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Upward, Downward, Diagonal and
Horizontal
Types of Communication – On the basis of Direction
Downward communication is when company leaders and managers share information with lower-
level employees. Unless requested as part of the message, the senders don’t usually expect (or
particularly want) to get a response. An example may be an announcement of a new CEO or notice
of a merger with a former competitor.
Information moving from lower-level employees to high-level employees is upward
communication (also sometimes called vertical communication). For example, upward
communication occurs when workers report to a supervisor or when team leaders report to a
department manager.
Horizontal communication involves the exchange of information across departments at the same
level in an organization (i.e., peer-to-peer communication). The purpose of most horizontal
communication is to request support or coordinate activities.
Diagonal communication is cross-functional communication between employees at different
levels of the organization. For example, if the vice president of sales sends an e-mail to the vice
president of manufacturing asking when a product will be available for shipping, this is an example
of horizontal communication. But if a sales representative e-mails the vice president of marketing,
then diagonal communication has occurred.
Q1 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 26-December-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 17
Correct Answer: 4
Q2 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 29-November-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 18
Correct Answer: 1
Q3 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 26-November-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 18
Correct Answer: 1
Q4 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 26-November-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 18
Correct Answer: 4
Q5 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 04-December-2019 Shift 1 Q.No. 11
Correct Answer: 1
Interpersonal and Intrapersonal
Intrapersonal communication
Intrapersonal communication is the type of communication where the sender and the receiver of the
messages are the same individuals.
E.g.: When we do self-talking
Interpersonal communication
In interpersonal communication, there is the sharing of information among people. Here the sender
and receiver are two different persons.
It can be formal-informal or even verbal- a nonverbal type of communication.
E.g.: Face to face talking between two people.
Q6 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 29-November-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 16
Correct Answer: 3
Q7 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 29-November-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 18
Correct Answer: 3
Q8 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 22-November-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 19
Correct Answer: 1
Q9 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 05-November-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 16
Correct Answer: 3
Q10 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 01-October-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 20
Correct Answer: 2
Q11 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 25-September-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 19
Correct Answer: 4
Q12 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 25-June-2019 Shift 1 Q.No. 19
Correct Answer: 1
Q13 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 24-June-2019 Shift 1 Q.No. 19
Correct Answer: 4
Q14 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 20-December-2018 Shift 1 Q.No. 17
Correct Answer: 2
Group and Mass Communication
Intrapersonal communication
> Intrapersonal communication is the process by which an individual communicates within
themselves, acting as both sender and receiver of messages, and encompasses the use of unspoken
words to consciously engage in self-talk and inner speech.
Two-way communication
> Two-way communication is a form of transmission in which both parties involved transmit
information. Two-way communication has also been referred to as interpersonal communication.
> Common forms of two-way communication are: Amateur radio, CB or FRS radio contacts.
Chatrooms and instant messaging. Computer networks.
Group Communication
> Group communication is the act of sending and receiving messages to multiple members of a
group. In a business environment, groups often use this type of communication to exchange ideas,
determine goals and motivate other members.
Small Group Communication
> Communication in small groups consists of three or more people who share a common goal and
communicate collectively to achieve it. During small group communication, interdependent
participants analyze data, evaluate the nature of the problem, decide and provide a possible solution
or procedure.
Mass communication
> Mass communication is the process of imparting and exchanging information through mass media
to large segments of the anonymous population. It is usually understood for relating to various
forms of media, as its technologies are used for the dissemination of information, of which
journalism and advertising are part.
Downward Communication
> Downward communication is the act of relaying important information in a company or
organization from higher levels to lower levels.
Network Communication
> Network communication, or internetworking, defines a set of protocols (that is, rules and
standards) that allow application programs to talk with each other without regard to the hardware
and operating systems where they are run.
Public Communication
> Public communication happens when a person or a group of people gather and start sharing
information to an audience or give a presentation on certain topics to deliver a message.
Mass- Line Communication
> It is a political, leadership method that involved communication with the masses which was non-
manipulative and mindful of their needs and knowledge.
> In Mass Line communication, the leaders do not dominate and over power the masses, rather, rely
on the masses themselves to deal with the issues concerning them.
> In a communication like this, the masses were to be inspired and energized to stand for their
rights.
> It was a similar technique that was observed in the life of Mahatma Gandhi during the freedom
struggle in India.
Q15 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 03-December-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 20
Correct Answer: 2
Q16 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 01-December-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 16
Correct Answer: 4
Q17 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 30-November-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 18
Correct Answer: 2
Q18 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 12-November-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 13
Correct Answer: 3
Q19 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 05-November-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 20
Correct Answer: 3
Q20 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 17-October-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 16
Correct Answer: 3
Q21 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 17-October-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 20
Correct Answer: 1
Q22 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 30-September-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 20
Correct Answer: 3
Q23 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 30-September-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 20
Correct Answer: 2
Q24 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 29-September-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 19
Correct Answer: 3
Synchronous Asynchronous
synchronous communications are scheduled, real-time interactions by phone, video, or in-person.
Asynchronous communication happens on your own time and doesn't need scheduling.
Q25 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 29-November-2021 Shift 1 Q.No. 19
Correct Answer: 1
Q26 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 25-September-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 49
Correct Answer: 1
Q27 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 24-September-2020 Shift 1 Q.No. 47
Correct Answer: 3
Q28 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 06-December-2019 Shift 1 Q.No. 32
Correct Answer: 3
Q29 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 21-June-2019 Shift 1 Q.No. 19
Correct Answer: 2
Q30 - PYQ from - UGC-NET 20-June-2019 Shift 1 Q.No. 3
Correct Answer: 1
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