Name: Haider Ali
Roll No: 50
Semester: 7th (Morning)
Session: 2021-25
Subject: Research Methods in
Nutrition
Submitted to: Dr. Tauseef Sultan
Department of Human Nutrition,
Faculty of Food Science & Nutrition,
BZU, Multan
1. Title : Ready to drink iced teas from microencapsulated spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and
peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) extracts: physicochemical, bioactive and sensory
characterization
Summary: This study developed ready-to-drink iced teas using microencapsulated extracts of spearmint
and peppermint. Lemon extract (MLE) enhanced bioactive properties, increasing total phenolic content
and antioxidant activity without affecting sensory qualities. Rosmarinic acid dominated in spearmint
teas, while eriocitrin was prominent in peppermint teas. Cooling sensations characterized peppermint
formulations, showcasing the potential of microencapsulation for functional beverages.
Reference:
Shaik, M. I., Hamdi, I. H., & Sarbon, N. M. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional herbal drinks:
Physicochemical, phytochemicals and pharmacology properties. Food Chemistry Advances, 100460.
2. Title : The Control of Novel and Traditional Elemental Impurities: Ag, Au, Co, Cs, Li, Mo, Se, Sr,
and V in Mint Tea Infusions (Peppermint, Mentha piperita L.) Available in Poland: A Health
Risk Assessment
Summary: This study assessed the presence and potential health risks of novel and traditional
elemental impurities, such as silver, gold, cobalt, cesium, lithium, molybdenum, selenium, strontium,
and vanadium, in mint tea infusions available in Poland. Using ICP-MS techniques, researchers evaluated
the concentrations of these elements and compared them to health safety standards, including
provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and permitted daily exposure (PDE). Results indicated that
while elemental impurities were detected, their concentrations were significantly below levels that pose
health risks. For example, cobalt and lithium exposure from mint tea was 0.186-0.476% and 0.04-0.43%
of the established PDE values, respectively. The study concluded that the consumption of these tea
infusions does not present a health hazard. This research provides foundational data for toxicological
assessments of herbal products.
Reference: Milan, J., Frydrych, A., Noga, M., Kondratowicz-Pietruszka, E., Krośniak, M., & Jurowski,
K. (2022). The control of novel and traditional elemental impurities: Ag, Au, Co, Cs, Li, Mo, Se, Sr, and
V in mint tea infusions (peppermint, Mentha piperita L.) available in Poland: A health risk
assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 16564.
3. Title: Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita L. and
Mentha spicata L. on kidney tissue in rats.
Summary :
This study investigates the biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita L. (peppermint)
and Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) on the kidney tissues of male Wistar rats. The experiment included
four groups: a control group and three groups treated with teas prepared from M. piperita (20 g/L) or
M. spicata (20 g/L and 40 g/L). Biochemical assessments revealed that M. spicata, particularly at 40 g/L,
significantly increased plasma urea, creatinine, and lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS), while antioxidant
enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) decreased. Histopathological examinations showed dose-
dependent kidney damage, including tubular degeneration, glomerular atrophy, and mononuclear cell
infiltration in M. spicata groups, while M. piperita caused only mild histological changes without
significant biochemical alterations. These results suggest that M. spicata induces nephrotoxicity in a
dose-dependent manner, whereas M. piperita is comparatively safer.
Reference:
Milan, J., Frydrych, A., Noga, M., Kondratowicz-Pietruszka, E., Krośniak, M., & Jurowski, K. (2022). The
control of novel and traditional elemental impurities: Ag, Au, Co, Cs, Li, Mo, Se, Sr, and V in mint tea
infusions (peppermint, Mentha piperita L.) available in Poland: A health risk assessment. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 16564.
4. Title: Protective effects of Mentha piperita L. leaf essential oil against CCl4 induced hepatic
oxidative damage and renal failure in rats
Summary: The study investigates the protective effects of Mentha piperita L. essential oil (MpEO)
against liver and kidney damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) in rats. MpEO, rich in menthol
and iso-menthone, demonstrated antioxidant properties by reducing oxidative stress markers,
enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, and improving liver and kidney function at higher doses (15-40
mg/kg). Histopathological analysis confirmed that MpEO mitigated tissue damage, showing effects
comparable to the standard drug silymarin. The findings support MpEO's potential in managing oxidative
stress-related disorders
Reference:
Bellassoued, K., Ben Hsouna, A., Athmouni, K., van Pelt, J., Makni Ayadi, F., Rebai, T., & Elfeki, A.
(2018). Protective effects of Mentha piperita L. leaf essential oil against CCl 4 induced hepatic
oxidative damage and renal failure in rats. Lipids in health and disease, 17, 1-14.
5. Title: Mentha piperita phytochemicals in agriculture, food industry and medicine: Features
and applications
Summary: The article provides a comprehensive review of Mentha piperita (peppermint)
phytochemicals, emphasizing their extraction methods, bioactivities, and wide-ranging
applications in agriculture, food, and medicine. It details the influence of environmental and
agronomic factors on essential oil (EO) yield and composition, highlighting innovative strategies
like nanoparticles and plant growth regulators to enhance production. The study showcases the
antimicrobial, antioxidant, and therapeutic potential of peppermint oils, including their efficacy
against pathogens, antioxidant benefits due to phenolic compounds, and therapeutic properties
for conditions like oral mucositis and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, it explores peppermint's
utility in biopesticides, food preservation, and animal feed, noting its eco-friendly and health-
promoting attributes. The review underscores the need for further research into scalable
production and application methods
Reference: Gholamipourfard, K., Salehi, M., & Banchio, E. (2021). Mentha piperita phytochemicals in
agriculture, food industry and medicine: Features and applications. South African Journal of Botany,
141, 183-195.
6. Title: Mentha piperita: Essential Oil and Extracts, Their Biological Activities, and Perspectives
on the Development of New Medicinal and Cosmetic Products.
Summary: This comprehensive review examines the potential of Mentha piperita (peppermint) as a
source of biologically active compounds for nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It highlights
its essential oils and extracts' diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Key phytochemicals, such as menthol, menthone,
rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids like eriocitrin, contribute to its therapeutic potential. The paper also
discusses standardization, extraction techniques, and its use in complementary therapies for oxidative
stress, inflammation, and infections. It underlines the promise of peppermint in developing new
medicinal and cosmetic
Reference: Hudz, N., Kobylinska, L., Pokajewicz, K., Horčinová Sedláčková, V., Fedin, R., Voloshyn, M., ...
& Lipok, J. (2023). Mentha piperita: essential oil and extracts, their biological activities, and perspectives
on the development of new medicinal and cosmetic products. Molecules, 28(21), 7444.
7. Title: Optimizing Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Properties of Peppermint (Mentha
piperita L.) by Integrative Application of Biofertilizer and Stress-Modulating Nanoparticles
under Drought Stress Conditions.
Summary: This study investigates the impact of biofertilizers (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,
Myco-Root) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) on peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
under drought stress. Using a range of irrigation regimes (well-watered, mild, and severe
drought stress), the research demonstrates that the integrative application of Myco-Root and
TiO2 NPs enhances peppermint's dry yield, essential oil (EO) content, and major EO constituents
(e.g., menthol and menthone). The combination also improves photosynthetic pigments,
antioxidant activity, water use efficiency, and secondary metabolites like phenolics and
flavonoids. The findings suggest that sustainable agricultural practices employing Myco-Root
and TiO₂ NPs can mitigate drought stress effects and optimize peppermint production.
Reference: Ostadi, A., Javanmard, A., Amani Machiani, M., & Kakaei, K. (2022). Optimizing antioxidant
activity and phytochemical properties of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) by integrative application of
biofertilizer and stress-modulating nanoparticles under drought stress conditions. Plants, 12(1), 151.
8. Title: The Influence of Microwave Treatments on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant
Capacity of Mentha piperita L.
Summary: This study examines the effects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) on the bioactive
compounds and antioxidant capacity of Mentha piperita L. Microwave treatments significantly
enhanced the extraction of polyphenols, flavonoids, chlorophylls, and carotenoids compared to
conventional methods. The study found increased antioxidant capacities (via DPPH and FRAP assays)
in samples subjected to microwave treatments, particularly with optimized protocols like
intermittent exposure. Results also showed a positive correlation between antioxidant properties
and pigment concentration. The research supports MAE as a faster, energy-efficient, and effective
alternative for high-quality extraction, potentially replacing traditional methods.
References:
Bandici, L., Teusdea, A. C., Soproni, V. D., Hathazi, F. I., Arion, M. N., Molnar, C. O., & Vicas, S. I. (2022).
The influence of microwave treatments on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of Mentha
piperita L. Materials, 15(21), 7789.
