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AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
MARCH 2025
2 HOURS.

KLMSEN
KLMSEN
SCHOOLS
SCHOOLS

JOINT EXAMINATION 1, 2025

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) 2025

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.

 This paper consists of three sections. A, B and C

 Answer all questions in section A and B
 In section C answer any two questions in the spaces provided.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Section Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
A 1 – 15 30
B 16 – 19 20
C 20 20
21 20
22 20
Total 90

This paper consists of 11 printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are printed as indicated and no

questions are missing.

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 SECTION A: (30 MARKS )
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. What is floriculture? (1 mark)
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2. Give two ways in which agriculture contributes directly to the development of industries.
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3. State four physical characteristics that can be used to classify soils. (2 marks)
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4. List four climatic factors that influence crop production. (2 marks)
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5. Outline four characteristics of clay soil (2 marks)
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6. List four effects of soil pH on crop production. (2 marks)
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7. Outline four disadvantages of organic mulch in crop production. (2 marks)
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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION

8. (a) Name two methods used in frame formation in tea. (1 mark)
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(b) Give three reasons why rough lemon is used as rootstock in citrus production. (1½ marks)
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9. Outline three factors that influence mass wasting. (1½ marks)
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10. State four importance of raising crops in nursery before transplanting. (2 marks)
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11. Give four methods of seed treatment. (2 marks)
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12. (a) What is land reform? (1 mark)
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(b) Name three conditions that may lead to subdivision of agricultural land. (1 ½ mark)
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13. Distinguish between volatilization and leaching (1 mark)
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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION

 ii. List three factors that affect the efficiency of the pesticide. (1 ½ marks)
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14. Outline four advantages of drip irrigation (2 marks)
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15. (a) State four roles of Calcium in crop production. (2 marks)
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(b) Name three conditions under which opportunity cost is zero. (1 ½ mark)
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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION

 SECTION B: 20 MARKS
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
16. The diagrams below show a practice carried out on a crop on the farm. Study them carefully and
answer the questions that follow.

Before After
(a) Identify the practice in diagram B (1 mark)
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(b) State the importance of the practice in diagram B tothe following crops: (3marks)
Irish potatoes
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Maize
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Tobacco
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(c) At what stage of growth should the above practice be carried out in maize? (1 mark)
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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION

17. Study the illustrations of vegetative propagation L, M and N and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the method of vegetative propagation illustrated in: (3 marks)

Diagram L: ……………………………………………………………………………………
Diagram M: ……………………………………………………………………………………
Diagram N: ……………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name tools used to carry out the method of propagation illustrated in diagram M above.
( 2marks)
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18. (a) Give two harmful effects of high population density in cabbage production. (2 marks)
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(b) Calculate the plant population per hectare of cabbage at a spacing of 100cm by 50 cm.
(Show your working.) (3 marks)
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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION

19. Study a section of the diagram of a soil conservation practice shown above, then answer the
questions that follow:

(a) Identify two soil conservation practice on the diagram other than grass wall.
(2 mark)
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(b) Explain three ways in which grass wall helps to conserve the soil. (3marks)
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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION

 SECTION C - (40 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after Q22.
20. (a) Explain five agricultural ways that control water pollution (5mks)
(b)Describe five principles considered when drawing a rotational programme in crop production.
(5mks)
(b) What are the advantages of a mixed grass – legume pasture over a pure grass pasture?
(10 marks)
21. (a) State five advantages of timely planting maize crop. (5 marks)
(b) Explain five roles irrigation in rice production (5mks)
(b) State and explain the three-form soil which soil water exists. (6 marks)
(c) Explain precautions the farmer should consider when harvesting cotton. (4 marks)

22. (i) Describe the production of cabbage seedlings under the following subheadings.
(a) Nursery establishment. (6mks)
(b) Pricking out of seedling. (4mks)
(c) Pests control (2mks)
(ii) Outline eight practices which help in disease control in crops. (8mks)

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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION

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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION

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KLMSEN 2025 AGRICULTURE PAPER ONE EXAMINATION