​
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b) Parthenocarpy​
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c) Apogamy​
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d) Cleistogamy​

180.​ Which of these is the site of microsporogenesis?​

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a) Pollen grain​
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b) Tapetum​
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c) Microsporangium​
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d) Pollen sac​

🌷 Questions 181–190: Incorrect–Correct

181.​ Identify the incorrect statement:​
​
a) Endothecium helps in pollen grain nourishment​
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b) Tapetum is the innermost wall layer of microsporangium​
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c) Embryo sac is 7-celled and 8-nucleated​
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d) Pollen grain is a male gametophyte​

182.​ Select the incorrect match:​

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a) Ovule – Integument and nucellus​
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b) Synergid – Filiform apparatus​
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c) Egg cell – Central cell​
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d) Funicle – Stalk of ovule​

183.​ Correct set of functions:​

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a) Tapetum – Nutrition​
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b) Endothecium – Fertilization​
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c) Antipodals – Seed dispersal​
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d) Stigma – Fruit formation​

184.​ Identify the wrong pair:​

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a) Cleistogamy – Promotes cross-pollination​
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b) Herkogamy – Prevents self-pollination​
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c) Geitonogamy – Transfer between flowers of same plant​
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d) Autogamy – Transfer within same flower​

185.​ Which is a false statement?​

​
a) Antipodals are haploid​
​
b) Zygote is diploid​
​
c) Primary endosperm nucleus is triploid​
 ​
d) Pollen tube contains two vegetative cells​

🌻 Questions 191–200: Assertion and Reasoning (A–R)

Mark the correct option:

(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

(C) A is true, R is false

(D) A is false, R is true

Assertion: In double fertilization, one sperm fuses with egg and the other with central cell.

Reason: It leads to the formation of zygote and endosperm.

Assertion: Pollination always ensures fertilization.

Reason: Pollination is the transfer of pollen to stigma.

Assertion: Parthenocarpy results in seedless fruits.

Reason: It involves fertilization followed by embryo development.

Assertion: Vegetative cell of pollen is larger than generative cell.

Reason: Generative cell forms pollen tube.

Assertion: In endospermic seeds, endosperm is not consumed.

Reason: It provides nourishment during seed germination.

Assertion: Tapetum is binucleated.

Reason: It helps in formation of pollen wall and nutrients.

Assertion: Endosperm forms before embryo in most angiosperms.

Reason: Endosperm supports the developing embryo.

Assertion: Megaspore mother cell is haploid.

Reason: It undergoes mitosis to form embryo sac.

Assertion: Herkogamy ensures cross-pollination.

Reason: Physical barrier prevents self-pollination.

Assertion: Pollen grains are preserved in fossils.

Reason: Sporopollenin is the most resistant organic material.