Foods with GI index less than 55 are considered Low Glycemic Index food (GI < 55

). Foods with GI index between 55 and 70 are considered intermediate (55< GI <70
). High Glycemic Index foods are with GI index more than 70 (GI >70).
This is the definitive table for both the glycemic index and the glycemic load.
I am able to reproduce it here courtesy of the author, Professor Jennie Brand-Mi
ller of the University of Sydney. It is based on a table in different format but
no more foods published December 2008 in Diabetes Care. However, only the abstr
act is free online there.
GI of 55 is low; GL of 10 is low.
This table includes the glycemic index and glycemic load of more than 2,480 indi
vidual food items. Not all of them, however, are available in the United States.
They represent a true international effort of testing around the world.
The glycemic index (GI) is a numerical system of measuring how much of a rise in
circulating blood sugar a carbohydrate triggers the higher the number, the greate
r the blood sugar response. So a low GI food will cause a small rise, while a hi
gh GI food will trigger a dramatic spike. A list of carbohydrates with their gly
cemic values is shown below. A GI of 70 or more is high, a GI of 56 to 69 inclus
ive is medium, and a GI of 55 or less is low.
The glycemic load (GL) is a relatively new way to assess the impact of carbohydr
ate consumption that takes the glycemic index into account, but gives a fuller p
icture than does glycemic index alone. A GI value tells you only how rapidly a p
articular carbohydrate turns into sugar. It doesn't tell you how much of that ca
rbohydrate is in a serving of a particular food. You need to know both things to
understand a food's effect on blood sugar. That is where glycemic load comes in
. The carbohydrate in watermelon, for example, has a high GI. But there isn't a
lot of it, so watermelon's glycemic load is relatively low. A GL of 20 or more i
s high, a GL of 11 to 19 inclusive is medium, and a GL of 10 or less is low.
Foods that have a low GL almost always have a low GI. Foods with an intermediate
or high GL range from very low to very high GI.
Both GI and GL are listed here. The GI is of foods based on the glucose index wher
e glucose is set to equal 100. The other is the glycemic load, which is the glyc
emic index divided by 100 multiplied by its available carbohydrate content (i.e.
carbohydrates minus fiber) in grams. (The "Serve size (g)" column is the servin
g size in grams for calculating the glycemic load; for simplicity of presentatio
n I have left out an intermediate column that shows the available carbohydrates
in the stated serving sizes.) Take, watermelon as an example of calculating glyc
emic load. Its glycemic index is pretty high, about 72. According to the calcula
tions by the people at the University of Sydney's Human Nutrition Unit, in a ser
ving of 120 grams it has 6 grams of available carbohydrate per serving, so its g
lycemic load is pretty low, 72/100*6=4.32, rounded to 4.
Glycemic Index & Glycemic Load Rating Chart
My previous glycemic index page, which this page supplants, was based on the 200
2 table published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That in turn su
pplanted my original glycemic lists page, which was based on the original 1995 p

ublication of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

I know that some people would prefer the relative simplicity of a list of just t
he most common American foods. You can find such a list at http://www.mendosa.co
m/common_foods.htm.
If you are looking for a relatively simple description of the glycemic index, pl
ease see my article titled "The Glycemic Index" at http://www.mendosa.com/gidige
st.htm.
Notice!
You can print out this file. But before printing, be sure to check if the last c
olumn is fully visible. On my computer I needed to change the margins in Interne
t Explorer (with file, page setup) from 0.75 inches to 0.25 inches. You may need
to make it even wider by changing the print setup orientation from the normal p
ortrait to landscape. Then, please first check if you've got it by printing just
one page of the table.
This table may be freely utilized for personal use, but may not be copied to any
other Web site or publication. Webmasters of other Web sites are, however, welc
omed to link this Web page.
Before asking about the glycemic index or glycemic load, please refer to my main
Glycemic Index page.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Table of glycemic index and load values

The average GI of 62 common foods derived from multiple studies by different lab
oratories
High-carbohydrate foods GI
White wheat bread* 752
Whole wheat/whole meal bread 742
Speciality grain bread 532
Unleavened wheat bread* 705
Wheat roti 623
Chapatti 524
Corn tortilla 464
White rice, boiled* 734
Brown rice, boiled 684
Barley 282
Sweet corn 525
Spaghetti, white 492
Spaghetti, whole meal 485
Rice noodles 537
Udon noodles 557
Couscous 654
Breakfast Cereals
Cornflakes 816
Wheat flake biscuits 692
Porridge, rolled oats 552
Instant oat porridge 793
Rice porridge/congee 789

Millet porridge 675

Muesli 572
Fruit and fruit products
Apple, raw 362
Orange, raw 433
Banana, raw 513
Pineapple, raw 598
Mango, raw 515
Watermelon, raw 764
Dates, raw 424
Peaches, canned 435
Strawberry jam/jelly 493
Apple juice 412
Orange juice 502
Vegetables
Potato, boiled 784
Potato, instant mashed 873
Potato, french fries 635
Carrots, boiled 394
Sweet potato, boiled 636
Pumpkin, boiled 647
Plantain/green banana 556
Taro, boiled 532
Vegetable soup 485
Dairy products and alternatives
Milk, full fat 393
Milk, skim 374
Ice cream 513
Yogurt, fruit 412
Soy milk 344
Rice milk 867
Legumes
Chickpeas 289
Kidney beans 244
Lentils 325
Soya beans 161
Snack products
Chocolate 403
Popcorn 655
Potato crisps 563
Soft drink/soda 593
Rice crackers/crisps 872
Sugars
Fructose 154
Sucrose 654
Glucose 1033
Honey 613
Data are means. *Low-GI varities were also
ata.
Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL)
rmal glucose tolerance: 2008
Food Number and Item GI2 Serve GL3
(Glucose Size per
= 100) g serve
BAKERY PRODUCTS
Cakes
1 Banana cake, made with sugar 478 60 14
2 Banana cake, made without sugar 5510 60
3 Carrot cake, prepared with coconut flour

identified.

Average of all available d

values determined in subjects with no

12
(Philippines) 36 60 8

4 Chocolate cake made from packet mix 383 111 20

with chocolate frosting (Betty Crocker,
General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, USA)
5 Cupcake, strawberry-iced (Squiggles, 7312 38 19
Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
6 Lamingtons (sponge dipped in chocolate and 8717 50 25
coconut) (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia)
7 Pound cake 0% (Bimbo S.A de C.V, Mexico) 385 60 9
8 Raspberry Coffee cake, President's Choice 504 60 13
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
9 Vanilla cake, made from packet mix with 424 58 24
vanilla frosting (Betty Crocker, USA)
Desserts
10 Apple Berry crumble, President's Choice 413 165 14
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
11 Bavarian (mousse filling on biscuit base), Chocolate 315 75 6
honeycomb, light (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)
12 Danish, Apple & Peach, light (Sara Lee Bakery, 504 50 11
Australia)
13 Doughnut, wheat dough, deep-fried (China) 757 50 15
Muffins
14 Apple muffin, made with rolled oats and sugar 446 60 13
15 Apple muffin, made rolled oats and without sugar 4810 60 9
16 Apple Blueberry muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia) 494 60 12
17 Apple, oat, sultana muffin (Australia) 544 50 14
18 Apricot, coconut and honey muffin (Australia) 604 50 16
19 Banana, oat and honey muffin (Australia) 6511 50 17
20 Blueberry muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia) 503 60 15
21 Blueberry (Wild) 10-Grain muffin, President's Choice 577 70 22
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
22 Chocolate butterscotch muffin (Australia) 535 50 15
23 Chocolate chip muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia) 526 60 17
24 Cranberry & Orange Soy muffin, President's Choice 486 70 14
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
25 Double chocolate muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia) 464 60 16
26 Muffin, plain, made from wheat flour (Spain) 468 50 11
27 Muffin, reduced-fat, low-calorie, made from 373 50 9
high-amylose corn starch and maltitol (Spain)
28 Raisin Bran Flax muffin, President's Choice 523 70 17
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
29 Raspberry Pomegranate muffin, President's Choice 587 70 19
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Pancakes
30 Pancakes, homemade (Fiji) 669 80 17
31 Pancakes, prepared from shake mix 675 80 38
(Green's General Foods, Glendenning, Australia)
32 Pancakes, prepared from wheat flour (China) 804 80 16
33 Pancakes, buckwheat, gluten-free, made from packet 10211 80 23
mix (Orgran Natural Foods, Carrum Downs, Australia)
34 Pancakes, gluten-free, made from packet mix 616 80 32
(Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Australia)
35 Pancakes, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines) 46 80 10
36 Pan de sal (sweet bread roll), containing coconut 61 80 22
flour (Philippines)
37 Pastry, puff (PampasTM, Australia) 565 50 11
38 Pikelets, Golden brand (Tip Top Bakeries, 8514 40 18
Chatswood, Australia)
39 Scones, plain, made from packet mix 928 25 8

(Defiance Milling Co, Australia)

BEVERAGES
40 Aussie Bodies Start the Day UHT, Choc Banana 243 250 mL 4
flavored drink (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
41 Aussie Bodies Start the Day UHT, Chocolate 264 250 mL 4
flavored drink (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
42 Beer, Toohey's New (Tooheys Pty Limited, Australia)7 667 250 mL 5
43 Chocolate DaydreamTM shake, fructose (Revival 334 250 mL 6
Soy, Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)8
44 Chocolate DaydreamTM shake, sucralose (Revival 254 250 mL 1
Soy, Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)8
Coca Cola
45 Coca Cola, soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Sydney, 537 250 mL 14
Australia)
46 Coca Cola, soft drink (Coca Cola Bottling 63 250 mL 16
Company, Atlanta, USA)
47 Cordial, orange, reconstituted (Berri Ltd, 668 250 mL 13
Berri, Australia)
48 Fanta, orange soft drink 686 250 mL 23
(Coca Cola Amatil, Australia)
49 Fruit punch (USA) 67 250 mL 19
50 Lemonade, Scheweppes, lemon soft drink 545 250 mL 15
(Cadbury Schweppes, Sydney, Australia)
51 Mars Active Energy Drink, flavored milk 464 250 mL 15
(M&M/Mars, USA)
52 Orange Delight Cocktail with pulp, 445 250 mL 7
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
53 RibenaTM blackcurrant fruit syrup, reconsituted 525 250 mL 17
with water (GlaxoSmithKline Group, Australia)
Rice milk drink
54 Rice milk drink, low-fat, Australia's Own NaturalTM 929 250 mL 29
(So Natural Foods, Taren Point, Australia)
55 Vitasoy rice milk, low-fat, calcium enriched 798 250 mL 17
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
56 Slim FastTM French Vanilla ready-to-drink shake 375 250 mL 10
(Slim Fast Foods Company, Englewood, USA)
Smoothie, made from milk and fruit
57 Smoothie, banana (Australia) 304 250 mL 8
58 Smoothie, banana and strawberry, V8 Splash 443 250 mL 11
(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, USA)
59 Smoothie, mango (Australia) 324 250 mL 9
60 Smoothie, raspberry (Con Agra Inc, Omaha, USA) 339 250 mL 14
mean of four foods 353 250 mL 11
Smoothie, made from soy milk
61 Smoothie drink, soy, banana 303 250 mL 7
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
62 Smoothie drink, soy, chocolate hazelnut 343 250 mL 8
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
63 SoloTM, lemon squash, soft drink 585 250 mL 17
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)8
64 Soy Beverage, Chocolate flavored, President's 405 250 mL 11
Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
65 Soy Beverage, Original flavored, President's Choice 154 250 mL 1
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
66 Soy Beverage, Vanilla flavored, President's Choice 283 250 mL 4
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
67 Up & Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid 435 250 mL 11
breakfast) (Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)8

68 Up & Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal 465 250 mL 11
liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)8
69 V8 Splash, tropical blend fruit drink 474 250 mL 13
(Campbell's Soup Company, USA)
70 Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and 392 250 mL 13
legume extract drink with fructose)8
(So Natural Foods, Australia)
71 V8 100% vegetable juice 434 250 mL 4
(Campbell's Soup Company, USA)
72 Yakult, fermented milk drink with 466 65 mL 6
Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Australia)
73 Yakult Light, fermented milk drink with 366 65 mL 3
Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Australia)
Sports drinks
74 Gatorade (Spring Valley Beverages Pty 7813 250 mL 12
Ltd, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia)
75 Isostar (Novartis Consumer Health, 7015 250 mL 13
Nyon, Switzerland)
76 Sustagen Sport (Mead Johnson, 439 250 mL 21
Rydalmere, NSW, Australia)
77 Thorpedo Advanced Hydration for Kids, all flavors 112 250 mL 4
(Thorpedo Foods, Australia)
78 Thorpedo Ultra Low GI Energy Water, all flavors 164 250 mL 2
(Thorpedo Foods, Australia)
Drinks made from drinking mix powders
79 Aussie Bodies Trim Protein Shake, Chocolate 394 250 mL 5
flavored (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
80 Aussie Bodies Trim Protein Shake, French Vanilla 413 250 mL 5
flavored (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
81 Build-UpTM nutrient-fortified drink, vanilla 414 250 mL 14
with fiber, (Nestl, Sydney, Australia)
82 CinchTM Caf Latte weight management powder, 273 250 mL 8
prepared with skim milk
(Shaklee Corporation, Pleasanton, USA)
83 CinchTM Chocolate weight management powder, 163 250 mL 5
prepared with skim milk
(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
84 CinchTM Vanilla weight management powder, 223 250 mL 6
prepared with skim milk (Shaklee Corporation, USA)
85 Complete Hot Chocolate mix made with 513 250 mL 12
hot water (Nestl, Australia)
86 Hi-Pro energy drink mix, vanilla, containing soy 363 250 mL 7
protein and whey powder (Harrod foods, Sefton,
Australia) mixed in reduced-fat (1.5%) milk
87 Malted milk powder in full-fat milk (Nestl, Australia) 453 250 mL 12
MiloTM (chocolate nutrient-fortified drink powder)
88 MiloTM (Nestl, Australia) dissolved in water 553 250 mL 9
89 MiloTM (Nestl, Auckland, New Zealand) 525 250 mL 8
dissolved in water
90 MiloTM (Nestl, Australia) dissolved in full-fat milk 352 250 mL 9
91 MiloTM (Nestl, New Zealand) dissolved in full-fat milk 363 250 mL 9
92 MiloTM Breakfast Smoothie powder prepared 395 250 mL 13
with skim milk (Nestl, Australia)
93 NutrimealTM, meal replacement drink, Dutch Chocolate 263 250 mL 4
(Usana, Salt Lake City, USA) (2000)
94 NutrimealTM, meal replacement drink, all flavors 202 250 mL 3
(Usana Australia, Baulkham Hills, Australia) (2007)
95 Proform Hi-protein powder, neutral flavor, 453 250 mL 22
prepared with skim milk
(MGC Dairy Co Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia)

96 Proform Hi-protein powder, vanilla flavor, prepared 425 250 mL 21

with skim milk (MGC Dairy Co Pty Ltd, Australia)
QuikTM (sweet drink powder)
97 QuikTM, chocolate (Nestl, Australia), made with water 535 250 4
98 QuikTM, chocolate (Nestl, Australia), prepared with 414 250 5
1.5% fat milk
99 QuikTM, strawberry (Nestl, Australia), prepared 648 250 5
with in water
100 QuikTM, strawberry (Nestl, Australia), prepared 353 250 4
with 1.5% fat milk
BREADS
101 Bagel, white (USA)9 69 70 24
Baguette
102 Traditional French baguette (prepared with wheat 579 30 10
flour, water, salt and 20 g yeast) (France)
103 Whole Grain Baguette, President's Choice Blue 736 30 9
Menutm (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
104 French baguette with chocolate spread (France) 728 70 27
105 French baguette with butter and strawberry jam 627 70 26
(France)
106 Pain au lait (Pasquier, France) 6310 60 20
Barley breads
Coarse barley kernel bread, 80% kernels
107 80% scalded intact kernels (20% white wheat flour) 34 30 7
108 80% intact kernels (20% white wheat flour) 40 30 8
109 Barley kernel bread, 50% kibbled barley (Australia) 48 30 10
110 Sunflower and barley bread (Riga bakeries, 576 30 6
Sydney, Australia)
111 Sunflower and barley bread (Vogel's, UK) 7010 30 8
Barley flour breads
112 Wholemeal barley flour (80%) bread 67 30 13
(20% white wheat flour) (Sweden)
113 Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft (50% regular 50 30 7
barley flour, 50% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
114 Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft (20% regular 43 30 5
barley flour, 80% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
115 Barley flour bread, made from 50% wheat flour and 7415 30 12
50% coarse sieved barley flour (containing 4.2%
total 1-3, 1-4 -glucan of which 2.8% soluble) (Italy)
116 Barley flour bread, made from 80% wheat flour and 707 30 11
20% water-extracted barley flour (containing 6.3%
total 1-3, 1-4 -glucan of which 5.7% soluble) (Italy)
117 Whole grain barley flour bread, made from 50% barley 8514 30 15
flour and 50% wheat flour (containing 2.4%
total 1-3, 1-4 -glucan of which 2.0% soluble) (Italy)
118 Barley bread, 70% high-amylose barley flour and 49 30 6
30% white wheat flour, baked long-time at
low tempertaure (Sweden)
119 Barley bread, 70% high-amylose barley flour & 30% 70 30 9
white wheat flour, conventionally baked (Sweden)
Wholemeal barley flour (80%) & white wheat flour
(20%) breads - fermented or with added
organic acids or salts (Sweden)
120 Wholemeal barley flour bread (used as reference food 70 30 14
for the 5 breads below)9
121 Wholemeal barley flour bread with 53 30 10
sourdough (lactic acid)9
122 Wholemeal barley flour bread with lactic acid9 66 30 12
123 Wholemeal barley flour bread with calcium lactate9 59 30 12

124 Wholemeal barley flour bread with sodium propionate9 65 30 13

125 Wholemeal barley flour bread with higher dose 57 30 11
sodium propionate9
Buckwheat bread
126 Buckwheat bread, 50% dehusked buckwheat 47 30 10
groats and 50% white wheat flour (Sweden)
127 Buckwheat bread (China) 672 30 13
Chickpea flour bread
128 Chickpea flour bread, made from Amethyst-type 55 30 7
desi chickpeas (JK International Pty Ltd,
Rocklea, Australia)
129 Chickpea flour bread, made from extruded 67 30 8
chickpea flour (Australia)
130 Corn tortilla, made from white corn, Diego's brand 496 50 11
(San Diego Tortilla Factory Pty Ltd, Andrews,
QLD, Australia)
131 Bread, flax, made from flax meal & wheat flour (Canada)9 67 30 8
Fruit breads
132 Brgen Fruit loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, 445 30 6
Chatswood, Australia)
133 Brgen Fruit and Muesli bread 534 30 7
(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
134 Continental fruit loaf, wheat bread 476 30 7
with dried fruit (Australia)
135 Fruit and cinnamon bread (Finest, UK) 7111 30 11
136 Fruit and Spice Loaf, thick sliced 546 30 8
(Buttercup bakeries, Moorebank, Australia)
137 Fruit loaf, sliced (UK) 576 30 9
138 HappinessTM (cinnamon, raisin, pecan bread) 635 30 9
(Natural Ovens, Mannitowoc, USA)
139 Muesli bread, made from packet mix in 546 30 7
bread making machine (Con Agra Inc., USA)
140 Whole-wheat bread with dried fruit (China) 472 30 7
Gluten-free bread
141 Gluten-free multigrain bread (Country Life Bakery, 7913 30 10
Dandenong, Australia)
142 Gluten-free white bread (Country Life Bakery, Autralia) 405 30 3
143 Gluten-free buckwheat bread, made with buckwheat 725 30 8
meal & rice flour
(Naturis Organic Bread, NSW, Australia)
Hamburger/Hot dog buns
144 100% Whole wheat Gigantico Burger Buns, 626 30 7
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
145 100% Whole wheat Gigantico Hot Dog Rolls, 626 30 7
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Oat bread
146 Coarse oat kernel bread, 80% intact oat kernels 65 30 12
and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
Oat bran bread
147 50% oat bran (Australia) 44 30 8
148 45% oat bran and 50% wheat flour (Sweden) 50 30 9
149 Oatmeal batch bread (UK) 628 30 9
Rice bread
150 Rice bread, low-amylose Calrose rice 729 30 8
(Pav's Allergy Bakery, Ingleburn, Australia)
151 Rice bread, high-amylose Doongara rice 619 30 7
(Pav's Allergy Bakery, Australia)
Rye bread

152 Rye bread (50% rye flour + 50% wheat flour) (Turkey) 50 30 7
153 Wheat and rye bread (75% wheat flour + 40 30 6
10% rye flour + 15% wheat bran) (Turkey)
Rye kernel bread
154 Coarse rye kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 41 30 5
20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
155 Whole-kernel rye bread, 60% whole rye kernels 57 30 6
and 40% rye flour (Finland)11
156 Rye bread (80% rye flour + 20% oat -glucan 66 30 6
concentrate) (Finland)11
157 Rye bread, 69% whole-grain rye flour 7810 30 11
(Jalkiuunileipa, Oululainen Ltd, Lahti, Finland)
Specialty rye breads
158 Blackbread, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, 7614 30 10
Sydney, Australia)
159 BrgenTM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 5512 30 6
160 BrgenTM Rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 513 30 5
161 Country Grain Organic Rye 534 30 5
(Country Life Bakery, Australia)
162 Roggenbrot, Vogel's (Stevns & Co, Sydney, 595 30 8
NSW, Australia)
163 Rye Hi-Soy with Linseed 554 30 5
(Country Life Bakery, Australia)
164 Schinkenbrot, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, 8615 30 12
Sydney, Australia)
165 Sourdough rye (Australia) 48 30 6
Wheat Breads
166 Coarse wheat kernel bread, 80% intact kernels 52 30 10
and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
Spelt wheat breads
167 White spelt wheat bread (Belgium) 65 30 10
168 White spelt wheat bread (Slovenia)12 74 30 17
169 Wholemeal spelt wheat bread (Slovenia)12 63 30 12
170 Scalded spelt wheat kernel bread (Slovenia)12 67 30 15
171 Spelt multigrain bread (Pav's bakery, Australia) 5410 30 7
White wheat flour bread
172 White flour (UK) 5911 30 8
173 White flour (Canada) 695 30 10
174 White flour, SunblestTM (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 70 30 10
175 White flour (Sainsbury's, UK) 7010 30 10
176 White flour bread 713 30 10
177 White flour (Pepperidge Farm, Norwalk, CT, USA) 716 30 11
178 White flour (South Africa) 717 30 9
179 White flour (Italy) 72 30 11
180 White flour (Hovis, UK) 7312 30 11
181 White flour (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan) 75 30 10
182 White flour (Vodova veka Penam, Olomouc, 7510 30 13
Czech Republic)
183 White flour (Hovis, UK) 7512 30 11
184 White flour (Hovis Classic, British Bakeries Ltd, UK)9 87 30 11
185 White flour (China) 883 30 12
186 White flour (Italy) 8912 30 18
187 White flour, homemade (UK)9 89 30 12
mean of sixteen studies 752 30 11
White wheat flour bread, toasted
188 White bread, toasted (Hovis, UK) 507 30 7
189 White bread, fresh, toasted (British Bakeries Ltd, UK)9 63 30 8
190 White bread, homemade, fresh, toasted (UK)9 66 30 9
mean of three studies 60 30 8
White wheat flour bread, frozen and defrosted9

191 White bread, frozen and defrosted 75 30 9

(British Bakeries Ltd, UK)9
192 White bread, homemade, frozen and defrosted (UK) 62 30 8
White wheat flour bread, frozen and defrosted,
toasted
193 White wheat bread, frozen, defrosted and toasted9 64 30 8
(British Bakeries Ltd, UK)
194 White bread, homemade, frozen, defrosted9 54 30 7
and toasted (UK)
WonderTM, enriched white bread (Interstate
Brands Companies, Kansas City, USA)
195 WonderTM, enriched white bread 719 30 10
196 WonderTM, enriched white bread 724 30 10
197 WonderTM, enriched white bread 773 30 11
mean of three studies 73 30 10
White bread with enzyme inhibitors
198 White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico) 50 30 8
White bread with insoluble fiber
199 White bread, enriched with 9 g lupin kernel fiber 74 30 7
(viscous insoluble fiber) (Australasian Natural
Ingredients Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia)
200 White bread with added wheatgerm and fiber (UK) 5911 30 6
White bread with soluble fiber
201 White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) 65 30 11
(Mexico)
202 White bread, enriched with 12 g Arabinoxylan fiber14 41 30 4
(soluble fiber) (Australia)
203 White bread, enriched with 6 g Arabinoxylan fiber14 56 30 7
(soluble fiber) (Australia)
White bread enriched with Sunfibre (Cyamoposis
tetragonolobus) (Indian cluster guar beans)
204 White bread with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 634 30 10
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
205 White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 645 30 10
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
206 White bread with 10 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 685 30 11
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
207 White bread with 15 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 561 30 10
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
208 White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 2 552 30 9
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
White bread consumed with fiber drink
209 White bread consumed with 5 g Sunfibre (Taiyo 494 - Kagaku Co, Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250mL water
210 White bread consumed with 10 g Sunfibre (Taiyo 575 - Kagaku Co, Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250mL water
211 White bread consumed with 10 g insoluble dextrin 666 - (Matsutani Chemical Industry Co Ltd, Japan)
in 250 mL water
212 White bread consumed with 10 g inulin (Orafti, 676 - Tienen, Belgium) in 250 mL water
White bread with added ingredients
213 White bread (100% wheat flour) + 2% pectin 85 30 11
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
214 White bread (100% wheat flour) + 5% fruit fiber 76 30 9
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
215 White bread (80% wheat flour + 20% chickpea flour) 79 30 9
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
216 White bread (90% wheat flour + 10% modified corn 78 30 10
starch) (George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)

217 White bread (90% wheat flour + 10% tapicoa starch) 77 30 10

(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
218 White bread (95% wheat flour + 5% oat bran) 74 30 10
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
219 White bread, containing 2% guar gum 66 30 8
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
220 White bread, containing 2% vinegar and 2.5% 79 30 9
sourdough (Noble Rise Crunchy Toast, Australia)
221 White bread containing Eurylon high-amylose 42 30 8
maize starch (France)15
222 White bread eaten with powdered dried 48 30 7
seaweed (Nori alga) (Spain)
223 White bread eaten with vinegar as vinaigrette 45 30 7
(Sweden)
224 White bread eaten with 18 g white vinegar 63 30 9
(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
225 White bread eaten with 23 g white vinegar 73 30 11
(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
226 White bread eaten with 28 g white vinegar 54 30 8
(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
227 White and wholemeal bread (ratio 1:1), fermented by 54 30 6
sourdough lactobacilli (pH 1.5) and fiber-enriched
with oat fiber (Italy)
White bread, with different proving times
and bread volumes
228 White bread, prepared with a 10 min prove and a 384 30 5
second 2 min proving (low loaf volume) (UK)
229 White bread, prepared with a 30 min prove and a 727 30 9
second 12 min proving (moderate loaf volume) (UK)
230 White bread, prepared with a 60 min prove and a 869 30 11
second 30 min proving (moderate loaf volume) (UK)
231 White bread, prepared with a 40 min prove, a second 1007 30 13
25 min proving and a third 50 min proving
(large loaf volume) (UK)
White resistant starch-enriched bread
232 Fiber WhiteTM (Nature's Fresh, 7710 30 11
Auckland, New Zealand)
233 WonderwhiteTM (Buttercup Bakeries, Australia) 808 30 11
Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
234 Wholemeal flour (Hovis, UK) 689 30 7
235 Wholemeal flour (China) 693 30 9
236 Wholemeal flour (Sainsbury's, UK) 7112 30 8
237 Wholemeal flour (Canada) 726 30 8
238 Wholemeal flour (Australia) 74 30 10
239 Wholemeal flour (Hovis, UK) 748 30 8
240 Wholemeal flour (South Africa) 759 30 9
241 Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 779 30 9
242 Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 7816 30 9
243 Wholemeal flour (France) 8527 30 13
mean of ten studies 74 2 30 9
Wholemeal stoneground (whole wheat)
wheat flour bread
244 Wholemeal bread, stoneground flour (Bill's Organic 598 30 7
Bread, Cardiff, Australia)
245 Wholemeal flour, stoneground (Waitrose, UK) 6613 30 8
Specialty wheat breads
246 Bakers DelightTM Hi Fibre Lo GI white bread 527 30 8
(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)
247 Bakers DelightTM Wholemeal Country Grain bread 539 30 6
(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)

BrgenTM Mixed Grain bread (Tip Top Bakeries,

Chatswood, Australia)
248 BrgenTM Mixed Grain 344 30 4
249 BrgenTM Mixed Grain 4512 30 5
250 BrgenTM Mixed Grain 524 30 5
mean of three studies 44 30 5
251 BrgenTM Oat Bran & Honey Loaf with Barley 313 30 3
(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) (1995)
252 BrgenTM Oatbran & Honey bread 494 30 5
(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) (2002)
253 BrgenTM Pumpkin Seed bread, containing 6% 494 30 4
pumpkin seeds (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
254 Brgen Soy-Lin, kibbled soy (8%) and linseed (8%) 364 30 3
loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
255 Brgen Wholmeal & Seeds 398 30 2
(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
256 Crusty malted wheat bread (Finest, UK) 528 30 7
257 English MuffinTM bread (Natural Ovens, USA) 777 30 11
258 English Muffin, Whole Grain Multigrain, 453 30 5
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
259 Golden HearthTM Organic Heavy Wholegrain bread 537 30 7
(Gold Coast Bakeries, QLD, Australia)
260 Healthy ChoiceTM Hearty 7 Grain 556 30 8
(Con Agra Inc., USA)
261 Healthy ChoiceTM Hearty 100% Whole Grain 626 30 9
(Con Agra Inc., USA)
262 Helga'sTM Classic Seed Loaf (Quality Bakers, 689 30 9
Sydney, Australia)
263 Helga'sTM Traditional Wholemeal bread 7014 30 9
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
264 Hunger FillerTM, whole grain bread 598 30 7
(Natural Ovens, USA)
265 Malt loaf, organic (UK) 599 30 12
266 MolenbergTM (Goodman Fielder, Auckland, 7510 30 11
New Zealand)
267 Multigrain bread (Sainsbury's, UK) 8010 30 8
268 Multigrain batch bread (UK) 628 30 9
269 9-Grain Multi-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 435 30 6
270 Multigrain Loaf, spelt wheat flour (Australia) 5410 30 8
271 Multigrain (50% kibbled wheat grain) (Australia) 43 30 6
272 Multigrain loaf, containing coconut flour (Philippines) 60 30 7
273 Multiseed bread (UK) 544 30 7
274 Nutty NaturalTM, whole grain bread 597 30 7
(Natural Ovens, USA)
275 PerformaxTM (Country Life Bakery, Australia) 383 30 5
276 Ploughman'sTM Wholegrain, original recipe 47 30 7
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
277 Ploughman'sTM Wholemeal, smooth milled 6410 30 9
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
278 Seeded bread (UK) 497 30 6
279 Sourdough wheat bread (Australia) 54 30 8
280 Sourdough Vienna bread, Bakers DelightTM 666 30 10
(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)
281 Soy & Linseed bread (made from packet mix cooked 506 30 5
in bread maker) (Con Agra Inc., USA)
282 Stay TrimTM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA) 7010 30 10
283 Tip TopTM EnerGI white bread 54 30 7
(Tip Top Bakeries, George Weston Ltd, Australia)
284 Tip TopTM EnerGI white bread 58 30 7

(Tip Top Bakeries, George Weston Ltd, Australia)

285 3 Grain Bread, sprouted grains (Stonemill Bread, 556 30 5
Toronto, Canada)
286 Vogel's Honey & Oats (Stevns & Co, Sydney, Australia) 555 30 8
287 Vogel's Wonder White 'Low GI' white bread 543 30 6
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
288 Vogel's Wonder White 'Low GI' white bread 59 30 7
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
289 100% Whole GrainTM bread (Natural Ovens, USA) 5111 30 7
290 White wheat flour flatbread (Sweden) 79 30 13
291 Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat, 71 30 8
leavened with crushed whole grains (Denmark)
292 Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat, 65 30 8
leavened with honey and salt (Denmark)
293 Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat, 67 30 8
leavened with yeast (Denmark)
Unleavened Breads
294 Lebanese bread, white (Seda Bakery, Sydney, Australia) 759 30 12
295 Pita bread, white, mini (UK) 685 30 10
296 Pita bread, wholemeal (UK) 5613 30 8
BREAKFAST CEREALS
All-BranTM (high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal)
297 All-BranTM (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia)17 30 30 4
298 All-BranTM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA)11,14 38 30 8
299 All-BranTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 515 30 12
300 All-BranTM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA) 557 30 12
mean of four studies 446 30 9
301 All-Bran Fruit 'n OatsTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 419 30 7
302 All-Bran Soy 'n fiberTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 333 30 4
303 All-Bran Wheat FlakesTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 608 30 12
304 BalanceTM (Sainsbury's, UK) 745 30 17
305 Barley flakes (China) 693 30 14
Barley porridge
306 Barley flour porridge, made from milled dehulled barley 46 50 (dry) 15
kernels (flour:water = 1:3) boiled for 2.5 min (Sweden)
307 Barley flour porridge, made from milled high-amylose 39 50 (dry) 11
(covered) barley kernels (flour:water = 1:3),
boiled for 2.5 min (Sweden)
308 Barley porridge made from steamed thin (0.5 mm) 62 50 (dry) 17
dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)
309 Barley porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) 65 50 (dry) 18
dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)
310 Wholemeal barley flour porridge (100% regular barley) 68 50 (dry) 23
(flour:water = 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)
311 Wholemeal high-fiber barley flour porridge (50% 55 50 (dry) 8
barley flour: 50% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
312 Bran cereal, high fiber (UK) 4310 30 5
Bran Flakes
313 Branflakes (Healthy Living, UK) 507 30 10
314 Bran Flakes, President's Choice Blue MenuTM 658 30 12
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
315 Bran FlakesTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 74 30 13
mean of three studies 63 30 12
ChocapicTM (Nestl, France)
316 ChocapicTM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003) 7010 30 17
317 ChocapicTM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003) 749 30 19
318 ChocapicTM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003) 849 30 22
mean of three studies 76 30 20
Coco PopsTM (cocoa flavored puffed rice)

319 Coco PopsTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 778 30 20

320 Coco PopsTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 773 30 20
CornflakesTM
321 Cornflakes (China) 743 30 19
322 CornflakesTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 77 30 19
323 Cornflakes (China) 794 30 20
324 CornflakesTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 806 30 21
325 Cornflakes (Kellogg's, UK) 9314 30 23
mean of five studies 813 30 20
326 Cornflakes, Crunchy NutTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 724 30 17
327 Corn PopsTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 804 30 21
328 Energy MixTM, wheat-based flaked cereal 807 30 20
(Quaker, France)
329 Fibre First Multi-Bran Cereal, President's Choice 5610 30 6
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
330 Froot LoopsTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 699 30 18
331 FrostiesTM, sugar-coated cornflakes 55 30 14
(Kellogg's, Australia)
Fruit and FibreTM
332 Fruit and FibreTM (Sainsbury's, UK) 614 30 13
333 Fruit and Fibre (UK) 677 30 14
334 Fruit and Fibre (Value, UK) 687 30 13
mean of three studies 65 30 13
335 Fruity-BixTM, berry (Sanitarium, New Zealand) 11310 30 25
336 Golden WheatsTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 718 30 16
337 Granola Clusters, Original, low fat, 634 30 14
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
338 Granola Clusters, Raisin & Almond, low fat, 707 30 15
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
339 GrapenutsTM (Kraft Foods Inc, Port Chester, USA) 756 30 16
340 GuardianTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 379 30 5
341 HealthwiseTM for bowel health (Uncle Toby's, 669 30 12
Wahgunyah, Australia)
342 High-fiber cereal (UK) 526 30 9
343 Hi-LiteTM, containing 55% rolled barley grains 545 30 10
(Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Australia)
344 Honey Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 774 30 20
345 Honey SmacksTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 7110 30 16
346 Hot cereal, apple & cinnamon (Con Agra Inc, USA) 376 30 8
347 Hot cereal, unflavored (Con Agra Inc., USA) 255 30 5
348 Just RightTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 6015 30 13
349 Just Right Just GrainsTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 6211 30 14
350 Kashi Seven Whole Grain Puffs 6510 30 16
(Kashi Company, USA)
351 KompleteTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 485 30 10
Mini Wheats, whole wheat
352 Mini WheatsTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 588 30 12
353 Mini Wheats (Sainsbury's, UK) 597 30 12
354 Mini WheatsTM, blackcurrant (Kellogg's, Australia) 7210 30 15
Muesli
355 Alpen original muesli, made from steamed rolled oats 5510 30 11
with dried fruit and nuts (Weetabix, UK)
356 Brgen Fruit & Muesli 51 30 10
(George Weston Foods, Australia)
357 Brgen Soy-LinTM Muesli 513 30 9
(George Weston Foods, Australia)

358 Brgen Rye Muesli 41 30 7

(George Weston Foods, Australia)
359 Muesli (Value, UK) 649 30 12
360 Muesli (Canada) 669 30 16
361 Muesli (Healthy Eating, UK) 8610 30 18
362 Muesli, fruit (UK) 677 30 14
363 Muesli, fruit and nut (UK) 5911 30 11
364 Muesli, gluten-free with Psyllium 507 30 5
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
365 Muesli, Light, mixed berry & apple flavor, 647 30 13
Special K brand (Kellogg's, Australia)
366 Muesli, Lite (Sanitarium, New Zealand) 5412 30 10
367 Muesli, Morning Sun Natural Apricot & Almond 495 30 6
(Australia)
368 Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, Australia) 406 30 8
369 Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, New Zealand) 579 30 11
370 Muesli, Natural Style Original Swiss Formula 626 30 11
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
371 Muesli, Naytura Fruit and Nut 486 30 7
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
372 Muesli, Swiss Bircher (Woolworths Limited, Australia) 525 30 9
373 Muesli, Swiss Formula (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 568 30 9
374 Muesli, toasted (Purina, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 43:4 30 7
375 Muesli, toasted, with nuts (Australia) 655 30 11
376 Muesli, wholewheat (UK) 566 30 10
377 Muesli, yeast & wheat free (Freedom Foods, Australia) 455 30 4
378 Vogel's Caf Style Fibre-Rich Muesli 486 30 9
(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
379 NutrigrainTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 6612 30 10
Oat bran, consumed as a drink mixed
with 41g glucose and water
380 15 g Oat bran (containing 2 g -glucan), consumed 846 10 2
as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
381 30 g Oat bran (containing 4 g -glucan), consumed 586 10 2
as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
382 30 g Oat bran (containing 4 g -glucan), consumed 648 10 2
as a drink mixed with glucose and water, frozen for 13
days and then thawed before consumption (Finland)
383 45 g Oat bran (containing 6 g -glucan), consumed 649 10 2
as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
384 Oat 'n Honey BakeTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 7711 30 13
385 Oats, rolled, uncooked (Lowan's Whole Foods, 594 30 11
Box Hill, Australia)
Porridge made from rolled oats
386 Porridge (Uncle Toby's, Australia)17 42 250 9
387 Porridge, made from rolled oats cooked for 20 min 498 250 11
(Canada)
388 Porridge oats (Freedom Foods, Australia) 504 250 10
389 Traditional porridge oats 518 250 11
(Lowan Whole Foods, Australia)
390 Porridge, made from steel-cut oats, cooked in water 524 250 17
(USA)
391 Porridge (China) 552 250 13
392 Traditional Rolled Oats (Woolworths Limited, Australia) 575 250 11
393 Old-Fashioned Steel Cut Oats, President's Choice 578 250 14
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
394 Porridge (Hubbards, New Zealand) 589 250 12
395 Porridge (Australia) 584 250 12
396 Porridge (Value, UK) 6315 250 19
397 Porridge, organic (UK) 6311 250 18

398 Porridge, Scottish (UK) 637 250 20

mean of thirteen studies 552 250 13
399 Multi grain instant oatmeal, Regular and Cinnamon 557 250 14
& Spice, President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
400 Multigrain porridge, containing rolled oats, wheat, 552 250 19
triticale, rye, barley and rice, cooked with water
(The Monster Muesli Company, Beecroft, Australia)
401 Wholemeal oat flour porridge (flour:water = 1:3), 74 50 (dry) 24
boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)
402 Oat porridge made from thick (1.0 mm) 55 250 15
dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
403 Oat porridge made from 0.5-0.6 mm thick flakes, 767 250 19
cooked for 10min (Elovena; Raisio Group Ltd,
Raisio, Finland)
404 Oat porridge made from roasted thin (0.5 mm) 69 250 19
dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
405 Oat porridge made from roasted thick (1.0 mm) 50 250 14
dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
406 Oat porridge made from roasted and steamed thin 80 250 22
(0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
407 Oat porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) 53 250 14
dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
Instant Porridge
408 Instant porridge (China) 693 250 14
409 Instant oat porridge, cooked in microwave 8210 250 20
with water (Uncle Toby's, Australia)
410 Instant oatmeal porridge, made from packet (China) 837 250 18
411 Instant oat cereal porridge prepared with water (UK) 8310 250 30
mean of four studies 793 250 21
412 Pop TartsTM, Double Chocolate (Kellogg's, Australia) 702 50 25
413 Puffed Wheat (Sanitarium, Australia) 8011 30 17
414 Raisin BranTM (Kellogg's, USA) 615 30 12
415 Rice Bran, extruded (Rice Growers Co-Operative Ltd, 193 30 3
Leeton, Australia)
Rice Bubbles
416 Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)17 81 30 21
417 Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 853 30 22
418 Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 928 30 24
419 Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 95 30 25
mean of four studies 883 30 23
420 Shredded Wheat (Canada) 6710 30 13
421 Soy Crunch Multi-Grain Cereal, President's Choice 474 30 9
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Special KTM - formulation of this cereal
varies in different countries
422 Special KTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 544 30 11
423 Special KTM (Kellogg's, USA) 695 30 14
424 Special KTM, made from rice (Kellogg's, France) 8412 30 20
425 Soy TastyTM (flaked grains, soy nuts, dried fruit) 605 30 12
(Sanitarium, Australia)
426 SoytanaTM, Vogel's, soy and linseed bran crunch 493 45 12
with sultanas (20.1 g fiber per 100 g),
(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
427 Sultana BranTM (Kellogg's, Australia) (2007) 643 30 12
428 Sultana BranTM (Kellogg's, Australia) (1997) 7313 30 14
429 SustainTM, Original (Kellogg's, Australia) (2007) 555 30 12
430 Ultra-branTM, Vogel's, soy and linseed extruded 414 30 5
wheat bran cereal (30.2 g fiber per 100 g)
(Specialty Cereals, Australia)

431 Vogel's Cluster Crunch Classic (Specialty Cereals, 506 30 10

Australia)
432 Vogel's Cluster Crunch, Honey Hazelnut 433 30 8
(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
433 Wild Oats Cluster Crunch Hazelnut Chocolate 436 30 8
(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
434 Wheat-bitesTM (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 7211 30 18
Wheat biscuits (plain flaked wheat)
435 Vita-BritsTM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)17 61 30 12
436 Vita-BritsTM (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 686 30 13
437 Weet-BixTM (Sanitarium, Australia) 69 30 12
438 Weet-BixTM (Sanitarium, Australia) 694 30 12
439 WeetabixTM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd.) 7510 30 16
440 Whole wheat GoldiesTM (Kellogg's, Australia) 704 30 14
441 Wheat based cereal biscuit (UK) 7210 30 14
mean of seven studies 692 30 13
Wheat biscuits (flaked wheat) with
additional ingredients
442 Good StartTM, muesli wheat biscuits 684 30 14
(Sanitarium, Australia)
443 Hi-Bran Weet-BixTM, wheat biscuits with extra 614 30 10
wheat bran (Sanitarium, Australia)
444 Hi-Bran Weet-BixTM with soy and linseed 573 30 9
(Sanitarium, Australia)
445 Honey GoldiesTM (Kellogg's Australia) 723 30 15
446 Lite-BixTM, plain, no added sugar 703 30 14
(Sanitarium, Australia)
447 Oat bran Weet-BixTM (Sanitarium, Australia) 574 30 11
448 Sultana GoldiesTM (Kellogg's Australia) 656 30 13
BREAKFAST CEREALS WITH MILK
449 Branflakes (Sainsbury's, UK), with semi-skimmed milk 765 30 15
450 Cereal flakes with fruit (30 g), consumed with 125 mL 578 155 16
skim milk (UK)
451 Cocoa Crunch cereal (30 g) with 125 mL skim milk (UK) 5811 155 16
452 Cornflakes (Sainsbury's, UK) (30 g), consumed with 655 30 16
125 mL skim milk
453 Honey Crunch cereal (30 g), consumed with 546 155 16
125 mL skim milk (UK)
Hot oat cereal, prepared with 125 mL skim milk
454 Hot oat cereal (30 g), berry flavor (UK) 436 155 11
455 Hot oat cereal (30 g), cocoa flavor (UK) 405 155 9
456 Hot oat cereal (30 g), fruit flavor (UK) 478 155 12
457 Hot oat cereal (30 g), honey flavor (UK) 476 155 12
458 Hot oat cereal (30 g), orchard fruit flavor (UK) 507 155 12
459 Hot oat cereal (30 g) (UK) 476 155 11
460 Hot oat cereal (30 g) (UK) 409 155 9
mean of seven foods 451 155 11
461 Muesli, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia) 396 30 7
with 1.5% fat milk
462 Muesli, Original (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed 606 30 11
with semi-skimmed milk
463 Muesli, Swiss (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed with 606 30 12
semi-skimmed milk
464 Muesli, Wheat free (Pertwee Farm's, UK), consumed 497 30 9
with semi-skimmed milk
465 Porridge, jumbo oats (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed 406 250 9
with semi-skimmed milk
466 Porridge, small oats (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed 616 250 14
with semi-skimmed milk

467 PreciseTM (Sainsbury's, UK), with semi-skimmed milk 594 30 14

468 Rice PopsTM (Sainsbury's, UK), 806 30 20
with semi-skimmed milk
Wheat biscuits consumed with 125 mL skim milk
469 Cereal biscuit (30 g), cocoa flavor (UK) 467 155 12
470 Cereal biscuit (30 g), fruit flavor (UK) 567 155 15
471 Cereal biscuit (30 g), honey flavor (UK) 527 155 14
472 Cereal biscuit (30 g), wheat based (UK) 478 155 12
mean of four foods 502 155 13
BREAKFAST CEREAL BARS
473 Cereal bar, cranberry flavor (UK) 425 30 6
474 Cereal bar, hazelnut flavor (UK) 336 30 4
475 Cereal bar, orange flavor (UK) 333 30 5
476 Crunchy Nut CornflakesTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 726 30 19
477 Fiber PlusTM bar (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 789 30 18
478 Fruity-BixTM bar, wheat biscuit cereal with dried fruit 564 30 11
and nuts with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
479 Fruity-BixTM bar, wild berry, wheat biscuit cereal and 514 30 9
covered with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
480 Hi-LiteTM breakfast bar (Freedom Foods, Australia) 533 30 11
481 K-Time Just RightTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 724 30 17
482 K-Time Strawberry CrunchTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 775 30 19
483 Muesli breakfast bar, gluten-free 506 30 9
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
484 Omega bar, containing linseeds, sunflower kernels 212 30 3
and nuts, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia)
485 Rice Bubble TreatTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 6311 30 15
486 SustainTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 5710 30 14
CEREAL GRAINS
Barley
487 Barley kernels, high-amylose (hull-less) boiled in 20 150 8
water for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2.5) (Sweden)
488 Barley kernels, waxy (hull-less), boiled in water 22 150 9
for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2.5) (Sweden)
489 Barley kernels, boiled in water for 25 min 25 150 10
(kernel:water = 1:2) (Sweden)
490 Barley kernels, high-amylose (covered), boiled in 26 150 11
water for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2) (Sweden)
491 Barley, pot, boiled in salted water 20 min 252 150 11
(Goudas Food Products, Concord, Canada)
492 Barley, pearled, boiled 60 min (UK) 354 150 15
493 Barley, pot, boiled (Goudas Food Products, Canada) 354 150 15
494 Barley, pot, boiled 20 min (Goudas Food 37 150 16
Products, Canada)
mean of eight studies 282 150 12
495 Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India) 48 150 20
496 Barley, rolled (Australia) 665 50 (dry) 25
497 Buckwheat groats, hydrothermally treated, 45 150 13
dehusked, boiled 12 min (Sweden)
Corn/Maize
498 Corn granules (China) 523 150 15
499 Maize (Zea Mays), flour made into chapatti (India) 59 30 8
500 Cornmeal porridge (China) 683 150 9
Sweet corn
501 Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand) 3712 150 11
502 Sweet corn, on the cob, boiled 20 min (Australia) 48 150 14
503 Sweet corn (China) 552 150 18
504 Sweet corn (USA)11 60 150 20
505 Sweet corn (South Africa) 625 150 20

mean of five studies 525 150 17

Couscous
506 Couscous, rehydrated with hot water 657 150 9
(San Remo, Australia)
Millet
507 Millet porridge (China) 623 150 22
508 Quinoa, cooked, refridgerated, reheated in microwave 535 150 13
for 1.5 min (Nature First Organic, Australia)
Rice, white
509 Arborio, risotto rice, boiled (SunRice brand, 697 150 36
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
Rice, boiled white, type NS
510 Type NS (India)9 43 150 16
511 Type NS (Canada) 729 150 30
512 Type NS, boiled in salted water (India) 72 150 27
513 Type NS (China) 831 150 30
514 Type NS, boiled 13 min (Italy)9,18 89 150 43
mean of five studies 728 150 29
515 Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated 16-20 h, 53 150 20
reheated (India)
516 Type NS, boiled 13 min, then baked 10 min (Italy)9,18 94 150 45
Long grain, boiled
517 Long grain, white, unconverted, boiled 15 min 50 150 21
(Mahatma brand, Riviana Foods,
Wetherill Park, Australia )
518 Long grain, white (Uncle Bens, Auckland, 567 150 24
New Zealand)
519 Premium long grain, white (SunRice brand, 597 150 24
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
520 Long grain, white, boiled 7 min (Star brand, 643 150 26
Gouda Food Products, Canada)
521 Long grain, boiled (Star Brand, Goudas Food 693 150 28
Products, Canada)
mean of five studies 603 150 25
Rice, long grain, quick-cooking varieties
522 Long grain, parboiled 10 min cooking time 686 150 25
(Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)
523 Long grain, parboiled, 20 min cooking time 757 150 28
(Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)
524 Long grain, white, pre-cooked, microwaved 2 min 525 150 19
(Express Rice, plain, Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, UK)
525 Long Grain White Rice in 90 Seconds, microwaved 767 150 44
(SunRice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
526 Medium grain white rice, boiled 12 mins 758 150 29
Sun Rice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
Rice porridge/Congee
527 Rice porridge (China) 696 150 23
528 Rice porridge (Australia) 885 150 13
529 Rice porridge, made from rice bran (China) 191 150 3
530 Rice porridge, made from black rice (China) 423 150 14
531 Rice porridge, made from Sticky rice (China) 657 150 21
Rice, specialty rices
532 American, easy-cook rice (Sainsbury's, UK) 4912 150 22
533 Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker 8610 150 37
(Lion Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
534 Brown Rice, Uncle Ben's Ready Whole Grain 485 150 20
(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
535 Brown & Wild, Uncle Ben's Ready Whole Grain 455 150 18
MedleyTM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
536 Chicken Flavored Brown Rice, Uncle Ben's Ready 464 150 18

Whole Grain (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)

537 Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker 987 150 31
(Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Mill, Bangkok, Thailand)
Jasmine rice, white
538 Jasmine Fragrant rice, white (SunRice brand, 894 150 37
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
539 Jasmine rice, white long grain, cooked in rice cooker 10910 150 46
(Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
540 Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's Ready Rice 493 150 21
(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
541 Moolgiri white rice (Tajmahal Agro Industries, India) 54 150 17
542 Original Long Grain, Uncle Ben's Ready Rice 485 150 22
(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
543 Red Raw rice, Sri Lankan, cooked in rice cooker 594 100 (dry) 46
(Australia)
544 Roasted Chicken Flavored, Uncle Ben's Ready 514 150 21
Rice (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
545 Santa Fe, Uncle Ben's Ready Whole Grain 486 150 18
MedleyTM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
546 Spanish Style, Uncle Ben's Ready Rice (pouch) 514 150 22
(Effem Foods, USA)
547 Vegetable Harvest, Uncle Ben's Ready Whole 485 150 17
Grain MedleyTM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
Rice, white low-amylose
548 Calrose, white, medium grain, boiled (Rice Growers 8313 150 36
Co-op., Australia)
549 Sungold, Pelde, parboiled (Rice Growers Co-op., 877 150 37
Australia)
550 Waxy (0-2% amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 8811 150 38
551 Pelde, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 9311 150 40
Rice, white high-amylose
Doongara, white (SunRice CleverRiceTM brand,
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
552 Doongara, white, cooked in rice cooker (2007) 484 150 19
553 Doongara, white (1995) 506 150 20
554 Doongara, white (2005) 546 150 21
555 Doongara, white (1995) 547 150 21
556 Doongara, white (1992) 649 150 25
mean of five studies 543 150 21
Basmati, white, boiled
557 Basmati, white, boiled (Sainsbury's, UK) 438 150 18
558 Basmati, white, boiled 12 min (Value, UK) 5211 150 15
559 Basmati, white, organic, boiled 10 min (UK) 5710 150 23
560 Basmati, white, boiled (Mahatma brand, Australia) 588 150 22
561 Basmati, white, boiled (SunRice brand, 657 150 25
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
562 Basmati, white, boiled 8 min (UK) 696 150 28
mean of six studies 574 150 22
Basmati, white, quick cooking
563 Basmati, easy cook, boiled 9 min (UK) 6711 150 28
564 Basmati, easy-cook rice (Sainsbury's, UK) 688 150 28
565 Precooked basmati rice in pouch, white, reheated in 574 150 24
microwave, Uncle Ben's Express (Masterfoods, UK)
566 Quick cooking white basmati, cooked 10 min, 605 150 23
Uncle Ben's Superior (Masterfoods, Belgium)
567 Japanese Style Sushi rice, white (SunRice brand, 8510 150 33
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
Japonica/Koshihikari rice
568 Japonica, short-grain brown rice (Japan) 625 150 26

569 Japonica short-grain brown rice, 545 150 22

pre-germinated (Japan)
570 Japonica short-grain brown rice, 573 150 23
pre-germinated (Japan)
571 Koshikari (Japonica), white, short-grain, 488 150 18
boiled 15 min, then steamed 10 min (Japan)
572 Japonica, short-grain white rice (Japan) 767 150 35
573 Japonica, short-grain white rice (Japan) 756 150 34
574 Japonica white rice and pre-germinated Japonica 645 150 27
brown rice (ratio 1:2)
575 Japonica white rice and pre-germinated Japonica 673 150 30
brown rice (ratio 2:1)
576 Koshihikari rice, white (SunRice brand, 737 150 28
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
Japonica rice enriched with Sunfibre
(Cyamoposis tetragonolobus) (soluble fiber)
577 Japonica rice with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 686 150 27
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
578 Japonica rice with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 666 150 26
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
Milled, white, high amylose rice
579 Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice, 66 150 28
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
580 Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice, 64 150 28
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
581 Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice, 64 150 28
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
582 Milled (white), high amylose (IR62) rice, 43 150 18
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
583 Milled (white), high amylose (IR36) rice, 50 150 22
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
584 Milled (white), high amylose (IR62) rice, 53 150 23
cooked in rice cooker 20 min (Philippines)
585 Milled (white), high amylose (IR36) rice, 55 150 24
cooked in rice cooker 19 min (Philippines)
586 Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice, 58 150 25
cooked in rice cooker 14 min (Philippines)
Rice, brown
587 Brown (Canada) 665 150 21
588 Brown, steamed (USA)11,14 50 150 16
589 Brown rice, boiled in excess water for 25 mins 726 150 29
(SunRice brand, Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
590 Brown rice (China) 872 150 29
591 Calrose brown (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) 878 150 33
592 Doongara brown, high amylose 667 150 24
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
593 Medium Grain Brown Rice in 90 seconds, 598 150 30
microwaved on high (SunRice brand,
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
594 Pelde brown (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) 766 150 29
595 Parboiled, cooked 20 min, Uncle Ben's Natur-reis 647 150 23
(Masterfoods, Belgium)
596 Sunbrown QuickTM (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) 807 150 31
Rice, brown, high-amlyose
597 Brown, high amylose (IR42) rice, boiled 30 min 58 150 24
(Philippines)
Instant/puffed rice
598 Instant rice, white, cooked 3 min (China) 463 150 19
599 Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min 877 150 36
(Trice brand, Australia)

600 Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min (China) 872 150 37

601 Puffed, white, cooked 5 min, Uncle Ben's Snabbris 745 150 31
(Masterfoods, Belgium)
mean of four studies 7410 150 31
602 Instant Doongara, white, cooked 5 min 947 150 39
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
Parboiled rice
603 Converted, white, boiled 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's 38 150 14
(Masterfoods, USA)
604 Parboiled, low-amylose, Pelde, Sungold 877 150 34
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
605 Parboiled, high-amylose (28%), Doongara 506 150 19
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
Sticky rice
606 Rice, Sticky (China) 872 150 24
607 Rice, Sticky (China) 882 150 25
608 Rice, Sticky, high-amylose (China) 502 150 14
Wheat
Wheat, whole kernels
609 Wheat, whole kernels (Triticum aestivum)(India)14 309 50 (dry) 11
Wheat, precooked kernels
610 Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 20 min 524 50 (dry) 19
(Ebly, Chateaudun, France)
611 Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 10 min (Ebly, France) 505 50 (dry) 17
612 Durum wheat, precooked in pouch, 405 125 16
reheated in microwave, Ebly Express (Ebly, France)
613 Quick cooking (White Wings, Sydney, Australia) 5411 150 25
COOKIES
614 Apricot Temptation fruit cookies, 97% fat-free 474 25 8
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
615 Milk ArrowrootTM (Arnotts, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 697 25 12
616 Barquette Abricot (LU, Ris, Orangis, France) 716 40 23
Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (LU, Czech Republic)
617 Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (2002) 464 50 16
618 Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (2006) 463 50 16
619 Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate 579 50 19
(Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)
mean of three studies 50 50 17
620 Bebe Dobre Rano Coconut (LU, Czech Republic) 483 50 16
621 Bebe Dobre Rano Four Cereals (LU, Czech Republic) 514 50 17
622 Bebe Dobre Rano Honey and Hazelnuts 519 50 17
(Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)
Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts & Honey (LU, Czech Republic)
623 Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts and Honey (2002) 415 50 14
624 Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts and Honey (2006) 454 50 15
625 Bebe Dobre Rano with Milk (LU, Czech Republic) 504 50 18
626 Bebe Jemne Susenky (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic) 6711 25 14
627 Better Choice Multicereals (LU, Denmark) 514 50 17
628 Better Choice Wholegrain (LU Denmark) 463 50 16
629 Chocolate chip cookies, containing coconut flour 43 25 7
(Philippines)
Digestives
630 Digestives (UK) 395 25 6
631 Digestives (Canada) 597 25 9
632 Evergreen met Krenten (LU, Netherlands) 6612 38 14
633 Gran'Dia Banana, Oats and Honey (LU, Brazil) 285 30 6
634 Gran'Dia Chocolate with five cereals (Danone, Brazil) 398 30 8
635 Grany en-cas Abricot (LU, France) 556 30 9
636 Grany en-cas Fruits des bois (LU, France) 505 30 7

637 Grany Rush Apricot (LU, Netherlands) 623 30 12

Gyri des J reggelt! Mzlivel s gymlccsel /
Fruits and Muesli (LU, Hungary)
638 Gyri des J reggelt! Mzlivel s gymlccsel (2002) 455 50 16
639 Gyri des J reggelt! Mzlivel s gymlccsel (2003) 495 50 18
640 Gyri des J reggelt! Mzlivel s gymlccsel (2004) 476 50 17
mean of three studies 47 50 17
641 Highland OatmealTM (Westons Biscuits, Australia) 558 25 10
642 Jo Reggelt Fruits and Figs (LU, Hungary) 416 50 14
643 Jubilee Nuts and Honey (LU, Russia) (2002) 443 50 15
644 Jubilee Nuts and Honey (LU, Russia) (2003) 454 50 15
Jyvshyv Paussi Mysli and Fruits (LU Finland)
645 Jyvshyv Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2002) 455 50 16
646 Jyvshyv Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2003) 495 50 18
647 Jyvshyv Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2004) 476 50 17
mean of three studies 47 50 17
648 Jyvshyv Paussi Vanilla (LU Finland) (2004) 557 50 19
649 Jyvshyv Paussi Vanilla (LU Finland) (2006) 394 50 13
650 Jyvshyv Paussi Wholegrain (LU Finland) 463 50 16
651 Leda Luxury gluten-free chocolate coated cookies 357 25 4
(Leda Nutrition, QLD, Australia)
652 LU P'tit Djeuner Chocolat (LU, France) 425 50 14
LU P'tit Djeuner Miel et Ppites Chocolat
(LU, France)
653 LU P'tit Djeuner Miel et Ppites Chocolat 455 50 16
654 LU P'tit Djeuner Miel et Ppites Chocolat 498 50 18
655 LU P'tit Djeuner Miel et Ppites Chocolat 523 50 18
mean of three studies 49 50 17
656 LU Petit Djeuner, Chocolate, low in sugar (LU France) 517 50 18
LU Petit Djeuner Chocolate & Cereals (LU, France)
657 LU Petit Djeuner Chocolate & Cereals (2003) 466 50 16
658 LU Petit Djeuner Chocolate & Cereals (2006) 586 50 20
659 LU Petit Djeuner Cereals & Chocolate Chips, low in 375 50 13
sugar (LU France, LU Belgium, LU Czech Republic)
LU Petit Djeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate
(LU, France)
660 LU Petit Djeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate (2005) 556 50 19
661 LU Petit Djeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate (2006) 517 50 17
LU Petit Djeuner Fruits and Muesli (LU France)
662 LU Petit Djeuner Fruits and Muesli (2002) 455 50 16
663 LU Petit Djeuner Fruits and Muesli (2003) 495 50 18
664 LU Petit Djeuner Fruits and Muesli (2004) 476 50 17
mean of three studies 47 50 17
LU Petit Djeuner Honey & Chocolate chips
(LU France)
665 LU Petit Djeuner Honey & Chocolate chips (2003) 476 50 17
666 LU Petit Djeuner Honey & Chocolate chips (2006) 464 50 16
LU Petit Djeuner Milk and Cereals
(LU France and LU Belgium)
667 LU Petit Djeuner Milk and Cereals (2004) 557 50 19
668 LU Petit Djeuner Milk and Cereals (2006) 394 50 13
669 LU Petit Djeuner Multicereals (LU France, LU Belgium) 463 50 16
670 LU Petit Djeuner with Fruits and Figs 416 50 14
(LU France, LU Belgium)
671 LU Petit Djeuner with Prunes (LU, France) 516 50 17
672 Macaroons, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines) 32 30 6
673 Maltmeal wafer (Griffin's Foods Ltd., New Zealand) 5010 25 9
674 Morning CoffeeTM (Arnotts, Australia) 796 25 15
675 Nutrigrain Fruits des bois (Kellogg's, France) 574 35 13
676 Oat biscuit (UK) 457 25 7

677 Oat biscuit (China) 551 25 9

678 Oat biscuit, Nairn'sTM Stem Ginger Oat Biscuit 55 25 9
(Nairn's Oatcakes Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland)
679 Oatmeal (Canada) 544 25 9
680 Oro (Saiwa, Italy) 619 40 21
Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (LU Poland)
681 Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2002) 455 50 16
682 Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2003) 495 50 18
683 Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2004) 476 50 17
mean of three studies 47 50 17
684 Petit brun extra (LU, France) 7712 25 15
685 Petit LU Normand (LU, France) 513 25 10
686 Petit LU Roussillon (LU, France) 484 25 9
687 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Cranberry 604 25 10
Orange Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
688 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Crunchy 627 25 10
Oat Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
689 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Ginger & 645 25 11
Lemon Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
690 Prince Energie+ (LU, France) 735 25 13
691 Prince fourre chocolat (LU, France) 505 45 15
692 Prince fourre chocolat (LU, France) 535 45 16
693 Prince gout chocolat (LU, France) 535 45 17
694 Prince Meganana Chocolate (LU, Spain) 4912 50 18
695 Prince Petit Dej Cereals (LU, France) 527 50 18
696 Prince Petit Dej Cereals and Chocolate (LU, France) 515 50 18
697 Prince Petit Djeuner Vanille (LU, France and Spain) 456 50 16
698 Principe megamanana vanilla (LU, Spain) 456 50 16
699 Rich Tea (UK) 405 25 7
700 Rich Tea (Canada) 554 25 10
701 Sable des Flandres (LU, France) 5710 20 8
702 Shortbread (Arnotts, Australia) 648 25 10
703 Shredded WheatmealTM (Arnotts, Australia) 624 25 11
704 Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Apple and blackberry 433 35 11
(Arnotts, Australia)
705 Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Spicy apple and sultana 453 35 11
(Arnotts, Australia)
706 Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Wild berry (Arnott's, Australia) 523 35 13
707 Snack Right Fruit Slice, Mango and passionfruit 493 35 13
(Arnott's, Australia)
708 Snack Right Fruit Slice, Mixed berry (Arnott's, Australia) 503 35 13
709 Snack Right Fruit Slice, Original Sultana (97% fat-free) 482 35 12
(Arnott's, Australia)
710 Snack Right Fruit Slice, Sultana with chocolate 453 35 11
(Arnott's, Australia)
711 The (LU, France) 417 25 8
712 Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) 518 25 10
713 Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) (2002) 545 25 10
714 Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) (2006) 546 25 10
715 Vitasnella frollini (Saiwa, Italy) 5910 25 12
CRACKERS
716 Choice grain crackers (UK) 497 25 8
717 Corn Thins, puffed corn cakes, gluten-free 8710 25 18
(Real Foods, St Peters, Australia)
718 Cream Cracker (LU Triumfo, Brazil) 6511 25 11
719 High-calcium cracker (Danone, Malaysia) 528 25 9
720 JatzTM, plain salted craker biscuits (Arnotts, Australia) 555 25 10
721 Lees Cabin Crackers (Fiji) 605 25 11
722 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Ancient Grains 656 25 10

snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)

723 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Wheat & Onion 606 25 10
snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
724 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Wheat & Sesame 567 25 9
snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
725 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Wheat snack 657 25 11
crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
726 Puffed Crispbread (Westons, Australia) 819 25 15
Puffed rice cakes
727 Puffed rice cakes, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) 8211 25 17
728 Rice cake (China) 823 25 17
729 Rice cakes, Calrose rice (low-amylose) 917 25 19
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
730 Rice cakes, Doongara rice (high-amylose) 615 25 13
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
731 Puffed rice cakes, caramel flavored (USA) 8210 25 18
732 Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan) 91 30 23
733 Rye crackers with oats (UK) 6411 25 10
734 Rye crackers with sesame (UK) 5712 25 9
735 Ryvita (Canada) 6910 25 11
736 Ryvita Pumpkin Seeds & Oats 467 25 6
(George Weston Foods, North Ryde, Australia)
737 Ryvita Sunflower Seeds & Oats 488 25 7
(George Weston Foods, Australia)
738 KavliTM Norwegian Crispbread 717 25 12
(Players Biscuits, Sydney, Australia)
739 SaoTM, plain square crackers (Arnotts, Australia) 709 25 12
Water cracker
740 Water cracker (Canada) 639 25 11
741 Water cracker (Arnotts, Australia) 7811 25 14
742 Wholegrain crackers with sesame seeds and 538 25 8
rosemary (UK)
743 Wholewheat crackers with pumpkin and thyme (UK) 363 25 6
744 Wholewheat sticks, crunchy, yeast extract 508 25 7
flavored (UK)
DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
Custard
745 Custard, low-fat, vanilla flavored (Nestl, Australia) 294 100 3
746 No Bake Egg Custard, prepared from powder 352 100 6
with whole milk (Nestl, Australia)
747 Custard, home made from milk, wheat starch, 4310 100 7
and sugar (Australia)
748 TRIMTM, reduced-fat custard (Pauls Ltd, 374 100 6
Brisbane, Australia)
mean of four studies 363 100 5
749 Custard, low-fat, trifle flavored (Nestl, Australia) 303 100 2
Creme Fraiche
750 Creme fraiche dessert, peach (Finest, UK)8 288 150 7
751 Creme fraiche dessert, raspberry (Finest, UK)8 307 150 5
Fromage Frais
752 Fromage Frais, red fruit: blackcurrant8 225 100 2
(Healthy Living, UK)
753 Fromage Frais, red fruit: raspberry8 318 100 2
(Healthy Living, UK)
754 Fromage Frais, red fruit: red cherry8 256 100 2
(Healthy Living, UK)
755 Fromage Frais, red fruit: strawberry8 299 100 2
(Healthy Living, UK)

756 Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: mandarin and orange8 196 100 1
(Healthy Living, UK)
757 Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: mango and papaya8 257 100 2
(Healthy Living, UK)
758 Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: passionfruit and pineapple8 185 100 1
(Healthy Living, UK)
759 Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: peach and apricot8 225 100 1
(Healthy Living, UK)
760 Fruche, low-fat, apricot vanilla honey 345 150 8
(National Foods Ltd, Melbourne, Australia)
761 Fruche, low-fat, berry compote 376 150 8
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
762 Fruche, low-fat, duet peach on pineapple 345 150 8
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
763 Fruche, low-fat, lemon sorbetto 343 150 7
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
764 Fruche, low-fat, orange sorbetto 343 150 7
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
765 Fruche, low-fat, peach roulade 376 150 8
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
766 Fruche on Fruit, low-fat, toffee apple 476 150 16
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
767 Ice cream, low carbohydrate, chocolate (Australia)7 327 50 1
768 Ice fruit confection, Frosty Fruits Orange 594 50 7
Mango Splits (Nestl Peter's, Australia)
Ice cream, Regular/type NS
769 Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)24 57 50 6
Ice cream, Reduced- or Low-fat
770 ChocolloTM, low-fat chocolate flavored ice cream 246 50 3
(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
771 Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Creamy vanilla 365 50 7
(Regal Cream Products, VIC, Australia)
772 Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy chocolate 273 50 3
(Regal Cream Products, Australia)
773 Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy English 273 50 3
toffee (Regal Cream Products, Australia)
774 Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy mango 304 50 4
(Regal Cream Products, Australia)
775 Ice cream, low-fat, vanilla, 'Light' 46 50 7
(Nestl Peter's, Australia)
776 Ice cream, low-fat, Light & Creamy, Raspberry Ripple 553 50 9
(Nestl Peter's, Australia)
777 Ice-cream, low-fat (1.2 % fat), Light Prestige8 475 50 5
rich vanilla (Norco, Australia)
778 Ice-cream, low-fat (1.4% fat), Light Prestige8 374 50 5
traditional toffee (Norco, Australia)
779 Ice-cream, reduced-fat (7.1 % fat), Prestige8 373 50 4
golden macadamia (Norco, Australia)
Ice cream, Premium (high-fat)
780 Ice cream, premium, Ultra chocolate, 15% fat 373 50 4
(Sara Lee, Gosford, NSW, Australia)
781 Ice cream, premium, French vanilla, 16% fat 383 50 3
(Sara Lee, Australia)
782 Milk, condensed, sweetened (Nestl, Australia) 616 100 33
Milk, full-fat
783 Full-fat (Italy)24 11 250 mL 1
784 Full-fat (3% fat, Skanemejerier, Malmo, Sweden)8 21 250 mL 3
785 Full-fat (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Sydney, Australia)25 312 250 mL 4
786 Full-fat (Canada) 346 250 mL 4
787 Full-fat, pasteurised, fresh, organic (Arla, UK)8 346 250 mL 4

788 Full-fat (USA)8 412 250 mL 5

789 Full-fat, standardised homogenised, pasteurised, 4610 250 mL 5
British (Dairycrest, UK)8
mean of seven studies 314 250 mL 4
790 Fermented cow's milk (ropy milk, langfil, 3% fat) 11 - (Arla, Gavle, Sweden)8
791 Fermented cow's milk (filmjolk, 3% fat) 11 - (Skanemejerier, Malmo, Sweden)8
792 Full-fat milk + 20g wheat bran (Italy)24 28 250 mL 3
Milk, full-fat, flavored
793 Banana, honey and malt flavored milk (Australia) 314 250 mL 8
794 Masters mocha milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia) 324 250 mL 9
Milk, reduced-fat
795 Milk, reduced fat (1.4%) (Lite WhiteTM, 306 250 mL 4
Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25
796 Milk, semi-skimmed, British (Dairycrest, UK)8 256 250 mL 3
797 Milk, semi-skimmed, pasteurised, organic (Arla, UK)8 348 250 mL 4
mean of three studies 30 250 mL 4
798 Milk, reduced fat with added omega 3 233 250 mL 3
(Take CareTM, Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25
799 Milk, reduced fat (98% fat free) with added omega 3 276 250 mL 4
(Farmers BestTM, Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25
Milk, reduced- or low-fat, flavored
800 Big MTM flavored milk, chocolate or strawberry 374 250 mL 9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
801 Masters Light, 99% fat free chocolate or mocha milk 275 250 mL 6
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
802 Masters, reduced fat, chocolate or strawberry milk 355 250 mL 9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
803 Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with aspartame, Lite WhiteTM 246 250 mL 3
(Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
804 Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with sugar, Lite WhiteTM 344 250 mL 9
(Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
Rush flavored milk (Parmalat Australia Ltd,
South Brisbane, Australia)
805 Rush Heavenly Vanilla Malt milk 314 250 mL 7
806 Rush Intense Coffee milk 243 250 mL 5
807 Rush Ultimate Chocolate milk 265 250 mL 5
808 Rush Wicked Latte milk 263 250 mL 5
Milk, skim/low-fat
809 PuraTM HiLo milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia) 205 250 mL 3
810 PuraTM Skimmer milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia) 205 250 mL 3
811 Milk, skim, made from powder (Arla Foods, Sweden)8,9 27 250 mL 3
812 PuraTM Light Start milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia) 305 250 mL 4
813 PuraTM Tone milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia) 305 250 mL 5
814 Milk, skim (Canada) 325 250 mL 4
815 Milk, skim (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25 326 250 mL 4
816 Milk, skim (USA) 32 250 mL 4
817 Milk, skim (USA)8 373 250 mL 5
818 Milk, skimmed, pasteurised, British (Dairycrest, UK)8 4815 250 mL 6
819 ShapeTM milk, fat free (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25 343 250 mL 6
mean of eleven studies 312 250 mL 4
820 Milkshake, made from ChocolloTM, low-fat chocolate 214 250 mL 6
ice cream, skim milk and malted milk powder
(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
Mousse, prepared
821 Nestl Combo mousse (Nestl, Australia) 425 70 5
822 Nestl Milo flavored mousse (Nestl, Australia) 463 70 6
Mousse, reduced-fat, prepared from
commerical mousse mix with water

823 Butterscotch, 1.9% fat (Nestl, Australia) 364 50 4

824 Chocolate, 2% fat (Nestl, Australia) 314 50 3
825 Citrus (Nestl, Australia) 475 50 14
826 Hazelnut, 2.4% fat (Nestl, Australia) 364 50 4
827 Mango, 1.8% fat (Nestl, Australia) 335 50 4
828 Mixed berry, 2.2% fat (Nestl, Australia) 365 50 4
829 Strawberry, 2.3% fat (Nestl, Australia) 323 50 3
mean of seven foods 362 50 4
Pudding, instant (White Wings, Australia)
830 Chocolate, made from powder and whole milk 474 100 7
831 Vanilla, made from powder and whole milk 404 100 6
Pudding, made from dairy and rice, YoplaitTM
Le Rice (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
832 Le Rice, Apple & Cinnamon flavor 524 180 20
833 Le Rice, Apricot & Almond Muesli flavor 454 180 18
834 Le Rice, Caramel flavor 416 180 16
835 Le Rice, Forest Berries flavor 454 180 16
836 Le Rice, Raspberry & Apple flavor 524 180 20
837 Le Rice, Strawberry flavor 546 180 21
838 Le Rice, Tropical Mango flavor 546 180 20
839 Le Rice, Vanilla flavor 434 180 16
mean of eight foods 482 180 18
Yoghurt
840 Jalna Bush Honey Bio Dynamic yoghurt 263 200 3
(Jalna Dairy Foods, VIC, Australia)25
841 Jalna Premium Vanilla Creamy yoghurt 184 200 3
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
842 Yoghurt, black cherry (Finest, UK)8 173 200 2
843 Yoghurt, black cherry (Healthy Living Light, UK)8 6715 200 8
844 Yoghurt, bourbon vanilla (Finest, UK)8 6414 200 20
845 Yoghurt, champagne rhubarb (Finest, UK)8 4912 200 19
846 Yoghurt, Devonshire fudge (Finest, UK)8 377 200 13
847 Yoghurt, Greek style, honey topped (UK)8 367 200 12
848 Yoghurt, lemon curd (Finest, UK)8 6714 200 30
849 Yoghurt, orange blossom (Finest, UK)8 4211 200 17
850 Yoghurt, peach & apricot (Healthy Living Light, UK)8 286 200 5
851 Yoghurt, peach melba (Value, UK)8 575 200 18
852 Yoghurt, raspberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)8 438 200 7
853 Yoghurt, red fruit: Morello cherry8 356 200 4
(Healthy Living Light, UK)8
854 Yoghurt, red fruit: raspberry and black cherry 378 200 5
(Healthy Living Light, UK)8
855 Yoghurt, red fruit: raspberry and cranberry 4212 200 11
(Healthy Living Light, UK)8
856 Yoghurt, Scottish raspberry (Finest, UK)8 327 200 13
857 Yoghurt, strawberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)8 306 200 5
858 Yoghurt, strawberry and cream (Finest, UK)8 416 200 16
859 Yoghurt, summer fruit: apricot8 114 200 1
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
860 Yoghurt, summer fruit: peach and vanilla8 267 200 3
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
861 Yoghurt, summer fruit: raspberry8 285 200 3
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
862 Yoghurt, summer fruit: strawberry8 369 200 5
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
863 Yoghurt, toffee (Healthy Living Light, UK)8 4111 200 7
864 Yoghurt, tropical fruit: guava and passionfruit8 247 200 3
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
865 Yoghurt, tropical fruit: mango8 328 200 4
(Healthy Living Light, UK)

866 Yoghurt, tropical fruit: peach and apricot8 276 200 3

(Healthy Living Light, UK)
867 Yoghurt, tropical pineapple8 (Healthy Living Light, UK) 387 200 5
868 Yoghurt, Valencia orange8 (Finest, UK) 347 200 11
869 Yoghurt, vanilla8 (Healthy Living Light, UK) 4713 200 7
870 Yoghurt, white peach8 (Finest, UK) 5412 200 17
Yoghurt, frozen, President's Choice Blue MenuTM
brand (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
871 Mochaccino frozen yoghurt 515 125 11
872 Strawberry Banana frozen yoghurt 556 125 11
873 Vanilla frozen yoghurt 465 125 10
mean of three foods 51 125 11
Low-fat yoghurt
874 Low-fat, fruit, aspartame, SkiTM 144 200 2
(Dairy Farmers, Australia)
875 Low-fat, fruit, sugar, SkiTM (Dairy Farmers, Australia) 337 200 10
876 Low-fat, sugar-sweetened, strawberry classic, 335 200 10
YoplaitTM Lite (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
877 Low-fat (0.9%), fruit, wild strawberry (Ski d'liteTM, 3114 200 9
Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
878 Low-fat, Nestl Diet Blueberry (Nestl, Australia) 324 200 4
879 Low-fat, Nestl Diet Mixed Berry (Nestl, Australia) 284 200 3
880 Low-fat, Nestl Diet Peaches & Cream 283 200 3
(Nestl, Australia)
881 Low-fat, apricot (UK)8 426 200 12
882 Low-fat, black cherry (UK)8 415 200 11
883 Low-fat, hazelnut (UK)8 539 200 15
884 Low-fat, peach melba (Value, UK)8 5611 200 16
885 Low-fat, raspberry (UK)8 346 200 10
886 Low-fat, strawberry (UK)8 6111 200 18
Vaalia, low-fat, sugar sweetened yoghurt
(Pauls Ltd, Australia)
887 Heavenly Honey flavor 324 200 11
888 Lemon Creme flavor 436 200 17
889 Luscious Berries flavor 292 200 9
890 Passionfruit flavor 323 200 11
891 Strawberry flavor 283 200 8
mean of five foods 333 200 11
Natural yoghurt
892 Fat-Free Natural yoghurt 195 200 2
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)25
893 Greek Style yoghurt, Premium blend 124 200 1
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)25
894 Leben European Style yoghurt 115 200 1
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)25
895 Yoghurt, low fat, natural (UK)8 3510 200 12
mean of four foods 196 200 3
Non-fat yoghurt
896 Passionfruit yoghurt, fat-free (Jalna Dairy Foods, 274 200 5
Australia)
Diet VaaliaTM, sweetened with acesulfame K
and Splenda
897 Diet VaaliaTM, exotic fruits (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8 232 200 4
898 Diet VaaliaTM, mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8 232 200 3
899 Diet VaaliaTM, mixed berry (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8 253 200 3
900 Diet VaaliaTM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8 232 200 3
901 Diet VaaliaTM, vanilla (Pauls Ltd, Australia)8 232 200 3
mean of five foods 231 200 3
SkiTM, non-fat, sugar sweetened
902 SkiTM, Honey flavor (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia) 402 200 14

903 SkiTM, vanilla flavor (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia) 404 200 12
YoplaitTM, non-fat, artificially sweetened yoghurts
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
904 YoplaitTM No Fat berry fruit flavors8 163 200 2
905 YoplaitTM No Fat Strawberry Classic flavor8 193 200 2
906 YoplaitTM No Fat tropical fruit flavors8 204 200 3
907 YoplaitTM No Fat yoghurt, various flavors8 183 200 3
mean of four foods 181 200 2
Probiotic yoghurt
908 Yoghurt, probiotic, prune (UK)8 4410 200 13
909 Yoghurt, probiotic, raspberry (UK)8 4510 200 13
910 Yoghurt, probiotic, strawberry (UK)8 5214 200 15
mean of three foods 47 200 14
Reduced-fat yoghurt
911 Reduced-fat, VaaliaTM, apricot & mango 264 200 8
(Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
912 Reduced-fat, VaaliaTM, french vanilla 264 200 3
(Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
913 Reduced-fat, Extra-LiteTM, strawberry 284 200 9
(Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
914 Reduced-fat, strawberry (Czech Republic) 435 200 14
915 Reduced-fat, YoplaitTM Lite, berry fruit flavors 253 200 9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
916 Reduced-fat, YoplaitTM Lite, tropical fruit flavors 373 200 12
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
917 Reduced-fat, YoplaitTM Lite, various flavors 272 200 9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
918 Reduced-fat, YoplaitTM Lite, Fruit Salad flavor 325 200 9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
Yoghurt drinks
919 Probiotic drink, cranberry (UK)8 569 250 mL 17
920 Probiotic drink, orange (UK)8 308 250 mL 10
921 Probiotic drink, original (UK)8 345 250 mL 11
922 Vitalise Multivitamin Cultured Milk Fruit Drink 245 250 mL 4
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
923 Wildberry Yoghourt on the Go 194 250 mL 4
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
924 Yoghurt drink, reduced-fat, VaaliaTM, tropical 384 250 mL 14
passionfruit (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
Soy-based dairy product alternatives
Soy milks
925 Soy milk, full-fat (3%), Original, 0 mg calcium, 445 250 mL 8
with maltodextrin, (So Natural Foods, Australia)8
926 Soy milk, full-fat (3%), Calciforte, 120 mg calcium, 364 250 mL 6
with maltodextrin (So Natural Foods, Australia)8 (2000)
927 Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 120 mg calcium, Calciforte 414 250 mL 6
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8 (2006)
928 Soy milk, Vitasoy Organic (National Foods Ltd, 433 250 mL 7
Australia)8
929 Soy milk, Vitasoy So Milky Regular 215 250 mL 2
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
930 Soy milk, low-fat (0.7%), Vitasoy Light Original 455 250 mL 4
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
931 Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy So Milky Lite 173 250 mL 1
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
932 Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), 120 mg calcium, Light, 443 250 mL 8
containing maltodextrin (So Natural Foods, Australia)8
933 Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.8%), 120 mg calcium, Vitasoy 183 250 mL 2
Premium Vitality+ (National Foods Ltd, Australia)8

Soy milk drinks

934 Soy Beverage, Chocolate flavored, President's Choice 405 250 mL 11
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
935 Soy Beverage, Original flavored, President's Choice 154 250 mL 1
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
936 Soy Beverage, Vanilla flavored, President's Choice 283 250 mL 4
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
937 Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy Lush, 313 250 mL 6
Chocolate (National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
938 Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy Lush, Vanilla 313 250 mL 5
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
939 Soy smoothie drink, banana, 1% fat 303 250 mL 7
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
940 Soy smoothie drink, chocolate hazelnut, 1% fat 343 250 mL 8
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
941 Up & GoTM, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal 435 250 mL 11
liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium, Australia)8
942 Up & GoTM, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal 465 250 mL 11
liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium, Australia)8
943 XpressTM, chocolate (soy bean, cereal, legume extract 392 250 mL 13
drink with fructose)8 (So Natural Foods, Australia)
Soy yoghurt
944 Soy yoghurt, peach and mango, 2% fat, sugar 503 200 13
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
Apples, raw
945 Apple, Golden Delicious (Canada) 393 120 6
946 Apple, dried (Australia) 295 60 11
947 Sliced Apples, canned, solid packed without juice 422 120 4
(Langeberg and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
Apricots
948 Apricots, raw, NS (Australia) 343 120 3
949 Apricot Halves canned in fruit juice (Langeberg 515 120 6
and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
Apricots, dried
950 Apricots, dried (Australia) 307 60 8
951 Apricots, dried, ready to eat (UK) 316 60 7
952 Apricots, dried, ready to eat, bite size (UK) 327 60 7
mean of three studies 31 60 7
953 Apricot dried fruit snack (Australia) 423 15 5
954 Apricot & apple fruit strips, gluten-free 296 20 5
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
Apricot jam/fruit spread
955 Apricot 100% Pure Fruit spread, no added sugar 436 30 7
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
956 Apricot 100% Fruit Spread, CotteesTM brand 506 30 9
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
957 Apricot fruit spread, reduced sugar (Glen Ewin Jams, 557 30 7
Para Hills, Australia)
958 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Twice the Fruit 568 30 7
Apricot spread (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
mean of four studies 513 30 8
Banana, raw
959 Banana (Australia) 475 120 11
960 Banana (Canada) 629 120 16
961 Banana (South Africa) 705 120 16
962 Banana, processed fruit fingers, Heinz KidzTM 6111 30 12
(H J Heinz, Malvern, Australia)
963 Blackberry 100% Fruit Spread, CotteesTM brand 465 30 8

(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)

964 Blackberry Sour Buzz dried fruit leather, Sunripe 355 30 7
School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
965 Bluberries, wild (Wild Blueberries Association, Canada) 537 100 5
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
966 Breadfruit, peeled, boiled 10 min (Jamaica) 475 120 10
967 Breadfruit, peeled, boiled 26 min (Jamaica) 609 120 17
968 Breadfruit, raw (Australia)8 68 120 18
969 Breadfruit, roasted on preheated charcoal (Jamaica) 728 120 20
mean of four studies 626 120 16
970 Cherries, dark, raw, pitted (Australia)25 636 120 9
971 Cherries, sour, pitted, canned (Always Fresh brand, 415 120 9
Australia)8
972 Custard apple, raw, flesh only (Australia) 542 120 10
Dates
973 Dates, Barhi variety, dried and vacuum packed 506 60 22
(United Arab Emirates)
974 Dates, Bo ma'an variety, dried and vacuum packed 315 60 14
(United Arab Emirates)
975 Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) variety 475 60 14
(United Arab Emirates)
976 Dates, Khalas (Tamer, sun dried stored in traditional 458 60 20
Bedu manner) variety (United Arab Emirates)
977 Dates, Khalas variety, dried and vacuum packed 363 60 16
(United Arab Emirates)
mean of five studies 424 60 18
978 Divine Date spread (Buderim Ginger, Buderim, QLD, 294 25 5
Australia)
979 Figs, dried, tenderised, Dessert Maid brand 616 60 16
(Ernest Hall & Sons, Sydney, Australia)
980 Fruit Salad canned in fruit juice, containing peach, 543 120 6
pear, apricot, pineapple and cherries
(Langeberg and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
Ginger
981 Ginger, candied, sucrose-free 104 25 2
(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
982 Ginger Spread, sucrose-free 102 25 2
(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
983 Original Ginger marmalade 507 25 9
(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
984 Grapes, black, Waltham Cross (Australia) 59 120 11
985 Grape Nectar (Chateau Barrosa, Lyndoch, 525 20 8
SA, Australia)
986 Grapefruit, ruby red segments, canned in juice 475 120 10
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
987 Kiwi fruit (Australia)8 587 120 7
988 Lychee, canned in syrup and drained, 798 120 16
Narcissus brand (China)
989 Mandarin segments, canned in juice 472 120 6
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
990 Mango (Mangifera indica) (Australia)8 513 120 8
991 Mango, low-fat frozen fruit dessert, FrutiaTM 423 100 10
(Weis Frozen Foods, Toowong, Australia)
992 Mixed fruit, dried (Value, UK) 607 60 24
993 Nectarines, raw (Australia)8 436 120 4
Oranges, raw
994 Oranges, type NS (South Africa) 336 120 3
995 Oranges, type NS (Canada) 403 120 4
995 Orange & Grapefruit segments, canned in juice 534 120 10
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)

Orange Marmalade
996 Marmalade, orange 100% Pure Fruit spread, 273 30 4
no added sugar (Freedom Foods, Australia)
997 Marmalade, orange (Australia) 489 30 9
998 Breakfast Marmalade 100% Fruit Spread, 554 30 10
CotteesTM brand (Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
mean of three foods 43 30 8
Paw paw/papaya, raw
999 Paw paw (Carica papaya (Australia)8 566 120 5
Peaches
1000 Peach, canned in natural juice (Goulburn Valley 304 120 3
brand, Ardmona Foods, Mooroopna, Australia)
1001 Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd, 456 120 5
Shepparton, Australia)
1002 Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ardmona Ltd, 464 120 6
Shepparton, VIC, Australia)
mean of three studies 40 120 5
1003 Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Letona Foods, 5811 120 9
Hawthorn East, VIC, Australia)
1004 Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Homebrand, 643 120 12
Yennora, NSW, Australia)
1005 Peach, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite 629 120 11
(SPC Ltd, Australia)
1006 Peach & Grapes, canned in natural fruit juice 465 120 6
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1007 Peach & Pineapple, canned in natural fruit juice 454 120 6
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1008 Peach, dried (UK) 355 60 8
1009 Peach & pear fruit strips, gluten-free 296 20 3
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
Pears
1010 Pear halves, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite 256 120 4
(SPC Ltd, Australia)
1011 Pear halves, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd, Australia) 4315 120 5
1012 Pear, dried (UK) 4315 60 12
Pineapple
1013 Pineapple, raw (Australia)8 667 120 6
1014 Pineapple pieces, canned in fruit juice 434 120 8
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1015 Pineapple pieces, canned in natural fruit juice 555 120 10
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1016 Pineapple & Papaya pieces, canned in natural juice 537 120 9
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1017 Prunes, pitted (Sunsweet Growers Inc., Yuba City, USA) 294 60 10
Raisins
1018 Raisins (Canada) 6411 60 28
1019 Raspberry 100% Pure Fruit spread, no added sugar 264 25 3
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
1020 Raspberry 100% Fruit Spread, CotteesTM brand 465 30 8
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
Rockmelon/Cantaloupe
1021 Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia)8 659 120 4
1022 Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia)7 70 120 4
1023 Strawberries, fresh, raw (Australia)8 407 120 1
1024 Strawberry jam (Australia) 5110 30 10
1025 Strawberry100% Fruit Spread, CotteesTM brand 465 30 8
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
1025 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Twice the Fruit 6912 25 6
Spread - Strawberry & Rhubarb
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)

1026 Strawberry fruit leather (Stretch Island Fruit 294 30 7

CompanyTM, Washington, USA)
1027 Strawberry & wildberry dried fruit leather, Sunripe 40 30 8
School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
1028 Strawberry processed fruit bars, Real Fruit Bars 9012 30 23
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
Sultanas
1029 Sultanas (Australia) 5611 60 26
1030 Sultanas (Value, UK) 566 60 23
1031 Sultanas (UK) 5811 60 24
mean of three studies 57 60 25
1032 Tropical dried fruit snack (Australia) 413 15 5
1033 Vitari, wild berry, non-dairy, frozen fruit dessert 598 100 12
(Nestl, Australia)
Watermelon
1034 Watermelon, raw (Australia)8 7213 120 4
1035 Watermelon, raw (Australia)7 803 120 5
1036 Wild berry dried fruit snack (Australia) 354 15 4
FRUIT JUICES
Apple juice
1037 Apple juice, unsweetened, reconstituted 395 250 mL 10
(Berrivale Orchards Ltd, Berri, Australia)
1038 Apple juice, Granny Smith, unsweetened (Australia) 443 250 mL 13
1039 Apple juice, pure, clear, unsweetened (The Wild 442 250 mL 13
About Fruit Company, Wandin, VIC, Australia)
1040 Apple juice, pure, cloudy, unsweetened 373 250 mL 10
(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1041 Apple and blackcurrant juice, no added sugar 454 250 mL 11
(Berri Ltd, Australia)
1042 Apple and cherry juice, pure, unsweetened 433 250 mL 14
(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1043 Apple and mango juice, pure, unsweetened 475 250 mL 16
(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1044 Apple, pineapple and passionfruit juice, unsweetened 485 250 mL 16
(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1045 Carrot juice, freshly made (Sydney, Australia)8 433 250 mL 10
Cranberry juice
1046 Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray, 523 250 mL 16
Melbourne, Australia)
1047 Cranberry juice cocktail 683 250 mL 24
(Ocean Spray Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA)
1048 Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray 564 250 mL 16
(Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK)
mean of three studies 59 250 mL 19
Orange juice
1049 Orange juice (Canada) 466 250 mL 12
1050 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Oh-Mega j Orange 484 250 mL 14
juice beverage (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1051 Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate, 536 250 mL 9
Quelch brand (Berri Ltd, Australia)
1052 Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate, 545 250 mL 11
Mr Juicy brand (Berri Ltd, Australia)
mean of four studies 502 250 mL 12
1053 Prune juice (Golden Circle, Australia) 433 250 mL 15
SuperJuice (Berri Ltd, Australia)
1054 SuperJuice Greenzone, containing apple, orange and 473 250 mL 12
pineapple juice
1055 SuperJuice Immune, containing apple juice, 473 250 mL 12
pineapple juice and guava puree

1056 SuperJuice Kickstart, containing apple juice,

blueberry puree and banana puree
Tomato juice
1057 Tomato juice, low sodium, President's Choice
MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1058 Tomato juice, no added sugar (Campbell's Soup
Company, Camden, USA)
1059 Tomato juice, canned, no added sugar 384 250
(Berri Ltd, Australia)
mean of three studies 31 250 mL 2

393 250 mL 11
Blue 236 250 mL 2
333 250 mL 3
mL 4

INFANT FORMULA AND WEANING FOODS

Formula
1060 InfasoyTM, soy-based, milk-free (Wyeth Nutritionals, 556 100 mL 4
Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia)8
1061 KaricareTM gold starter formula with omega plus 355 100 mL 2
LCP oils (Nutricia, Auckland, New Zealand)8
1062 Nan-1TM infant formula with iron (Nestl, Australia)8 306 100 mL 2
1063 S-26TM infant formula (Wyeth Nutritionals, Australia)8 366 100 mL 3
Weaning Foods
1064 Apple baby food (Czech Republic) 465 120 10
1065 FarexTM baby rice, 7 g cereal with 80 g water 9513 87 6
(Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Malvern, Australia)8
Robinsons First Tastes from 4 months
(Nutricia, Wells, UK)
1066 Apple, apricot and banana cereal8 568 75 7
1067 Creamed rice porridge8 598 75 5
1068 Rice pudding8 596 75 6
Heinz for Baby from 4 months
(Heinz Wattie's Ltd, Australia)
1069 Chicken and noodles with vegetables, strained8 6711 120 5
1070 Sweetcorn and rice8 6513 120 10
Porridge/Gruel (Semper Foods AB, Sweden)
1071 Gruel (wholemeal wheat, rye, rice, wheat and oat flour), 47 250 12
made with whole milk and water24
1072 Porridge (rice & wheat flour), apple-pear flavored, 46 250 14
made with whole milk and water24
1073 Porridge (wholemeal wheat, oat, rice & wheat flour), 51 250 15
fruit flavored, made with whole milk and water24
1074 Porridge (rice and wheat flour), made with 54 250 16
whole milk and water24
1075 Rice porridge, made with whole milk and water24 51 250 15
LEGUMES AND NUTS
Baked Beans
1076 Baked Beans, canned (Canada) 403 150 6
1077 Baked Beans, Heinz Vegetarian baked haricot beans 40 150 6
(HJ Heinz Company, Dandenong, VIC, Australia)11
1078 Baked Beans in Cheesy Tomato sauce 444 150 10
(HJ Heinz, Australia)
1079 Baked Beans in Barbecue sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia) 474 150 13
1080 Baked Beans in Ham sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia) 534 150 13
1081 Baked Beans in Mild Curry sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia) 495 150 11
1082 Baked Beans in Sweet Chilli sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia) 463 150 12
1083 Baked Beans in Tomato sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia) 405 150 8
1084 Baked Beans in Tomato sauce, canned, reheated in 577 150 13
microwave for 1.5 min (HJ Heinz, Australia)
Beans, dried, boiled
1085 Beans, dried, type NS (Italy)24 37 150 11
Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), boiled

1086 Blackeyed beans (Canada) 334 150 10

1087 Blackeyed peas (Vigna unguiculata), 52 150 16
boiled (Nigeria)11,14
1088 Blackeyed peas (Vigna unguiculata), boiled, 38 150 11
consumed with 4.24 g salt (Nigeria)11,14
Butter Beans
1089 Butter beans, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand 363 150 8
(Simplot Australia, Cheltenham, Australia)8
1090 Butter beans, dried, soaked overnight, 267 150 5
boiled 50 min (UK)
1091 Butter beans, dried, soaked overnight, cooked in 287 150 6
salted water (South Africa)
1092 Butter beans (Canada) 364 150 7
mean of four studies 323 150 7
1093 Cannellini beans, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand 315 150 6
(Simplot Australia, Cheltenham, Australia)8
Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled
1094 Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum Linn), dried, soaked, 10 150 3
boiled 35 min (Philippines)
1095 Chickpeas (Canada) 365 150 11
1096 Chickpeas, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand 383 150 9
(Simplot Australia, Australia)8
1097 Chickpea Hommus dip, Chris' Traditional brand 225 30 1
(Capitol Chilled Foods Pty Ltd, ACT, Australia)8
1098 Four bean mix, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand 375 150 9
(Simplot Australia, Australia)8
Haricot/Navy beans
1099 Haricot/Navy beans, boiled (Canada) 316 150 9
1100 Haricot/Navy beans (King Grains, Canada) 39 150 12
1101 Haricot beans, home-cooked, soaked overnight, 23 150 7
boiled 1h in water, baked in tomato sauce 2 h11
(HJ Heinz, Australia)
Kidney Beans
1102 Kidney/white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), 14 150 3
soaked, boiled 17 min (Philippines)
1103 Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (India) 19 150 5
1104 Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), red, 25 150 6
soaked 20 min, boiled 70 min (Sweden)
1105 Kidney beans (Canada) 298 150 7
mean of four studies 223 150 6
1106 Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), autoclaved 34 150 8
1107 Kidney beans, dried, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, 7011 150 17
steamed 1 h (India)14
1108 Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked 20 150 5
overnight, cooked 45 min (Philippines)
1109 Dark Red Kidney beans, canned in brine, drained, 435 150 10
Edgell'sTM brand (Simplot Australia, Australia)8
1110 Red Kidney beans, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand 364 150 9
(Simplot Australia, Australia)8
1111 Red Kidney beans, dried, soaked overnight, 515 150 12
boiled 60 min (UK)
Lentils
1112 Lentils, type NS (Canada) 293 150 5
1113 Lentils, brown, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand 425 150 9
(Simplot Australia, Australia)8
1114 Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Australia) 373 150 5
1115 Lentils, red, split, dried, boiled 25 min (UK) 217 150 4
1116 Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (Canada) 473 150 9
Mung beans
1117 Mung bean (Phaseolus areus Roxb), soaked, 31 150 5

boiled 20 min (Philippines)

1118 Mung bean, fried (Australia) 538 150 9
1119 Mung bean, germinated (Australia) 254 150 4
1120 Mung bean, pressure cooked (Australia) 425 150 7
1121 Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan Linn. Huth.), soaked, 22 150 4
boiled 45 min (Philippines)
Pinto beans
1122 Pinto beans, steamed (USA)11,14 33 150 8
1123 Refried Pinto beans, Casa FiestaTM brand 383 150 10
(Capital Foods Pty Ltd, Australia)
Soya beans
1124 Soya beans, dried, boiled (Canada) 155 150 1
1125 Soya beans, dried, boiled (Australia) 203 150 1
1126 Soya beans, canned (Canada) 142 150 1
1127 Soya beans, canned in brine, drained, Edgell'sTM brand 143 150 1
(Simplot Australia, Australia)7
1128 Split peas, yellow, dried, soaked overnight, 256 150 3
boiled 55 min (UK)
MEAL REPLACEMENT & WEIGHT
MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS
1129 Chocolate, lactose-free, weight management drink (UK)24 2910 250 mL 6
1130 Chocolate weight management bar 294 31 4
(Shaklee Corporation, Pleasanton, CA, USA)
1131 Chocolate weight management drink (UK)24 235 250 mL 4
1132 Chocolate weight management drink (UK)24 398 250 mL 7
1133 Hazelnut & Apricot bar (Dietworks, 427 50 9
South Yarra, Australia)
1134 InZoneTM nutritious beverage powder, prepared 285 250 mL 2
with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
1135 Juice Plus+ Complete meal replacement powder, 355 250 mL 7
Dutch chocolate flavor (Australia)
1136 Juice Plus+ Complete meal replacement powder, 324 250 mL 6
French vanilla flavor (Australia)
Lean CuisineTM frozen convenience meals
(Nestl, Australia)
1137 French style chicken with rice, reheated8 366 280 17
1138 Honey Soy Beef with Wholemeal Noodles, reheated 534 280 19
1139 Burmese Vegetable Curry & rice, reheated 496 280 20
1140 Chicken Pomodoro, reheated 468 280 17
L.E.A.NTM products (Usana Inc.,
Salt Lake City, UT, USA)
1141 L.E.A.N FibergyTM bar, Harvest Oat 454 50 13
1142 NutrimealTM, drink powder, Dutch Chocolate 263 250 3
1143 L.E.A.N (Life long) NutribarTM, Peanut Crunch 304 40 6
1144 L.E.A.N (Life long) NutribarTM, Chocolate Crunch 324 40 6
1145 Lemon weight management bar 234 31 3
(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
1146 Lemon weight management bar (UK)24 328 50 7
1147 Malt toffee weight management bar (UK)24 437 50 10
1148 Peanut Butter weight management bar 224 31 3
(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
1149 ProvideTM nutritious beverage powder, 285 250 mL 2
prepared with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
1150 ReduceXSTM Chocolate Deluxe formulated meal 106 250 mL 1
replacement powder, prepared with water (Australia)8
1151 SICCON D2TM nutritious beverage powder, prepared 285 250 mL 2
with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
SlimFast weight management products
SlimFast bars

1152 SlimFast chocolate caramel meal replacement bar 543 50 18

(SlimFast Foods Ltd, Slough, Berks, UK)
1153 SlimFast chocolate meal replacement bar 273 50 6
(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1154 SlimFast Chocolate Muesli snack bar 496 50 16
(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
SlimFast beverages
1155 SlimFast Double Chocolate meal replacement powder, 364 50 17
prepared with skim milk (SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1156 SlimFast French Vanilla ready-to-drink shake 375 250 mL 10
(Slim Fast Foods Company, Englewood, NJ, USA)
1157 SlimFast meal replacement powder, prepared 356 250 mL 12
with skim milk (Unilever Australasia, Australia)
1158 SlimFast Strawberry Supreme ready-to-drink shake 333 250 mL 10
(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
SlimFast meals
1159 SlimFast Garden vegetable soup with 202 250 mL 5
peppers and croutons (SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1160 SlimFast Pasta Florentina meal (SlimFast Foods, UK) 535 250 12
1161 Tony Ferguson's Meal Replacement Shake, 222 250 mL 6
all flavors, prepared with water (Australia)
Worldwide Sport Nutrition reduced-carbohydrate
products (2000 formulations) (Worldwide Sport
Nutritional Supplements Inc., Largo, FL, US)
1162 Designer chocolate, sugar-free8 143 35 3
Burn-itTM bars
1163 Chocolate deluxe8 293 50 2
1164 Peanut butter8 233 50 1
Pure-proteinTM bars
1165 Chewy choc-chip8 304 80 4
1166 Chocolate deluxe8 384 80 5
1167 Peanut butter8 224 80 2
1168 Strawberry shortcake8 434 80 6
1169 White chocolate mousse8 404 80 6
Pure-proteinTM cookies
1170 Choc-chip cookie dough8 253 55 3
1171 Coconut8 425 55 4
1172 Peanut butter8 377 55 3
MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
1173 Beef and ale casserole, convenience meal (Finest, UK)8 5312 300 8
1174 Berrynice Yoghurt Crunch (low fat yoghurt, 435 216 15
honey toasted oats, strawberries and blueberries)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
Burgers
1175 Fillet-O-FishTM burger (fish patty, cheese and tartare 6610 128 20
sauce on a burger bun)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1176 Hamburger (beef patty, ketchup, pickle, onion and 668 95 17
mustard on a burger bun)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1177 Lean beef burger (lean beef patty, tomato, mixed 664 164 17
lettuce, cheese, onion and sauce on a burger bun)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1178 McChickenTM burger (chicken patty, lettuce, 663 186 26
mayonnaise on a burger bun)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1179 Vege Burger (vegetable patty, lettuce, tomato and 598 100 14
sweet chilli sauce on a burger bun) (Australia)
1180 Cannelloni, spinach and ricotta (UK) 154 300 8

1181 Chicken korma and peshwari rice, prepared meal 446 300 21
(Finest, UK)
1182 Chicken korma and rice, convenience meal 459 300 21
(Healthy Living, UK)
1183 Chicken nuggets, frozen, reheated in 464 100 7
microwave oven 5 min (Savings,
Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
1184 Chicken McNuggetsTM consumed with sweet Thai 556 100 12
chilli sauce (McDonald's, Australia)
1185 Chicken tikka masala and rice, convenience meal 347 300 21
(Healthy Living, UK)
1186 Chilli beef noodles, prepared convenience meal 424 300 19
(Finest, UK)
1187 Chilli con carne, made from haricot beans (Australia) 349 300 12
1188 Chow mein, chicken, convenience meal8 557 300 13
(Healthy Living, UK)
1189 Chow mein, chicken, convenience meal 477 300 18
(Serves One, UK)
ContinentalTM Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce
(Unilever Australiasia, Epping, NSW, Australia)
1190 Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Cheesy, prepared 375 200 8
with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1191 Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Creamy Carbonara, 394 200 9
prepared with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1192 Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Creamy Sun-dried Tomato, 436 200 10
prepared with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1193 Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Parmesan and Cracked 335 200 7
Pepper, prepared with water, reduced-fat milk
and margarine
1194 Cottage pie (UK) 658 300 22
1195 Cumberland fish pie (UK) 405 300 12
1196 Cumberland pie (UK) 296 300 11
1197 Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) (90 g), 375 215 19
eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
(United Arab Emirates)
1198 Dates, Khalas (Tamer, dark brown commercial) (60 g), 294 185 15
eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
(United Arab Emirates)
1199 Dumpling, containing meat and shallots (China) 283 100 6
1200 Fajitas, chicken (UK) 4214 300 18
1201 Greek lentil stew with a bread roll, home made 405 360 15
(Australia)
1202 Instant mashed potato (McCain, McCain Foods, USA), 66 100 22
eaten with 62 g cheese and 16 g butter (Canada)
1203 Kidney beans, (canned) with bacon and tomatoes 368 250 12
(Australia)
1204 Kidney beans, (cooked from dried beans) with bacon 219 250 7
and tomatoes (Australia)
1205 Lamb moussaka, prepared convenience meal8 358 300 10
(Finest, UK)
Lasagne
1206 Lasagne, beef (frozen) (UK) 477 300 17
1207 Lasagne, meat (Healthy Living, chilled, UK) 284 300 11
1208 Lasagne, type NS (Finest, UK) 348 300 10
1209 Lasagne, type NS (UK) 255 300 8
1210 Lasagne, vegetarian (UK) 206 300 10
1211 Lentil and cauliflower cury with rice (Australia) 6010 300 25
1212 Lentil and cheese pie (Australia) 258 300 11
1213 Lentils and vegetables, steamed for 10 min then boiled 35 200 7
for 10 min consumed with an orange (Chile)

1214 Mushroom stroganoff with rice (UK) 266 300 11

1215 Parboiled rice (Uncle Bens Converted, Mars, USA) 27 100 10
consumed with 68 g cheese and 14 g butter (Canada)
1216 Pasta bake, tomato and mozzarella (UK) 234 300 10
Pasta eaten with other foods
1217 Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled 283 - 10 min in salted water, served with canned tuna (UK)
1218 Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled 274 - 10 min in salted water, served with cheddar cheese (UK)
1219 Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled 405 - 10 min in salted water, served with chilli con carne (UK)
1220 Spaghetti, beans & vegetables steamed for 25 min, 54 200 12
consumed with an orange (Chile)
1221 Pies, beef, party size (Farmland, 456 100 12
Grocery Holdings, Australia)
Pizza
1222 Pizza, Super Supreme, pan (11.4% fat) 366 100 9
(Pizza Hut, Sydney, NSW, Australia)
1223 Pizza, Super Supreme, thin and crispy (13.2 % fat) 304 100 7
(Pizza Hut, Australia)
1224 Pizza, Vegetarian Supreme, thin and crispy (7.8 % fat) 496 100 12
(Pizza Hut, Australia)
1225 Stone Baked Whole Wheat Pizza - Vegetable, Pesto 544 100 11
and Feta Cheese, President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Potato with added ingredients
1226 Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then 626 139 23
baked 10 min, served with baked beans (89 g) (UK)
1227 Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then 767 112 20
baked 10 min, served with canned tuna (62 g) (UK)
1228 Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then baked 395 112 10
10 min, served with cheddar cheese (62 g) (UK)
1229 Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then baked 757 113 23
10 min, served with chilli con carne (63 g) (UK)
1230 Potato noodles with meat (China) 173 300 8
President's Choice Blue MenuTM convenience
meals (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1231 Barley Risotto with Herbed Chicken (entree) 384 300 15
1232 4-Bean Salad, low-fat 133 100 1
1233 Cauliflower-Topped Shepherd's Pie (entree) 214 300 4
1234 Chicken Curry with Vegetables (entree) 268 300 3
1235 Deluxe Cheddar Macaroni & Cheese Dinner 346 60 13
1236 Ginger-Glazed Salmon (entree) 413 300 18
1237 Lentil and Bean Vegetable Patties 545 113 15
1238 Linguine with Shrimp Marinara (entree) 406 300 11
1239 Penne with Roasted Vegetables (entree) 395 300 17
1240 Rotini with Chicken Pesto (entree) 574 300 25
1241 3-Rice Bayou Blend Rice & Beans Sidedish 444 50 15
1242 4-Rice Pilaf Rice & Beans Sidedish 465 50 16
1243 Rice & Lentils Espana Sidedish 495 50 17
1244 Sesame Ginger Chicken with Vegetables (entree) 448 300 8
1245 Tomato and Herb Chicken (entree) 295 300 9
1246 Vegetable Ancient Grain Vegetable Patties 543 113 14
1247 Vegetarian Chili 396 300 11
1248 Yellow Curry Chicken (entree) 255 300 4
1249 Sausages and mash potato, prepared 617 300 25
convenience meal (UK)
1250 Sirloin chop with mixed vegetables and mashed 6612 360 35
potato, homemade (Australia)
1251 Shepherds pie, prepared convenience meal (UK) 669 300 29

1252 Spaghetti bolognaise, home made (Australia) 529 360 25

1253 Steak and ale with cheddar mash potato8 4812 300 12
convenience meal (Finest, UK)
1254 Stuffed bun, with shallots and meat, steamed (China) 394 100 12
Sushi
1255 Sushi, salmon ('I Love Sushi', Sydney, Australia)8 488 100 17
1256 Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan) 55 100 20
1257 Sweet and sour chicken with noodles, prepared 417 300 21
convenience meal (Serves One, UK)
1258 Tandoori chicken masala & rice convenience meal 455 300 27
(Finest, UK)
White bread with accompaniments
1259 Chicken Tandoori Deli Choice white French roll 787 270 44
(tandoori chicken, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, mint &
yoghurt sauce on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1260 Chicken Tandoori Deli Choice Multigrain roll 676 270 32
(tandoori chicken, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, mint &
yoghurt sauce on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1261 Turkey & Cranberry Deli Choice Multigrain roll 635 200 34
(turkey, lettuce, cranberry sauce, cheese and
mayonnaise on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1262 White wheat flour bread, butter, cheese, regular milk 55 200 37
and fresh cucumber (Sweden)8
1263 White wheat flour bread, butter, yoghurt and 39 200 11
pickled cucumber (Sweden)8
1264 White bread roll with cheese (UK) 505 100 20
1265 White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy), 78 36 11
consumed with 35 g butter11,14
(Burro Galbani, Cademartori, Lodi, Italy)
1266 White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy), 20 36 3
eaten with 35 g Mazola corn oil (CDC, Milan, Italy)11,14
1267 White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy), 20 36 3
eaten with 35 g olive oil (Olio Sagra, Lucca, Italy)11,14
1268 White bread consumed with margarine, eggs and 5813 - orange juice
1269 White bread (30 g), toasted, served with 506 81 11
baked beans (51 g) (Hovis, UK)
1270 White bread (30 g), toasted, served with cheddar 352 66 5
cheese (36 g) (Hovis, UK)
1271 White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries) 74 170 37
(140 g), consumed with 30 g raw almonds (Canada)
1272 White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries) 44 200 23
(140 g), consumed with 60 g raw almonds (Canada)
1273 White bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries), 39 160 20
(100 g), consumed with 60 g raw, unblanched almonds
(California Almonds, USA)
1274 White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries) 31 230 16
(140 g), consumed with 90 g raw almonds (Canada)
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
1275 Choiced m TM, vanilla (Mead Johnson Nutritionals, 234 237 mL 6
Evansville, USA)
1276 Diasip, diabetes-specific enteral formula8 123 250 mL 3
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1277 Diason/Nutrison Diabetes, diabetes-specific enteral8 174 250 mL 5
formula (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1278 Diben, diabetes-specific enteral formula8 227 250 mL 5
(Fresenius Kabi AG, Germany)
1279 Enercal PlusTM, made from powder (Wyeth-Ayerst 6113 237 mL 24
International Inc, Madison, USA)

1280 EnsureTM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia, Kurnell, 508 237 mL 19

NSW, Australia)
1281 EnsureTM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia) 483 237 mL 16
1282 EnsureTM bar, chocolate fudge brownie 433 38 8
(Abbott Australasia)
1283 EnsureTM Hospital, nutritional supplement powder, 515 250 mL 3
prepared with water (Abbott Nutrition International)
1284 Ensure PlusTM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia) 404 237 mL 19
1285 Ensure PuddingTM, old fashioned vanilla 364 113 9
(Abbott Laboratories Inc, Ashland, USA)
1286 Fortimel enteral formula (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)8 258 250 mL 6
1287 Glucerna Chocolate Graham nutritional 202 50 5
supplement bar (Ross Nutrition, Canada)
1288 Glucerna, diabetes-specific enteral formula 153 250 mL 4
(Abbott Laboratories Inc, USA)
Glucerna enteral nutritional supplement, vanilla
1289 GlucernaTM, vanilla flavor8 194 250 mL 4
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1290 GlucernaTM, vanilla flavor8 204 250 mL 4
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1291 GlucernaTM, vanilla flavor (Ross Nutrition, Canada) 262 250 mL 8
1292 GlucernaTM, vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA)8 312 250 mL 8
mean of four studies 243 250 mL 6
1293 Glucerna Select, enteral nutritional supplement8 163 250 mL 2
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1294 Glucerna SR, diabetes-specific enteral formula 235 250 mL 6
(Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA)
1295 InslowTM (Abbott Nutrition International -Japan)8 253 250 mL 6
1296 JevityTM (Abbott Australasia) 483 237 mL 17
1297 JevityTM HiCal, enteral nutritional supplement 596 250 mL 27
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1298 Novasource Diabet, diabetes-specific enteral formula8 265 250 mL 8
(Novartis Consumer Health SA, Switzerland)
1299 Nutridrink (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)9 25 250 mL 12
1300 Nutridrink Multifiber, containing 2.3 g fiber/100 mL 22 250 mL 10
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)9
1301 Nutrison Mutli fiber enteral formula8 2810 250 mL 9
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1302 Nutrison Standard enteral formula8 348 250 mL 10
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1303 Promote with fiberTM nutritional supplement 498 237 mL 16
(Ross Nutrition, USA)
1304 ProsureTM, ready-to-drink supplement, vanilla flavor 545 237 mL 20
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1305 ProsureTM, ready-to-drink supplement, vanilla flavor 555 237 mL 23
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1306 Resource DiabeticTM, French vanilla (Novartis 343 237 mL 8
Nutrition Corp., Young America, USA)8
1307 Resource DiabeticTM, Swiss chocolate 164 237mL 7
(Novartis, Auckland, New Zealand)
1308 ResourceTM fruit beverage, peach flavor 408 237 mL 16
(Novartis, New Zealand)
1309 ResourceTM thickened orange juice, 479 237 mL 18
honey consistency (Novartis, New Zealand)
1310 ResourceTM thickened orange juice, 547 237 mL 19
nectar consistency (Novartis, New Zealand)
1311 SustagenTM, Dutch Chocolate (Mead Johnson, 314 250 mL 13
Bristol Myers Squibb, Rydalmere, Australia)
1312 SustagenTM Hospital with extra fiber, drink made 334 250 mL 15
from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)

1313 SustagenTM Instant Pudding, vanilla, made from 273 250 13

powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)
1314 TapionTM nutritonal supplement (Abbott Nutrition 275 250 mL 7
International - Japan)
1315 TwoCal HNTM, high nitrogen nutritional supplement, 555 237 mL 27
vanilla flavor (Abbott Nutrition International)
1316 UltracalTM with fiber (Mead Johnson, 40 237 mL 12
Evansville, IN, USA)
NUTS
Cashew nuts
1317 Cashew nuts, salted (Coles Supermarkets, Australia)8 225 50 3
1318 Cashew nuts (UK)8 256 50 3
1319 Cashew nuts, organic, roasted and salted (UK)8 2512 50 3
1320 Cashew nut halves (UK)8 276 50 3
1321 Cashew nuts, roasted and salted (UK)8 279 50 3
mean of five foods 251 50 3
1322 Mixed nuts and raisins (UK) 215 50 3
1323 Mixed nuts, roasted and salted (UK) 2410 50 4
Peanuts
1324 Peanuts, crushed (South Africa)8 74 50 0
PASTA and NOODLES
1325 Buckwheat noodles (China) 591 180 25
1326 Buckwheat noodles, instant (China) 532 180 22
1327 Corn pasta, gluten-free (Orgran Natural Foods, 687 180 31
Carrum Downs, VIC, Australia) (2007)
1328 Corn pasta, gluten-free 7810 180 32
(Orgran Natural Foods, Australia)
Fettucine, egg
1329 Fettucine, egg (Australia) 324 180 15
1330 Fettucine, egg (Mother Earth Fine Foods, 476 180 22
Rowville, Australia)
Fusilli pasta twists
1331 Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), 619 180 29
boiled 10 min in salted water (UK)
1332 Fusilli pasta twists, dry pasta, boiled in 10 min 5411 180 26
in unsalted water (UK)
1333 Fusilli pasta twists, tricolour, dry pasta, 5111 180 23
boiled 10 min in unsalted water (UK)
1334 Fusilli pasta twists, wholewheat, dry pasta, boiled 558 180 23
10 min in unsalted water (UK)
mean of four studies 552 180 25
1335 Gluten-free pasta, maize starch, boiled 8 min (UK) 54 180 23
1336 Gnocchi, type NS (Latina, Pillsbury Australia Ltd, 689 180 33
Mt. Waverley, Australia)
Instant noodles
1337 Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi 465 180 11
(Nestl, Australia) (1995)
1338 Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi 488 180 12
(Nestl, Auckland, New Zealand)
1339 Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi, all flavors 527 180 13
(Nestl Australia) (2005)
1340 Instant noodles, all flavors (Woolworths Limited, 525 180 11
Australia)
mean of four studies 502 180 12
Lasagne pasta sheets, boiled for 10 min
1341 Lasagne sheets, dry pasta, boiled in unsalted water 558 180 26
(Value, UK)
1342 Lasagne, egg, dry pasta, boiled in unsalted water (UK) 539 180 23

1343 Lasagne, egg, verdi, dry pasta, boiled in 526 180 23

unsalted water (UK)
mean of three studies 53 180 24
Linguine
1344 Thick, durum wheat, white, fresh (Sweden) 43 180 21
1345 Thick, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w 48 180 23
monoglycerides, boiled 8 min (Sweden)
1346 Thin, durum wheat (Sweden) 49 180 23
1347 Thin, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w 61 180 29
monoglycerides, boiled 3 min (Sweden)
1348 Thin, fresh, durum wheat with 39% w/w egg, (Sweden) 45 180 18
1349 Thin, fresh, with 0.6% w/w monoglycerides and 53 180 22
30% w/w egg, boiled 3 min (Sweden)
mean of four studies 523 180 23
1350 Mung bean noodles (Longkou beanthread), 399 180 18
dried, boiled (Yantai cereals, China)
1351 Proti pasta, protein-enriched, boiled in water 281 180 14
(Vital Nature Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA)
1352 Ravioli, durum wheat flour, meat filled, boiled (Australia) 391 180 15
Rice noodles/pasta
1353 Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World, 616 180 23
Bangkok, Thailand)
1354 Rice noodles, freshly made, boiled 404 180 15
(Sydney, NSW, Australia)
1355 Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose) 41 180 18
rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
1356 Rice pasta, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia) 51 180 24
1357 Rice pasta, brown, boiled 16 min 928 180 35
(Rice Grower's Co-op, Australia)
1358 Rice and maize pasta, gluten-free, Ris'O'Mais 766 180 37
(Orgran Foods, Australia)
Spaghetti
1359 Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and Hi-Maize 515 180 25
(high-amlyose) flour (Freedom Foods, Australia)
1360 Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and split pea, 689 220 19
canned in tomato sauce
1361 Spaghetti, 75% durum wheat flour and 25% chickpea 41 180 19
flour boiled 10 min (Rio Dulce SA, Guadalajara, Spain)
1362 Spaghetti, soy (Revival Soy, Physicians 477 180 17
Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)8
Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10-15 min
1363 White, boiled for 10 min (Rio Dulce SA, 51 180 24
Guadalajara, Spain)
1364 White, durum wheat, boiled 10 min in salt water 58 180 28
(Barilla, Parma, Italy)15
1365 White, durum wheat flour, boiled 12 min 47 180 23
(Starhushalls, Kungsornen AB, Jarna, Sweden)
1366 White, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, 53 180 25
boiled 12 min (Sweden)
1367 White, boiled 15 min in salted water 443 180 21
(Unico, Concord, ON, Canada)
1368 100% durum semolina spaghetti, boiled 15 min 41 180 19
(Unico, Canada)
mean of six studies 493 180 24
Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 20 min
1369 White, durum wheat, boiled 20 min (Australia) 587 180 26
Spaghetti, white, boiled
1370 White (France) 39 180 18
1371 White (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan) 46 180 22
1372 White (Unico, Canada) 483 180 23

1373 White (Vetta, Greens Foods, Glendenning, Australia) 497 180 22

1374 White (Canada) 508 180 24
mean of five studies 462 180 22
Spaghetti, white, durum wheat semolina
(Panzani, Marseilles, France)
1375 Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 11 min 5915 180 28
1376 Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 16.5 min 6515 180 31
1377 Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 22 min 4610 180 22
mean of three cooking times 57 180 27
Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled
1378 Wholemeal (Canada) 424 180 17
1379 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Whole Wheat 455 180 18
spaghetti (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1380 Wholemeal pasta, dark durum wheat, boiled 10 min in 58 180 29
salted water (Melia Ltd, Raisio, Finland)
1381 Spirali, durum wheat, white, boiled to al dente texture 4310 180 19
(Vetta, Australia)
1382 Split pea and soya pasta shells, gluten-free 296 180 9
(Orgran Foods, Australia)
1383 Tagliatelle, egg pasta, boiled in water for 7 min (UK) 466 180 20
1384 Tagliatelle, egg, boiled (Sainsbury's, UK) 545 180 24
1385 Udon noodles, plain, reheated 5 min (Fantastic, 628 180 30
Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia)8
1386 Vermicelli, white, boiled, VettaTM (Australia) 357 180 16
1387 Wheat noodle, dried (China) 462 180 19
1388 Wheat noodle, fresh (China) 827 180 34
SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
1389 Brownies, containing coconut flour (Philippines) 42 50 11
1390 Chick Pea chips (Freedom Foods, Australia) 447 50 8
1391 Chocolate crinkles, containing coconut flour 43 50 10
(Philippines)
Chocolate, dark
1392 Chocolate, dark, Dove (M&M/Mars, USA) 233 50 6
1393 Chocolate, dark with raisins, peanuts and jam 445 50 12
(Czech Republic)
Chocolate, milk, plain
1394 Chocolate, milk, plain with sucrose (Belgium)8 345 50 7
1395 Chocolate, milk (Cadbury's Confectionery, 496 50 14
Ringwood, Australia)
1396 Chocolate, milk, Dove (Mars Confectionery, 458 50 13
Ballarat, Australia)
1397 Chocolate, milk (Nestl, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 428 50 13
mean of four studies 433 50 12
Chocolate, milk, artificially sweetened
1398 Chocolate candy, sugar free, Dove 233 50 3
(M&M/Mars, USA)8
1399 Chocolate, white, Milky Bar (Nestl, Australia) 446 50 13
1400 CocoaviaTM Chocolate Covered Almonds 213 30 2
(M&M/Mars, USA)8
1401 Combos Snacks Cheddar Cheese Crackers 546 50 17
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1402 Combos Snacks Cheddar Cheese Pretzels 526 50 18
(M&M/Mars, USA)
Corn chips
1403 Corn chips, plain, salted (DoritosTM original, 424 50 11
Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia) (1998)
1404 Corn chips, plain, salted (DoritosTM original, 72 50 18
Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia) (1985)
Chips or Crisps, made from flaxseed, corn or rice

President's Choice Blue MenuTM

(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1405 Flaxseed Tortilla chips, Sea Salt 456 50 9
1406 Flaxseed Tortilla chips, Spicy 345 50 7
1407 Japanese Tamari Rice & Corn Crisps 916 50 35
1408 Japanese Wasabi & Honey Rice & Corn Crisps 827 50 32
1409 Thai Curry Rice & Corn Crisps 846 50 33
1410 Fruit and nut mix (Finest, UK) 153 50 4
Fruit Bars
1411 Apple Fruit Bar, fat-free, President's Choice Blue 9013 40 27
MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1412 Apricot and Almond bar (UK) 346 30 5
1413 Apricot filled fruit bar (pureed dried apricot filling 508 50 17
in wholemeal pastry) (Mother Earth, New Zealand)
1414 Apricot & Yoghurt Healtheries Simple Bar, wheat 405 50 10
and gluten-free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1415 Berry & Yoghurt Healtheries Simple Bar, wheat 514 50 13
and gluten free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1416 Berrylicious Trim Bar 464 50 8
(Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1417 Blackberry Sour Buzz dried fruit leather, Sunripe 355 30 7
School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
1418 Fig Fruit bar, President's Choice Blue MenuTM 708 40 21
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1419 Fruit & Yogurt Apple Cinnamon Chewy Bars (Soy), 343 40 7
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1420 Fruit & Yogurt Cranberry Blueberry Bars (Soy), 332 40 7
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1421 Heinz KidzTM Fruit Fingers, banana (HJ Heinz, Australia) 6111 30 12
1422 Raspberry Fruit bar, fat-free, President's Choice 7411 40 23
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1423 Real Fruit Bars, strawberry (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 9012 30 23
1424 Roll-Ups, processed fruit snack 9912 30 24
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
1425 Strawberry fruit leather (Stretch Island Fruit 294 30 7
CompanyTM, Washington, USA)
1426 Strawberry & Wildberry dried fruit leather, Sunripe 40 30 8
school straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
Gelato
1427 Gelati, sucrose-free frozen dessert, chocolate flavor 375 100 10
(Alba Foods, Newtown, Australia)
1428 Gelati, sucrose-free frozen dessert, vanilla flavor 394 100 11
(Alba Foods, Newtown, Australia)
Ice cream and cone
1429 ChocolloTM, low-fat chocolate flavored ice 447 100 8
cream eaten with a plain cone
(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
1430 ChocolloTM, low-fat chocolate flavored 556 110 15
ice cream eaten with a waffle cone
(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
1431 Jelly, made from commercial jelly crystals, 536 120 10
Raspberry Razzle flavor
(Aeroplane Jelly Company, West Ryde, Australia)
Jelly beans
1432 Jelly beans, assorted colors (Allen's, Nestl, Australia) 808 30 22
1433 Jelly beans, assorted colors (Savings, 766 30 21
Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
1434 Kudos Milk Chocolate Granola bar with M&M's Milk 524 50 18

Chocolate Mini Baking Bits (M&M/Mars, USA)

1435 Kudos Whole-Grain bars, chocolate chip 628 50 20
(M&M/Mars, Hackettstown, USA)
1436 Kudos Milk Chocolate Granola bars, 456 50 14
Peanut Butter flavor (M&M/Mars, USA)
1437 Licorice, soft (Coles Supermarkets, Australia) 7811 30 16
1438 Life Savers, peppermint candy (Nestl, Australia) 706 30 21
1439 M & M's, peanut (Mars Confectionery, Australia) 333 30 6
Mars Bar
1440 Mars Bar (Mars Confectionery, Australia) 628 60 25
1441 Mars Bar (M&M/Mars, USA) 6812 60 27
1442 Marshmallows (Candy Lane, Australia) 626 30 15
1443 Milky Way bar (M&M/Mars, USA) 628 60 26
1444 Milky Way Lite bar (M&M/Mars, USA) 455 45 15
1445 Muesli bar, crunchy, containing dried apricot 617 30 13
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
1446 Nougat, Jijona (La Fama, Spain)9 32 30 4
1447 Nutella, chocolate hazelnut spread (Ferrero 334 20 4
Australia, Milson's Point, NSW, Australia) (1997)
1448 Nutella, chocolate hazelnut spread 304 20 4
(Ferrero Australia, Australia) (2003)
1449 Nutella, chocolate hazelnut spread 254 20 3
(Ferrero Australia, Australia) (2007)
mean of three studies 29 20 3
1450 Pirate's Booty, aged white cheddar extruded snack, 705 20 8
made from corn and rice (Robert's American Gourmet,
Sea Cliff, NY, USA)
Popcorn
1451 Microwave Popping Corn, butter flavor, President's 728 20 9
Choice Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1452 Microwave Popping Corn, natural flavor, President's 588 20 7
Choice Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1453 Popcorn (China) 551 20 6
1454 Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven 557 20 6
(Green's Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)
1455 Poppin Microwave Popcorn, butter flavor 628 20 6
(Green's Foods, Australia)8
1456 Poppin Lite Microwave Popcorn, butter flavor, 678 20 7
50% reduced fat (Green's Foods, Australia)8
1457 Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven 89 20 10
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
mean of seven studies 655 20 7
1458 Pop TartsTM, double choc (Kellogg's, Australia) 702 50 24
Potato crisps
1459 Potato crisps, plain, salted (Canada) 517 50 12
1460 Potato crisps, plain, salted (Arnott's, Australia) 57 50 10
1461 Potato crisps (China) 602 50 12
mean of three studies 56 50 12
1462 President's Choice Blue MenuTM Original and 668 50 25
Tomato Basil Vegetable Sticks
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Pretzels
1463 Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavor 839 30 16
(Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia)
1464 Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavor, 97% 846 30 20
fat free (Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia)
1465 Puffed rice squares (Czech Republic) 775 30 19
1466 Skittles (Mars Confectionery, Australia) 705 50 32
Snack bars

1467 Chewy Chocolate Chip & Marshmallow Granola Bar, 786 26 16

President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1468 Chewy Cranberry Apple Granola Bar, 585 26 12
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1469 Chocolate Healtheries Simple bar, wheat and gluten 353 50 10
free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1470 Chocolate Raspberry ZingTM bar (Revival Soy, 475 50 2
Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)7
1471 CocoaviaTM Chocolate Almond Snack bar 637 50 17
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1472 CocoaviaTM Cripsy Chocolate Bar (M&M/Mars, USA) 335 50 8
1473 ExtendBarTM Apple Cinnamon Delight Bar 337 50 5
(ExtendBar, USA)
1474 ExtendBarTM Chocolate Delight Bar 416 50 7
(ExtendBar, USA)
1475 ExtendBarTM Peanut Delight Bar (ExtendBar, USA) 325 50 5
1476 Granola bar, containing coconut flour (Philippines) 46 50 9
1477 Munch Peanut Butter bar (M&M/Mars, USA) 275 50 5
1478 Oat bar, made from oat flour and bran starch (Canada)9 59 50 14
1479 Peanut Butter Chocolate PalTM bar (Revival Soy, 524 50 13
Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)8
1480 60% Whole Wheat Fig Fruit bar, President's 726 50 26
Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1481 Slimfast Meal Options bar, rich chocolate brownie 6413 50 21
(SlimFast Foods Co, West Palm Beach, USA)
1482 Snack bar, Apple Cinnamon (Con Agra Inc., 408 50 12
Omaha, NE, USA)
1483 Snack bar, Peanut Butter and Choc-Chip 376 50 10
(Con Agra Inc., USA)
1484 Trim bar, Chocorama 313 50 4
(Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1485 Trim Bar, Mocha flavor (Aussie Bodies 253 50 3
Pty. Ltd., Australia)
Snickers Bar
1486 Snickers Bar (Mars Confectionery, Australia) 415 60 15
1487 Snickers Bar (M&M/Mars, USA) 434 60 15
1488 Snickers Bar (M&M/Mars, USA)9 68 60 23
mean of three studies 51 60 18
Soy Joy Fruit & Soy Bar (Otsuka Pharmaceutical
Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan)
1489 Apple Soy Joy Bar 192 30 2
1490 Apricot Soy Joy Bar 274 30 3
1491 Chocolate Orange Soy Joy Bar 417 30 5
1492 Mango Coconut Soy Joy Bar 282 30 3
1493 Plum + Fe Soy Joy Bar 253 30 3
1494 Plum + Folic acid Soy Joy Bar 272 30 3
1495 Raisin Almond Soy Joy Bar 284 30 3
1496 Sanzashi Soy Joy Bar 295 30 4
1497 Strawberry Soy Joy Bar 332 30 4
1498 SunshineTM soy protein chips, lightly salted8 878 50 23
(Revival Soy,Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)
1499 Tropical fruit and nut mix (Finest, UK) 497 50 14
1500 TwistiesTM, cheese-flavored, extruded snack, 745 50 22
rice and corn (Smith's Snackfood Co., Australia)
1501 Twix Cookie Bar, caramel (M&M/Mars, USA) 446 60 17
1502 Yummiees lollies (Allseps Pty. Ltd., Australia) 433 15 2

SPORTS (ENERGY) BARS

1503 Clif bar, Chocolate Brownie Energy bar 576 65 22
(Clif Bar Inc., Berkeley, USA)
1504 Performance Chocolate Energy bar (Power Bar, USA) 536 65 22
Power Bar (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, USA)
1505 Power Bar, chocolate 585 65 24
1506 Power Bar, chocolate9 53 65 22
1507 Ironman PR bar, chocolate (PR Nutrition, 39 65 10
San Diego, CA, USA)9
SmartZone Nutrition Bar (Hershey's Food
Corporation, Hershey, PA, USA)
1508 SmartZone Chocolate flavor 114 50 2
1509 SmartZone Chocolate flavor 163 50 3
1510 SmartZone Crunchy Blueberry flavor 153 50 3
1511 SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Brownie flavor 235 50 4
1512 SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Caramel flavor 164 50 3
1513 SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Peanut Butter flavor 143 50 3
1514 SmartZone Crunchy Key Lime flavor 143 50 3
1515 SmartZone Peanut Butter flavor 182 50 3
Snickers Marathon Energy Bar
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1516 Chewy Chocolate Peanut flavor 365 50 9
1517 Cookies & Creme flavor 504 50 14
1518 Multi Grain Crunch flavor 504 50 14
1519 Peanut Butter flavor 345 50 8
Snickers Marathon Low Carb Lifestyle
Energy Bar (M&M/Mars, USA)
1520 Chocolate Fudge Brownie flavor 204 50 2
1521 Peanut Butter flavor 214 50 2
Snickers Marathon Nutrition Bar
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1522 Dark Chocolate Crunch flavor 496 25 5
1523 Honey & Roasted Almond flavor 413 25 4
Snickers Marathon Protein Performance Bar
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1524 Caramel Nut Rush flavor 263 50 6
1525 Chocolate Nut Burst flavor 324 50 6
SoLo GI Nutrition Bar (New Era Nutrition Inc,
Alberta, Canada)
1526 SoLo GI Berry Bliss Nutrition bar 295 50 6
1527 SoLo GI Chocolate Charger Nutrition bar 282 50 6
1528 SoLo GI Lemon Lift Nutrition bar 295 50 6
1529 SoLo GI Mint Mania Nutrition bar 233 50 5
1530 SoLo GI Peanut Power Nutrition bar 274 50 5
SoLo GI Snack Bar (New Era Nutrition Inc,
Alberta, Canada)
1531 SoLo GI Berry Bliss Snack bar 295 25 3
1532 SoLo GI Chocolate Charger Snack bar 282 25 3
1533 SoLo GI Lemon Lift Snack bar 295 25 3
1534 SoLo GI Mint Mania Snack bar 233 25 2
1535 SoLo GI Peanut Power Snack bar 274 25 3
1536 VO2 Max Chocolate Energy bar (M&M/Mars, USA) 498 65 22
1537 ZonePerfect Nutrition bar, Double Chocolate flavor 447 50 8
(Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, USA)
SOUPS
1538 Barley Vegetable Instant soup, low-fat, 413 250 11
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1539 Carrot soup, President's Choice Blue MenuTM 354 250 5

Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)

1540 Chicken and mushroom soup (UK)24 466 250 8
1541 Chicken and mushroom soup (UK)24 6914 250 13
1542 Chicken & Vegetable with wholegrain pasta, Country 433 250 5
Ladle (Campbell's Soups, Homebush, NSW, Australia)8
1543 Garden vegetable soup with peppers and croutons, 202 250 5
SlimFast (SlimFast Foods Ltd, Slough, Berks, UK)
1544 Indian Lentil Instant soup, low-fat, 627 250 12
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1545 Lentil, ready-to-serve, President's Choice Blue 579 250 11
MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Minestrone
1546 Minestrone, condensed, prepared with water 486 250 18
(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, NJ, USA)
1547 Minestrone, Traditional, Country Ladle 393 250 7
(Campbell's Soups, Australia)8
1548 Minestrone & Pasta Instant soup, low-fat, 543 250 22
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
mean of three studies 47 250 15
1549 Mushroom Barley, ready-to-serve, President's Choice 4510 250 3
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1550 Pasta & Fagioli soup, ready-to-serve, President's 528 250 10
Choice Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1551 Pumpkin Soup, creamy, Heinz Very SpecialTM, with 767 250 14
pumpkin, cream, potatoes (Heinz Wattie's Ltd, Australia)
1552 Spicy Black Bean Instant soup, low-fat, President's 575 250 18
Choice Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1553 Spicy Black Bean with Vegetables soup, 465 250 12
President's Choice Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1554 Spicy Thai Instant soup, low-fat, President's Choice 564 250 17
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1555 Tomato soup, condensed, prepared with water 524 250 15
(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, NJ, USA)
1556 Tomato & Herb, President's Choice Blue MenuTM 475 250 7
Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1557 Vegetable soup (UK)24 6012 250 11
1558 Vegetable Couscous Instant soup, low-fat, President's 574 250 19
Choice Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1559 Vegetarian Chili Instant soup, low-fat, President's 364 250 10
Choice Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1560 Winter Squash, President's Choice Blue MenuTM 414 250 5
Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
SUGARS AND SYRUPS
Blue Agave cactus nectar, high-fructose
1561 Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 90% fructose 111 10 1
(Western Commerce Corp., City of Industry, CA, USA)8
1562 Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 97% fructose 101 10 1
(Western Commerce Corp., USA)8
1563 Premium Agave nectar (Sweet Cactus Farms, USA) 194 10 2
mean of three studies 13 10 1
Fructose
1564 25 g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc., 11 10 1
Toronto, Canada)8
1565 50 g portion (Sweeten Less, Canada) 12 10 1
1566 50 g portion (China) 231 10 2
mean of three studies 15 10 2

Glucose
1567 50 g portion (dextrose) 96 10 10
1568 50 g portion (Bio-Health, Dawson Traders Ltd., 96 10 10
Toronto, Canada)
1569 50 g portion (Canada) 100 10 10
1570 50 g portion (GlucodinTM glucose tablets, Boots, 1029 10 10
North Ryde, NSW, Australia)
1571 25 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada)8 103 10 10
1572 50 g portion (dextrose) 111 10 11
1573 100 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada)8 114 10 11
mean of seven studies 1033 10 10
Glucose consumed with American ginseng
(Panax quinquefolius L.)
1574 25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min before 76 10 8
3 g dried ginseng8,27
Glucose consumed with gum/fiber
1575 46 g Glucose + 15 g apple and orange fiber extract 793 10 6
(FITA, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
(total carbohydrate content of drink = 50 g)
1576 50 g Glucose + 14.5 g guar gum 62 10 6
1577 50 g Glucose + 14.5 g oat gum (78% oat -glucan) 57 10 6
1578 100 g Glucose + 20 g acacia gum15,28 85 10 9
1579 75 g Glucose + 4.24 g salt (Nigeria)11,14 86 10 9
1580 Golden Syrup (Australia) 636 25 13
Honey
1581 Yellow box (46% fructose) (Australia)8 354 25 6
1582 Stringy Bark (52% fructose) (Australia)8 444 25 9
1583 Red Gum (35% fructose) (Australia)8 463 25 8
1584 Iron Bark (34% fructose) (Australia)8 483 25 7
1585 Capilano Premium Honey, blend of eucalypt & floral 513 25 11
honeys (Capilano Honey Limited, QLD, Australia)
1586 Yapunya (42 % fructose) (Australia)8 525 25 9
1587 Pure (Capilano Honey Ltd., Richlands, Qld, Australia) 586 25 12
1588 Leabrook Farms Yellow box honey 604 25 13
(Spring Gully Foods Pty Ltd, SA, Australia)
1589 Commercial Blend (38% fructose) (WA blend, 623 25 11
Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia)8
1590 Salvation Jane (32% fructose) (Australia)8 645 25 10
1591 Clover honey, ratio of fructose: glucose, 1.09 698 25 15
(Vazza Farms, Hermiston, OR, USA)
1592 Commercial Blend (28% fructose) (NSW blend, 726 25 9
Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia)8
1593 Buckwheat honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.12 736 25 16
(Vazza Farms, USA)
1594 Cotton honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.03 747 25 16
(Gene Brandi Apiaries, Los Banos, CA, USA)
1595 Honey, NS type (China) 744 25 16
1596 Tupelo honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.54 748 25 16
(Tropical Blossom Honey Co, Edgewater, FL, USA)
1597 Honey, NS (Canada)8 878 25 18
mean of seventeen types of honey 613 25 12
Lactose
1598 50 g portion (China) 461 10 5
1599 25 g portion (BDH, Poole, UK)8 48 10 5
Maltose
1600 50 g portion (Canada) 10512 10 11
1601 50 g portion (China) 1052 10 11
1602 Maple flavored syrup (Cottee's Foods, Australia) 685 25 15
1603 Maple syrup, pure Canadian (Queen Foods, Australia) 546 25 10
Sucrose

1604 50 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Toronto, Canada) 58 10 6

1605 50 g portion (Japan) 60 10 6
1606 25 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Canada)8 60 10 6
1607 50 g portion (South Africa) 659 10 7
1608 100 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Canada)15 65 10 7
1609 50 g portion (China) 844 10 8
mean of six studies 654 10 7
VEGETABLES
1610 Broad beans, frozen, reheated in microwave 639 80 3
(Logan Farm Pty Ltd, Australia)8
Green peas
1611 Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada)8 516 80 4
1612 Pea, green (Pisum Sativum) (India)14 5414 80 4
Pumpkin
1613 Butternut pumpkin, boiled (Australia)8 516 80 3
1614 Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), peeled, cubed, 664 80 12
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1615 Pumpkin, boiled in salted water (South Africa) 759 80 3
mean of three studies 64 80 6
Sweet corn
1616 Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand) 3712 80 6
1617 Sweet corn on the cob, boiled 20 min 48 80 8
(Sydney, Australia)
1618 Sweet corn (China) 552 80 9
1619 Sweet corn, boiled (USA) 60 80 11
1620 Sweet corn (South Africa) 625 80 11
mean of five studies 525 80 9
Root vegetables
Carrots
1621 Carrots, raw, diced (Australia) 355 80 2
1622 Carrots, raw, ground (Australia) 391 80 2
1623 Carrots, peeled, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)8 335 80 2
1624 Carrots, peeled, diced boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)8 492 80 2
mean of four studies 394 80 2
1625 Cassava (Manihot esculenta), peeled, boiled 30 min, 9411 120 36
frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
1626 Parsnips, peeled, boiled (Australia)8 525 80 4
Potato
Baked potato
1627 Potato, white with skin, baked (UK) 695 150 19
1628 Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled, 836 150 25
baked 45 min (Jamaica)
1629 Pontiac, peeled and baked (Australia) 9311 150 17
1630 Potato, white without skin, baked (UK) 988 150 26
mean of four foods 866 150 22
Baked, Russet Burbank potatoes
1631 Russet, baked without fat (USA) 111 150 33
Boiled potato
1632 Asterix, peeled, boiled 30 min (Sweden) 78 150 20
1633 Asterix, peeled, boiled 30 min, served with 15.4 g 92 150 24
sunflower oil (Ica Handlarna, Solna, Sweden)
1634 Charlotte, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK) 665 150 15
1635 Charlotte, boiled (UK) 8111 150 19
1636 Desiree, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia) 10115 150 17
1637 Estima, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK) 665 150 17
1638 Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled, cubed, 594 150 19
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1639 King Edward potato, peeled, quartered, 7510 150 21

boiled 15 min in unsalted water (UK)

1640 Marfona potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min 563 150 18
in unsalted water (UK)
1641 Maris Piper potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min 854 150 25
in unsalted water (UK)
1642 Nicola potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK) 597 150 9
1643 Nicola potato, unpeeled, boiled whole for 15 min 583 150 9
(Australia)
1644 Pontiac, peeled, boiled whole for 30 min (Australia) 56 150 14
1645 Pontiac, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia) 889 150 16
1646 Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min (Sweden) 118 150 24
1647 Sebago, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia) 877 150 14
Boiled/cooked, white/Type NS
1648 Type NS, boiled (China) 661 150 13
1649 Type NS, boiled in salted water (India) 76 150 26
1650 Red potatoes, boiled with skin on in salted water 897 150 19
for 12 min (Canada)
1651 Potato, white, boiled (UK) 9610 150 24
mean of four studies 827 150 21
Boiled potato cooked then cooled
1652 Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min, refrigerated 24 h, 88 150 18
consumed cold (Sweden)
1653 Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min, refrigerated 24 h, 67 150 13
consumed cold with white vinegar (28 g)
and olive oil (8 g) (Sweden)
1654 Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated, 23 150 8
reheated (India)
1655 Potato, red, cubed, boiled in salted water 12 min, 565 150 12
stored overnight in refrigerator, consumed cold
(Canada)
Canned potatoes
1656 New, canned, heated in microwave 3 min (Mint Tiny 659 150 12
TatersTM, Edgell'sTM brand, Cheltenham, Australia)
French Fries
1657 French fries (Ica Handlarna, Solna, Sweden), 54 150 16
baked at 250oC for 9 min
1658 French Fries, baked 15 min (OreIda Golden Fries, 646 150 21
H.J. Heinz Co, Pittsburgh, PA, USA)
1659 Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled, fried in 706 150 21
vegetable oil (Jamaica)
Instant Mashed potato
1660 Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA) 797 150 16
1661 Instant (Canada) 8013 150 16
1662 Instant (Edgell's Potato Whip, Edgell's, Australia) 86 150 17
1663 Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA) 888 150 18
1664 Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA), 924 150 18
prepared with water
1665 Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA) 976 150 19
mean of six studies 873 150 17
Instant mashed potato consumed with added fat
1666 Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia) 7110 150 17
consumed with 30 g Sunola oil (80% MUFA oil)
1667 Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia) 7410 150 18
consumed with 36.5 g butter (69% saturated fat)
1668 Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia) 688 150 17
consumed with 30 g sunflower oil (64% PUFA oil)
Mashed potato
1669 Type NS (South Africa) 7110 150 14
1670 Type NS (China) 733 150 15

1671 Type NS (France) 83 150 17

mean of three studies 76 150 15
1672 Desiree potato, mashed (UK) 10213 150 26
1673 Pontiac, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min, mashed 919 150 18
(Australia)
Microwaved potato
1674 Estima, microwaved 6 min then baked 10 min (UK) 938 150 24
1675 Pontiac, peeled and microwave on high 799 150 14
for 6-7.5 min (Australia)
1676 Prince Edward Island white potato, cooked in 735 150 15
microwave for 18 min (Canada)
1677 Russet Burbank potato, unpeeled, cooked in 779 150 19
microwave for 18 min (Canada)
New Potato
1678 New (Canada) 708 150 12
1679 New, unpeeled and boiled 20 min (Australia) 7812 150 16
1680 New potato, boiled (UK) 8015 150 18
mean of three studies 76 150 16
Steamed potato
1681 Potato, NS type, steamed (China) 622 150 12
1682 Potato (Solanum Tuberosum), peeled, steamed 1 h 6511 150 18
(India)14
1683 California white potatoes, cubed, 728 150 14
roasted in soybean oil (Canada)
Sweet potato, cooked
1684 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), boiled(Australia) 44 150 11
1685 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled, cubed, 465 150 15
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1686 Sweet potato, orange flesh, peeled, cut into pieces, 616 150 11
boiled for 8 min (Australia) (2006)
1687 Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand) 7712 150 19
1688 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled, 948 150 42
baked 45 min (Jamaica)
1689 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled, 767 150 34
fried in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1690 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled, roasted 825 150 37
on preheated charcoal (Jamaica)
1691 Sweet potato, orange (China) 774 150 16
1692 Sweet potato, purple skin white flesh, peeled, 755 150 22
cut into pieces, boiled for 8 min (Australia) (2006)
mean of nine studies 706 150 22
Tapioca
1693 Tapioca (Manihot Utilissima), steamed 1 h (India)14 7010 250 12
Taro
1694 Taro (China) 485 150 4
1695 Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia) 54 150 4
1696 Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) 5612 150 4
mean of three studies 53 150 4
Yam
1697 Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) 355 150 13
1698 Yam (China) 542 150 19
1699 Yam, steamed (China) 514 150 18
1700 Yam (Dioscorea spp.), boiled (Nigeria)11,14 74 150 28
mean of four studies 548 150 20
1701 Yam (Dioscorea spp.), boiled, consumed with 74 150 28
4.24 g salt (Nigeria)11,14
1702 Coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), peeled, cubed, 615 150 28
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
Yam, Lucea (Dioscorea rotundata)
1703 Lucea Yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 (Jamaica) 747 150 20

1704 Lucea Yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal 775 150 29

(Jamaica)
Yam, Negro (Dioscorea rotundata)
1705 Negro yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica) 734 150 23
1706 Negro yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal 736 150 28
(Jamaica)
Yam, Round leaf yellow (Dioscorea cayenensis)
1707 Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min 683 150 23
(Jamaica)
1708 Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, roasted on preheated 807 150 32
charcoal (Jamaica)
Yam, Sweet (Dioscorea alata)
1709 Sweet yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica) 794 150 20
1710 Sweet yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal 827 150 32
(Jamaica)
Yam, White (Dioscorea alata)
1711 White yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica) 756 150 24
1712 White yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal 806 150 28
(Jamaica)
INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS OF
DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS
AFRICAN
1713 Brown beans (South Africa) 248 50 (dry) 6
1714 FooFoo corn (Zea mays) and ndole (vegetable soup)14 34 - (Cameroon)
1715 Ga kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal (Zea mays) 121 150 7
eaten with fish, tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1716 Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima) 563 100 15
eaten with fish, tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1717 Gram dhal soaked overnight, cooked in salted water 53 50 (dry) 1
(South Africa)
1718 Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) stew and plantain14 48 - (Musa paradisiaca) (Cameroon)
1719 Koki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cassava14 52 - (Manihot esculenta) (Cameroon)
1720 Maize meal porridge, unrefined, 716 50 (dry) 25
maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)
1721 Maize meal porridge, refined, 747 50 (dry) 30
maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)
1722 M'fino/Morogo, wild greens (South Africa) 688 120 34
1723 Rice (Oriza sativa) and tomato soup (Cameroon)14 46 - 1724 Unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) eaten with fish, 404 120 (raw) 13
tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1725 White rice (Oryza sativa), boiled, eaten with fish, 343 150 14
tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1726 Yam (Dyscoria species) eaten with fish, tomato 66 150 24
and onion sauce (Ghana)
1727 Yam (Dioscorea species) and groundnut14 50 - (Arachis hypogaea) soup (Cameroon)
ARABIC AND TURKISH
1728 Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) (90 g), 375 215 19
eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
(United Arab Emirates)
1729 Dates, Khalas (Tamer, dark brown commercial) (60 g), 294 185 15
eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
(United Arab Emirates)
1730 Hummus (chickpea salad dip) 64 30 0
1731 Lebanese bread (white, unleaved), hummus, 8612 120 39

falafel and tabbouleh

1732 Stuffed grapevine leaves (rice and lamb stuffing 3011 100 5
with tomato sauce)
ASIAN
1733 Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker 868 150 37
(Lion foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
1734 Butter rice, warm white rice and butter (Japan) 79 150 40
1735 Curry rice (Japan) 67 150 41
1736 Curry rice with cheese (Japan) 55 150 27
1737 Glutaminous rice flour, instant, served warm with 65 100 27
roasted ground soybean (Japan)
1738 Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker 946 150 31
(Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Co., Bangkok, Thailand)
1739 Glutinous rice, type NS (Esubi Shokuhin, Japan) 86 150 56
1740 Glutinous rice ball with cut glutinous cake 48 75 13
(mochi) (Japan)
1741 Glutinous rice cake with dried sea algae (Japan) 83 75 32
1742 Jasmine rice, white, cooked in rice cooker 10910 150 46
(Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
1743 Lotus root powder (China) 336 15 3
1744 Low-protein white rice with dried sea algae (Japan) 70 150 42
1745 Lychee, canned in syrup, drained 798 120 16
(Narcissus brand, China)
1746 Mung bean noodles, dried, boiled (China) 399 180 18
1747 Non-glutaminous rice flour, served warm with drink 68 100 34
(Yamato Nousan, Japan)
1748 Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan) 91 30 23
1749 Rice gruel with dried algae (Satou Co Ltd., Japan) 81 250 15
1750 Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World, 616 180 23
Bangkok, Thailand)
1751 Rice noodles, fresh, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 404 180 15
1752 Roasted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan) 77 75 21
1753 Salted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan) 80 75 21
1754 Soba noodles, instant, reheated in hot water, 46 180 22
served with soup (Japan)
1755 Sushi, salmon ('I Love Sushi', Sydney, Australia)8 488 100 17
1756 Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan) 55 100 20
1757 Udon noodles, fresh, reheated (Fantastic brand, 628 180 30
Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia)8
1758 Udon noodles, instant, with sauce and fried 48 180 23
bean curd (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)
1759 White rice, dried sea algae and milk, 57 300 27
eaten together (Japan)
1760 White rice, dried sea algae and milk 56 300 26
(milk eaten before rice) (Japan)
1761 White rice, dried sea algae and milk 55 300 26
(milk eaten after rice) (Japan)
mean of three types 56 300 26
1762 White rice with dried fish strip (okaka) (Japan) 79 150 40
1763 White rice with fermented soybean (natto) (Japan) 56 150 24
1764 White rice with instant miso soup 61 150 29
(soybean paste soup) (Japan)
1765 White rice with low-fat milk (Japan) 69 300 32
1766 White rice and non-sugar yoghurt (yoghurt eaten 59 150 19
before rice) (Japan)
1767 White rice and non-sugar yoghurt eaten 58 150 19
together (Japan)
1768 White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber 63 150 27
(pickled food eaten before rice) (Japan)

1769 White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber 61 150 26

(pickled food eaten with rice) (Japan)
1770 White rice topped with raw egg and soy sauce (Japan) 72 150 26
1771 White rice with roasted ground soybean (Japan) 56 150 29
1772 White rice with salted dried plum (umeboshi) (Japan) 80 150 39
1773 White rice with sea algae rolled in sheet of toasted 77 150 39
sea algae (Japan)
ASIAN INDIAN
1774 Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum), eaten as 49 75 (dry) 25
roasted bread made from bajra flour
1775 Banana, (Musa sapientum), Nendra variety, 7011 120 31
unripe, steamed 1 h14
1776 Barley (Hordeum vulgare) 48 150 16
1777 Bengal gram dhal, chickpea 11 150 4
1778 Black gram, (Phaseolus mungo), soaked 12 h, 4310 150 8
stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h14
Chapatti
1779 Chapatti, bajra 49 - 1780 Chapatti, barley 48 - 1781 Chapatti, maize (Zea mays) 59 - 1782 Chapatti, flour from malted wheat, moth bean 669 60 25
(Phaseolus aconitifolius) and bengal gram
(Cicer arietinum)
1783 Chapatti, flour made from popped wheat, moth bean 408 60 14
and bengal gram
1784 Chapatti, flour from roller dried wheat, moth bean 609 60 23
and bengal gram
1785 Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram 443 200 22
(Phaseolus aureus) dhal
Cheela (thin savoury pancake made from legume
flour batter)
1786 Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) 421 150 12
1787 Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), 361 150 10
fermented batter
1788 Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus) 451 150 12
1789 Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus), 381 150 10
fermented batter
1790 Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground, 552 150 22
fermented and fried) with chutney
1791 Green gram, (Phaseolus aureus), soaked 12 h, 3814 150 6
stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h14
1792 Horse gram, (Dolichos biflorus) soaked 12 h, 5111 150 15
stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h14
1793 Idli (parboiled and raw rice with black dhal, soaked, 602 250 31
ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney
1794 Lentil and cauliflower curry with rice (Australia) 6010 360 31
1795 Millet/Ragi, (Eleucine coracana), dehusked, 6810 150 23
soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h14
1796 Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal, 452 250 35
pressure cooked)
1797 Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with 571 150 28
potato palya (mashed potato)
1798 Porridge, made from scoured wheat, consumed with 39 100 23
Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1799 Porridge, made from decorticated finger millet, eaten 65 100 44
with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1800 Porridge, made from popped rice (aralu), consumed 76 100 52
with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1801 Porridge, made from expanded rice (puri), consumed 74 100 47

with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram

1802 Rajmah, Phaseolus vulgaris (India) 19 150 6
1803 Tapioca (Manihot utilissima), steamed 1h14 7010 250 12
1804 Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water) 694 150 28
AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL
1805 Acacia aneura (mulga seed) roasted, 8 50 1
wet ground to paste8
1806 Acacia coriacea, desert oat seed bread8 46 75 11
1807 Araucaria bidwillii (bunya tree nut), baked 10 min8 47 50 7
1808 Bush honey, sugar bag8 43 30 11
1809 Castanospermum austral (blackbean seed), sliced, 8 50 1
soaked 1 wk, pounded and baked8
1810 Dioscorea bulbifera (cheeky yam), peeled, sliced, 34 150 12
soaked 2 d, baked 15 min8
1811 Macrozamia communis (cycad palm seed), sliced, 402 50 10
soaked 1 wk, pounded, baked8
PACIFIC ISLANDERS
1812 Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) (Australia)8 68 120 18
Banana/plantain, green
1813 Green banana, boiled (New Zealand) 3810 120 8
1814 Plantain (Musa AAB) (Fiji) 686 120 21
1815 Roti/chappati (Fiji) 595 60 16
Sweet Potato
1816 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) (Australia) 44 150 11
1817 Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand) 7712 150 19
1818 Tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) (Fiji) 635 150 23
Taro
1819 Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia) 54 150 4
1820 Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) 5612 150 4
1821 Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) 355 150 13
PIMA INDIAN
1822 Acorns (Quercus emoryi, stewed with venison8 161 100 1
1823 Cactus jam (Stenocereus thurberi) 91 30 18
1824 Corn hominy (Zea mays)8 405 150 12
1825 Fruit Leather (Stenocereus thurberi) 70 30 17
1826 Lima beans broth (Phaseolus lunatus)8 363 250 12
1827 Tortilla (Zea mays and Olneya tesota) 38 60 9
1828 White teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius)8 313 250 10
1829 Yellow teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius)8 293 250 8
SOUTH AMERICAN
1830 Arepa, corn bread cake, made with corn flour (Mexico)14 72 100 31
1831 Arepa, made from ordinary dehulled dent corn flour12,31 81 100 35
(25% amylose)
1832 Arepa, made from dehulled high-amylose 44 100 11
(70%) corn flour12,31
1833 Arepa, made from white corn meal flour (Venezuela) 54 100 19
1834 Arepa, made from white corn meal flour, supplemented 60 100 19
with 20% stabilised rice bran (Venezuela)
1835 Corn tortilla (Mexico) 52 50 12
1836 Corn tortilla, served with refried mashed pinto beans 39 100 9
and tomato sauce (Mexico)
1837 Corn tortilla, fried, with mashed potato, fresh tomato 78 100 11
and lettuce (Mexico)
1838 Ground beef served with rice and an orange (Chile) 319 300 24
1839 Lentil soup, pureed consumed with an orange (Chile) 499 300 16
1840 Pinhao, Brazilian Parana Pine seeds (Araucaria 47 50 8

angustifolia) with coat, cooked for 1.5 h

in 1 L of water (Brazil)
1841 Pinhao, without coat, cooked for 1h in 1L of water 43 50 8
(Brazil)
1842 Pinto beans, boiled in salted water (Mexico) 14 150 4
1843 Spaghetti served with beef tomato sauce 427 300 21
and an orange (Chile)
1844 Spaghetti served with pressure-cooked white beans 7714 300 25
and an orange (Chile)
1845 Wheat tortilla (Mexico) 30 50 8
1846 Wheat tortilla served with refried pinto beans and 28 100 5
tomato sauce (Mexico)
WEST INDIAN/CARIBBEAN
1847 Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), peeled, boiled 26 min, 609 120 17
frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
1848 Cassava (Manihot esculenta), peeled, boiled 30 min, 9411 120 36
frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
Dasheen (Colocasia esculenta)
1849 Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, refrigerated, 7710 150 44
reheated for 1 min
1850 Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed, refrigerated, 666 150 38
reheated for 1 min
1851 Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole), 7512 150 43
refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1852 Dasheen, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica) 725 150 19
mean of four foods 732 150 36
1853 Eddoe (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum), 6110 150 21
peeled, boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
Green banana/plantain (Musa sapientum)
1854 Green banana, peeled, boiled 10 min (Jamaica) 375 120 10
1855 Green banana, peeled, fried in vegetable oil (Jamaica) 353 120 11
1856 Green banana/plantain, boiled 23 min, frozen, 6511 120 17
thawed and reheated for 1 min
1857 Green plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled, 394 120 9
boiled 10 min (Jamaica)
1858 Green plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled, fried 403 120 14
in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1859 Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled, 662 120 13
boiled 10 min (Jamaica)
1860 Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled, fried 906 120 26
in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1861 Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled, 718 150 35
boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1862 Irish potato, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed 667 150 33
1863 Irish potato, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole), 6610 150 33
refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
mean of three foods 68 150 34
1864 Sadha roti (leavened wheat-based bread) 659 - 1865 Tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), peeled, 605 150 33
boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1866 Tannia, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed, refrigerated, 525 150 29
reheated for 1 min
1867 Tannia, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole), 508 150 28
refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
mean of three foods 54 150 30
Yam
1868 Coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), peeled, cubed, 615 150 28
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1869 Lucea yam (Dioscorea rotunda), peeled, cubed, 747 150 20

boiled 30 (Jamaica)
1870 Lucea yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal 775 150 29
(Jamaica)
1871 Negro yam (Dioscorea rotundata), peeled, cubed, 734 150 23
boiled 30 (Jamaica)
1872 Negro yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal 736 150 28
(Jamaica)
1873 Round leaf yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis), 683 150 23
peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1874 Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, roasted on preheated 807 150 32
charcoal (Jamaica)
1875 Sweet yam (Dioscorea alata), peeled, cubed, 794 150 20
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1876 Sweet yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal 827 150 32
(Jamaica)
1877 White yam (Dioscorea alata), peeled, boiled 30 min, 626 150 15
refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1878 White yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica) 756 150 24
1879 White yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal 806 150 28
(Jamaica)
Footnotes
1. NS, not specified; AUC, area under the curve. Serving sizes in grams unless o
therwise specified.
2. Mean SEM. Two GI values are shown for each food - one in which glucose sugar
was used as the reference food and one in which white bread was used as the refe
rence food.
3. Estimated by multiplying the food's listed GI value with glucose as the refer
ence food by the listed g carbohydrate per serving and dividing by 100.
4. Sydney University's Glycemic Index Research Service (Human Nutrition Unit, Un
iversity of Sydney, Australia), unpublished observations, 1995-2007.
5. Glycemic Index Laboratories, Inc. (Toronto, Canada), unpublished observations
, 2004 - 2007.
6. International Diabetes Institute (Melbourne, Australia), unpublished observat
ions, 2006 - 2007.
7. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 10 g carbohydrate.
8. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 25 g carbohydrate.
9. GI calculated from the 120 min AUC data included in the original article usin
g the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
10. V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished o
bservations, 1996-2000.
11. GI calculated from the 180 min AUC data included in the original article usi
ng the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
12. GI calculated by using a mathematical formula based on results from an in vi
tro starch hydrolysis assay.
13. White rice was used as the reference food, but glucose was also tested and h
ad a GI of 122. The observed GI was multiplied by 100 and then divided by 122 to
convert it to a GI on the glucose scale (ie, glucose = reference food with a GI
of 100).
14. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 75 g carbohydrate
.
15. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 100 g carbohydrat
e.
16. B Spratt (George Westons Foods, Australia), unpublished observations, 2007.
17. Values based on 0.5 g carbohydrate/kg body weight.
18. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 70 g carbohydrate
.

19. Glycemic Index Symbol Program: http://www.gisymbol.com.au; Accessed 30 Augus

t 2007.
20. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 180
min for only 4 time points (0, 60, 120 and 180 min).
21. J Dzieniszewski, J Ciok (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland), unp
ublished observations, 1996-2001.
22. J Brand-Miller, S Holt (University of Sydney, Australia), and V Lang (Danone
Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 20002001.
23. C Dalaudier (Nairn's Oatcakes Ltd, Scotland), unpublished observations, 2007
.
24. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 30 g carbohydrate
.
25. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 20 g carbohydrate
.
26. Potato used as the reference food with a GI fixed at 80. The GI of the test
food was calculated by expressing the test food's glucose AUC value as a percent
age of the potato's AUC value.
27. GI calculated from the 90 min AUC data included in the original article usin
g the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
28. GI calculated from the 150 min AUC data included in the original article usi
ng the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
29. GI included in original article determined from AUC measured 120 min for onl
y 4 time points (0, 30, 60 and 120 min).
30. GI included in original article determined from AUC measured 240 min for onl
y 6 time points (0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min).
31. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 45 g carbohydrate
.
32. Ordinary corn flour arepa was used as the reference food.
Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values determined in subjects with im
paired glucose tolerance, small subject numbers or values showing wide variabili
ty: 2008
Food Number and Item GI2 Serve GL3
(Glucose Size per
= 100) g serve
BAKERY PRODUCTS
Cakes
1880 Angel food cake (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada) 67 50 19
1881 Carrot cake, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines) 39 60 9
1882 Pound cake (Sara Lee Canada, Bramalea, Canada) 54 53 15
1883 Sponge cake, plain (Canada) 466 63 17
1884 Croissant (Food City, Toronto, Canada) 67 57 17
1885 Crumpet (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., 69 50 13
Etobicoke, Canada)
1886 Doughnut, cake type (Loblaw's, Canada) 76 47 17
1887 Flan cake (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) 65 70 31
Muffins
1888 Blueberry muffin (Culinar Inc., Canada) 59 57 17
1889 Bran muffin (Culinar Inc., Grandma Martin's Muffins, 60 57 14
Aurora, Canada)
1890 Carrot muffin (Culinar Inc., Canada) 62 57 20
1891 Corn muffin, low-amylose4 102 57 30
1892 Corn muffin, high-amylose4 49 57 14
1893 Oatmeal, muffin, made from mix (Quaker Oats Co. 69 50 24
of Canada, Peterborough, Canada)
Pancakes
1894 Pancakes, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines) 51 80 11
1895 Pan de sal (sweet bread roll), containing coconut 68 80 24

flour (Philippines)
1896 Pastry (Canada) 596 57 15
1897 Waffles, Aunt Jemima (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada) 76 35 10
BEVERAGES
1898 Lucozade, original (sparkling glucose drink) 9510 250 mL 40
(Glaxo Wellcome Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK)
Sports drinks
1899 Allsport, orange (PepsiCo Inc., Somers, NY, USA) 534 250 mL 11
1900 Cytomax, orange (Cytosport, Concordia, CA, USA) 627 250 mL 7
1901 Gatorade, orange flavor, US formula 8912 250 mL 13
(Gatorade, Chicago, IL, USA)
1902 GatorLode, orange flavor 1009 250 mL 51
(Gatorade, Chicago, IL, USA)
1903 Poweraid, orange (Coca-Cola Company, 655 250 mL 13
Atlanta, GA, USA)
1904 XLR8, orange flavor (Softpac Industries Inc., 687 250 mL 9
Plymouth, Minn, USA)
BREADS
1905 Bagel, white, frozen (Lender's Bakery, Montreal, Canada) 72 70 25
Baguette, white
1906 Baguette, white, plain (France) 9515 30 14
1907 Classic French baguette (prepared with wheat flour, 836 30 15
ascorbic acid, water, salt & 50 g yeast) (France)
1908 Classic French baguette (prepared with wheat flour, 7817 30 14
ascorbic acid, water, salt & 50 g yeast) (France)
1909 French bread, fermented with leaven (France) 8018 30 13
1910 French bread, fermented with yeast (France) 8135 30 13
1911 Traditional French baguette (prepared with wheat 695 30 12
flour, water, salt and 20 g yeast) (France)
1912 Bread stuffing, Paxo (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., 74 30 16
Toronto, Canada)
Barley Breads
1913 Coarse barley kernel bread, 75% kernels 27 30 5
1914 Barley kernel bread, 50% kernels (Canada) 43 30 9
1915 Barley flour bread, 100% barley flour (Canada) 67 30 9
1916 Hamburger bun (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada) 61 30 9
1917 Kaiser rolls (Loblaw's, Canada) 73 30 12
1918 Melba toast, Old London (Best Foods Canada Inc., 70 30 16
Etobicoke, Canada)
Gluten-free bread
1919 Gluten-free white bread, unsliced 71 30 11
(gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)
1920 Gluten-free white bread, sliced 80 30 12
(gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)
1921 Gluten-free fiber-enriched, unsliced (gluten-free 69 30 9
wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)
1922 Gluten-free fiber-enriched, sliced (gluten-free 76 30 10
wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)
Rye kernel (pumpernickel) bread
1923 Rye kernel bread (Pumpernickel) (Canada) 41 30 5
1924 Wholegrain pumpernickel (Holtzheuser Brothers Ltd., 46 30 5
Toronto, Canada)
1925 Wholemeal rye bread (75% rye flour with 25% cracked 54 30 7
rye grains) (Schilstad bread, Aarhus, Denmark)
1926 Rye kernel bread, Pumpernickel (80% kernels) (Canada) 55 30 7
1927 Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, 55 30 7
Toronto, Canada)
1928 Pumpernickel bread (Canada) 56 30 7

1929 Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food

mean of seven studies 533 30 6
Wholemeal rye bread
1930 Wholemeal rye bread (Canada) 41
1931 Wholemeal rye bread (Canada) 62
1932 Wholemeal rye bread (Canada) 63
1933 Wholemeal rye bread (Canada) 66

Products, Canada) 62 30 8
30
30
30
30

6
9
9
9

mean of four studies 586 30 8

Specialty rye breads
1934 Brgen Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 746 30 7
1935 Klosterbrot wholemeal rye bread 67 30 9
(Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)
1936 Light rye (Silverstein's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) 68 30 10
1937 Linseed rye (Rudolph's Specialty Bakery Ltd., 55 30 7
Toronto, Canada)
1938 Sourdough rye (Canada) 57 30 7
1939 Volkornbrot, wholemeal rye bread 56 30 7
(Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)
Wheat Breads
Cracked wheat kernel (bulgur) bread
1940 50% cracked wheat kernel (Canada) 58 30 12
1941 75% cracked wheat kernels (Canada) 48 30 10
White wheat flour bread
1942 White flour (USA)5 70 30 10
1943 White flour (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada) 71 30 10
1944 White flour (Canada) 71 30 10
1945 White flour (Israel) 785 30 12
mean of four studies 732 30 10
1946 White wheat flour bread, hard, toasted (Italy) 73 30 11
1947 White Turkish bread (Turkey) 87 30 15
White bread, fiber-enriched
1948 White, high-fiber (Dempster's Corporate 67 30 9
Foods Ltd., Canada)
1949 White, high-fiber (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) 69 30 9
White bread with enzyme inhibitors
1950 White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico) 18 30 3
1951 White bread roll + 3 mg trestatin (pancreatic 48 30 6
alpha-amylase inhibitor) (Switzerland)6,7
1952 White bread roll + 6 mg trestatin (Switzerland)6,7 29 30 3
White bread with soluble fiber
1953 White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) 41 30 7
(Mexico)
White bread with Sunfibre (Cyamoposis
tetragonolobus) (Indian cluster guar beans)
1954 White bread with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 53 30 8
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
1955 White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 49 30 8
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
1956 White bread with 10 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 47 30 8
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
1957 White bread with 15 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 37 30 6
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
1958 White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 2 39 30 6
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan), viscosity 2
White bread consumed with fiber drink
1959 White bread consumed with 5 g Sunfibre (Taiyo 46 - Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250 mL water
1960 White bread consumed with 10 g Sunfibre (Taiyo 41 - Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250 mL water

1961 White bread consumed with 10 g insoluble dextrin 48 - (Matsutani Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Japan)
in 250 mL water
1962 White bread with 10 g inulin (Orafti, Tienen, Belgium) 46 - in 250 mL water
Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
1963 Wholemeal flour (Canada)3 52 30 6
1964 Wholemeal flour (Canada) 64 30 8
1965 Wholemeal flour (Canada) 65 30 8
1966 Wholemeal flour (Canada) 67 30 8
1967 Wholemeal flour (Canada) 67 30 8
1968 Wholemeal flour (Canada) 69 30 8
1969 Wholemeal flour (Canada) 69 30 8
1970 Wholemeal flour (Canada) 71 30 9
1971 Wholemeal flour (Denmark)6,7 71 30 10
1972 Wholemeal flour (USA)4 73 30 10
1973 Wholemeal flour (Kenya) 87 30 11
mean of eleven studies 69 2 30 9
1974 Wholemeal Turkish bread 49 30 8
Specialty wheat breads
1975 Brgen Mixed Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, 696 30 8
Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
1976 MolenbergTM (Goodman Fielder, New Zealand) 848 30 12
1977 Multigrain loaf, containing coconut flour (Philippines) 65 30 8
1978 Semolina bread (Kenya)5 64 - 1979 Whole-wheat snack bread (Ryvita Co Ltd., 74 30 16
Poole, Dorset, UK)
1980 Middle Eastern flatbread 9729 30 15
1981 Pita bread, white (Canada) 57 30 10
1982 Pita bread, white (Sainsbury's, UK) 6716 30 10
1983 Pita bread, white (Value, UK) 6920 30 10
1984 Wheat flour flatbread (India) 669 30 11
1985 Amaranth : wheat (25:75) flour flatbread (India) 6610 30 10
1986 Amaranth : wheat (50:50) flour flatbread (India) 7620 30 11
BREAKFAST CEREALS
1987 All-BranTM, high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal 50 30 12
(Kellogg's Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)
1988 Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped, 9719 30 18
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
1989 Bran BudsTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)9 58 30 7
1990 Bran Buds with psyllium (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)9 47 30 6
1991 Bran ChexTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Toronto, Canada)9 58 30 11
1992 CheeriosTM (General Mills Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)9 74 30 15
1993 Corn BranTM (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada, 75 30 15
Peterborough, Canada)9
1994 Corn ChexTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9 83 30 21
CornflakesTM
1995 CornflakesTM (Kellogg's, Auckland, New Zealand) 7216 30 18
1996 CornflakesTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 86 30 22
1997 CornflakesTM (Kellogg's, USA)4 92 30 24
1998 Cornflakes (Kellogg's, France) 9316 30 25
1999 Cornflakes (Kellogg's, MI, USA) 13233 30 33
mean of five studies 9510 30 25
2000 Cornflakes, high-fiber (Presidents Choice, 74 30 17
Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada)9
2001 Cream of WheatTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9 66 250 17
2002 Cream of WheatTM, Instant 74 250 22
(Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9
2003 CrispixTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)9 87 30 22

2004 Fruitful LiteTM (Hubbards, Auckland, New Zealand) 30 12

2005 Golden GrahamsTM (General Mills Inc., Canada)9 71 30 18
2006 GrapenutsTM (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Canada)9 67 30 13
2007 GrapenutsTM Flakes (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., 80 30 17
Canada)9
2008 LifeTM (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)9 66 30 17
2009 Muesli, No Name (Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada)9 60 30 11
Oat bran
2010 Oat bran, raw (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)9 50 10 2
2011 Oat bran, raw 59 10 3
2012 Oat Bran (Quaker Oats Co, Peterborough, ON, Canada) 60 10 4
mean of three studies 56 10 3
2013 Oat bran crisp (Natureal GI-crisp, Finn Cereal, 79 30 10
Vantaa, Finland)10,11
2014 Oat bran flour (Natureal GI-flour, Finn Cereal, 40 30 2
Vantaa, Finland), consumed mixed with cold water10,11
Porridge made from rolled oats
2015 Porridge (Canada) 62 250 14
2016 Porridge (Canada) 69 250 16
2017 Porridge (USA)4 75 250 17
mean of three studies 69 250 16
Instant Porridge
2018 Quick Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 65 250 17
2019 One Minute Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)9 66 250 17
2020 Pro StarsTM (General Mills Inc., Canada)9 71 30 17
2021 Puffed Wheat (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)9 67 30 13
2022 Red River Cereal (Maple Leaf Mills, Toronto, Canada)9 49 30 11
2023 Rice ChexTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9 89 30 23
2024 Rice KrispiesTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)9 82 30 22
2025 Shredded WheatTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9 83 30 17
2026 Sultana Bran (Healthy Living, UK) 9017 30 15
2027 TeamTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9 82 30 18
2028 Thank GoodnessTM (Hubbards, New Zealand) 6518 30 15
2029 TotalTM (General Mills Inc., Canada)99 76 30 17
2030 Wheat flakes, enriched with extruded oat-bran 36 30 6
concentrate (8.1% -glucan) (Canada)
2031 WeetabixTM, plain flaked wheat biscuits 74 30 16
(Weetabix of Canada Ltd., Thornhill, Canada)9
2032 Juicy cereal bar (stavnata tycinka FIT, Usovsko, 8516 30 17
Czech Republic)
2033 Wheat flake bar, containing frutcose and extruded 30 30 5
oat bran concentrate (6.5% -glucan) (Canada)
CEREAL GRAINS
Amaranth
2034 Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped, 9719 30 21
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
Barley
Pearl Barley
2035 Barley, pearled (Canada) 22 150 9
2036 Barley (Canada) 22 150 9
2037 Barley (Canada) 27 150 11
2038 Barley, pearled (Canada) 29 150 12
mean of four studies 252 150 11
2039 Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India) 37 150 16
2040 Barley, cracked (Malthouth, Tunisia) 50 150 21
Buckwheat
2041 Buckwheat (Canada) 49 150 15
2042 Buckwheat (Canada) 5110 150 15
2043 Buckwheat (Canada) 63 150 19

mean of three studies 54 150 16

Corn/Maize
2044 Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya) 109 - Cornmeal
2045 Cornmeal, boiled in salted water 2 min 68 150 9
(McNair Products Co. Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2046 Cornmeal + margarine 69 150 8
(McNair Products Co. Ltd., Canada)
Sweet corn
2047 Sweet corn, cooked (Israel) 527 150 17
2048 Sweet corn (Canada) 5911 150 19
2049 Sweet corn (USA)5 60 150 20
mean of three studies 57 150 19
2050 Sweet corn, whole kernel, canned, diet-pack, drained 46 150 13
(Featherweight, USA)5
2051 Sweet corn, frozen, reheated in microwave 47 150 16
(Green Giant Pillsbury Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2052 Taco shells, cornmeal-based, baked (Old El Paso 68 20 8
Foods Co., Toronto, Canada)
Couscous
2053 Couscous, boiled 5 min (Near East Food Products Co., 61 150 21
Leominster, MA, USA)
2054 Couscous, boiled 5 min (Tunisia) 69 150 23
Millet
2055 Millet, boiled (Canada) 7110 150 26
2056 Millet flour porridge (Kenya) 107 - Rice, white
2057 White (Oryza sativa), boiled (India) 6915 150 30
Rice, boiled white, type NS
2058 Type NS, boiled (France) 43 150 13
2059 Type NS, eaten alone (France) 45 150 14
2060 Type NS, boiled (France) 47 150 14
2061 Type NS (Canada) 51 150 21
2062 Type NS (France) 52 150 19
2063 Type NS (Canada) 56 150 23
2064 Type NS (Pakistan) 69 150 26
2065 Type NS (Kenya) 112 150 47
mean of eight studies 598 150 21
Long grain, boiled
2066 Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada) 41 150 16
2067 Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Toronto, Canada) 55 150 22
2068 Long grain, boiled 25 min (Surinam) 562 150 24
2069 Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada) 57 150 23
2070 Long grain, boiled 15 min 58 150 23
2071 Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada) 60 150 24
2072 Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada) 60 150 24
2073 Long grain, nonglutinous (non waxy) rice variety 71 150 29
RD 21/23 (low amylose), boiled (Thailand)
mean of eight studies 573 150 23
Rice, specialty rices
2074 Cajun Style, Uncle Ben's (Effem Foods Ltd., 51 150 19
Bolton, Canada)
2075 Garden Style, Uncle Ben's 55 150 20
(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2076 Glutinous (waxy) rice, low-amylose, boiled (Thailand) 75 - 2077 Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's 54 150 20
(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2078 Mexican Fast and Fancy, Uncle Ben's 58 150 21
(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2079 Saskatchewan wild rice (Canada) 57 150 18

Rice, white low-amylose

2080 White, low-amylose, boiled (Turkey) 17 150 7
Rice, white high-amylose
2081 Bangladeshi rice variety BR16 (28% amylose) 37 150 14
2082 Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, white, long-grain 39 150 15
(27% amylose), boiled 17.5 min
Japonica rice enriched with Sunfibre
(Cyamoposis tetragonolobus) (soluble fiber)
2083 Japonica rice with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 54 150 22
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
2084 Japonica rice with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1 54 150 22
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
Milled, white, high amylose rice
2085 Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice, 61 150 26
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
2086 Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice, 59 150 25
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
2087 Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice, 61 150 26
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
Rice, brown
2088 Brown (Oryza Sativa), boiled (South India)6 5019 150 17
2089 Brown, high amylose (IR42) rice, boiled 30 min 39 150 16
(Philippines)
Instant/puffed rice
2090 Instant rice, white, boiled 1 min (Canada) 46 150 19
Parboiled rice
2091 Parboiled rice (Canada) 48 150 17
2092 Parboiled rice (USA)5 72 150 26
2093 Converted, white, Uncle Ben's 45 150 16
(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)5
2094 Converted, white, long grain, boiled 20-30 min, 50 150 18
Uncle Ben's (Masterfoods USA)
2095 Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)4 39 150 14
2096 Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 42 150 15
2097 Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 43 150 15
2098 Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 46 150 17
2099 Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada) 38 150 14
2100 Long grain, boiled, 10 min (USA)4 61 150 22
2101 Long grain, boiled 15 min (Canada) 47 150 17
2102 Long grain, boiled 25 min (Canada) 46 150 17
mean of twelve studies 483 150 17
2103 Parboiled rice, eaten as part of a traditional 99 - Indian meal (India)6
Parboiled, low-amylose
2104 Bangladeshi rice variety BR2, parboiled 51 150 19
(12% amylose)
Parboiled, high-amylose
2105 Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, parboiled 35 150 13
(28% amylose)
2106 Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, traditionally parboiled 32 150 12
(27% amylose)
2107 Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, pressure parboiled 27 150 11
(27% amylose)
2108 Bangladeshi rice variety BR4, parboiled 33 150 13
(27% amylose)
mean of four studies 322 150 12
Rye, whole kernels
2109 Rye, whole kernels (Canada) 29 50 (dry) 11
2110 Rye, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 34 50 (dry) 13
30 min in 2 L water (Canada)

2111 Rye, whole kernels (Canada) 39 50 (dry) 15

mean of three studies 34 50 (dry) 13
Wheat
Wheat, whole kernels
2112 Wheat, whole kernels (Canada) 42 50 (dry) 14
2113 Wheat, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 44 50 (dry) 14
30 min in 2 L water (Canada)
2114 Wheat, whole kernels (Canada) 48 50 (dry) 16
mean of three studies 45 50 (dry) 15
2115 Wheat, type NS (India)11 63 50 (dry) 24
2116 Wheat, type NS (India)6 90 50 (dry) 34
Semolina
2117 Semolina, roasted at 105oC then gelatinised 559 150 6
with water (India)
2118 Semolina, steamed and gelatinised (India) 5413 150 6
Cracked wheat (bulgur/bourghul)
2119 Bulgur, boiled (Canada) 46 150 12
2120 Bulgur, boiled in 800 mL water 20 min (Canada) 46 150 12
2121 Bulgur, boiled (Canada) 46 150 12
2122 Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada) 46 150 12
2123 Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada) 53 150 14
mean of five studies 471 150 12
COOKIES
Arrowroot
2124 Arrowroot (McCormicks's, Interbare Foods, 63 25 13
Toronto, Canada)
2125 Arrowroot plus (McCormicks's, Canada) 62 25 11
2126 Chocolate chip cookies, containing coconut flour 50 25 8
(Philippines)
Digestives
2127 Digestives (Canada) 55 25 9
2128 Digestives, Peak Freans (Nabisco Ltd., 62 25 9
Toronto, Canada)
2129 Digestives, gluten-free (maize starch) (Nutricia 58 25 10
Dietary Care Ltd., Redish, Stockport, UK)
2130 Golden Fruit (Griffin's Foods Ltd., 7725 25 13
Auckland, New Zealand)
2131 Graham Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., 74 25 13
Toronto, Canada)
2132 Highland Oatcakes (Walker's Shortbread Ltd., 57 25 8
Aberlour-on-Spey, Scotland)
2133 Macaroons, prepared with coconut flour 33 30 6
(Philippines)
2134 Oro (Saiwa, Italy) 6717 40 21
2135 Vanilla Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada) 77 25 14
CRACKERS
2136 Breton wheat crackers (Dare Foods Ltd., 67 25 9
Kitchener, Canada)
Rye crispbread
2137 Rye crispbread (Canada) 63 25 10
2138 Rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., UK) 63 25 11
2139 High-fiber rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., 59 25 9
Poole, Dorset, UK)
2140 Premium Soda Crackers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada) 74 25 12
2141 Stoned Wheat Thins (Christie Brown & Co., Canada) 67 25 11
DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
Ice cream, Regular/NS

2142 Ice cream, NS (Canada) 368 50 5

2143 Ice cream, NS (USA)15 62 50 7
2144 Ice cream, chocolate flavored (USA) 6815 50 10
2145 Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)16 80 50 10
mean of four studies 629 50 8
Milk, full-fat
2146 Full-fat (Italy)16 24 250 mL 3
2147 Full-fat (USA)15 40 250 mL 4
2148 Milk, Full-fat + 20 g wheat bran (Italy)16 25 250 mL 3
2149 Probiotic drink, pink grapefruit (UK)4 6018 250 mL 20
Yoghurt
2150 Yoghurt, type NS (Canada) 364 200 3
2151 Yoghurt, Strawberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)4 4516 200 5
2152 Yoghurt, low-fat, toffee (UK)4 5118 200 15
Soy-based dairy product alternatives
2153 Tofu-based frozen dessert, chocolate with 11514 50 10
high-fructose (24%) corn syrup (USA)
FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
Apples, raw
2154 Apple, NS (Denmark) 28 120 4
2155 Apple, Braeburn (New Zealand)4 324 120 4
2156 Apple, NS (Canada) 34 120 5
2157 Apple, NS (USA)15 40 120 6
2158 Apple, NS (Italy) 44 120 6
mean of five studies 363 120 5
Apricots
2159 Apricots, raw, NS (Italy) 57 120 5
2160 Apricots, canned in light syrup (Riviera, Aliments 64 120 12
Caneast Foods, Montreal, Canada)
2161 Apricots, dried (Wasco foods, Montreal, Canada) 32 60 10
Banana, raw
2162 Banana (Canada) 46 120 12
2163 Banana (Israel) 496 120 12
2164 Banana (Italy) 58 120 13
2165 Banana (Canada) 58 120 15
2166 Banana, ripe (all yellow) (USA)15 51 120 13
2167 Banana, under-ripe (Denmark)7,17 30 120 6
2168 Banana, slightly under-ripe 42 120 11
(yellow with green sections) (USA)15
2169 Banana, over-ripe (yellow flecked with brown) (USA)15 48 120 12
2170 Banana, over-ripe (Denmark)7,17 52 120 11
mean of nine studies 483 120 11
2171 Cherries, raw, sour (Canada) 22 120 3
2172 Chico (Zapota zapotilla coville), raw (Philippines)4 40 120 12
2173 Dates, dried (Australia) 10321 60 42
2174 Dates, NS type (Israel) 624 60 21
2175 Fruit Cocktail, canned (Delmonte Canadian 55 120 9
Canners Ltd., Hamilton, Canada)
2176 Grapefruit, raw (Canada) 25 120 3
Grapes, raw
2177 Grapes, NS (Canada) 43 120 7
2178 Grapes, NS (Italy) 49 120 9
2179 Kiwi fruit, Hayward (New Zealand)4 474 120 6
Mango, raw
2180 Mango (Mangifera indica) (Philippines)4 41 120 8
2181 Mango, ripe (Mangifera indica) (India)6 6016 120 9
Oranges, raw
2182 Oranges, NS (Denmark) 31 120 3
2183 Orange, NS (Israel) 475 120 6

2184 Oranges, NS (Italy) 48 120 5

2185 Oranges (Sunkist, Van Nuys, CA, USA) 48 120 5
2186 Oranges NS (Canada) 51 120 6
mean of five studies 454 120 5
Papaya/Paw paw, raw
2187 Papaya/Paw paw, raw (Carica papaya) (Philippines)4 60 120 9
2188 Paw paw (papaya), ripe (India)6 6016 120 17
Peach, raw
2189 Peach, raw (Canada) 28 120 4
2190 Peach, raw (Italy) 56 120 5
2191 Peach, canned in light syrup (Delmonte, 52 120 9
Canadian Canners Ltd., Canada)
Pear, raw
2192 Pear, raw, NS (Canada) 33 120 4
2193 Pear, Winter Nellis, raw (New Zealand)4 344 120 4
2194 Pear, Bartlett, raw (Canada) 41 120 3
2195 Pear, raw, NS (Italy) 42 120 5
mean of four studies 382 120 4
2196 Pear, canned in pear juice, Bartlett (Delmonte, 44 120 5
Canadian Canners Ltd., Canada)
2197 Pineapple (Ananas comosus), raw (Philippines)4 51 120 8
Plum, raw
2198 Plum, raw, NS (Canada) 24 120 3
2199 Plum, raw, NS (Italy) 53 120 6
2200 Raisins (Israel) 666 60 28
FRUIT JUICES
Apple juice
2201 Apple juice, unsweetened (USA)15 41 250 mL 12
2202 Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada) 41 250 mL 12
2203 Grapefruit juice, unsweetened 48 250 mL 9
(Sunpac, Toronto, Canada)
2204 Orange juice, reconstituted from 576 250 mL 15
frozen concentrate (USA)15
2205 Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged 46 250 mL 15
Foods, Toronto, Canada)
LEGUMES AND NUTS
2206 Baked beans, canned haricot/navy beans 56 150 9
in tomato sauce (Libby, McNeill & Libby,
Chatham, Canada)
2207 Beans, dried, boiled, type NS (Italy)16 20 150 6
2208 Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), boiled (Canada) 50 150 15
Butter Beans
2209 Butter beans, dried, soaked, cooked 1.25 h 298 150 6
(South Africa)
2210 Butter beans, dried, boiled + 5 g sucrose 302 150 6
(South Africa)
2211 Butter beans, dried, boiled + 10 g sucrose 312 150 6
(South Africa)
2212 Butter beans, dried, boiled + 15 g sucrose 544 150 11
(South Africa)
Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled
2213 Chickpeas, dried, boiled (Canada) 31 150 9
2214 Chickpeas (Canada) 33 150 10
2215 Chickpeas, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo 42 150 9
Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2216 Chickpeas, curry, canned (Canasia Foods Ltd., 41 150 7
Scarborough, Canada)
Haricot/Navy beans

2217 Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at 15 psi 29 150 9

for 25 min (King Grains, Toronto, Canada)
2218 Haricot/Navy beans, dried, boiled (Canada) 30 150 9
2219 Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at15 psi 59 150 19
for 25 min (King Grains, Canada)
mean of three studies 39 150 12
Kidney Beans
2220 Kidney beans (USA)4 23 150 6
2221 Kidney beans, dried, boiled (France) 231 150 6
2222 Kidney beans, dried, boiled (Canada) 42 150 10
2223 Kidney beans (Canada) 46 150 11
mean of four studies 346 150 9
2224 Kidney beans, canned (Lancia-Bravo 52 150 9
Foods Ltd., Canada)
Lentils
2225 Lentils, type NS (USA)4 28 150 5
Lentils, green
2226 Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Canada) 22 150 4
2227 Lentils, green, dried, boiled (France) 3015 150 5
2228 Lentils, green, canned in brine 52 150 9
(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
Lentils, red
2229 Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) 18 150 3
2230 Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) 21 150 4
2231 Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) 31 150 6
2232 Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) 32 150 6
mean of four studies 264 150 5
2233 Lima beans, baby, frozen, reheated in microwave 32 150 10
oven (York, Canada Packers, Toronto, Canada)
2234 Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (USA)4 31 150 6
2235 Peas, dried, boiled (Australia) 22 150 2
Pinto beans
2236 Pinto beans, dried, boiled (Canada) 39 150 10
2237 Pinto beans, canned in brine 45 150 10
(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2238 Romano beans (Canada) 46 150 8
2239 Split peas, yellow, boiled 20 min 32 150 6
(Nupack, Mississauga, Canada)
MEAL REPLACEMENT & WEIGHT
MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS
2240 Boost, vanilla flavor (Mead Johnson, 534 250 mL 23
Evansville, Ind, USA)
2241 Boost High-Protein, vanilla flavor (Mead Johnson, 599 250 mL 21
Evansville, Ind, USA)
2242 Chocolate soya weight management drink (UK)16 7317 250 mL 26
2243 GatorPro, chocolate flavor (Gatorade, 898 250 mL 40
Chicago, IL, USA)
2244 Met-RX , vanilla (Met-RX substrate 5816 250 mL 6
Technology Inc., Irvine, CA, USA)
2245 Optifuel (Twin Laboratories Inc, 788 250 mL 27
Ronkonkowa, NY, USA)
MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
2246 Fish Fingers (Canada) 386 100 7
2247 Kugel (Polish dish containing egg noodles, sugar, 656 150 31
cheese and raisins) (Israel)
Pizza
2248 Pizza, cheese (Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 60 100 16
2249 Pizza, plain baked dough, served with parmesan 80 100 22

cheese and tomato sauce (Italy)

2250 Sausages, NS type (Canada) 286 100 1
2251 Stirfried vegetables with chicken and boiled 7317 360 55
white rice, home made (Australia)
2252 White boiled rice, grilled beefburger, 27 440 14
cheese, and butter (France)
2253 White boiled rice, grilled beefburger, 22 440 11
cheese and butter (France)
White bread with accompaniments
2254 Classic French Baguette with 10 g butter and 5916 100 25
2 slices of ham (25 g) (France)
2255 White bread with butter (Canada) 59 100 28
2256 White bread with Haricot/navy beans (Canada) 42 100 12
2257 White bread with Haricot/navy beans (Canada) 54 100 16
2258 White bread with butter and skim milk cheese 62 100 23
(Canada)
2259 White bread with skim milk cheese (Canada) 55 100 26
2260 White/wholemeal wheat bread with 51 100 23
peanut butter (Canada)
2261 White/wholemeal wheat bread with 67 100 29
peanut butter (Canada)
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
2262 Biosorb drink, standard (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)4 5016 250 mL 15
2263 EnsureTM, vanilla flavor (Abbott Laboratories, 7510 250 mL 33
Columbus, Ohio, USA)
2264 Nutridrink enteral formula 6119 250 mL 28
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)4
2265 Nutridrink Multi Fibre enteral formula 5319 250 mL 24
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)4
NUTS
Peanuts
2266 Peanuts (Canada)4 136 50 1
2267 Peanuts (Mexico)4 23 50 2
PASTA and NOODLES
2268 Capellini (Primo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 45 180 20
2269 Instant noodles (Mr Noodle, Vancouver, Canada) 47 180 19
Mung bean noodles
2270 Lungkow beanthread noodles (National Cereals, 26 180 12
Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)
2271 Mung bean noodles, boiled (Thailand) 45 180 20
2272 Imitation mung bean noodles, boiled (Thailand) 51 - Macaroni
2273 Macaroni, plain, boiled 5 min 45 180 22
(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2274 Macaroni, plain, boiled (Turkey) 48 180 23
2275 Macaroni, boiled (Italy)7 56 180 27
mean of three studies 50 180 24
2276 Macaroni and Cheese, boxed (Kraft General 64 180 33
Foods Inc., Don Mills, Ontario, Canada)
Rice noodles/pasta
2277 Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose) 45 - rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
2278 Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose) 46 - rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
2279 Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, 58 180 23
Oils & Foodstuffs, China)
Spaghetti

2280 Spaghetti, homemade, durum wheat, 59 180 28

no monoglyceride, boiled 6 min (Denmark)
2281 Spaghetti, protein enriched, boiled 7 min 27 180 14
(Catelli Plus, Catelli Ltd., Montreal, Canada)
Spaghetti, white, boiled 5 min
2282 Boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 32 180 15
2283 Boiled 5 min (Canada) 34 180 16
2284 Boiled 5 min (Canada) 40 180 19
2285 Boiled 5 min (Middle East) 44 180 21
mean of four studies 383 180 18
Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10-15 min
2286 White, durum wheat, boiled 12 min (Denmark) 34 180 16
2287 Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 32 180 15
2288 Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 36 180 17
2289 Boiled 15 min (Canada) 41 180 20
mean of four studies 362 180 17
2290 Spaghetti, Durum wheat, boiled 20 min (USA) 6415 180 27
Spaghetti, white, boiled
2291 White (Denmark) 33 180 16
2292 White, durum wheat (Catelli Ltd, Montreal, Canada)5 34 180 16
2293 White (Australia)5 38 180 17
2294 White (Israel) 427 180 20
2295 White (Canada) 42 180 20
2296 White (Italy) 42 180 19
2297 White (Canada) 45 180 22
2298 White (Canada) 48 180 23
mean of eight studies 412 180 19
2299 Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled (Australia)5 32 180 14
2300 Star Pastina, white, boiled 5 min 38 180 18
(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2301 Tortellini, cheese (Stouffer, Nestl, Don Mills, Canada) 50 180 10
2302 Wheat (egg) noodles, boiled (Thailand) 57 - SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
2303 Brownies, containing coconut flour (Philippines) 43 50 12
2304 Burger RingsTM, barbeque-flavored (Smith's Snack 9016 50 28
Food Co, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
2305 Chocolate crinkles, containing coconut flour 54 50 12
(Philippines)
2306 Chocolate, milk, plain, low-sugar 3516 50 8
with maltitol (Belgium)4
2307 Corn chips, NachipsTM 74 50 21
(Old El Paso Foods Co., Canada)
2308 Granola bar, containing coconut flour (Philippines) 50 50 10
2309 Juicy cereal bar (Stavnata Tycinka FIT, 8516 30 17
Usovsko, Czech Republic)
SPORTS (ENERGY) BARS
2310 Clif bar, Cookies & Cream flavor 1016 65 49
(Clif Bar Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA)
2311 MET-Rx Bar, vanilla flavor 7412 65 24
(Met-Rx Sibstrate Technology Inc, Irvine, CA, USA)
2312 Power bar, chocolate (Powerfood Inc, 8311 65 37
Berkeley, CA, USA)
2313 PR-bar, Cookies 'N Cream flavor 8112 65 23
(Twin Laboratories Inc, Ronkonkowa, NY, USA)
SOUPS
2314 Black Bean soup (Wil-Pack Foods, 64 250 17
San Pedro, CA, USA)

2315 Green Pea, canned (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., 66 250 27

Toronto, Canada)
2316 Lentil, canned (Unico, Concord, Canada) 44 250 9
2317 Noodle soup (traditional Turkish soup 1 250 0
with stock and noodles)
2318 Split Pea (Wil-Pak Foods, USA) 60 250 16
2319 Tarhana soup (traditional Turkish soup with 20 - wheat flour, yoghurt, tomato, peppers)
2320 Tomato soup (Canada) 389 250 6
SUGARS, SYRUPS, AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS
Fructose
2321 50 g portion 205 10 2
2322 50 g portion 21 10 2
2323 50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, 24 10 2
St. Louis, MO, USA)15
2324 25 g portion, fed with oats19 25 10 2
mean of four studies 231 10 2
Glucose
2325 50 g portion (dextrose)5 85 10 9
2326 25 g portion, fed with oats19 92 10 9
2327 50 g portion5 93 10 9
2328 50 g portion 96 10 10
mean of four studies 922 10 9
Glucose consumed with American ginseng
(Panax quinquefolius L.)
2329 25 g glucose (Glucodex solution, Rougier Inc., 78 10 8
Chambly, Quebec) with 3 g dried ginseng4,11
2330 25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min 80 10 8
after 3 g dried ginseng4,11
2331 100 g Glucose + 20 g cellulose20 1035 10 10
(CSIR Biochemical Unit, New Delhi, India)
Glucose consumed with a mixed meal
2332 30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, 55 250 19
30 g cheese, 10 g butter (total meal contained
50 g carbohydrate) (France)
2333 30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, 57 250 20
30 g cheese, 10 g butter (total meal contained
50 g carbohydrate) (France)
2334 25 g glucose with 30 g oat bran flour (Natureal 80 10 8
GI-flour, Finn Cereal, Vantaa, Finland)4
2335 Locust honey (Romania)4,11 32 25 7
Lactose
2336 50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)15 43 10 4
2337 25 g portion, fed with oats19 48 10 5
Sucrose
2338 50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)15 58 10 6
2339 50 g portion 5910 10 6
2340 50 g portion 60 10 6
2341 25 g portion, fed with oats19 64 10 6
2342 30 g portion16 82 10 8
2343 25 g portion4 11021 10 11
mean of six studies 728 10 7
Sugar alcohols and sugar-replacement compounds GI values based on the assumption that their
carbohydrate is available
2344 Isomalt (Sudzucker AG, Mannheim, Germany)21 21 10 0
2345 Isomaltulose, PalatinoseTM 323 10 3
(Sudzucker AG, Mannheim, Germany)21
Lactitol

2346 25 g lactitol5,22 -17 10 0

2347 25 g lactitol MC (Danisco sweeteners, Surrey, UK)22 31 10 0
Litesse
2348 25 g Litesse II, bulking agent with polydextrose and 72 10 1
sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)22
2349 25 g Litesse III ultra, bulking agent with polydextrose 42 10 0
and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)22
2350 Lycasin HBC, syrup containing 50-55% maltitol, 4710 10 5
5-8% sorbitol and 35-40% hydrogenated
oligo-scaccharides (lab 2212, Roquette, France)21
2351 Lycasin HBC, syrup containing 50-55% maltitol, 256 10 3
5-8% sorbitol and 35-40% hydrogenated
oligo-scaccharides (lab 2212, Roquette, France)21
Maltitol-based sweeteners or bulking agents
2352 Maltitol, 50 g portion (Japan)21 26 10 3
2353 25 g Malbit CR (87% maltitol) (Cerestar, 3012 10 3
Vilvoorde, Belgium)22
2354 25 g Maltidex 100 (> 72% maltitol) 4411 10 4
(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)22
2355 Maltitol and Sucrose mixture (25 g Maltitol + 46 10 5
25 g Sucrose) (Japan)21
2356 25 g Malbit CH (99% maltitol) 7329 10 7
(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)22
2357 25 g Maltidex 200 (50% maltitol) 8928 10 9
(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)22
2358 Tagatose sugar replacement, Gaio 31 10 0
(Arla Foods, Germany)21
Xylitol
2359 25 g xylitol22 77 10 1
2360 25 g Xylitol C (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)22 82 10 1
VEGETABLES
2361 Broad beans (Canada)4 7916 80 9
Green peas
2362 Pea, cooked (Israel) 354 80 5
2363 Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada)4 39 80 3
Sweet corn
2364 Sweet corn, cooked (Israel) 527 150 17
2365 Sweet corn (Canada) 5911 80 11
2366 Sweet corn, boiled (USA)5 60 80 11
mean of three studies 57 80 13
2367 Sweet corn, whole kernel, diet-pack, Featherweight, 46 80 6
canned, drained, heated (USA)5
2368 Sweet corn, frozen, heated in microwave (Green 47 80 7
Giant, Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
Root vegetables
2369 Beetroot (Canada)4 6416 80 4
Carrots
2370 Carrots, raw (Romania)4,11 16 80 1
2371 Carrots, NS (Canada)4 9220 80 6
2372 Carrots, peeled, boiled, ground to smooth paste 6017 80 4
(Australia)
2373 Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya, Africa) 46 100 12
2374 Parsnips (Canada)4 9719 80 12
Potato
Baked potato
2375 Ontario, white, baked in skin (Canada) 60 150 18
Baked, Russet Burbank potatoes
2376 Russet, baked without fat (Canada) 56 150 17
2377 Russet, baked without fat, 45-60 min (USA)5 78 150 23

2378 Russet, baked without fat (USA)5 94 150 28

mean of three studies 76 150 23
Boiled potato
2379 Desiree, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min in 7717 150 13
unsalted water (UK)
2380 Maris Peer potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min 9416 150 27
in unsalted water (UK)
2381 Nardine, boiled (New Zealand) 7017 150 18
2382 Ontario, white, peeled, cut into cubes, boiled in 58 150 16
salted water 15 min (Canada)
2383 Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled in 63 150 11
salted water 15 min (Canada)
Boiled/cooked, white/Type NS
2384 Type NS (Kenya, Africa) 24 150 7
2385 White, cooked (Romania)4,11 41 150 12
2386 Potatoes (Germany) 49 150 15
2387 White, boiled (Canada) 54 150 15
2388 Type NS, boiled 19 min (Denmark) 56 150 11
2389 Potatoes, white (Italy) 61 150 16
2390 Type NS, peeled, boiled (Lebanon) 85 150 26
mean of seven studies 537 150 14
Boiled potato cooked then cooled
2391 Type NS, peeled, boiled and then cooled to 26oC 54 150 16
(Lebanon)
Canned potatoes
2392 Prince Edward Island, canned, heated in microwave 61 150 11
(Avon, Cobi Foods Inc., Port Williams, Canada)
French Fries
2393 French fries, frozen, reheated in microwave 75 150 22
(Cavendish Farms, New Annan, Canada)
Instant Mashed potato
2394 Instant (France) 7412 150 15
2395 Instant (Carnation Foods Co. Ltd., Manitoba, Canada) 86 150 17
2396 Instant (Canada) 88 150 18
2397 Instant (UK) 9516 150 17
mean of four studies 864 150 17
Mashed potato
2398 Type NS (Canada) 67 150 13
2399 Ontario, white, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min, 73 150 20
mashed (Canada)
2400 Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min 73 150 13
mashed (Canada)
mean of three studies 71 150 15
Microwaved potato
2401 Type NS, microwaved (USA)4 82 150 27
New Potato
2402 New (Canada) 47 150 10
2403 New (Canada) 54 150 11
Steamed potato
2404 Potato dumplings (60% white potatoes, 40% white 52 150 23
wheat flour, boiled in salted water), consumed with
olive oil, tomato sauce and parmesan cheese (Italy)
Sweet potato
2405 Sweet potato, NS (Canada) 486 150 16
2406 Sweet potato, peeled, cubed, boiled in salted water 59 150 18
15 min (Canada)
2407 Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand) 786 150 20
mean of three studies 62 150 19
Swede
2408 Swede (rutabaga) (Canada)4 728 150 7

Tapioca
2409 Tapioca boiled with milk (General Mills Canada Inc., 81 250 14
Etobicoke, Canada)
2410 Tapioca, boiled (India)6 932 250 17
Yam
2411 Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) 254 150 9
2412 Yam (Canada) 5112 150 18
INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS
OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS
AFRICAN
2413 Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya) 46 100 12
2414 Ga Kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal 446 150 18
(Zea mays) (Ghana)23
2415 Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima) 493 100 13
(Ghana)23
2416 Green plantain (musa paradisiaca), boiled (Ghana)23 415 120 (raw) 15
2417 Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya) 109 50 (dry) 41
2418 Millet flour porridge/gruel (Kenya) 107 - 2419 White rice (Oryza sativa), boiled (Ghana)23 406 150 17
2420 White yam (Dyscoria species) (Ghana)23 657 150 26
ARABIC AND TURKISH
2421 Kibbeh saynieh (made with lamb and burghul) 6116 120 9
2422 Majadra (Syrian, lentils and rice) 245 250 10
2423 Middle Eastern flatbread 9729 30 16
2424 Moroccan Couscous (stew of semolina, 589 250 17
chickpeas, vegetables)
2425 Tarhana soup (wheat flour, yoghurt, 20 - tomato, green pepper)
2426 Turkish bread, white wheat flour 87 30 15
2427 Turkish bread, whole wheat 49 30 8
2428 Turkish noodle soup 1 250 0
ASIAN
2429 Lungkow beanthread (National Cereals, 26 180 12
Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)
2430 Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, China) 58 180 23
2431 Stirfried vegetables, chicken and rice, 7317 360 55
home made (Australia)
ASIAN INDIAN
2432 Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum), popped, 9719 30 18
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener
2433 Appam (thin pancake made from fermented 904 250 58
rice flour batter with tender coconut)
eaten with Bengal gram curry6
2434 Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum), eaten as 5513 75 (dry) 28
roasted bread made from bajra flour
2435 Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum) 67 75 (dry) 34
2436 Barley (Hordeum vulgare) 37 150 14
Chapatti
2437 Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (25:75) composite flour, 6610 60 20
served with bottle gourd and tomato curry
2438 Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (50:50) composite flour, 7620 60 23
served with bottle gourd amd tomato curry
2439 Chapatti, baisen (Pakistan) 27 165 - 2440 Chapatti, bajra (Pennisetum typhoideum) 67 - 2441 Chapatti, barley 37 - 2442 Chapatti, maize (Zea mays) 64 - -

2443 Chapatti, wheat, served with bottle gourd 669 60 21

and tomato curry
2444 Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram 814 200 41
(Phaseolus aureus) dhal
2445 Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake; 354 100 7
dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina
2446 Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake; 316 150 9
dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina
2447 Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground, 773 150 30
fermented and fried) with chutney
2448 Green gram, whole with varagu 576 80 (dry) 29
(Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked
2449 Green gram dhal with varagu, pressure cooked 7812 78 (dry) 39
2450 Idiappam (steamed rice flour dough with 864 250 52
tender coconut) eaten with Bengal gram curry6
2451 Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked, 772 250 40
ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney
2452 Jowar, roasted bread made from Jowar flour 778 70 (dry) 39
(Sorghum vulgare)
2453 Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted 244 50 7
legume powder, fenugreek seeds) in hot sweet syrup
2454 Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted 294 50 9
legume powder, fenugreek seeds) in hot sweet syrup
2455 Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana)6 84 70 (dry) 42
2456 Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana) flour eaten 10413 70 (dry) 52
as roasted bread
2457 Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal, 903 250 47
pressure cooked)
2458 Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with 822 150 34
potato palya (mashed potato)
2459 Puttu (rice flour, steamed with tender coconut) 794 250 58
eaten with Bengal gram curry6
2460 Rice (Oryza Sativa), boiled served with bottle gourd 6915 150 26
and tomato curry
Semolina
2461 Semolina (Triticum aestivum), steamed 559 67 (dry) 28
2462 Semolina (Triticum aestivum), pre-roasted 766 67 (dry) 38
2463 Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented black 4612 71 (dry) 23
gram dhal (Phaseolus mungo)
2464 Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented 6220 71 (dry) 31
green gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus)
2465 Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented 547 71 (dry) 27
bengal gram dhal (Cicer arietum)
2466 Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked 688 76 (dry) 34
2467 Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water) 673 150 28
2468 Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds; 183 150 6
roasted and cooked in water)
2469 Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds; 193 150 6
roasted and cooked in water)
2470 Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked 688 76 (dry) 34
ISRAELI
2471 Melawach (dough made from white wheat flour 6110 115 32
and butter, fried)
2472 Melawach 717 115 38
2473 Melawach + 15 g locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) 316 130 16
fiber (soluble)
2474 Melawach + 15 g maize cob fiber (insoluble) 5910 130 31
2475 Melawach + 15 g lupin (Lupinus albus) fiber 7210 130 38

PACIFIC ISLANDERS
2476 Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand) 786 150 20
2477 Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) 254 150 9
PIMA INDIAN
2478 Mesquite cakes (Prosopis velutina)4 253 60 1
SOUTH AMERICAN
2479 Black Beans 30 150 7
2480 Brown beans 38 150 9
2481 Burrito (made from scrambled eggs, tomato, onions, 374 - vegeatble oil, boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
2482 Burrito (made from scrambled eggs, tomato, onions, 293 - vegeatble oil, boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
consumed with nopales (prickly pear cactus)
2483 Chilaquiles (casserole made from corn tortilla, 519 - vegetable oil, tomato sauce, cheese, boiled pinto beans)
2484 Chilaquiles (casserole made from corn tortilla, 358 - vegetable oil, tomato sauce, cheese, boiled pinto beans),
consumed with nopales (prickly pear cactus)
2485 Nopales (prickly pear cactus) 7 100 0
2486 Quesadillas (made from low-fat cheese, avocado, 363 - boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
2487 Quesadillas (made from low-fat cheese, avocado, 254 - boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla) consumed with
nopales (prickly pear cactus)
Footnotes
1. NS, not specified; AUC, area under the curve. Serving sizes in grams unless o
therwise specified.
2. Mean SEM. Two GI values are shown for each food - one in which glucose sugar
was used as the reference food and one in which white bread was used as the refe
rence food.
3. Estimated by multiplying the food's listed GI value with glucose as the refer
ence food by the listed g carbohydrate per serving and dividing by 100.
4. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 25 g carbohydrate.
5. GI calculated from the 180 min AUC data included in the original article usin
g the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
6. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 75 g carbohydrate.
7. GI calculated from the 240 min AUC data included in the original article usin
g the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
8. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 3 h f
or only 4 time points (0, 1, 2, and 3 h).
9. GI corrected for added milk and adjusted to represent a 50 g carbohydrate por
tion size.
10. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 12.5 g carbohydra
te.
11. GI calculated from the 120 min AUC data included in the original article usi
ng the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
12. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 3 h
for only 5 time points (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min).
13. Wheat chapatti was used as the reference food and given a GI of 100. The GI
of the test food was measured by expressing the glucose AUC value for the test f
ood as a percentage of the AUC value for wheat chapatti.
14. M Champ (INRA, France) and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, France), unpubli
shed observations, 1998.
15. GI calculated from the 300 min AUC data included in the original article usi

ng the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.

16. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 30 g carbohydrate
.
17. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 20 g carbohydrate
.
18. Sydney University's Glycemic Index Research Service (Human Nutrition Unit, U
niversity of Sydney, Australia), unpublished observations, 1995-2007.
19. GI for sugars calculated from the glycemic response for a meal of sugar and
rolled oats minus the glycemic response for the oats alone.
20. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 100 g carbohydrat
e.
21. Total weight of the test food was 50 g, whereas the reference food contained
50 g available carbohydrate. The carbohydrate content of the test food was assu
med to be 100% available, which may be an overestimation.
22. Total weight of the test food was 25 g, whereas the reference food contained
25 g available carbohydrate. The carbohydrate content of the test food was assu
med to be 100% available, which may be an overestimation.
23. Eaten as part of a mixed meal with fish, tomato, and onion sauce.
24. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 2 h
for only 5 time points (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min).
25. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 2 h
for only 4 time points (0, 30, 60 and 120 min).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Last modified: December 16, 2008

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

David Mendosa
993 E Moorhead Cir Suite 2F
Boulder CO 80305
E-mail: mendosa@mendosa.com
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