A Mini Project Report on

Environmental Pollution

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the P.G of

Master of Business Administration

By

SK.RAMEEZ ILAHI
Regd.no:097X1E0046

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. NAGESWARA RAO

M.B.A Dept

DEPARTMET OF Master of Business Administration

SRI VEERAVENKATA SATYANARAYANA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ONGOLE

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SRI VEERAVENKATA SATYANARAYANA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Kurnool Road,Ongole - 523002 :: Andhra Pradesh, India
Approved by A.I.C.T.E and Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University
 Environmental Pollution
Every year in the U.S. factories release over 3 million tons of toxic chemicals into
the land, air and water. This hazardous waste causes us to lose over 15 million
acres of land every year, it leads to respiratory complications and other health
problems and it makes our rivers and lakes too polluted for us to swim in and
drink.

But factories are only part of the problem of pollution. Pollution is caused by
industrial and commercial waste, agriculture practices, everyday human activities
and most notably, modes of transportation. No matter where you go and what you
do, there are remnants of pollution.

What is pollution?

Pollution is the introduction of a contaminant into the environment. It is created

mostly by human actions, but can also be a result of natural disasters. Pollution has
a detrimental effect on any living organism in an environment, making it virtually
impossible to sustain life.

Modern forms include:-

• Thermal pollution, which is the discharge of heated water and is an aspect

of water pollution
• Noise pollution, which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise,
industrial noise and barking dogs
• Light pollution, which includes light trespass and over illumination,
lighting such as floodlighting on sports fields, can be a source of noise
pollution
• Visual pollution, which includes the presence of overhead power lines,
billboard scarred landforms and the open storage of junk.

Pollutants are known to be a factor in many illnesses and diseases including

cancer, immune diseases, allergies and asthma. While the general public have
become more aware of the potential harm posed by the more traditional forms of
pollution, awareness of the consequences of the more modern additions is less
well known.
The amount of pollution that has entered our environment has been greatly
increased by human activity and can have a negative impact on human quality of
life and the health of the environment. Water pollution can seriously degrade our
waterways which causes a loss of biodiversity, health of the waterway and also
causes visual pollution.

Council works with the local community, other government agencies and the
private sector in an effort to reduce pollution. A change in practices and
environmental laws particularly over the last two decades has greatly increased our
chances of combating pollution. However, it remains the responsibility of
government, business and individuals alike if long-term gains are to be achieved.

Environmental pollution :-

There are a number of different types of pollution that have a large cumulative
impact on our local environment.

The Environmental Health Unit conducts a number of programs to ensure local

businesses, including market gardeners, builders and developers, carry out their
business in accordance with best practice principles and legislative requirements.
These include audits of septic tanks, monitoring of building sites and education
programs.

Western Sydney, including Liverpool, is particularly affected by air pollution due

to patterns of air circulation and certain landforms in the greater Sydney region.
We know from measurements taken by the NSW Department of Environment and
Conservation, that air quality in Liverpool has remained fairly constant.

Motor vehicles, small industry and food businesses are some of the main
contributors to poor air quality. The number of vehicles and small businesses has
increased in line with the growth in the population of Liverpool. With economic
growth also comes an increasing demand for industry and agriculture, which can
both greatly, impact on air quality Arson and brushfires also contribute
significantly to poor air quality across the Sydney region.

Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions also impact air quality. Greenhouse gas
emissions act like a blanket surrounding the earth, trapping the sun's heat in the
atmosphere, warming the planet. This naturally occurring effect is known as the
greenhouse effect. This can change the Earth's climate. Predicted climate changes
include hotter weather, more brushfires and storms, loss of some plants and
animals, rising sea levels and loss of biodiversity.
Pollution:-

There are a number of different types of pollution that have a large cumulative
impact on our local environment. Traditional forms of pollution have included:

• Air pollution
• Water pollution

Air :-

Air Pollution is the accumulation of hazardous substances into the atmosphere that
danger human life and other living matter.

What are the sources of Air pollution?

Some of the main contributors to air pollution are:

• Automobile emissions
• Tobacco smoke
• Combustion of coal
• Acid rain
• Noise pollution from cars and construction

Facts about Air Pollution:-

Here are a few facts about air pollution:

• Almost 232 million different types of vehicles are driven by U.S. citizens
every day, adding greenhouse gases into the air
• U.S. vehicle emissions contribute 45% to global warming
• The average adult consumes 3,000 gallons of polluted air every day
• Vehicle exhaust contributes to 60% of carbon monoxide emissions in the
U.S. and up to 95% in large cities
• Every year 335,000 Americans die of lung cancer, which is a direct result
of air pollution
How to Prevent Air Pollution:-

The number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bike more and drive
less. This will prevent fossil fuels from polluting the air. Here are some other ways
to prevent air pollution:

• Don’t smoke
• Keep your car maintenance up-to-date
• If you have to drive, do your errands at one time
• Don’t buy products that come in aerosol spray cans
• Avoid using lighter fluid when barbecuing outside
• When you drive accelerate slowly and use cruise control
• Always replace your car’s air filter
• Don’t use harsh chemical cleaners that can emit fumes
• Inspect your gas appliances and heaters regularly

Water pollution :-

Water pollution is largely caused by human activity and has had a major impact on
our local waterways and their ability to be healthy and function naturally. Water
pollution is the introduction of chemical, biological and physical matter into large
bodies of water that degrade the quality of life that lives in it and consumes it.

Some of the main contributors to water pollution are:

• Factories
• Refineries
• Waste treatment facilities
• Mining
• Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
• Human sewage
• Oil spills
• Failing septic systems
• Soap from washing your car
• Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars
• Household chemicals
• Animal waste
Facts about Water Pollution:-

Here are a few facts about water pollution:

• Over two-thirds of U.S. estuaries and bays are severely degraded because of
nitrogen and phosphorous pollution
• Every year almost 25% of U.S. beaches are closed at least once because of
water pollution
• Over 73 different kinds of pesticides have been found in the groundwater
that we eventually use to drink
• 1.2 trillion gallons of sewage, stormwater and industrial waste are
discharged into U.S. waters every year
• 40% of U.S. rivers are too polluted for aquatic life to survive
• Americans use over 2.2 billion pounds of pesticides every year, which
eventually washes into our rivers and lakes .

How to Prevent Water Pollution:-

The best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw trash and other harmful
chemicals into our water supplies. Here are a few more ways you can prevent
water pollution:

 Wash your car far away from any stormwater drains

 Don’t throw trash, chemicals or solvents into sewer drains
 Inspect your septic system every 3-5 years
 Avoid using pesticides and fertilizers that can run off into water systems
 Sweep your driveway instead of hosing it down
 Always pump your waste-holding tanks on your boat
 Use non-toxic cleaning materials
 Clean up oil and other liquid spills with kitty litter and sweet them up
 Don’t wash paint brushes in the sink
 Point source pollution is any pollution that originates from a single
location. It is often associated with intensive production activities
including farming, manufacturing and service sectors such as sewage
treatment plants, on-site sewage management systems, industrial activities
and discharges from urban storm water drains.
  Point sources are largely regulated through the Protection of the
Environment Operations Act, 1997. The Act permits Council and the NSW
Department of Environment and Conservation to regulate various polluting
issues, including issuing clean up or prevention notices. Nonetheless, point
sources can discharge a variety of pollutants to aquatic environments and
have the potential to cause severe long-term impacts.
 Diffuse sources are generated mainly by run-off after rain, which collects
pollutants from across a wide area. Diffuse sources in urban areas include
roads, industrial and commercial premises, parks, gardens and households.
Storm water typically contains litter, nutrients, bacteria, pathogens
pesticides, heavy metals, sediment, oils, grease and other pollutants. In
rural areas diffuse sources include agricultural activities, such as cropping,
irrigation, livestock grazing and intensive livestock industries as well as
unsealed roads. Rural run-off can increase the levels of sediment, nutrients,
pesticides and chemicals in waterways.

The ability of these pollutant sources to cause a decline in water quality depends
on the amount of vegetation cover, intensity of land use and the loss of vegetation
along creek banks. All of these factors effect the ability of our waterways to cope
with increased nutrients, sediment and changes in flows which causes changes to
the health of the waterways through decline in water quality, native plant and
animals. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers,
oceans, and groundwater. All water pollution affects organisms and plants that live
in these bodies of water and in almost all cases the effect is damaging either to
individual species and populations but also to the natural biological communities.
It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies
without adequate treatment to remove harmful constituents.

Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested
that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, "death">"death2">
and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily."death2"/> An
estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian
children die of diarrheal sickness every day. "creaking"> Some 90% of Chinas
cities suffer from some degree of water pollution,"". Chinadaily.com.cn. 2005-06-
07. and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water."". The New
York Times. August 26, 2007.

In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries,

industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In
the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 45 percent of
assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of
assessed bay and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted .United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Washington, DC. October 2007. Fact
Sheet No. EPA 841-F-07-003.Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is
impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use,
like serving as drinking water, and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to
support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such
as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in
water quality.