NURSING CARE PLAN
Assessment
S-
Objectives :
RR- 24
Abnormal
breath sounds
use of
accessory
muscles
Dyspnea
Cyanosis
Cough
with sputum
production
Nursing Diagnosis
Planning
Ineffective Airway After 8 hours of Nursing
Clearance related
Intervention the patient
to
will :
Tracheal bronchial
inflammation,
Identify/demonst
decrease energy
rate behaviors to
and fatigue
achieve airway
clearance.
Intervention
Assess
rate/depth
respirations
and
movement.
of
chest
Rationale
Tachypnea, shallow respirations, and
asymmetric chest movement are
frequently present because of
discomfort of moving chest wall
and/or fluid in lung.
Auscultate lung fields, noting
areas of decreased/absent
airflow and adventitious
breath sounds, e.g., crackles,
wheezes.
Elevate head of bed, change
position frequently
Lowers diaphragm, promoting chest
expansion, aeration of lung segments,
mobilization and expectoration of
secretions.
Assist patient with frequent
deep-breathing
exercises.
Demonstrate/help
patient
learn to perform activity, e.g.,
splinting chest and effective
coughing while in upright
position.
Deep breathing facilitates maximum
expansion of the lungs/smaller
airways. Coughing is a natural selfcleaning mechanism, assisting the
cilia to maintain patent airways.
Splinting reduces chest discomfort,
and an upright position favors deeper,
more forceful cough effort.
Suction as indicated (e.g.,
frequent or sustained cough,
adventitious breath sounds,
desaturation related to airway
secretions).
Stimulates cough or mechanically
clears airway in patient who is unable
to do so because of ineffective cough
or decreased level of consciousness.
Display patent
airway with breath
sounds clearing;
absence of dyspnea,
cyanosis.
Decreased airflow occurs in areas
consolidated with fluid. Bronchial
breath sounds (normal over bronchus)
can also occur in consolidated areas.
Crackles, rhonchi, and wheezes are
heard on inspiration and/or expiration
in response to fluid accumulation,
thick
secretions,
and
airway
spasm/obstruction.
Evaluation
Goal partially met.
After 8 hours of Nursing
Intervention the patient :
Identified/demonstrated
behaviors to achieve
airway clearance.
Displayed patent airway
with breath sounds
clearing; absence of
dyspnea, cyanosis.
Force fluids to at least 3000
mL/day
(unless
contraindicated, as in heart
failure). Offer warm, rather
than cold, fluids.
Fluids (especially warm liquids) aid
in mobilization and expectoration of
secretions
Assist with/monitor effects of
nebulizer treatments and
other
respiratory
physiotherapy, e.g., incentive
spirometer, IPPB, percussion,
postural drainage. Perform
treatments between meals and
limit fluids when appropriate.
Facilitates liquefaction and removal
of secretions. Postural drainage may
not be effective in interstitial
pneumonias or those causing alveolar
exudate/destruction. Coordination of
treatments/schedules and oral intake
reduces likelihood of vomiting with
coughing, expectorations.
Administer medications as
indicated:
mucolytics,
expectorants,
bronchodilators, analgesics.
Aids in reduction of bronchospasm
and mobilization of secretions.
Analgesics are given to improve
cough effort by reducing discomfort,
but should be used cautiously because
they
can
decrease
cough
effort/depress respirations.
Provide supplemental fluids,
e.g., IV, humidified oxygen,
and room humidification
Fluids are required to replace losses
(including insensible) and aid in
mobilization of secretions. Note:
Some studies indicate that room
humidification has been found to
provide minimal benefit and is
thought to increase the risk of
transmitting infection.
Monitor serial chest x-rays,
ABGs,
pulse
oximetry
readings.
Follows progress and effects of
disease process/therapeutic regimen,
and facilitates necessary alterations in
therapy.
