Kalingga Kingdom
Kalingga Kingdom
This article is about the Javanese kingdom. For the Indian kingdom, see Kalinga (India). For other uses, see Kalinga
(disambiguation).
Kalingga
6th century7th
century
Capital
Precisely unknown, suggested somewhere between Pekalongan and Jepara
Languages
Old Javanese, Sanskrit
Religion
Hinduism, Buddhism, Animism
Government
Monarchy
Raja
- circa 674
Shima
History
- Established
6th century
- Disestablished 7th century
Kalingga Kingdom
Part of a series on the
History of Indonesia
Prehistory
Early kingdoms
Kutai
300s
Tarumanagara
358669
Kalingga
500s600s
Srivijaya
600s1200s
Sailendra
800s900s
Sunda
6691579
Medang
7521006
Kahuripan
10061045
Kediri
10451221
Singhasari
12221292
Majapahit
12931500
Rise of Muslim states
Spread of Islam
Ternate Sultanate
12001600
1257present
Samudera Pasai Sultanate
12671521
Malacca Sultanate
14001511
Cirebon Sultanate
14451677
Demak Sultanate
14751548
Aceh Sultanate
14961903
Pagaruyung Kingdom
15001825
Banten Sultanate
15261813
Mataram Sultanate
1500s1700s
European colonisation
Portuguese
15121850
Dutch East India Company 16021800
Netherlands East Indies
18001942
19451950
Emergence of Indonesia
Kalingga Kingdom
National Awakening 19081942
Japanese occupation 19421945
National Revolution 19451950
Independence
Liberal democracy
19501957
Guided Democracy
19571965
Transition
19651966
New Order
19661998
Reformasi
1998present
Timeline
Indonesia portal
v
t
e [1]
Kalingga (Javanese: Karajan Kalingga; Hlng or Dp in Chinese sources[2]) was an Indianized
kingdom on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia. It was the earliest Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Central Java,
and together with Kutai and Tarumanagara are the oldest kingdoms in Indonesian history. The exact location of
kingdom's capital is unknown, it is thought to be somewhere between present-day Pekalongan and Jepara. Kalingga
existed between the 6th and 7th century, and it was one of the earliest Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms established in Java.
The historical record of this kingdom is scarce and vague, and comes mostly from Chinese sources and local
traditions.
It had trading links with the kingdoms of the north Indian Emperor Harsha and the south Indian Emperor Pulakesi II
in the 7th century. The Chinese sources come from China and date back to the Tang Dynasty. According to the
Chinese Buddhist monk Yijing, in 664 CE a Chinese Buddhist monk named Huining ( Hunng) had arrived in
Heling and stayed there for about three years. During his stay, and with the assistance of Jnanabhadra, a Heling
monk, he translated numerous Buddhist Hinayana scriptures.
In 674 CE the kingdom was ruled by Queen Shima, notorious for her fierce law against thievery, which encouraged
her people to be honest and uphold absolute truth. According to tradition, one day a foreign king placed a bag filled
with gold on the intersection in Kalingga to test the famed truthful and honesty of Kalingga people. Nobody dared to
touch the bag that did not belong to them, until three years later when Shima's son, the crown prince, accidentally
touched the bag with his foot. The queen issued a death sentence to her own son, but was overruled by a minister that
appealed the queen to spare the prince's life. Since it was the prince's foot that touched the bag of gold, so it was the
foot that must be punished through mutilation. According to Carita Parahyangan, a book composed in later period,
Shima's great-grandson is Sanjaya, who is the king of Sunda Kingdom and Galuh Kingdom, and also the founder of
Medang Kingdom.
Kalingga Kingdom
Inscriptions
The Tukmas inscription was estimated to be originated from Kalingga period. It was discovered on the western slope
of Mount Merapi, at Dusun Dakawu, Lebak village, Kecamatan Grabag, Magelang Regency, Central Java, and is
written in Pallava script in Sanskrit tells about a clear spring water that is so sacred that adored as the analogue of
holy Ganges's source in India. The inscription also bears Hindu signs and imageries, such as trisula, kamandalu
(water jar), parashu (axe), kalacengkha (shell), chakra and padma (red lotus), those are symbols of Hindu gods.[3]
Another inscription dated from around the same period is Sojomerto inscription, discovered in Sojomerto village,
Kecamatan Reban, Batang Regency, Central Java. It is written in Kavi script in Old Malay language, estimated dated
from 7th century. The inscription tell about a ruler named Dapunta Selendra, son of Santanu and Bhadrawati, and
husband of Sampula. Indonesian historian Prof. Drs. Boechari suggested that Dapunta Selendra was the ancestor of
Sailendras that later rule in Mataram Kingdom.
Both inscriptions suggest that circa 7th century on the northern coast of Central Java, once flourish a Hindu Shivaist
kingdom, today identified as Kalingga kingdom. Some oldest Javanese candis are also can be found in mountainous
surrounding areas on northern Central Java, such as the Hindu temples of Dieng Plateau, and Gedong Songo
temples, but they are probably built in later period, during the early Medang Kingdom. Historian suggested that there
was a link between this old kingdom with later kingdom flourish in Southern Central Java Kedu Plain, the Sailendra
of Medang i Bhumi Mataram.
References
[1] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:History_of_Indonesia& action=edit
[2] Chang Chi-yun. "Eastern Asia in the Sui and T'and Period" (map). Historical Atlas of China. Vol. 1. Taipei: Chinese Culture University
Press, 1980. p. 49
[3] IPS Terpadu Kelas VII SMP/MTs, Penerbit Galaxy Puspa Mega:Tim IPS SMP/MTs.
Article Sources and Contributors
Article Sources and Contributors
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Prabhu, Lainestl, Magioladitis, Merbabu, Qie26, Top Jim, 3 anonymous edits
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