7

Answer Key

New Delhi • Mumbai • Chennai • Kolkata • Bengaluru • Hyderabad • Kochi • Guwahati

 1. Nouns

Exercise 1
proper common
1. Sheela dog, walk
2. – crowd, match
3. – apples, basket
4. Ganga, Hindus river
5. Karan cake

Exercise 2
1. album – photographs
2. bunch – grapes, keys
3. crew – sailors
4. flight – stairs
5. litter – puppies
6. flock – sheep, birds
7. pack – cards
8. pride – lions
9. herd – cattle
10. gaggle – geese
11. gang – thieves
12. shoal – fish
13. grove – trees
14. set – tools
15. string – pearls
16. chest – drawers
17. swarm – bees
18. library – books
19. team – players
20. suite – rooms

Exercise 3
common proper collective abstract
king Akbar troupes intelligence
courtier Birbal – honesty
court Delhi – wit
artists – – humour
– – – merriment
– – – laughter

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Exercise 4
1. kindness  2.  freedom  3.  truth  4.  activity  5.  
decision  6.  
hardship
7. timidity  8.  
privacy  9.  
justice  10.  
strength

Exercise 5
1. obedience  2.  depth  3.  
growth  4.   treatment  5.   movement
6. strength  7.  
appointment  8.  
cowardice  9.   nobility  10.  
friendship

2. Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Exercise 1
1. Can I have a slice of bread?
2. Put these chocolates in the fridge.
3. How many languages do you know?
4. I saw four people standing near our gate.
5. Please give me some money.
6. How much flour do I need to bake a cake?
7. Knowledge is a precious thing.
8. All the friends went to watch the match.
9. Please do not park your car here.
10. Submit your assignment in a file.

countable nouns uncountable nouns

slice, chocolates, fridge, languages, people, gate, bread, money, flour, knowledge
cake, thing, friends, match, car, assignment, file

Exercise 2
1. sheet 2. litres 3. bottles 4. plank
5. cake 6. kilos 7. piece 8. slice

Exercise 3
1. There is some coffee in the cup.
2. How many boys have failed?
3. The teacher has a lot of knowledge.
4. There is much rice in my bowl.
5. The builder has a few bricks.
6. Do we have many spoons?
7. I don’t think he eats much bread.
8. Did Aman have much choice?

3. Adjectives

Exercise 1
1. There was heavy damage to buildings in that area. attributively
2. Gauri called several times. attributively
3. The children were excited about the picnic. predicatively
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 4. Mani was absent last week. predicatively
5. Kolkata is a large city. attributively
6. The wise man waited patiently. attributively
7. The first prize was taken by a young child. attributively, attributively
8. The last train leaves at 11.30 p.m. attributively
9. Some dreams often seem real. attributively, predicatively
10. This book is a good read. attributively, attributively
(In questions 9 and 10 the words some and this are determiners.)

Exercise 2

positive comparative superlative

black blacker blackest
unjust more unjust most unjust
lazy lazier laziest
tired more tired most tired
wonderful more wonderful most wonderful
brilliant more brilliant most brilliant
little less least
few fewer fewest
handsome more handsome most handsome
cute cuter cutest
bright brighter brightest

Exercise 3
1. elder  2.   later  3.  
happier  4.  youngest  5.  honest  6.  
most expensive
7. most intelligent  8.  older  9.  hottest  10.  
most precious

Exercise 4

1. love book love story

2. guard table guard dog
3. fairy theatre fairy tale
4. computer news computer table
5. tomato tale tomato ketchup
6. world story world news
7. home dog home theatre
8. complaint ketchup complaint book

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Exercise 5
1. The boys threw stones at the street dog.
2. Fruit salad is a good way to start a meal.
3. A bowl of mother’s chicken soup made me feel well again.
4. Crop cultivation techniques are improving every year.
5. Some of the school teachers are on strike.

Exercise 6
1. lovely 2. sickly 3. friendly 4. lonely
5. kindly

Exercise 7
1. snoring 2. barking 3. worried, missing 4. outraged
5. pressing 6. learned 7. creaking 8. Fascinated, gliding
9. talking 10. laughing 11. boring 12. fitting
13. depressed 14. exciting 15. interesting

4. The Articles

Exercise 1
1. 
an  2.  
a  3.  
an  4.  
a  5.  
a  6.  
an  7.  
A, an  8.  
an  9.  
a, an, a
  10.   An

Exercise 2
1. a  2.  an  3.  an  4.  
a  5.   a  7.  
  6.   an, a, an, a  8.  
, a
  9.   A,   10.  
a, 

Exercise 3
a, a, , An, an, an, a, 

Exercise 4
1. an, the, the, the, the, the, an, an, a
2. the, the, The, the, an, The, the, the, an, a
3. an, an, the, the, the, a, The, the, a, a, the

Exercise 5
1. The Amazon is the longest river in the world.
2. I went to buy an Arab horse.
3. The deeper the well, the better the water.
4. You are a fool to talk like this.
5. The dog is considered to be a faithful animal.
6. This is a romantic novel.
7. An old man is walking on the road.
8. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

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 5. Pronouns

Exercise 1
1. him  2.  He, I  3.  
They  4.  
they  5.  
it, it  6.  
We  7.  
all, the
  8.   me  9.  
It  10.  me, I, it

Exercise 2
1. herself  2.  
themselves  3.  
herself  4.  
himself  5.  
myself  6.  
ourselves
  7.   myself  8.  
herself  9.  
himself  10.  
ourselves

Exercise 3
1. mine  2.  yours  3.  
your, mine  4.  
mine  5.  
mine, yours  6.  
ours
  7.   yours  8.  
theirs

Exercise 4
1. Preeti, who won the first prize, is my friend.
2. The thief, who stole a camera, has been caught.
3. The man who is visually challenged was helped by you.
4. I saw a bird which was singing.
5. This is the book which I lent you.

Exercise 5
1. whom  2.  
who  3.  
which  4.  
who  5.  
which  6.  
whom  7.  

  8.   who

Exercise 6
Suggested answers:
1. What did you eat?/Who ate the pizza?
2. Who inaugurated the auditorium?
3. Who saw the movie?
4. What does he do?
5. What is his job?
6. What did you buy from Kolkata?
7. What are you reading?
8. Who is knocking at the door?
9. What do you want?
10. What do you like the most?
11. Whose is this book?

Exercise 7
1. no one, nobody  2.  somebody  3.   either  4.  
Each  5.   few
  6.   no one  7.   either  8.  
Either  9.  
anybody  10.  Everybody

Exercise 8
1. These/Those are the books my friend gave me.
2. These/Those are the boys who were punished.
3. Those are Jamal’s friends.

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 4.All these/those are the people who have to go to jail.
5.These/Those are your pens.
6.Remove the plates on the table. Those are dusty.
7.These/Those are presents from my family and friends.
8.Those who want to participate in the swimming competition must register their names
today.
9. Look at the pots here. These are imported from China.
10. My ideas are the same as those of the group.

6. Prepositions

Exercise 1
1. along  2.   under  3.  outside  4.  in  5.  in addition to  6.  
on behalf of
  7.   along with  8.  
beneath  9.   without  10.  
in front of

Exercise 2
Suggested answers:
1. in  2.  in front of  3.  
at  4.  
near  5.  
in  6.   beside  7.  
Among
  8.   in  9.  
on  10.   at  11.  
at  12.  
in  13.  
on/at  14.  in

Exercise 3
1. since  2.  
on  3.  for  4.  
on, at  5.  
since  6.  
at, till  7.  
from, till
  8.   on  9.  
after  10.  
during

Exercise 4
1. The children ran around the house all evening. place
2. On our holiday, we drove through the towns of Dwarka and time, direction,
Jamnagar. source
3. Karan opened the bottle with a steel opener. cause
4. We did not go to office today. We had a holiday. place
5. The children played in the pool. place
6. A huge function was planned by the management to celebrate
the company’s twenty-fifth anniversary. cause
7. Here is the present that you were waiting for. purpose
8. The light bulb was invented by Thomas Alva Edison. cause
9. The old man sat among the children to tell his stories. place
10. The moon does not shine with its own light. cause

Exercise 5
1. after, at  2.   on  3.   for  4.  on, for  5.  with  6.  
beside, on  7.  
of
  8.   for, in, for  9.  
by, to  10.  
on, with  11.  through  12.  with  13.  on
  14.   besides  15.   at

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 7. Determiners

Exercise 1
1. Whose  2.  Which  3.  this  4.  
every  5.  
no  6.   Every  7.  each
  8.   the  9.  
any  10.  
These  11.  many  12.  The, the  13.  that  14.  his
  15.   many

Exercise 2
1. no  2.   a lot of  3.  
a few  4.  
Some  5.  
neither  6.  
Neither  7.  
whole
  8.   a little

Exercise 3
1. They did not see any tigers in Sariska.
2. The man in white uniform is a naval officer.
3. Those two girls help each other.
4. The latter part of the movie was really interesting.
5. Ms Austin is the oldest teacher in our school.
6. Your school is next to mine.
7. Anmol took away the little sugar I had in the jar.
8. This cake has no eggs but it has some cocoa.
9. Please pass me some salt.
10. What time will they come?

8. The Verb – Regular and Irregular Forms

Exercise 1
1. Priya doesn’t live in Delhi.
2. Are they working on a new assignment?
3. Maya laughs loudly.
4. Mona is a dress designer.
5. Harsh has driven down from Haridwar.
6. I do understand your feelings.
7. Tapan does the dishes every night.
8. When does the train reach Hyderabad?
9. Himmat was always punctual, even as a child.
10. All the tickets were sold on the first day.
11. We do enjoy a well-made film.
12. The new band has dedicated their first song to all their teachers.
13. Raghav has a job with a prestigious software firm.
14. Kaya likes Indian classical music.
15. The children were making faces at the monkeys.

Exercise 2
The answers will vary from student to student.

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Exercise 3
1. went gone 6. skipped skipped
2. took taken 7. stole stolen
3. marked marked 8. kept kept
4. scored scored 9. danced danced
5. tried tried 10. drank drunk

Exercise 4
1. scolded  2.   danced  3.  
cut  4.  
wore  5.  
flew  6.  
drove  7.  
shine
  8.   folded  9.  
lied  10.  
blew, sped

9. The Sentence

Exercise 1
1. The planet is getting warmer.
2. The world population is increasing.
3. English is an international language.
4. We cannot have peace without progress.
5. We celebrate the Republic Day with great pomp and show.
6. Do you like to go to the movies?
7. This bag is made of leather.
8. Janiya is good at tennis.

Exercise 2

subject predicate
1. Tarun is quite late
2. the birds Out of the tree flew
3. The lost child cried helplessly
4. The mountains rose into the blue sky
5. Little Nina laughed happily
6. the troop of children Down to the river went
watched the fireworks
7. Several people
with joy
8. The child ate the cake hungrily
Into the valley of death
9. the six hundred soldiers
rode
10. The children heard a loud noise

Exercise 3
1. He attends school regularly.
2. We have time.
3. The young man is not honest in his work.
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 4. The floods do not come every year.
5. I have seen the Jog Falls.
6. Ankita does not have to submit the project tomorrow.
7. Ashraf will attend the party.
8. Tamanna and I are not going to the park.
9. The new boy in the class made many friends.
10. Mona cannot speak French fluently.

Exercise 4
1. Open your books.
2. Please help the poor.
3. Do not walk on the grass.
4. Stop talking!
5. Don’t take medicine without a doctor’s advice.

Exercise 5
1. Can Geeta dance very well?
2. Have they won the match?
3. Is this a good book?
4. Should we obey our parents?
5. Must Manu take the night train?
6. Did Mary teach you English?
7. Does it rain heavily during the monsoon?
8. Do I play badminton?
9. Does Charu go to dance class every Friday?
10. Does Zahid paint quite well?

Exercise 6
1. A cow lives on grass.
2. You are feeling better today.
3. Let me help you.
4. You must work hard now.
5. I hate liars.

Exercise 7
Suggested answers:
1. Alas! I have committed a blunder.
2. What a beautiful day!
3. May god bless you!
4. Alas! He could not make it to the top of Mt Everest.
5. Wow! How beautiful the Taj is!

Exercise 8
1. exclamatory  2.   imperative  3.  imperative  4.  declarative  5.  
imperative
  6.   interrogative  7.  
declarative  8.  
interrogative  9.  
imperative
  10.   imperative

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Exercise 9
The answers will vary from student to student.

10. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Exercise 1
1. The soldiers fought the enemy. transitive
2. The gunshot killed the man. transitive
3. The soldiers fought bravely. intransitive
4. Zohra drove the car. transitive
5. He laughed heartily. intransitive
6. The horn blew loudly. intransitive
7. He killed the tiger. transitive
8. The moon shines dimly. intransitive
9. The plants grew in the greenhouse. intransitive
10. Birds fly in the air. intransitive

Exercise 2

verb direct object indirect object

1. bought clothes him
2. wrote a letter her
3. gave a treat his friends
4. offered a raise her maid
5. awarded a scholarship the winner
6. teaches golf me
7. gave some pocket money him
8. told a secret me
9. pass the salt me
10. tell the way to the mall me

11. Finite and Non-Finite Verbs

Exercise 1

finite verbs non-finite verbs

1. works to earn
2. won scoring

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 3. caught _
4. are _
5. fly _
6. caught _
7. sang to earn
8. worked to complete
9. will help, solving
10. is to answer
11. ran to make
12. controls, run to make

Exercise 2
1. to know  2.   to go  3.   show, to work  4.   to solve  5.  go, to meet
  6.   dance, sing  7.  to complete  8.   speak, to join  9.   stand  10.   to participate

Exercise 3
Suggested answers:
1. to reach  2.  to help  3.  
to take  4.  
to pass  5.  
to sing  6.  
to dance
  7.   to prepare  8.  to be  9.  
to paint  10.  
to cry

Exercise 4
1. We rang the railway enquiry to ask for some information.
2. The students went to a restaurant to have dinner.
3. Sheila has gone to Australia to attend a conference.
4. They use no spices to cook their food.
5. The university appointed Lily to teach English.
6. I went to the exhibition to buy some books.
7. The people crowded round the fire to warm their hands.
8. When the bell rang the children were happy to go home.
9. I opened the box to look into it.
10. Umesh drove very fast to reach the airport on time.

Exercise 5
1. I saw a girl carrying a basket of roses.
2. I heard the dog barking at Abhishek.
3. I saw Lata passing by my shop.
4. The broken vase was very expensive.
5. This is a winning essay.
6. Many cultures worship the rising sun.
7. Don’t get off from a running vehicle.
8. I found her weeping.

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 9. Laila was tired.
10. Sushma gave a chocolate to the crying child.

Exercise 6
1. Ira saw some ladies chatting in the bus.
2. I heard a loud scream coming from the house.
3. We looked at the beggar wearing torn clothes.
4. Sheila went to the party wearing a new dress.
5. The boy sat on the recently painted chair.

Exercise 7
1. Gambling is a bad habit. gerund
2. We saw him stealing your money. participle
3. Kapil loves to play basketball. infinitive
4. They decided to go on a picnic. infinitive
5. Playing cards is his hobby. gerund
6. Smoking is prohibited here. gerund, participle
7. To see is to believe. infinitive
8. Have you heard the story of the dancing wolves? participle, participle
9. What did Hanuman ask the demon to do? infinitive
10. The new law forbids cutting of trees. gerund

12. Modal Auxiliaries

Exercise 1
1. May  2.  
Could  3.  
may  4.  
might  5.  
might  6.  
could  7.  
must
  8.   May  9.  
might  10.  
may

Exercise 2
1. shall  2.  
will  3.  
shall  4.  
shall  5.  
Shall  6.  
Will, shall  7.  
shall
  8.   will

Exercise 3
1. Would  2.   s hould  3.  w ould  4.  w ould  5.  
W ould  6.  
s hould
  7.   would  8.  
Should  9.  
would  10.  
would

Exercise 4
1. The examiner told Sunil that he could leave the hall if he liked.
2. The mother blessed her son and wished he might prosper.
3. I will not fail even though I die.
4. You should take care of your health.
5. He may go home tomorrow./He can go home tomorrow.
6. I would leave early./I could leave early.
7. You might know the consequences of your action.
8. We must respect our parents./We should respect our parents.

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 13. Adverbs

Exercise 1
1. happily — manner
2. before — time
3. lately — time
4. rarely — frequency
5. well — manner
6. away — place
7. never — frequency
8. always — frequency

Exercise 2
Suggested answers:
2. hard  3.   very  4.   hard  5.  
quite  6.  
extremely  7.  
too  8.  
rather
9. well, now  10.  directly

Exercise 3
2. almost  3.  
m ore  4.  
q uite  5.  
r ather  6.  
c ompletely  7.  
e ntirely
8. so

adverb modifies
2. almost verb finished
3. more adjective important
4. quite adjective older
5. rather adverb beautifully
6. completely verb taken
7. entirely adjective untrue
8. so adjective angry

Exercise 4

adverb modifies
1. anyway adjective good
2. in fact adjective good
3. at last verb arrived
4. midway verb stopped
5. hand-in-hand verb walked

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Exercise 5
1. clearly — more clearly, most clearly
2. well — better, best
3. little — less, least
4. near — nearer, nearest
5. beautifully — more beautifully, most beautifully
6. high — higher, highest
7. early — earlier, earliest
8. nicely — more nicely, most nicely

Exercise 6
1. lovingly  2.   deeply  3.  
doubly  4.  
safely  5.  
directly  6.  
wearily
  7.   bitterly  8.  
lately

Exercise 7
1. directly  2.  
lovingly  3.  
doubly  4.  
deeply  5.  
safely  6.  
lately
  7.   wearily  8.  
bitterly

14. Subject-Verb Agreement

Exercise 1

subject verb
1. Simran plays
2. the school team, (simple subject: team) played
3. all your classmates, (simple subject: classmates) are waiting
4. swimming is
5. Mother told
6. the excited children, (simple subject: children) danced
7. we went
8. an interesting book, (simple subject: book) was

Exercise 2
1. Rashi and Preeti is/are students.
2. Angry Tom and naughty Jerry are/is my favourite
cartoon characters.
3. Gopal and I was/were watching a movie.
4. The producer and director of the film is/are also its writer.
5. The rising and setting of the sun causes/cause day and night.
6. Sodium and chlorine is/are the components of salt.
7. My sister and brother also studies/study in this school.
8. Knowledge and wisdom are/is equally important for success.

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Exercise 3
1. take  2.  
is  3.  
helps  4.  
Has  5.  
are  6.  
feels  7.  
was  8.  
wants

Exercise 4
1. Wrong
Five and three make eight.
2. Wrong
Neither his father nor his mother approves of his subject choice at college.
3. Wrong
Meera goes with her mother to the temple every day.
4. Wrong
Copper and zinc are used to make brass.
5. Correct
6. Correct
7. Wrong
Not one of the examinees has got all the answers right as the test was very difficult.
8. Wrong
Six hundred kilometres is too long a distance to drive in one day.
9. Wrong
Each of the members is requested to pay five hundred rupees.
10. Wrong
When writing an essay, the formation of paragraphs is very important.
11. Correct
12. Wrong
The deer as well as the zebra is a herbivore.
13. Wrong
None of the staff knows where the files are.
14. Correct
15. Correct

15. Conjunctions

Exercise 1
1. They arrived after we had left. single
2. The children were so noisy that I could not sleep. correlative
3. Neither money nor property is more important than life. correlative
4. Stop behaving as if you don’t know what is happening. compound
5. Stay with us unless you wish to get lost. single
6. This is a lovely house, only I cannot afford to buy it. single
7. Varun and Hari went to Amritsar. single
8. Anil as well as Aparna has decided to study economics. compound

Exercise 2
1. He is not only an artist but also an engineer. coordinating
2. I don’t know whether this train goes to Delhi. subordinating

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 3. Please speak to him or he will feel hurt. coordinating
4. The doors will not open until you press the release button. subordinating
5. Praful will arrive when it pleases him. subordinating
6. The child smiled so sweetly that his mother relented to buy him a large subordinating
bar of candy.
7. Saran was quite badly hurt during the game, yet he decided to continue coordinating
playing.
8. Make hay while the sun shines. subordinating
9. I cannot give you these tickets for I have always wanted to see this show. coordinating
10. Mr Prasad is fairly strict, yet his subordinates respect him. coordinating
11. Pallavi as well as Gaurav voted for me. coordinating
12. Give me your life or your money. coordinating
13. I have neither the time nor the inclination to listen to your gossip. coordinating
14. If we had asked for help, we would surely have received it. subordinating
15. Poonam danced so well that everybody praised her. subordinating

Exercise 3
1. that  2.   but  3.  
not only, but also  4.  so, that  5.  
So, that  6.  
When
7. Hardly, when  8.  
Where  9.   either, or  10.   If

Exercise 4
Suggested answers:
1. Please rest or you will fall ill.
2. They laughed so hard that tears rolled down their cheeks.
3. Though they were quite disheartened, they continued to work on the project.
4. We stayed with our friends because they had invited us.
5. He studied really hard, yet he did not score well in the exam.
6. You can either stay and finish this assignment or complete it at home today.
7. You must buy a new dress as well as new shoes for the party.
8. Hina spoke rudely but regretted it almost immediately.
9. She has planned the trip so well that they will have a good time.
10. Umang will take Ravi to the station because Ravi wants him to.
11. Since the programme was well organized, it started and ended on time.
12. As you are only 17, you cannot vote.
13. Though our tyre was punctured, the journey was smooth.
14. Sohail can’t blame either me or Sreenath./Sohail can blame neither me nor Sreenath.
15. Though Sachin was not well he played the whole match.

16. The Present Tense

Exercise 1
1. plays  2.  sets  3.  meet  4.  
reaches  5.  
look  6.  
Take  7.  
are
8. Cross, is  9.  
is  10.  
throws

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Exercise 2
1. We are having three rooms in the house.
We have three rooms in the house.
2. They are working hard to achieve their goal.
No correction needed.
3. I am reading an exciting book these days.
No correction needed.
4. This dress is fitting very well.
This dress fits very well.
5. Maya is making cards and candles for Diwali.
No correction needed.
6. We are planning a surprise party for Rashmi’s birthday.
No correction needed.
7. Our parents are reaching after a week.
Our parents reach after a week.
8. I am hearing a strange noise.
I hear a strange noise.
9. He is looking for a new house.
No correction needed.
10. This paper is appearing every Sunday.
This paper appears every Sunday.

Exercise 3
stative verbs dynamic verbs
1. am being (correct: am)
2. _ take, heat
3. _ is jogging
4. _ walks
5. can see _
6. own _
7. is containing (correct: contains) _
8. _ clean
9. _ am repairing
10. am preferring (correct: prefer) _

Exercise 4
1. have bought  2.   have eaten  3.   have collected  4.  
have begun
5.  have had 6. have packed   7.  has gone   8.  have not seen
9.  have always travelled   10. has just lost

Exercise 5
1. have been watching   2.  have been reading   3.  have been not feeling
4. has not been visiting   5.  have been living   6.  have been reading

18
 7. has been giving   8.  has been playing   9.  have been waiting
10. have been playing   11.  have been learning   12.  Has, been raining
13. have not been talking   14.  have not been listening   15.  has been performing

17. The Past Tense

Exercise 1
1. (a) There wasn’t a lovely house here.
(b) Was there a lovely house here?
2. (a) The old people did not enjoy the picnic.
(b) Did the old people enjoy the picnic?
3. (a) I didn’t write a letter to my mother.
(b) Did I write a letter to my mother?
4. (a) The driver didn’t fall asleep during the journey.
(b) Did the driver fall asleep during the journey?
5. (a) People weren’t happy with the new king.
(b) Were people happy with the new king?
6. (a) People didn’t carry their belongings on their heads.
(b) Did people carry their belongings on their heads?
7. (a) The party wasn’t over early.
(b) Was the party over early?
8. (a) Everybody didn’t laugh at the clown’s funny antics.
(b) Did everybody laugh at the clown’s funny antics?

Exercise 2
1. It started to rain while we were walking home from school.
2. I liked the new movie.
3. They had two cars but they sold one last month.
4. I told them not to disturb me. At that time I was studying for the exams.
5. The child was crying because he couldn’t see his mother.
6. The parents were waiting to meet the principal.
7. My sister stayed for dinner since I was baking her favourite dish.
8. When I got home, my dog was waiting for me at the door.

Exercise 3
1. laughed  2.   travelled  3.  went, began  4.   sentenced  5.  
addressed
6. was drowning, jumped, saved   7.  was, found, grew   8.  did not know, allowed
9. was finishing, was cleaning   10.  was still cooking, arrived

Exercise 4
went, was returning, bit, consulted, recommended, went, hated

Exercise 5
1. had done   2.  had not seen, wondered, was   3.  wanted   4.  agreed, drove
5.  set, descended  6.  
came  7.   asked  8.   had reached, arrived
9.  knew, had kept

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Exercise 6
1. had been working   2.  had been sleeping   3.  had not studied
4.  had not practised   5. had been playing   6.  had been living
7.  had been studying   8.  had been sitting

18. The Future Tense

Exercise 1
1. will leave  2.   will complete  3.   will visit  4.   won’t finish  5.  Will, invite
6. will not permit   7.  will win   8.  will fly, will be   9.  will cost   10.  will meet

Exercise 2
1. Will Tara have completed her class by 9.30 p.m?
2. Will I be going to London next year?
3. Will she take up a job after graduation?
4. Will we be shifting to our new house soon?
5. Will Karan be a lawyer when he graduates?
6. Will this cell phone cost a lot less in six months?
7. Won’t Meeta be there for the party?
8. Will I have completed twenty years of service by the end of this year?

Exercise 3
arrives, greet, presents, starts, presents, sing, lights, proposes, goes

19. Active and Passive Voice

Exercise 1
1. This song was sung by a famous musician.
2. Your homework must be submitted today.
3. Human sacrifices were often made by ancient tribesmen.
4. My dress is being designed by Ahana.
5. Was this letter written by you?
6. The old man was helped by Sushanta.
7. The cows are fed by Tara.
8. Prakash was invited to the party by Monu.

Exercise 2
1. (a) Grammar is taught to us by Mrs Dev.
(b) We are taught grammar by Mrs Dev.
2. (a) A pen was passed to her by Ravi.
(b) She was passed a pen by Ravi.
3. (a) A painting will be given to you by the boy.
(b) You will be given a painting by the boy.
4. (a) A farewell gift was given to Mrs Bharve by the students.
(b) Mrs Bharve was given a farewell gift by the students.

20
 5. (a) A cheque and a certificate were presented to all the students by them.
(b) All the students were presented a cheque and certificate.

Exercise 3
1. I am looked after by my parents.
2. A race is being run by the boys.
3. The crops have been destroyed by floods.
4. The Commonwealth Games were enjoyed by us.
5. A kite was being made by him for Rahul.
6. All the sums had already been solved by us.
7. The house is being painted by Ben.
8. All the work is done by the robot.
9. This room has not been cleaned by me.
10. The cake is being cut by the birthday girl.

Exercise 4
1. Let the doctor be called.
2. Let flowers be not plucked.
3. You are requested not to disturb the patient.
4. Let time not to be wasted.
5. Let this book be taken.

Exercise 5
1. He was being taught English by his mother.
2. Were children loved by Pandit Nehru?
3. The houses have been ruined by the earthquake.
4. He was told to keep quiet.
5. Innocent people are being killed by terrorists.
6. This book was read by us.
7. A new car is being designed by them.
8. I am loved dearly by my uncle.

Exercise 6
1. A  2.  
A  3.  
A  4.  
P  5.  
P  6.  
P  7.  
A  8.  
A  9.  
P  10.  
P

Exercise 7
1. are refused  2.  
was compiled  3.  
honoured  4.  
are conducted
5. was washed

Exercise 8
1. Why were you abused by him?
2. Why should I be suspected by you?
3. When will the book be returned by you?
4. By whom was the jug taken?
5. False claims must not be made by you.
6. Can this wrestler be defeated by anyone?
7. Will she be not invited to the party (by you)?
8. Won’t her decision be reconsidered (by her)?

21
 9. Would this ridiculous news be believed by you?
10. Shall your loan be repaid by me?

20. Direct and Indirect Speech

Exercise 1
1. He said that they were early that day.
2. She told me that she was going to a movie the following day.
3. The tourist told the guide that he had liked Delhi very much.
4. The teacher told the students that apples grow in Shimla.
5. She told her husband that she would attend to the telephone.
6. He told his old friend that they were living in their old house then.
7. She said at the party that they hadn’t heard that song before.
8. My father told me that he had been waiting for me since morning.
9. My elder sister told me that I could dance in the reality show if mother didn’t object.
10. She told her friend that she had lost her pen the previous day.

Exercise 2
1. Hari asked me whether I was going to attend the meeting.
2. The manager asked me whether I really liked that job.
3. Leena asked me whether she could speak to me privately.
4. The librarian asked me whether I would get that book for him.
5. My sister requested me to lend her my dress.
6. Pawan asked Neha why Rohan had left so early.
7. He asked if I would return his money immediately.
8. The master asked angrily why I had disturbed him.
9. The speaker asked how we could agree to the proposal.
10. Silvia asked who that man was.

Exercise 3
1. The teacher ordered them to go back to their classrooms.
2. The mother requested me to wait there till she returned.
3. The man shouted to them to call the police.
4. The doctor ordered the nurse to give him the medicine.
5. The child requested his mother to buy him a new pair of jeans.
6. The father ordered him to go out and play.
7. Jiya requested Renu to give her a cup of tea.
8. Uma requested Madhu to shut the door.

Exercise 4
1. The captain shouted joyfully that they had won the match.
2. The girl exclaimed that the sky was beautiful.
3. He regretted that they had lost the game.
4. The onlookers applauded and exclaimed that it was a fine hit.
5. The artist exclaimed with delight that it was a lovely day.

22
 6. The pretty lady wished that she had the wings of a dove.
7. The examiner wished them best of luck.
8. The old woman cried out with grief that she had no one to support her.
9. She cried out with remorse that she would never steal again.
10. The teacher exclaimed with delight that all of us had fared splendidly.

Exercise 5
1. The servant requested him if he could to go then.
2. The tourist asked the villager whether he could tell him the way to the nearest hotel. The
villager agreed.
3. He threatened the ruffian that he would take him to the police station.
4. The nurse thanked the patient for her generous gift.
5. Shaan greeted and asked me whether I was there.
6. The passenger sought permission to take his dog with him.
7. He prayed to God to protect his children.
8. The fox complemented the nightingale how pretty she was.
9. The housekeeper thanked the mistress but he added that he would not accept her terms.
10. Mom asked my uncle whether he could buy four tickets for us.

21. Phrases

Exercise 1
Suggested answers:
1. my hobby   2.  Her favourite poet   3.  his dream   4. her new hairstyle
5. Chinese food   6.  a bowl of soup   7.  bones and biscuits
8.  an experienced teacher   9. a glass of water   10. a cup of milk

Exercise 2
1. The poor man had only an old shawl made of wool.
2. In the end we took the road covered in grass.
3. Mother Teresa’s was a face filled with serenity.
4. She walked down the red carpet wearing a pretty dress.
5. We noticed three men with guns at the gate.
6. We walked across a field full of wild flowers.
7. The route taken by you was quite short.
8. The hostess welcomed her guests with a smile.

Exercise 3
1. King Solomon was a man of great wisdom.
2. Lata is a woman of kindly nature.
3. He was happy to see all the faces with smiles on them.
4. Kings wear cloaks made of satin.
5. The baby with dark eyes is so cute.
6. The girl from Canada won the test.
7. Donkeys and camels are made to carry loads of heavy weight.

23
 8. Pratik has a job of considerable responsibility.
9. In this place, people construct buildings made of stone.
10. I am proud to belong to a tribe living in the hills.

Exercise 4
1. recently  2.   soon  3.  
happily  4.  
fast  5.  
feebly  6.  
appropriately
7. artistically  8.  
nearby

Exercise 5
1. in an eloquent manner
2. in a foreign country
3. every year
4. in a careful manner
5. at that place
6. in a diligent manner
7. to another place
8. in a cheerful mood

Exercise 6
1. noun phrase  2.   noun phrase  3.   adjective phrase  4.  
adverb phrase
5. adjective phrase  6.  
adjective phrase  7.   verb phrase  8.  
adverb phrase
9. adverb phrase  10.  adverb phrase  11.   verb phrase  12.  adjective phrase

22. Clauses

Exercise 1
1. clause  2.   phrase  3.  
clause  4.  
phrase  5.  
clause  6.  
phrase
7.  phrase   8.  clause

Exercise 2
1. When we shall return is uncertain.
2. He hoped that he would pass.
3. There is no meaning in what he says.
4. Our great fear is that it may rain.
5. Her belief that her son would come back some day cheered her.
6. It is feared that his son is drowned.
7. I want to know how far the station is from here.
8. I cannot understand why he refused to come.
9. I am sure that India will prosper.
10. Listen to what your parents say.

Exercise 3
Suggested answers:
1. It all depends on what decision you take.
2. She is anxious to know what the audience thought of her dance.
3. I want to know whether you will buy me a chocolate.

24
 4. We should not believe in whatever he says.
5. What he said is a secret.

Exercise 4
1. The shepherd found the sheep which he had lost. adjective clause
2. We expect that it will be a very hot summer. noun phrase
3. I know the man who gave a speech yesterday. adjective phrase
4. Tell me what the matter is. noun phrase
5. When she was in college she got a scholarship. adverb phrase
6. Where there’s a will there’s a way. adverb phrase
7. This is the team whose project won an award. adjective phrase
8. I know who the culprit is. noun phrase
9. She admires him because he is brilliant. adverb clause
10. The boy who has red hair is always happy. adjective clause

Exercise 5
Many people died in the floods which devastated Bihar. There were many people who lost
everything. The crops that were growing in the affected areas were totally destroyed. This
happens every year when the rains come. The months ahead look bleak for many of the
homeless people whose lives are in danger. The authorities, who are indifferent to the menace,
must act before the next rainy season when there may be floods again.

Exercise 6
1. The Taj Mahal, which is one of the wonders of the world, is in Agra.
2. He who finishes first wins the prize.
3. Yours is an excuse that sounds silly.
4. The dancer who is in the front row is very popular.
5. Rajat always does things that annoy his friends.
6. These are the files which I need to carry with me.
7. During our trip we visited the island that Captain Smith discovered.
8. The man whose eyes are red was stung by bees.

Exercise 7
1. Low-floor buses are facing trouble because the roads are bad. reason
2. If you finish your holiday homework, you can go to the circus. condition
3. We can have dinner when the show is over. time
4. You can go whenever you like. time
5. Tanya is on a diet so that she can get fitter. purpose
6. Though he is so rich, he never donates to charity. concession
7. The dog followed the boy wherever he went. place
8. He ate nothing as the food was not tasty. reason

Exercise 8
Suggested answers:
1. Let him come if he wants to.
2. This bag is really heavy so I cannot carry it alone.
3. Wait here till the rain stops.

25
 4. Walk carefully lest you should fall.
5. Come when you are free.
6. He died before the doctor reached.
7. We may cancel the picnic if it rains.
8. The officer shouted as though he was mad.

Exercise 9

1. When the righteous rule people rejoice.

2. He may go home after his work is finished.
3. I selected him because you recommended him.
4. The ship will leave as soon as the captain arrives.
5. This passage is so difficult that I cannot understand it.

Exercise 10
1. The cook is so efficient that we should hire him.
2. I can’t find the book which I was reading an hour ago.
3. Murli is talking to the man who teaches us maths.
4. Test cricket, which is known as a gentleman’s game, is played in about ten countries.
5. This is the same house in which the robbery took place.
6. This is the pen whose nib is broken.
7. My uncle who lives in England is seventy two.
8. My sister visited the city where my mother was born.
9. That is the dress which Nita wants to buy.
10. Give me the poster which you are holding in your hand.

Exercise 11
Examples sentences:
1. They had reached home before the rain started.
2. You left your book where you were lying.
3. I will sleep after the clock has struck one.
4. We will go on with our plans even if the weather is bad.
5. He would leave this place unless he gets some money.

23. Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences

Exercise 1

subject finite verb

He opened
Meera and Rajan played
He will come

26
 We went
He has

Exercise 2
1. simple sentence  2. compound sentence  3. compound sentence
4. simple sentence  5. compound sentence  

Exercise 3
1. Tarun caught the thief, handed him over to the police and got a reward.
2. She was not very well educated, yet she ran a successful business.
3. He works in a shop as well as manages his farm.
4. Tagore was a novelist but he also wrote poetry.
5. He was punished but, so he felt sorry.
6. He was intelligent, so he won a prize.
7. He worked hard, so he got through the competition.
8. She must leave now or she will be late.
9. Mind your ways or you will come to grief.
10. You must either go with Mala or ask somebody to go with her.

Exercise 4
1. He is angry since you deceived him.
2. We expect that he will win the prize.
3. He failed in the examination because he did not study.
4. That you have been deceived is the truth.
5. There was one question on grammar which I could not answer.
6. They caught the man who robbed a bank last night.
7. That is the school where I studied.
8. The fox saw the grapes that hung over the garden wall.
9. There was a boy who wanted to be a musician.
10. You will like him when you see him.
11. There was a fresh water spring where the scouts set up camp for the night.
12. He always carries a torch at night because he is scared of snakes.
13. Although he is tired, he will not miss the match.
14. No one came to work as it was a holiday.

Exercise 5
1. complex  2.  complex  3.  
complex  4.  complex  5.  compound
6. simple  7.  
simple  8.  
simple  9.  compound  10.  compound
11. complex  12.  compound  13.  simple  14.  
complex  15.  simple

24. Comprehension 1

Exercise 1
1. The writer compares the shark’s teeth with razors.
2. The shark let go off the writer’s head because he started pounding on him.

27
 3. If the shark had continued to bite he would have had no brain.
4. The scars on the writer’s face have faded down and fit into the wrinkles.

Exercise 2
1. His teeth were like razors.
2. I looked like mince.

Exercise 3
1. clamp  2.  
mince  3.  
berserk  4.  
pound

Exercise 4
1. (c)  2.  
(c)  3.  
(a)  4.  
(b)

Exercise 5
1. Claudius II was a Roman emperor.
2. Claudius forbade marriages because he thought that single men made better soldiers than
those that were married.
3. The priest helped young people by secretly performing marriage ceremonies.
4. The daughter of the prison guard helped Valentine while he was in jail. She helped to cheer
him up by talking with him for hours.

Exercise 6
1. forbid  2.  
ceremony  3.  
whisper  4.  
condemn

25. Word Formation

Exercise 1
1. informal  2.  
unpopular  3.   unkind  4.  immobile  5.   irrelevant
6. intangible  7.  
illiterate  8.  
disobey  9.  
illegal  10.  
inadequate

Exercise 2

law lawyer free freedom

sail sailor grow growth
bake baker forgive forgiveness
man manhood ill illness
brother brotherhood dance dancer
happy happiness pray prayer
adult adulthood social sociology
friend friendship imperial imperialism

Exercise 3
1. weaken  2.  
strengthen  3.  
assassinate  4.  
captivate  5.  
clarify

28
Exercise 4
1. angry  2.  
tiresome  3.  
careless  4.  
childlike  5.  
greyish

Exercise 5
able ~ unable important ~ unimportant
polite ~ impolite possible ~ impossible
regular ~ irregular rational ~ irrational
organized ~ unorganized reparable ~ irreparable
calculate ~ miscalculate appear ~ disappear
understand ~ misunderstand inform ~ misinform
correct ~ incorrect capable ~ incapable
logical ~ illogical impressive ~ unimpressive
agree ~ disagree honest ~ dishonest

26. Idioms

Exercise 1
1. bring to light   2.  lost her temper   3.  lives from hand to mouth   4.  made light of
5. nipped in the bud   6.  rose to the occasion   7.  spread like wildfire
8. took leave of

Exercise 2
Answers will vary from student to student.

Exercise 3
1. lend an ear   2.  has a sweet tooth   3.  lost their temper   4.  spread like wildfire
5. brought to light   6. once in a blue moon   7. at the eleventh hour
8. work your guts out   9. on top of the world   10. a cock and bull story

Exercise 4
black and white very clear; with written proof
blue-eyed boy somebody’s favourite
out of the blue to happen unexpectedly
golden handshake a large sum of money given to a person when they retire
green with envy condition of a person who is very envious
grey matter refers to the brain intelligence
caught red-handed caught while doing something wrong or illegal
red tape lengthy official rules and paperwork that prevent things from
being done on time
paint the town red to go out and enjoy
roll out the red carpet to give special treatment to an important or honoured visitor
silver lining there is a positive side to every unpleasant situation
born with a silver spoon born in a rich and privileged family
in the mouth

29
Exercise 5
1. To celebrate their victory, the team members painted the town red.
2. Even though they lost, the silver lining was that three members of the team were selected to
represent the state.
3. If there wasn’t so much red tape, we would have had the papers ready on time.
4. The school is going to roll out the red carpet for the old students.
5. Alam is the teacher’s blue-eyed boy !
6. When Tanya was promoted in the office, some of her colleagues were green with envy.
7. Little Tinku tried to sneak a chocolate out of the fridge before dinner, but his mother caught
him red-handed.
8. Just when everybody had given up hope, the news of the scholarship came out of the blue.

Exercise 6
1. lend a helping hand : help someone
2. break a leg : to wish good luck
3. from the horse’s mouth : from someone who has the facts
4. be at a loss : to not know what to do or say
5. at the bottom of the pile : in a worse situation than anyone else in a group of people
6. pigs might fly : when something will never happen or succeed
7. put the cart before the horse : do things in the wrong order
8. bridge the gap : to make a connection where there is a great difference
Second part of the answer will vary from student to student.

27. Words Easily Confused

Exercise 1
Answers will vary from student to student.

Exercise 2
1. fair  2.  
fare  3.  
diary  4.  
cheque  5.  
berth  6.  
hail  7.  
birth
8. check  9.   dairy

28. Simile

Exercise 1

1. as pure as driven snow

2. as round as a circle
3. as fast as a deer
4. as slow as a snail
5. as sly as a fox
6. as smart as a fox

30
 7. as blind as a bat
8. as agile as a monkey
9. as bright as day
10. as big as a bus

Exercise 2
1. as happy as a lark   2.  as fresh as a daisy   3.  as hungry as a bear
4. as busy as a bee   5.  as good as new

Exercise 3
Answers will vary from student to student.

29. Comprehension 2

Exercise 1
1. b 2. b 3. b

Exercise 2
1. One of the pots was not able to carry all the water to the house because it had a crack.
2. The water bearer took advantage of the pot’s defect.
3. The pot bearer was rewarded by the flaw in the pot by being able to enjoy the beautiful
flowers.
4. Answers will vary from student to student.
5. Answers will vary from student to student.

Exercise 3
One day the leaking pot told the water bearer that he felt he should apologize to the water
bearer. The water bearer asked why. The leaking pot explained that during those past two years
he had only been able to deliver half his load because the crack in his side caused the water to
leak out all the way back to the house. He added that because of his flaw the water bearer did
all the work and yet didn’t get full value for his efforts.
The water bearer felt sorry for the old cracked pot and told the pot that he wanted him to notice
the beautiful flowers along the path as they returned home.
When they arrived home the man asked the pot whether he noticed that there had been flowers
only on his side of the path and not on the other side. He added that was because he had always
known the pot’s flaw and put it to good use.
He said he had planted flower seeds on the pot’s side of the path and that the pot watered
them every day as they walked back from the river. He said that he had been able to enjoy those
beautiful flowers. He thanked the pot by saying that if the pot had not been the way it was,
there would have been less beauty in his life.

Exercise 4
1. knew  2.  
apologize  3.  
planted  4.  
half  5.  
added beauty

31
Exercise 5
1. People feel that they have too much stress these days because many magazines and TV
shows suggest that we can’t make it through the day without practically dying from stress.
2. The author feel insulted to hear the talks about stress because we are moving smoothly in
life and still the media suggest that we cannot live without stress.
3. The best way to handle stress is to simply acknowledge that life is full of little tensions and
life is like that.
4. The author does not think that stress goes away by relaxation therapy.

Exercise 6
1. ()  2.  
()  3.  
()  4.  
()  5.  
()  6.  
()

Exercise 7
1. make it through the day
2. keep ourselves together
3. binge and purge
4. moment by moment
5. gimmick
6. nothing more than
7. complicated
8. perspective

30. Writing Messages

Exercise
Answers will vary from student to student.

31. Notices

Exercise
Answers will vary from student to student.

32. Writing a Diary Entry

Exercise
Answers will vary from student to student.

33. Essay Writing

Exercise
Answers will vary from student to student.

32
 34. Letter Writing

Exercise
Answers will vary from student to student.
Exercise
Answers will vary from student to student.

35. Paragraph Writing

Exercise
Answers will vary from student to student.

36. Story Writing

Exercise 1
Answers will vary from student to student.
Exercise 2
Answers will vary from student to student.
Exercise 3
Answers will vary from student to student.

37. Summarizing

Exercise
Answers will vary from student to student.

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