Hardware

The physical and tangible equipment or components of an electronic data processing

Types of Hardware
Input Devices Output Devices

Storage Devices
Input/Output Devices System Unit

Input Devices
It lets you communicate with the computer Use to enter information/data and issue commands

Output Devices
Used to transfer the results of data processing carried out by the computer which converts electronically generated information into human-readable form

Storage Devices
Stores data that is processed by the computer It process information may either be access a separate portable recording medium or a permanent component to store and retrieve information

Input/Output Devices
Use for both providing and receiving information to the computer

System Unit
The main part of the computer Responsible for accepting and processing data Composed of integrated circuits to perform tasks in coordination

Keyboard
Standard device of most computers Patterned after the typewriter and electronic calculator keypad Additional Keys:
Esc Key Function Keys Return / Enter Key Cursor Keys

Keyboard

Pointing Devices
Allows a user to input spatial data to a computer Movements are reflected on screen by movements of the pointer, creating a simple-intuitive way to navigate computer's GUI (Graphic User Interface)

Pointing Devices
Mouse A small handheld device pushed over a horizontal surface

Pointing Devices
Trackball Consist of ball held by a socket containing sensors to detect rotation like an upside-down mouse with an exposed protruding ball

Pointing Devices
Joystick Consist of a stick that pivots on a base and reflects its angle or direction to the device it is controlling

Pointing Devices
Pointing stick Typically mounted in keyboard on a laptop or desktop computer Movements reflect on screen by movements of cursor and other visual changes

Pointing Devices
Stylus A small pen-shaped instrument used to input commands to computer screen, mobile device or graphics tablet

Pointing Devices
Graphics tablet Special tablet similar to a touchpad, and controlled with a pen or stylus that is held

Pointing Devices
Touchpad A flat surface that can detect finger contact

Pointing Devices
Touchscreen Embedded into LCD monitor screens of computers Users interact by pressing items shown on the screen with their fingers or some helping tool

Pointing Devices
Light pen Allows user to point the displayed objects or draw on screen with greater positional accuracy

Image & video devices

Used to digitize images or video to the computer The information/files can be stored in a multitude of formats depending on the user's requirement

Image & video devices

Digital camera Captures video or still photographs by recording images on an electronic image sensor

Image & video devices

Webcam A video camera that feeds its image in real-time to a computer or computer network

Image & video devices

Image scanner A device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object to convert it into a digital image

Image & video devices

Barcode reader An electronic device for reading printed barcodes

Audio Device
Used to either capture or create sound

Microphone An acoustic to electric sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal

Display Devices
Conveys text, graphics, and video information Information shown on a display device is called soft copy because the information exists electronically

Display Devices
Monitor Shows information on screen include CRT monitors, LCD monitors

Printing Devices
Produces a representation of an electronic document on physical media also known as hard copy

Printing Devices
Printer Provides an output information such as paper or transparency film Many printers are local peripherals connected directly to a nearby personal computer

Printing Devices
Dot-matrix printers - 1964 Uses metal pins to strike an inked ribbon to make dots on a piece of paper

Printing Devices
Laser printers - 1969 Produces high quality printouts with very a low cost per page

Printing Devices
Inkjet printers - 1976 It use drops of magnetic ink on a page to produce texts and images

Printing Devices
Plotter - 1959 Use for printing vector graphics Used in applications such as computer-aided design

Disk Storage
Data are recorded by various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to a surface layer of one or more rotating disks

Disk Storage
Disk Drive A device implementing such a storage mechanism and is usually distinguished from the disk medium

Disk Storage
Floppy disk / diskette Composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined with fabric that removes dust particles

Disk Storage
Floppy disk / diskette 1960s/1970s/1980s

8-inch (1.2 MB), 5 14-inch (1.44 MB), and 3 12-inch (240 MB)

Disk Storage
Optical Disc A flat-circular disc which encodes binary data (bits) in the form: pits (binary value of 0 or off, due to lack of reflection when read) lands (binary value of 1 or on, due to a reflection when read)

Disk Storage
Optical Disc

Disk Storage
Obsolete Optical Discs

Capacity: 0.3GB Years: 1989-2011

Capacity: 0.1-16.7GB Years: 1989-2011

Disk Storage

Capacity: 0.7-0.9GB Years: 1981

Capacity: 15-51GB Years: 2002

Capacity: 25-128GB Years: 2002

Capacity: 4.7-17GB Years: 1995

Memory or Flash Drives

An electronic flash memory data storage device used for storing digital information They are commonly used in many electronic devices, including digital cameras, mobile phones, laptop computers, MP3 players and video game consoles

Storage Devices
USB flash drive A data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface typically removable and rewritable

Storage Devices
Memory card They are small, re-recordable, and able to retain data without power

Storage Devices
External removable drives Typically connect via USB A plug and play drive functionality offers system compatibility, and features large storage options and portable design

Input/Output Devices
Disk Drive Holds and spins a magnetic or optical disk that reads and writes information

Input/Output Devices

Hard Disk Drive A rigid magnetic disk mounted permanently in a drive unit

Input/Output Devices
Modem Modulates the computer output to an acceptable signal for transmission, then demodulates signal back for input

System Unit
Components: Motherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory: ROM & RAM Bus Expansion Slots & Card Power Supply Ports

Mother Board
a.k.a. main board/system board Main circuit board of microcomputers

Mother Board

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Carries information of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU Components:

Control Unit / CU supervise the functions performed by the entire computer system Arithmetic Logic Unit / ALU performs all arithmetic computations Memory Unit / MU capable of holding data or instructions

Memory
It stores applications, documents and stem operating information

Memory
Read Only Memory (ROM) Stores instructions used by the CPU that can retain stored information even when not powered

Memory
Read Only Memory (ROM)

Memory
Random Access Memory (RAM) Stores instructions that tells the CPU how to work with its parts Allows the computer to read data quickly to run applications. It allows reading and writing.

Bus
Connects the major components of a computer system Data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a computer

Bus

Expansion Slots & Card

It adds functionality to the computer Expansion cards are inserted to an expansion slot connected to the mother board

Power Supply
Changes normal household electricity into an electricity that a computer can use

Ports
A specialized outlet on the computer to which a plug or cable connects Lets users plugin an outside peripheral device

Ports
Personal System/2 or PS/2 Purple for keyboard, Green for mouse

Ports
Ethernet port/RJ-45 Socket/LAN Port Looks similar to telephone plugs and sockets, but only larger

Ports
Serial Port A socket on a computer used to connect a modem Earlier PCs used the port for the mouse, and earlier Macintoshes used it to attach a printer

Ports
Parallel Port/LinePrintTeminal1Port/LPT1 A socket on a computer used to connect a printer or other device via a parallel interface

Ports
Video Graphics Array/VGA Port The socket on the back of a PC that is used to connect a monitor

Ports
Firewire Port/IEEE 1394 Introduced in 2000 and was added to camcorders and a variety of A/V equipment

Ports
USB Port A USB socket on a computer or peripheral device into which a USB cable is plugged

Ports
Game Port Used to attach a joystick or other video game controller

Ports
Audio Ports
Line-In - where sound from an external source enters the card, such as recording from a tape recorder. On many sound cards this port is light blue Line-Out - where sound is output; usually to headphones or stereo speakers; usually lime green Mic - microphone port; usually pink