LATE PREDYNASTIC PERIOD

Dynasty 0 (Terminal Nagada): 3!0"30!0

A#$%t &"'3 (ings r%ling )r$m *iera($n+$lis in ,++er Egy+t- T.e last )$%r .a/e
identi)ia#le (alt.$%g. n$t al0ays legi#le) names:
*$r%s 1S2$r+i$n1
*$r%s 3e(.en456a4 )irst (ing #%ried at A#yd$s
*$r%s R$ A#yd$s t$m# 7 '8
*$r%s Narmer 1Cat)is.1
ARC*AIC PERIOD
(a-(-a- EARLY DYNASTIC)
Dynasty I: 30!0"9!:
*$r%s A.a ;eni 30!0"30'<
*$r%s D=er Iti 30'<"&:0
*$r%s >ad=i Iterti4 &:0"&<3
*$r%s De0en 6.asti53emti4 &<3"&?&
*$r%s And=i# ;er+i#ia4 &?&"9&:
*$r%s Semer(.et Iri"Ne#ti 9&:"99&
*$r%s @aAa @aAa"Ne#ti 99&"9!&
*$r%s 7a4 (seB%en2e %n2ertain)
*$r%s Sene)er(a (seB%en2e %n2ertain) 9!&"9!:
*$r%s C- - -D (seB%en2e %n2ertain)
Dynasty II: 9!:":0!
*$r%s *ete+se(.em0y *ete+"Ne#ty 9!: "
*$r%s Ne#re " 9'!
*$r%s Ninet=er Ninet=er"Ne#ty 9'! " ::9
*$r%s >eneg4 >eneg"Ne#ty ::9 " ::
Sened :: "
N%#ne)er " :!'
Set. Peri#sen :!' " :?3
*$r%s Se(.emi#("+erenmaAat) :?3 " :3
*$r%s 6.ase(.em (E same +ers$n as t.e neFt (ing)
*$r%s"Set. 6.ase(.em0y(".ete+" net=er0yime)) :3 G :0!
'
OLD 6INHDO;
Dynasty III: :0!"<30
*$r%s Ne(.tIa (3a) Ne#(a I :0!"<9:
*$r%s Net=eri(.et (D=$ser) <9:"<<:
*$r%s Se(.em(.et (D=eser"Teti) <<:"<<0
*$r%s 6.a#a <<0"<!?
*$r%s @a.ed=et *%ni <!?"<30
Dynasty IJ: <30"!?
Sne)r% <30"<0<
(6.n%m")6.%)0i (6.%)%51C.e$+s1) <0<"!93
Rad=ede) (D=ede)re) !93"!:!
6.a)re (1C.e+.ren1) !:!"!!0
Ne#(a II !!0"!?9
;en(a%re (1;y2erin%s1) !?9"!30
S.e+ses(a) !30"!<
CInterregn%m4D !<"!?
Dynasty J: !? ?00
,ser(a) !?"!':
Sa.%re !':"!0!
Ne)erir(are I 6a(ai !0!"?&!
S.e+ses(are IIi4 ?&!"?99
Ne)ere)re (Rane)ere)4) ?99"?::
Ni%serre Ini ?::"?<<
;en(a%.$r I(a%.$r ?<<"?!9
D=ed(are IIeIi ?!9"?30
,nis ?30"?00
Dynasty JI: ?00"!04
Teti ?00 " 3&0
Pe+i I 3&0 "
,ser(are (%ser+er4) " 39
Pe+i I (againK) 39 " 3<'
;ernere I NemtyemIa) 3<' " 3!!
Pe+i II 3!! " <'
;ernere II NemtyemIa) <' " <0
@%een Nit$2ris <0 " !04
Dynasty JII: !04"30
A gr$%+ $) '0 (ings are re2$rded in t.e A#yd$s (inglist #%t are $mitted in t.e T%rin
Can$n $) 6ings (a Net=er(are CA#yd$sD E NeitiBerti CT%rinD)- C$ntem+$rary s$%r2es
re2$rd t.e +ren$mens: Ne)er(are II - - - - - Se(.em(are
- - - - - >ad=(are (seB%en2e $) r%le %n2ertain)-

Dynasty JIII: 30"'3

SiF (ingsL t.e last ? $) 0.i2. are (n$0n )r$m 2$ntem+$rary s$%r2es:
- - - -
@a(are I#i "0
Ne)er(a%re (E Im.$te+4) 0"'<
Ne)er(a%.$r 6a+%i#i (E Iti4) '<"'?
Ne)erir(are II '?"'3
T.e attri#%ti$n $) t.e n$mens Im.$te+ and Iti ()r$m gra))iti in t.e >adi *ammamat)
is /ery %n2ertain- Ne)er(a%re is generally identi)ied 0it. *$r%s 6.aC#a%4D and
Ne)erir(are II 0it. *$r%s Demed=i#ta0y $) t.e C$+t%s De2reesL #%t t.is is %n2ertain-
*$r%s Net=eri#a% de)initely is Ne)er(a%.$r-
MIRST INTER;EDIATE PERIOD
Dynasty IN: '3"2a- ':!
M$%r (ings 0.$ r%led at *era2le$+$lis and 0ere /ag%ely re2$gniIed t.r$%g.$%t
Egy+t- T.eir seB%en2e is n$t 2lear:
;eryi#re A(.t$y (E t.e )irst $r se2$nd (ing4) '3 "
- - - -
Ne)er(are J (E t.e t.ird (ing) 2a- '9! "
- - - - " ':!
Dynasty N: 2a- ':!"2a- 03!
M$%rteen *era2le$+$litans 0.$ r%led t.e n$rt. and )$%g.t t.e T.e#ans $)
2$ntem+$rary Dynasty NI %ntil de)eated #y Ne#.e+etre ;ent%.$te+ II #et0een 0?:
and 0- SiF (ings are attested in 2$ntem+$rary s$%r2es:
- - - - 2a- ':!
Ne#(a%re A(.t$y ()at.er $) ;eri(are4)
;eri(are (2$ntem+$rary 0it. latter 2a- 0:!
+art $) reign $) >a.an(. Iny$te) I)
T.ese $t.ers 2ann$t #e dated e/en a++r$Fimately:
;eriC- - -Dre A(.t$y (di))erent )r$m 1;eri.at.$r1 and )$%nder $) Dynasty N)
>a.(are A(.t$y
6.%i ($n a )ragment )r$m Dara)
Iyt=en% (+art $) a Dyn- N +ers$nal name )r$m SaBBara)
3
Dynasty NI: '3?"'&&'
In many traditi$nal 2.r$n$l$giesL T.e#an Dynasty NI is in2l%ded in t.e ;iddle
6ingd$mL n$t t.e Mirst Intermediate Peri$d- *$0e/erL in re2ent times t.is n$ti$n .as
#een re/ised am$ng 2ertain Egy+t$l$gists- T.e dynasty eFisted a#$%t '?3 yearsL $)
0.i2. && years 0ere s+ent in a state $) 2i/il 0ar 0it. t.e (ingd$m di/ided and $nly
?? years 0it. t.e (ind$m %nited in relati/e +ea2e- Im+$rtantlyL t.$se )inal ?? years
0ere a +eri$d $) +$liti2al 2$ns$lidati$n and nati$n"#%ildingL 0.i2. $nly 2ame t$
)r%iti$n at t.e #eginning $) Dynasty NII- It is %n=%sti)ia#le t.en t$ 2$nsider Dynasty
NI as t.e start $) t.e ;iddle 6ingd$m-
*$r%s Te+i"A$ ;ent%.$te+ I '3? "
*$r%s Se.erta0y Iny$te) I " ''9
*$r%s >a.an(. Iny$te) II ''9 " 0<&
*$r%s Ne(.tne#te+ne)er Iny$te) III 0<& " 0<'
*$r%s San(.i#ta0y
*$r%s Dai(.as%t O;ent%.$te+ II
*$r%s Ne#.ed=et O Ne#.e+etre 0<' " 0'0
*$r%s Semata0y
San(.(are ;ent%.$te+ III 0'0 " '&&9
@a(are Iny$te) IJ (seB%en2e %n2ertain)
Iyi#re"6.ent (seB%en2e %n2ertain)
Ne#ta0yre ;ent%.$te+ IJ " '&&'
;IDDLE 6INHDO;
Dynasty NII: '&&'"':9?
Amenem.at I '&&'"'&<
Sen0$sret I '&:'"'&9
Amenem.at II '&&"'9&!
Sen0$sret II '9&:"'9:9
Sen0$sret III '9:9"'9?
Amenem.at III '9?"':&?
Amenem.at IJ ':&:"':99
@%een Se#e(ne)r% ':99"':9?
Dynasty NIII: ':9?"'<<9
At least <! (ings 0.$ r%led $/er all $) Egy+t )$r ''< years %ntil a#$%t ':0 0.en
t.ey l$st t.e Delta t$ in/ading Asiati2s- T.e +$liti2al 2a+ital 0as at It=y"ta0yL and
t.edynasty 0as re2$gniIed in t.e )ar s$%t. as late as 2a- '<:!- Only Ne)er.$te+ IL .is
s$n Si.at.$r and Ne)er.$te+As #r$t.erL Se#e(.$te+ IJL 0ere related #y #l$$d- S$me
(ings 0ere $) l$0er"2lass $r e/en )$reign $rigin- Only (ings attested in 2$ntem+$rary
re2$rds are listed .ere-
6.%ta0yre >ega) ':9? " ':9
Se(.em(are Amenem.at"s%ne#e) ':9 "
?
Se(.emre"(.%ta0y (Pent=ini4) " '::
Se(.em(are Amenem.at J ':: " '::0
Se.ete+i#re '::0 " ':<&
San(.i#re Ameni"Iny$te) Amenem.at JI ':<& "
*ete+i#re @ema%"si"*arned=".ery$te)
C- - -D Ameni"@ema%
C- - -D 6.%y$Ber
6.aAan(.re Se#e(.$te+ I " ':<?
A0y#re *$r I ':<? "
Sed=e)a(are 6ay Amenem.at JII
Se(.emre"(.%ta0y Se#e(.$te+ II
,ser(are
Nimaatre"(.aenre 6.end=er (Asiati2 6ing 1Pig1)
Smene(.(are ;ermes.a
Ner(are C- - -D " ':!?
Se(.emre"se0ad=ta0y Se#e(.$te+ III ':!? " ':!'
6.ase(.emre Ne)er.$te+ I ':!' " ':?0
6.a(are4 Si.at.$r ':?0
6.ane)erre Se#e(.$te+ IJ ':?0 " ':30
>a.i#re I#ya ':! " ':'?
;erne)erre Iy (1Ay1) ':'? " ':00
;er.ete+re Se#e(.$te+ JI ':00 " '<&9
;erse(.emre Ne)er.$te+ II '<&9 "
;er(a%re Se#e(.$te+ JII '<&3 "
T.e )$ll$0ing (ings +r$#a#ly date t$ t.e last ! years $) Dynasty NIII- T.eir
seB%en2e is %n2ertain:
Sene)eri#re Sen0$sret IJ
;eran(.re( ;ent%.$te+ J
D=edan(.re ;ent%emsa)
D=ed.ete+re
D=edne)erre (Ded%m$se4)
Se0a.enre Sene#mi%
Se(.emre"san(.ta0y Ne)er.$te+ III
Se(.emre"se%serta0y Se#e(.$te+ JIII
;ers.e+esre Ini
C- - -D ;ent%0$ser
;en(.a%re SenaAai#
Se(.emre"ne)er(.a% >e+0a0etemsa)
!
SECOND INTER;EDIATE PERIOD
Dynasty NIJ: ':0"'<<!
Per.a+s as many as :< (ings 0.$ r%led in N$is in t.e Delta- Only $ne is attested in
2$ntem+$rary s$%r2es- *e reigned less t.an $ne year and le)t .is name $n t0$
m$n%ments at A/aris in t.e Delta:
Ne.esi 2a- ':0
T.e $t.er (ings names are re2$rded in s%#seB%ent Egy+tian lists- Relia#le dates
2ann$t #e esta#lis.ed )$r t.em- >as Dynasty NIJ a 2at2."all )$r a n%m#er $) small
Delta +rin2i+alities4
6.atire Se(.emC---Dre S.emsi
Ne#)a0re 6a(em%re ;eniC---D
Se.a#re Ne)eri#re >erBa
;erd=e)are 6.aC---Dre C---D(are
Se0ad=(are Aa(are C---D(are
Ne#d=e)are SemenC---Dre C---D(are *a+C---D
>e#enre D=edC---Dre C---D(are C---Dnat
C---Dd=e)are Sene)erC---Dre C---D(are 7e#enmi
C---D0e#enre ;eni#re Set.
A0i#re D=edC---Dre Sain%
*eri#re Ine(C---D *$r
Ne#senre AaC---D Eni#e)
Se(.e+erenre A+C---D 6.er.em0at
D=ed(.er%re *i#i 6.%.em0at
San(.i#re A+ed ;are Se#e(.$te+ IN
Ne)ertem(are *a+i
Dynasty NJ: '<<9"'!<0
T.e *y(s$s""in/aders $) a++arent N$rt. Syrian $rigin and arri/ing )r$m Palestine""
esta#lis.ed t.eir 2a+ital at A/aris and maintained dire2t r%le $/er m%2. $) n$rt.ern
Egy+t and l$$se s%Ierainty $/er Asiati2 and Egy+tian /assals (in2l%ding t.e T.e#ans
$) m$st $) Dynasty NJII) in t.e rest $) t.e 2$%ntry- Earlier r%lers identi)ied in later
lists and %ndata#le s2ara#s in2l%de:
Se(.aenre S.ali( E Salitis
;ai#re S.es.y E 7e$n
;er%serenre Ya2$#.er E A+a(.nas
T.e )$ll$0ing *y(s$s r%lers are attested $n 2$ntem+$rary m$n%ments:
Se0eserenre 6.ayan Iannas '<30"'<'0
AaBenenre (early) O A+$+i '<'0"'!<&
Aa%serre (later)
Ne#(.e+es.re (same as +re/i$%s (ing4)
<
Aase.re4 6.am%di '!<&"'!<0
Dynasty NJI: '<<!"'!<!
*y(s$s /assals in L$0er and ;iddle Egy+t 2$n2%rrent 0it. Dynasties NJ and NJII-
All 2$ntem+$rary attestati$ns are $n s2ara#sP n$ne 2an #e dated +re2isely- S$me #ear
Egy+tian namesP many .a/e 2learly Semiti2 names:
Sa(et Aa.ete+re Sene)eran(.re A+$+i
>ad=ed Ya(#$am Anat..er
@ar Y$am SemBen
Nira(a AAm ,seranat.
N%#%serre Ya(#aal Ne#maatre
6.a%serre N%#an(.re
Dynasty NJII: '<<9"'!:0
C%rrent %sage restri2ts t.is dynasty t$ t.e T.e#an 2$ntem+$raries $) t.e *y(s$s
(;anet.$ in2l%ded $t.er *y(s$s /assals)- T.ey r%led as )ar as A#yd$s and .ad
eFtended t.eir d$main t$ C%sae %nder Ta A$ IIL t.en t$ t.e .ead $) t.e Delta %nder
6am$se- Alm$st all are attested in 2$ntem+$rary s$%r2es:
N%#(.e+erre Iny$te) J '<<9 " '<<3
Se(.emre"0a.(.a% Ra.$te+ '<<3 " '<<0
Se(.emre"0ad=(.a% Se#e(emsa) I '<<0 " '<??
Se(.emre"sementa0y D=e.%ti '<?? " '<?3
San(.enre ;ent%.$te+ JI '<?3 " '<?
Se0ad=enre Ne#iryera% I '<? " '<3
Ne)er(are Ne#iryera% II '<3
Se0eserenre Sen0$sret J '< " '<'0
Se(.emre"s.edta0y Se#e(emsa) II '<'0 " '<0'
Se(.emre"0e+maAat Iny$te) JI '<0' " '!&<
Se(.emre".er.ermaAat Iny$te) JII '!&<
Sene(.tenre TaA$ (D=e.%tiA$) I '!&< " '!&'
SeBenenre TaA$ (D=e.%tiA$) II '!&' " '!:<
>ad=(.e+erre 6am$se '!:< " '!:0
:
NE> 6INHDO;
Dynasty NJIII: '!:0"'&3
A.m$se I '!:0"'!?<
Amen.$te+ I '!!'"'!?
T%t.m$sis I '!?"'!'9
T%t.m$sis II '!'9"'!0?
T%t.m$sis III '!0?"'?!0
@%een *ats.e+s%t '!035'?&9"'?93
Amen.$te+ II '?!3"'?'&
T%t.m$sis IJ '?'&"'39<
Amen.$te+ III '39<"'3?&
Amen.$te+ IJ5A(.enaten '3!0"'33?
Smen(.(are '33<"'33?
T%tan(.aten5T%tan(.am%n '33?"'3!
Ay '3!"'3'
*$rem.e# '3'"'&3
Dynasty NIN: '&3"''9!
Ramesses I '&3"'&'
Seti I '&'"':&
Ramesses II ':&"''
;erne+ta. ''"'0
Amenmesse '0"''&&
Seti II ''&&"''&3
Ramesses5;erne+ta."Si+ta. ''&3"''9:
@%een Ta0$sret ''&3"''9!
CInterregn%m4D C.an2ell$r 7ay ''9!
Dynasty NN: ''9!"'0:0
Setna(.t ''9!"''9
Ramesses III ''9"''!'
Ramesses IJ ''!'"''?!
Ramesses J (Amen.er(.e+es.e)) ''?!"''?'
Ramesses JI (Amen.er(.e+es.e)) ''?'"''3?
Ramesses JII (Set.er(.e+s.e)) ''3? ''33
Ramesses JIII (Ameny$te)) ''33"''<
Ramesses IN (6.aem0ese) ''<"''09
Ramesses N (Amen.er(.e+es.e)) ''09"'0&9
Ramesses NI (6.aem0ese) '0&9"'0:0
Era $) 1Re+eating $) 7irt.s1 '090"'0:0
9
T*IRD INTER;EDIATE PERIOD
Dynasty NNI: '0:0"&?<
(a) 6ings in Tanis:
Smendes (Nis%#ane#d=ed) '0:0"'0??
Ne)er(are Amenemnis% '0??"'0?0
Ps%sennes I '0?0"&&
Amenem$+e &&?"&9!
Aa(.e+erre Os$2.$r &9!"&:&
Siam$n &:&"&<0
Ps%sennes II (see als$ #el$0) &<0"&?<
(#) R%lers in T.e#es (*P E *ig. Priest $) Am%nP 6 E 6ing):
Pin$d=em I *P '0:0"'0!!
6 '0!!"'03
;asa.art *P '0!!"'0?:
D=ed(.$nse)an(. *P '0?:"'0?<
;en(.e+erre *P '0?<"&&3
Smendes I *P &&3"&&'
Pin$d=em II *P &&'"&:0
Ps%sennes (later .e is a (ing *P &:0"&?<
in Tanis E Ps%sennes II) 6 &<0"&?<
Dynasty NNII: &?<":'
Li#yan (ings r%ling in Tanis and 7%#astisL re2$gniIed in all $) Egy+t %ntil 99 0.en
a ri/al Li#yan dynasty ar$se in T.e#es- In 9'? an$t.er ri/al dynasty ar$se in
Le$nt$+$lis in t.e Delta- Dynasty NNII 0as still re2$gniIed in ;em+.is and +arts $)
t.e Delta %ntil :3! and intermittently in T.e#es %ntil :9:5:93-
S.$s.enB I &?< " &'<
Os$r($n I &'< " &0?
S.$s.enB II &0?
Ta(el$t I &0? " 9&0
Os$r($n II 9&0 " 9<0
Ta(el$t II 9<0 " 93!
S.$s.enB III 93! " :93
Pami :93 " ::3
Aa(.e+erre S.$s.enB J ::3 " :3!
Aa(.e+erre Os$r($n IJ :3! " :'
*ig. Priests $) Am%n at T.e#es
In a %niB%e +$0er"s.aring arrangement #et0een t.e r$yal g$/ernment and t.e tem+le
.ierar2.yL t.e *ig. Priests $) Am%n 0ere $)ten a++$inted )r$m am$ng t.e r$yal
+rin2es $) Dynasties NNI and NNII (%ntil t.e T.e#ans esta#lis.ed t.eir $0n Dynasty
&
NNIII in 99)- T.e .ig. +riests 0ere t.e /irt%al r%lers $) T.e#esL %s%ally a%t$n$m$%s
$) t.e r$yal g$/ernment in t.e Delta- >.ile many .ig. +riests t$$( $n t.e $%t0ard
tra++ings $) (ings.i+L m$st a++arently re2$gniIed t.e Egy+tian (ing as a n$minal
$/erl$rdP (n-#-L 1s-1 E 1s$n $)1):
Y%+%t (s- S.$s.enB I) *P &?< " &'0
S.$s.enB (s- Os$r($n I) *P &'0 " &0!
E0el$t (s- Os$r($n I) *P &0! " 9&9
Smendes II (s- Os$r($n I) *P 9&9 " 99!
*arsiese I (s- *P S.$s.enB) *P 99! " 9:!
6 9:! " 9:0
C- - -di- - -D (s- *P56 *arsie) *P 9:! " 9:0
Niml$t (s- Os$r($n II) *P 9:0 " 9<
Ta(el$t (s- *P Niml$t) " *P 9< " 9!0
Os$r($n (s- Ta(el$t II) *P 9!0 " 93!
*arsiese II (s- C- - -di- - -D4) *P 93! " 9'<
Os$r($n (againP intermittently at
T.e#esP +ermanently at El *i#a) *P 9'< " :&:59:
Dynasty NNIII (T.e#es): 99":<!4
In its earlier yearsL t.is dynasty .eld T.e#es $nly intermittently and +res%ma#ly .ad a
sa)er .eadB%arters t$ t.e s$%t.P a)ter :9:L Dynasty NNII is n$ l$nger attested at
T.e#es- See *PL #el$0L )$r details- 7y t.e time $) Os$r($n IIIL t.is dynasty r%led as
)ar n$rt. as *era2le$+$lis-
Ped%#ast I 99"903
,sermaAatre";iam$n S.$s.enB IJ 903":&:
Os$r($n III :&:":<:
Ta(el$t III ()$rmerly *P) ::'":<:
Amenr%d :<:"4
T.e *ig. Priests $) Am%n $) t.is dynasty 0ere:
*arsiese II (again) *P 9''"909
Ta(el$t II (same as neFt +riest4) *P 90:":&:
Ta(el$t III (s- Os$r($n III) (+er.a+s intermittently *P :&:5:9:"::?
%ntil deat. $) *P Os$r($n)
Dynasty NNIII (Le$nt$+$lis): 9'?":304
Y%+%t I 9'?":&04
- - - - (se/eral r%lers4) :&04":3!
Y%+%t II 2a- :3!
Dynasty NNIII (*erm$+$lis): :<0"<<!4
T.$tem.at :<0":3!
Niml$t (m$re t.an $ne #y t.is name4) :3!"<<!
Pedenemty (attri#%ti$n is %n2ertain)
'0
Dynasty NNIII (*era2le$+$lis): :?0"<<!4
Pe)t=a%"a%0y#ast :?0":!
1Na(.(e1 (re2$rded in A((adian teFts $nly) 2a- <:0
Dynasty NNIII (Tanis): :'04"<<!4
T.is is ;anet.$As Dynasty NNIIIL 0.i2. r%les at Tanis #et0een t.e end $) Dynasty
NNII and t.e rise $) Dynasty NNJI %nder Psammeti2.%s I- T.e )$ll$0ing (ings
attested ar2.ae$l$gi2ally at Tanis seem t$ #el$ng t$ t.is gr$%+ (seB%en2e %n(n$0n):
Se(.em(are C- - -D
S.e+ses(are"Irnere Hemne)(.$ns%#a(
Ne)er(are"Pe+i C- - -D
Se.ete+i#(en)re Ped%#ast II 2a- <<!
Dynasty NNJ (6%s.ite Era): :<:"<!<
N%#ian (ings )r$m 6%s. 2$ntem+$rary 0it. (and m$re $r less e))e2ti/e $/erl$rds $))
t.e +etty (ings $) Dynasties NNII"NNIJ- ;anet.$ in2l%des $nly t.$se 0.$ 0ere
re2$gniIed in ;em+.isP 0e add t.$se 0.$ 0ere re2$gniIed in T.e#es- 6as.taAs r%le
in N%#ia mig.t .a/e #eg%n earlierL and t.at $) Tan0etamani ended later t.an t.e dates
indi2ated .ere-
6as.ta :<: " :!3
Piye ()$rmerly 2alled 1Pian(.y1) :!3 " :'3
S.a#a($ :'3 " <&94
S.e#it(% <&94 " <&9
Ta.arBa <&0 " <<?
'st Assyrian in/asi$n <:'
Tan0etamani <<? " <!<
nd Assyrian in/asi$n <<3
Dynasty NNIJ: 2a- :<0"<9!
A Li#yan dynasty $) 1Hreat C.ie)s $) t.e >est1 (a##r- HC>)L s$me $) 0.$m
ass%med t.e title $) 16ing1 (a##r- 6)P 2$ntem+$rary 0it. 6%s.ite Dynasty
NNJ-A)ter 2$nsidera#le /i2issit%des (in2l%ding )alling t$ t.e 6%s.ites)L mem#ers $)
t.is )amily )inally managed (0it. Assyrian .el+) t$ dis+la2e t.e N%#ians as r%lers $)
Egy+t and de/el$+ int$ Dynasty NNJI:
Os$r($n HC> 2a- :<0 " :?0
Te)na(.te I HC> :?0 " :'9
7$22.$ris 6 :'9 " :'
Te)na(.te II HC> (later (ing""see #el$0) :' " <9!
''
LATE PERIOD
Dynasty NNJI (Saite Era): <9!"!!
Te)na(.te II <9! " <:9
Ni(a%#a4 <:9 " <:
Ne2.$ I (illed #y Tan0etamani <: " <<?
Psammeti2.%s I <<? " <'0
Assyrians a#and$n Egy+t <!3
Ne2.$ II <'0 " !&!
Psammeti2.%s II !&! " !9&
>a.i#re (1A+ries1) !9& " !:0
A.m$se II (1Amasis1) !:0 " !<
Psammeti2.%s III !< " !!
Dynasty NNJII (Mirst Persian D$minati$n): !!"33
Egy+t 0as )irst in/aded #y t.e Persians in t.is +eri$d and #e2ame a satra+y $) t.e
great Persian Em+ire-
Cam#yses II !!"!
Dari%s I !"?9<
Egy+tian re/$lt:
Se.eri#re Ped%#ast III !"!0
NerFes I ?9<"?<!
ArtaFerFes I ?<!"??
Dari%s II ??"?0!
ArtaFerFes II ?0!"3!&
Certain Egy+tian (ings r%led s+$radi2ally in re/$lt d%ring t.is +eri$dP dates %n2ertain:
In ;area (>est $) AleFandria):
Psammeti2.%s IJ
Inar$s (re#el aBainst ArtaFerFes I) 2a ?<!4"?!?
T.anyras (s- Inar$s) a)ter ??9
Psammeti2.%s J (+er.a+s )r$m t.is regi$n) 2a- ??!
Psammeti2.%s JI 2a- ?004
In Sais:
Amyrtai$s I (=$ined Inar$s) 2a-?<!"??9
Pa%siris (s- Amyrtai$s I) a)ter ??9
Dynasty NNJIII: ?0!"3&&
In t.is +eri$d t.e Persians 0ere )irst eF+elled )r$m Egy+t -
Amyrtai$s II (s- Pa%siris) ?0!"3&&
'
Dynasty NNIN: 3&&"390
Ne+.erites I 3&&"3&3
Psamm%t.is 3&3
A2.$ris 3&3"390
Ne+.erites II 390
Dynasty NNN: 390"3?3
Ne2tane#$ I 39'"3<
Te$s (s- Ne2tane#$ I) 3"year 2$regen2y 0it. )at.er 3<!"3<'
Ne2tane#$ II 3<'"3?3
Dynasty NNNI (Se2$nd Persian D$minati$n): 3?3"33
Egy+t 0as in/aded again and re2$nB%ered #y t.e PersiansL alt.$%g. at timesL t.ey
2$%ld n$t )%lly d$minate t.e entire 2$%ntry-
ArtaFerFes III O2.%s 3?3"339
Arses 339"33<
Dari%s III C$d$man%s 33<"33
An Egy+tian (ing ($) +$ssi#ly N%#ian $rigin) #rie)ly 2$ntr$lled m$st $) Egy+t d%ring
t.e Persian Dynasty NNNI- *e 0as t.e last nati/e r%ler $) an2ient Egy+t:
6.a#a#as. 339"333
HREE6 AND RO;AN PERIOD
;a2ed$nian Dynasty: 33"30?
T.ree (ings 2$nsisting $) AleFander t.e HreatL .is .al)"#r$t.erL and .is s$n""t.ey
ne/er resided in Egy+t #%t g$/erned )r$m 7a#yl$nL t.e 2a+ital $) AleFanderAs
;a2ed$nian Em+ire- AleFander 0as said t$ .a/e #een #%ried in AleFandriaL Egy+t- In
t.is +eri$dL Egy+t 0as dire2tly administered #y t.e satra+L Pt$lemy Lag$sL t.e )riend
$) AleFander 0.$ later +r$2laimed .imsel) (ing $) Egy+t-
AleFander (III) t.e Hreat 33"33
P.ili+ Arr.idae%s 33"3'<
AleFander IJ 3'<"30?
Pt$lemai2 Era: 30?"30
Dynasty )$%nded #y Pt$lemy Lag$s 0it. its 2a+ital at AleFandria- It 2$nsisted $) '&
(ings and B%eens"regnantL all $) +%re ;a2ed$nian $riginP 2.ara2teriIed #y )reB%ent
intermarriage #et0een t.e (ing and .is sisterL $)ten 0it. t.e B%een $r B%een"m$t.er as
2$regent r%ling 0it. t.e (ing- O/er0eaning am#iti$n and greed in t.e r$yal )amily
0as t.e 2a%se $) )reB%ent +ala2e 2$%+s and assasinati$nsL 0it. (ings and des+$ts
'3
)reB%ently l$sing and regaining t.e t.r$ne (all $) 0.i2. tends t$ 2$n)%se t.e
2.r$n$l$gy)-
Pt$lemy I S$ter I 30? " 9?
Pt$lemy II P.iladel+.%s 9! " ?<
Pt$lemy III E%ergetes I ?< " '
Pt$lemy IJ P.il$+at$r ' " 0!
Pt$lemy J E+i+.anes 0! " '90
re/$lt in ,++er Egy+t:
*ar0enne)er 0! " '&&
An(.0enne)er '&& " '9<
Pt$lemy JI P.il$met$r '90 " '<?
Pt$lemy JIII E%ergetes II (=$intlyL t.en as %ser+er) ':0 " '<3
Pt$lemy JI P.il$met$r (againK) '<3 " '?!
Pt$lemy JIII E%ergetes II' (againK) '?! " ''<
Pt$lemy JII Ne$s P.il$+at$r (#rie) %ser+er) '?!
re/$lt in T.e#es:
*arsiese '3'
@- Cle$+atra III Q Pt$lemy IN S$ter II ''< " '0:
@- Cle$+atra III Q Pt$lemy N AleFander I '0: " 99
Pt$lemy IN S$ter II 99 " 9'
Pt$lemy NI AleFander II Q @- Cle$+atra 7ereni(e 9' " 90
Pt$lemy NI AleFander II 90
Pt$lemy NII Ne$s Di$nys%s 90 " !9
@- 7ereni(e IJ !9 " !!
Pt$lemy NII Ne$s Di$nys%s (againK) !! " !'
Pt$lemy NIII Q @- Cle$+atra JII !' " ?:
R%li%s Caesar arri/es in Egy+t ?9
@- Cle$+atra JII !' " 30
Pt$lemy NIJ Q @- Cle$+atra JII ?: " ??
Pt$lemy NJ Caesari$n Q Cle$+atra JII ?? " 30
R$man Era: 30 7-C- " A-D- 3&!
Egy+t 0as a 2$ns%lar +r$/in2e $) t.e R$man Em+ire administered in t.e name $) t.e
R$man em+er$r #y a s%22essi$n $) im+erial +re)e2ts- T.ey 0ere a++$inted #y t.e
em+er$r and re+$rted dire2tly t$ .im #y"+assing t.e R$man Senate- In Egy+tian artL
religi$n and i2$n$gra+.yL t.e R$man em+er$r ass%med t.e traditi$nal r$le $)
+.ara$.-
'?