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Transformer Energy Losses Explained

For an ideal transformer, the efficiency is 100% because the input and output power are equal. However, in practice transformers experience energy losses for several reasons: (1) imperfect coupling between coils results in lost magnetic flux; (2) eddy currents in the iron core cause heating losses; (3) resistance in the coils causes copper losses through heating; (4) hysteresis loss occurs from the energy required to change the magnetization of the iron core during each cycle; and (5) magnetostriction can cause vibrations and sound from the transformer, representing another form of energy loss.

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Adarsh Mandal
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262 views2 pages

Transformer Energy Losses Explained

For an ideal transformer, the efficiency is 100% because the input and output power are equal. However, in practice transformers experience energy losses for several reasons: (1) imperfect coupling between coils results in lost magnetic flux; (2) eddy currents in the iron core cause heating losses; (3) resistance in the coils causes copper losses through heating; (4) hysteresis loss occurs from the energy required to change the magnetization of the iron core during each cycle; and (5) magnetostriction can cause vibrations and sound from the transformer, representing another form of energy loss.

Uploaded by

Adarsh Mandal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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For ideal transformer = 1 = 100%.

Therefore E S I S =E P I P OrTherefore, for step up, transformer current in thesecondary is less than in the primary (I S <I P ). And in a stepdown transformer we have I S > I P .

Energy Losses in Transformer In practice, the output energy of a transformer isalways less than the input energy, because energy losses occurdue to a number of reasons as explained below.1.1.1.1. Loss of MagneticLoss of MagneticLoss of MagneticLoss of Magnetic F l u x : F l u x : F l u x : Flux: The coupling between the coilsis seldom perfect. So, whole of the magnetic flux produced by the primary coil is not linked up with the secondary coil.2.2.2.2. I r o n I r o n I r o n I r o n L o s s : L o s s : L o s s : Loss: In actual iron cores inspite of lamination,Eddy currents are produced. The magnitude of eddy currentmay, however be small. And a part of energy is lost as the heatproduced in the iron core.

3.3.3.3. C o p p e r C o p p e r C o p p e r C o p p e r L o s s : L o s s : L o s s : Loss: In practice, the coils of the transformerpossess resistance. So a part of the energy is lost due to theheat produced in the resistance of the coil.4.4.4.4. HysteresisHysteresisHysteresisHysteresis Loss: TheLoss: TheLoss: T h e Loss: The alternating current in the coil tapesthe iron core through complete cycle of magnetization. SoEnergy is lost due to hysteresis.5.5.5.5. M a g n e t o M a g n e t o M a g n e t o Magneto r e s t r i c t i o n : r e s t r i c t i o n : r e s t r i c t i o n : restriction: The alternating current in theTransformer may be set its parts in to vibrations and soundmay be produced. It is called humming. Thus, a part of energy may be lost due to humming.

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