CHAPTER 2 MILK PRODUCTION IN INDIA

India has been the larger milk producing country in the world since 1997 abd the recently announced data for 2011 2012 reiterated the strong position of the country in the global market. Growing by 5.01 percent over 2010 2011, India remained the largest milk producing country in the world at 127. 9 million tonnes as per last available data (2011 -2012 ). The annual average growth rate in milk production in India stood at 4.29 percentduring 2001 2002 to 2011 2012 with the milk production rising from 84.4 million tonnes in 2001 2002 to 127.9 million output by 5 million tonnes to reach Indias strong position in the global market goes to the white revelution ( also non as operation flood ), the country is today well poised for higher growth in the coming year. The milk output is expected to cross the 150 million tonne mark in the comingfew years with India counting to be the largest milk producing nation in the world.

National Dairy Development Board ( NDDB) National Dairy Development Board located at Anand in Gujarat, set up in 1965 and declared as a statutory body co operate in 1987. Under the NDDB is a premier institution to accelarate the pace of Dairy development on co operative lines in the country. The Anand Pattern

The milk co operatives under Operation flood follow the Anand Pattern, which wa pioneered by Dr. Kurian. The success of the operation demonstrated that democratic intitutions in village within a specific economic sector themselves. Dr. Kurian natured the union from a daily set up similar district co operative union in six other apex body , the Gujarat Co operative Milk Marketing Federation Limited. An establishment which Dr. Kurian now heads as chairman . the federation covers more than 1.5 milion milk roducer families. The Anand model to benefit small producers.

Gujarat C operative Milk Marketing Federation

GCMMF was established in the year 1973 with a view to streamline the milk production and supply process in Gujarat. Its main aim was note tomaximize profits but to give the dairy farmers a fail deal, who until then were being exploited py the private. GCMMF was a great success since its inception, in addition to producing and supplying milk of three varieties and dairy products from the surplus milk supply, GCMMF has diversified its busines to related areas like edible oils Dhara and fruit and vegetable based foood - safal. The Amul model of GCMMF Limited has helped India to emerged as the largest milk producers in the world. White Revelution ( Operatin Flood ) Operation flood is a project of the National Dairy Development Board ( NDDB) . Operation flood has created a national milk grid linking producers throughout India with consumers in over 700 towns and cities. Operation floods. objectives included Increase milk production ( a flood of milk) Augment rural incomes. Fair prices consumers Program implementation

Operation flood was implemented in three phases Phase 1

Phase 1 (1970 1980) was financed by the skimmed milk powder and butter oil donated by the European union, through the world food program. During its first phase , operation flood linked 18 of Indias premier milk sheds with consumers in Indias major metropolitan cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkatta and Cehhai. Operation flood 1 originally meant to be completed in 1975. At start of operation flood 1 in 1970 certain set of aims were kept in view for the implementaion the programs. The objectives of commoding share of milk

market and speed up development of dairy animals respectively hinter lands of rural areas with a view to increase both production and procurement. Phase II

Operation flood II ( 1981 - 1985 ) increased the milk sheds from 18 to 136.; 290 urban markets expanded the outlets for milk. By the end of 1985 a self sustaining system of 4300 village co operative with 4250000 milk producers were covered. Domestic milk powder production increased from 22.000 tones in the pre project year to 140000 tonnes by 1989 , all of the increase coming from dairies set up under operation flood. In this way EEC gifts and world Bank loan helped promote self reliance. Direct marketing of milk producers co-operatives increased by several milion litres a day.

Phase III

Phase III ( 985 1996) anabled dairy co operatives to expand and strenghten the infrastructure required to procure and market increasing volumes of milk. Vetinary first aid health care services, feed and artificial insemination services co operatice members were extendedalong with intensified member education.

Operation flood phase III consolidated Indian Dairy Co operative Movement, adding 30000 new dairy co operatives to the 43000 existing societies organized during phase II. Milk sheds peaked to 173 in 1988 89 with the number of women members and women dairy co operative societies increasing significantly.

Phase III gave increased emphasis to research and development in animal health and animal nutrition. Innovation like vaccine for theileriosis, by passing protien fe ed and urea molasses mineral blocks, all contributed the enhanced productivity of milk producing animals.

Indian dairy farming is basically a small holder production system , charactersised by production by the masses rather than mass productio n of milk.. More than 80 millionshouseholds ( about 73% of rural households) keep some type of livestock. The base for Indian dairiying is provided marginal and small farmers who maintain one or two milk animals of low genetic potential for milk production, primarily fed on crop resiues and by products, and reared with the help of under employed family members moslty female workers. Although dairing is becoming more commercialised in some areas, it predominantly remains subsistence farming constituting a complementary enterprise to crop farming, with regular sales of surplus production. Dairy farmers in India are by and large literate , resourdes poor and low resk bearers . they often exiihibit a low level of farming innovation: in the majority of cases, they are either non adapters or late adapters of modern technologies. Their average family size is moderate around five person. The marketable surplus of milk is about 60% of total milk production. Produce over 133 million tonne milk during 2012 2013. 102.6 million tonnes at the end if the tenth plan ( 2006 2007) to 127.9 million tonnes at the end of the elventh plan ( 2011 2012). The annual growth rate for production of milk is about 5% in 2011 2012 compared to 2010 2011.

Employment in dairy farming system Category of house Control holders area Landless Marginal Small Medium Large 120.45 144.63 196.19 242.73 436.63 Project area 172.01 177.48 204.86 313.90 448.49 Percentage area 42.81 22.17 4.42 29.32 2.72

Source`: Singh C.B, D.S Sobi and J.P Ddhaka (1995) Owing to their poor financial condition and poor networks of organized financial institutions, farmer more than often than not approach private money lender for credit and enter in to some sort of marketing contracts for selling milk, normally to the disadvantage of farmer. On the other hand , regular milk vendors( dudhias ) often provide credit at reasonable terms, an important source of financing to small farmers.