AAI TODAY
Airports Authority of India (AAI) manages a total of 125 Airports, which include 11
International Airports, 08 Customs Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 25 Civil Enclaves at
Defence Airfields. AAI also provides Air Traffic Management Services (ATMS) over entire
Indian Air Space and adjoining oceanic areas with ground installations at all Airports and 25
other locations to ensure safety of Aircraft operations.
The Airports at Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Calicut, Guwahati, Jaipur, Trivandrum, Kolkata &
Chennai, which today are established as International Airports, are open to operations even
by Foreign International Airlines. Besides, the International flights, National Flag Carriers
operate from Coimbatore, Tiruchirappalli, Varanasi, and Gaya Airports. Not only this but
also the Tourist Charters now touch Agra, Coimbatore, Jaipur, Lucknow, Patna Airports etc.
AAI has entered into a Joint Venture at Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Nagpur
Airports to upgrade these Airports and emulate the world standards.
All major air-routes over Indian landmass are Radar covered (29 Radar installations at 11
locations) along with VOR/DVOR coverage (89 installations) co-located with Distance
Measuring Equipment (90 installations). 52 runways are provided with ILS installations with
Night Landing Facilities at most of these Airports and Automatic Message Switching
System at 15 Airports.
AAI's successful implementation of Automatic Dependence Surveillance System (ADSS),
using indigenous technology, at Calcutta and Chennai Air Traffic Control Centres, gave
India the distinction of being the first country to use this advanced technology in the South
East Asian region thus enabling effective Air Traffic Control over oceanic areas using
satellite mode of communication. Use of remote controlled VHF coverage, along with
satellite communication links, has given added strength to our ATMS. Linking of 80
locations by V-Sat installations shall vastly enhance Air Traffic Management and in turn
safety of aircraft operations besides enabling administrative and operational control over
our extensive Airport network. Performance Based Navigation (PBN) procedures have
already been implemented at Mumbai, Delhi and Ahmedabad Airports and are likely to be
implemented at other Airports in phased manner.
AAI has undertaken GAGAN project in technological collaboration with Indian Space and
Research Organization (ISRO), where the satellite based system will be used for
navigation. The navigation signals thus received from the GPS will be augmented to
achieve the navigational requirement of aircrafts. First Phase of technology demonstration
system has already been successfully completed in February 2008. Development team has
been geared up to upgrade the system in operational phase.
AAI has also planned to provide Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) at Delhi and
Mumbai Airports. This GBAS equipment will be capable of providing Category-II (curved
approach) landing signals to the aircrafts thus replacing the existing instrument landing
system in the long run, which is required at each end of the runway.
The Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (ASMGCS), installed at
Delhi, has upgraded operation to runway 28 from CAT-IIIA level to CAT-IIIB level. CAT-IIIA
system permits landing of aircrafts up to visibility of 200mtrs. However, CAT-IIIB will permit
safe landing at the Airports at a visibility below 200mtrs but above 50mtrs.
AAI's endeavour, in enhanced focus on 'customer's expectations', has evinced enthusiastic
response to independent agency, which has organised customer satisfaction surveys at 30
busy Airports. These surveys have enabled us to undertake improvements on aspects
recommended by the Airport users. The receptacles for our 'Business Reply Letters' at
Airports have gained popularity; these responses enable us to understand the changing
aspirations of Airport users. During the first year of the millennium, AAI endeavours to make
its operations more transparent and also make available the instantaneous information to
customers by deploying state-of-art Information Technology.
The specific training, focus on improving the employee response and the professional skill
up-gradation, has been manifested. AAI's four training establishments viz. Civil Aviation
Training College (CATC) - Allahabad, National Institute of Aviation Management and
Research (NIAMAR) - Delhi and Fire Training Centres (FTCs) at Delhi & Kolkata are
expected to be busier than ever before.
AAI has also undertaken initiatives to upgrade training facilities at CATC Allahabad and
Hyderabad Airport. Aerodrome Visual Simulator (AVS) has been provided at CATC recently
and non-radar procedural ATC simulator equipment is being supplied to CATC Allahabad
and Hyderabad Airport.
AAI is having a dedicated Flight Inspection Unit (FIU) and it has fleet of three aircrafts fitted
with latest state-of-art fully automatic flight inspection system capable of inspecting.
1.
ILS up to Cat-III
2.
VOR (CVOR/DVOR)
3.
DME
4.
NDB
5.
VGSI (PAPI, VASI)
6.
RADAR (ASR/MSSR)
In addition to in house flight calibration of nav aids, AAI also undertakes flight calibration of
nav aids for Air force, Navy, Coast Guard and other private Airfields in India.
ORGANIZATION
Airports Authority of India (AAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament and came into
being on 1st April 1995 by merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and International
Airports Authority of India. The merger brought into existence a single Organization
entrusted with the responsibility of creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil
aviation infrastructure both on the ground and air space in the country.
AAI manages 125 airports, which include 18 International Airport, 07 Customs Airports, 78
Domestic Airports and 26 Civil Enclaves at Defense airfields. AAI provides air navigation
services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of air space. During the year 2013-14, AAI
handled aircraft movement of 1536.60 Thousand [International 335.95 & Domestic
1200.65], Passengers handled 168.91 Million [International 46.62 & Domestic 122.29] and
the cargo handled 2279.14 thousand MT [International 1443.04 & Domestic 836.10].
1. Passenger Facilities
The main functions of AAI inter-alia include construction, modification & management of
passenger terminals, development & management of cargo terminals, development &
maintenance of apron infrastructure including runways, parallel taxiways, apron etc.,
Provision of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance which includes provision of
DVOR / DME, ILS, ATC radars, visual aids etc., provision of air traffic services, provision of
passenger facilities and related amenities at its terminals thereby ensuring safe and secure
operations of aircraft, passenger and cargo in the country.
2. Air Navigation Services
In tune with global approach to modernization of Air Navigation infrastructure for seamless
navigation across state and regional boundaries, AAI has been going ahead with its plans
for transition to satellite based Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and Air Traffic
Management. A number of co-operation agreements and memoranda of co-operation have
been signed with US Federal Aviation Administration, US Trade & Development Agency,
European Union, Air Services Australia and the French Government Co-operative Projects
and Studies initiated to gain from their experience. Through these activities more and more
executives of AAI are being exposed to the latest technology, modern practices &
procedures being adopted to improve the overall performance of Airports and Air
Navigation Services.
Induction of latest state-of-the-art equipment, both as replacement and old equipments and
also as new facilities to improve standards of safety of airports in the air is a continuous
process. Adoptions of new and improved procedure go hand in hand with induction of new
equipment. Some of the major initiatives in this direction are introduction of Reduced
Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM) in India air space to increase airspace capacity and
reduce congestion in the air; implementation of GPS And Geo Augmented Navigation
(GAGAN) jointly with ISRO which when put to operation would be one of the four such
systems in the world.
3. Security
The continuing security environment has brought into focus the need for strengthening
security of vital installations. There was thus an urgent need to revamp the security at
airports not only to thwart any misadventure but also to restore confidence of traveling
public in the security of air travel as a whole, which was shaken after 9/11 tragedy. With this
in view, a number of steps were taken including deployment of CISF for airport security,
CCTV surveillance system at sensitive airports, latest and state-of-the-art X-ray baggage
inspection systems, premier security & surveillance systems. Smart Cards for access
control to vital installations at airports are also being considered to supplement the efforts
of security personnel at sensitive airports.
TOP
4. Aerodrome Facilities
In Airports Authority of India, the basic approach to planning of airport facilities has been
adopted to create capacity ahead of demand in our efforts. Towards implementation of this
strategy, a number of projects for extension and strengthening of runway, taxi track and
aprons at different airports has been taken up. Extension of runway to 7500 ft. has been
taken up to support operation for Airbus-320/Boeing 737-800 category of aircrafts at all
airports.
5. HRD Training
A large pool of trained and highly skilled manpower is one of the major assets of Airports
Authority of India. Development and Technological enhancements and consequent
refinement of operating standards and procedures, new standards of safety and security
and improvements in management techniques call for continuing training to update the
knowledge and skill of officers and staff. For this purpose AAI has a number of training
establishments, viz. NIAMAR in Delhi, CATC in Allahabad, Fire Training Centres at Delhi &
Kolkata for in-house training of its engineers, Air Traffic Controllers, Rescue & Fire Fighting
personnel etc. NIAMAR & CATC are members of ICAO TRAINER programme under which
they share Standard Training Packages (STP) from a central pool for imparting training on
various subjects. Both CATC & NIAMAR have also contributed a number of STPs to the
Central pool under ICAO TRAINER programme. Foreign students have also been
participating in the training programme being conducted by these institution
6. IT Implementation
Information Technology holds the key to operational and managerial efficiency,
transparency and employee productivity. AAI initiated a programme to indoctrinate IT
culture among its employees and this is most powerful tool to enhance efficiency in the
organization. AAI website with domain namewww.airportsindia.org.in or www.aai.aero is
a popular website giving a host of information about the organization besides domestic and
international flight information of interest to the public in general and passengers in
particular.
Board Members of AAI
Shri R K Srivastava, IAS
Ex-Officio Member:
Chairman
Ms. M. Sathiyavathy
Director General of Civil Aviation
Part-Time Members (Official):
Ms. M. Sathiyavathy
Shri Arun Kumar
AS & FA, MCA
Joint Secretary, Ministry Civil Aviation
Whole -Time Members:
Shri S. Raheja
Shri V. Somasundaram
Shri G. K. Chaukiyal
Shri S. Suresh
Shri Anuj Aggarwa
Member (Planning)
Member (ANS)
Member (Operations)
Member (Finance)
Member ((Human Resource)
Part-Time Members (Non-Official):
Vacant
-TOP
Functions of AAI
The functions of AAI are as follows:
1.
Design, Development, Operation and Maintenance of international and domestic airports
and civil enclaves.
2.
Control and Management of the Indian airspace extending beyond the territorial limits of the
country, as accepted by ICAO.
3.
Construction, Modification and Management of passenger terminals.
4.
Development and Management of cargo terminals at international and domestic airports.
5.
Provision of passenger facilities and information system at the passenger terminals at
airports.
6.
Expansion and strengthening of operation area, viz. Runways, Aprons, Taxiway etc.
7.
Provision of visual aids.
8.
Provision of Communication and Navigation aids, viz. ILS, DVOR, DME, Radar etc.
The Airports Authority of India (AAI) is an organization working under the Ministry of Civil
Aviation that manages all the airports in India.
Business
The AAI manages and operates 126 airports including 11 international airports, 89 domestic
airports and 26civil enclaves. The corporate headquarters(CHQ) are at Rajiv Gandhi
Bhawan, Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi.
History
The AAI was formed on 1 April 1995 by merging the National Airports Authority (NAA) and
the International Airports Authority of India (IAAI), to create a centralized organization that could
effectively manage both the international and domestic airports.
The Airports Authority of India (AAI) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible
for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It
provides Air traffic management (ATM) services over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic
areas. It also manages a total of 125 Airports, including 11 International Airports, 8 Customs
Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 25 Civil enclaves at Military Airfields. AAI also has ground
installations at all airports and 25 other locations to ensure safety of aircraft operations. AAI
covers all major air-routes over Indian landmass via 29 Radar installations at 11 locations along
with 89VOR/DVOR installations co-located with Distance Measuring Equipment (DME). 52
runways are provided with Instrument landing system (ILS) installations with Night Landing
Facilities at most of these airports and Automatic Message Switching System at 15 Airports.
AAI's implementation of Automatic Dependence Surveillance System (ADSS), using indigenous
technology, at Kolkata and Chennai Air Traffic Control Centres, made India the first country to
use this technology in the South East Asian region thus enabling Air Traffic Control over oceanic
areas using satellite mode of communication. Performance Based Navigation (PBN) procedures
have already been implemented at Mumbai, Delhi and Ahmedabad Airports and are likely to be
implemented at other Airports in a phased manner. AAI is implementing the GAGAN project in
technological collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), where the
satellite based system will be used for navigation. The navigation signals thus received from
theGPS will be augmented to achieve the navigational requirement of aircraft. First phase of
technology demonstration system was completed in February 2008.
AAI has four training establishments viz. The Civil Aviation Training College (CATC) at Allahabad,
National Institute of Aviation Management and Research (NIAMAR) at Delhi and Fire Training
Centres (FTC) at Delhi & Kolkata. An Aerodrome Visual Simulator (AVS) has been provided at
CATC and non-radar procedural ATC simulator equipment is being supplied to CATC Allahabad
and Hyderabad Airport. AAI has a dedicated Flight Inspection Unit (FIU) with a fleet of three
aircraft fitted with flight inspection system to inspect Instrument Landing Systems up to Cat-III,
VORs, DMEs, NDBs, VGSI (PAPI, VASI) and RADAR (ASR/MSSR). In addition to in-house flight
calibration of its navigational aids, AAI undertakes flight calibration of navigational aids for
the Indian Air Force, Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard and other private airfields in the country.
AAI has entered into Joint
Ventures at Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Nagpur Airports to upgrade these
airports.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Functions
o
2.1 Passenger Facilities
2.2 Air Navigation Services
2.3 IT Implementation
2.4 HRD Training
2.5 Revenue
3 Privatization of Airports
4 International Projects
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
The Government of India constituted the International Airports Authority of India (IAAI) in 1972 to
manage the nation's international airports while the National Airports Authority (NAA) was
constituted in 1986 to look after domestic airports.[1][2] The organisations were merged in April
1995 by an Act of Parliament and was named as Airports Authority of India (AAI). This new
organisation was to be responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil
aviation infrastructure both on the ground and air space in the country.
Functions[edit]
Design, Development, Operation and Maintenance of international and domestic airports
and civil enclaves.
Control and Management of the Indian airspace extending beyond the territorial limits of
the country, as accepted by ICAO.
Construction, Modification and Management of passenger terminals.
Development and Management of cargo terminals at international and domestic airports.
Provision of passenger facilities and information system at the passenger terminals at
airports.
Expansion and strengthening of operation area, viz. Runways, Aprons, Taxiway etc.
Provision of visual aids.
Provision of Communication and Navigation aids, viz. ILS, DVOR, DME, Radar etc.
Passenger Facilities[edit]
Construction, modification & management of passenger terminals, development &
management of cargo terminals, development & maintenance of apron infrastructure
including runways, parallel taxiways, apron etc.,
Provision of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance which includes provision of
DVOR / DME, ILS, ATC radars, visual aids etc., provision of air traffic services, provision of
passenger facilities and related amenities at its terminals thereby ensuring safe and secure
operations of aircraft, passenger and cargo in the country.
Air Navigation Services[edit]
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata
AAI Air Traffic Services, Indira Gandhi International Airport
In tune with its global approach to modernise Air Traffic Control (ATC) infrastructure for seamless
navigation across state and regional boundaries, AAI is upgrading to satellite based
Communication, Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) and Air Traffic Management. A number of cooperation agreements and memoranda of co-operation have been signed with the Federal
Aviation Administration, US Trade & Development Agency, European Union, Air Services
Australia and the French Government Co-operative Projects and Studies initiated to gain from
their experience. Through these activities more and more executives of AAI are being exposed to
the latest technology, modern practices & procedures being adopted to improve the overall
performance of Airports and Air Navigation Services.
Some of the major initiatives in this area are introduction of Reduced Vertical Separation Minima
(RVSM) in Indian air space to increase capacity and reduce congestion in the air; implementation
of GPS And Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) jointly with ISRO which when put to operation
would be one of the four such systems in the world. AAI is a full member of the Civil Air
Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO).
IT Implementation[edit]
AAI website is a website giving a host of information about the organization besides domestic
and international flight schedules and such other information of interest to the public in general
and passengers in particular.
HRD Training[edit]
AAI has a number of training establishments, viz. NIAMAR in Delhi, CATC in Allahabad, Fire
Training Centres at Delhi & Kolkata for in-house training of its engineers, Air Traffic Controllers,
Rescue & Fire Fighting personnel etc. NIAMAR & CATC are members of ICAO TRAINER
programme under which they share Standard Training Packages (STP) from a central pool for
imparting training on various subjects. Both CATC & NIAMAR have also contributed a number of
STPs to the Central pool under ICAO TRAINER programme. Foreign students have also been
participating in the training programme being conducted by these institution
Revenue[edit]
Most of AAI's revenue is generated from landing/parking fees and fees collected by providing
CNS & ATC services to aircraft over the Indian airspace.
Privatization of Airports[edit]
The AAI was involved in a tussle with the Ministry of Civil Aviation over the issue of privatisation
of its two most profitable airports at Delhi and Mumbai. The Government of India handed over
these two airports to private companies for the purpose of modernization in 2006 under revenue
sharing agreement to the GMR Group and GVK group respectively. the Nagpur Airport was
transferred to the Maharashtra State owned MADC.
In addition to these, several greenfield airports are being operated by Private consortiums,
[3]
namely, Cochin International Airport (first of its kind in India), Bengaluru International
Airport, Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport at Durgapur in West Bengal, and Rajiv Gandhi International
Airport at Hyderabad.
International Projects[edit]
The AAI has been involved in various consultancy projects
with Libya, Algeria, Yemen, Maldives, Nauru and Afghanistan The AAI also provides trained
personnel for operation, maintenance and management of airports in these countries
Airports Authority of India
Native name
[4]
Type
PSU
Industry
Aviation sector
Founded
1 April 1995
Headquarters
Rajiv Gandhi Bhawan,
Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi110003
Key people
R. K. Srivastava, IAS, Chairman
S.Suresh, Member(Finance)
Anuj Aggarwal, Member(HR)
S.Raheja, Member(Planning)
V.Somasundaram, Member(ANS)
G.K.Chaukiyal,
Member(Operations)
Products
Airports, ATC, CNS
Number of
22,000
employees
Slogan
Service with security
Website
www.aai.aero
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We cannot achieve anything worthwhile in the field of technical education unless
or until the
theoretical education acquired in the classroom is effectively wedded to its
practical approach
that is taking place in the modern industries and research institutes. My sincere
thanks to
Mr. Rajesh Kumar, Manager(CNS),our training co-coordinator for providing the
proper
guidance and continuous encouragement for making this training successful. I
also express my
deep gratitude to Mr. P.S.Verma, Jt.G.M.(Comm.),Airports Authority of India, Jaipur
Airport
for providing me this golden opportunity to attend the Industrial training.
It is a matter of great pleasure privilege for me to present this report of 30 days
on the
basis of practical knowledge gained by me during practical training at Airport
Authority of
India, Jaipur Rajasthan during session 2010-2011.
I attribute heartiest thanks to all CNS faculty members of their ample guidance
during my
training period and at last my cordial thanks to my batch mates
and friends for their
cooperation
ABSTRACT
Airports Authority of India (AAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament and came into
being on 1st April 1995 by merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and International
Airports Authority of India. The merger brought into existence a single Organization
entrusted with the responsibility of creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil
aviation infrastructure both on the ground and air space in the country.
AAI manages 125 airports, which include 11 International Airport, 08 Customs Airports, 81
Domestic Aairports and 27 Civil Enclaves at Defence airfields. AAI provides air navigation
services over 2.8 million square nautical miles of air space.
PASSENGER FACILITIES
The main functions of AAI inter-alia include construction, modification & management of
passenger terminals, development & management of cargo terminals, development &
maintenance of apron infrastructure including runways, parallel taxiways, apron etc.,
Provision
of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance which includes provision of DVOR / DME,
ILS, ATC radars, visual aids etc., provision of air traffic services, provision of passenger
facilities and related amenities at its terminals thereby ensuring safe and secure operations of
aircraft, passenger and cargo in the country.
AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES
In tune with global approach to modernization of Air Navigation infrastructure for seamless
navigation across state and regional boundaries, AAI has been going ahead with its plans for
transition to satellite based Communication, Navigation, Surveillance and Air
Traffic
Management.
1
SECURITY
The continuing security environment has brought into focus the need for strengthening
security
of vital installations. There was thus an urgent need to revamp the security at airports not only
to thwart any misadventure but also to restore confidence of traveling public in the security of
air travel as a whole, which was shaken after 9/11 tragedy..
AERODROME FACILITIES
In Airports Authority of India, the basic approach to planning of airport facilities has been
adopted to create capacity ahead of demand in our efforts. Towards implementation of this
strategy, a number of projects for extension and strengthening of runway, taxi track and
aprons
at different airports has been taken up.
HRD TRAINING
A large pool of trained and highly skilled manpower is one of the major assets of Airports
Authority of India. AAI has a number of training establishments, viz. NIAMAR in Delhi,
CATC in Allahabad, Fire Training Centres at Delhi & Kolkata for in-house training of its
engineers, Air Traffic Controllers, Rescue & Fire Fighting personnel etc.
IT IMPLEMENTATION
Information Technology holds the key to operational and managerial efficiency, transparency
and employee productivity. AAI website with domain name www.airportsindia.org.in or
www.aai.aero is a popular website giving a host of information about the organization besides
2
domestic and international flight schedules and such other information of interest to the
public
in general and passengers in particular
ABSTRACT
01
1. BRIEF DISCRIPTION OF JAIPUR AIRPORT
03
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Functions of AAI
1.3 General Information
2. CNS DEPARTMENT
2.1 Role of CNS Department
2.2 Classification of CNS Facilities
3. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
08
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Transmitter
3.3 Channel
3.4 Reciever
3.5 Modulation
3.5.1 Transmitter Modulation
3.5.2 Space Modulation
3.6 Communication System
3.6.1 Air traffic Control
3.6.2 Walkie-Talkie
3.6.3 Voice Communication Control System
3.6.4 Tape Recorder
3.6.5 Digital Airport Terminal Information System
3.7 Frequency Bands and Its Uses in Communication
4. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS....
16
4.1 Navigation
4.2 ILS
4.3 DME
4.4 DVOR
4.5 ILS Parameters and Components
5. SECURITY EQUIPMENTS...
27
5.1 X-BIS
5.2 Walk Through Metal Detector
5.3 HHMD
5.4 ETD
5.5 FIDS
5.6 PA System
6. IT SECTION...
37
6.1 Functions of IT Department
6.2 Basics
6.3 Networking
6.4 Network Topologies
7. CONCLUSION
44
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY...
45
TABLE INDEX
Table Page No.
1.1 Table 2.1 Classification of CNS Facilities 06
1.2 Table 3.1 Radio Waves Classificaion 15
1.3 Table 3.2 Frequency Bands Used in Communication 15
1.4 Table 4.1 ILS Parameters and Components 26
FIGURE INDEX
Figure
3.1 Block Diagram of Radio Transmitter 09
Page No.
3.2 Block Diagram of AM Superhetrodyne Receiver 10
3.3 Voice Communication Control System 13
3.4 Tape Recorder System 14
4.1 Emission Pattern 18
4.2 Location of ILS Components
4.3 DME System
4.4 DVOR System
4.5 DVOR antennas
VII
5.1 X-Ray Production
5.2 X-BIS System
5.3 WTMD
5.4 Eight Overlapping Detecting Zones
5.5 ETD
5.6 FIDS
6.1 Block Diagram of Networks
6.2 LAN
6.3 WAN
6.4 Bus Network
6.5 Star Network
6.6 Ring Network
6.7 Mesh Network
1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT AAI.07
1.1
Introduction
1.2
General Information
1.3
Functions of Airport Authority of India
2. CNS DEPARTMENT.
3. BASIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Transmitter
3.3
Channel
3.4
Reciever
3.5
Modulation
3.5.1
Transmitter Modulation
3.5.2
Space Modulation
4. FREQUENCY BAND USED IN COMMUNICATION
5. COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTS......10
5.1
Air to Ground Communication
5.1.1 Air Traffic Control
5.1.2 The DR100 multimode VHF receiver
5.2
Ground-to-Ground Communication
5.2.1
Walkie-Talkie
6. VOICE COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM
6.1
Introduction and Need of VCCS
6.2
Introduction to Tape Recording
6.3
Digital Airport Terminal Information System
7. AFTN SWITCHING SYSTEM & COMMUNICATION
7.1
Introduction
7.2
Classification of AFTN Switching System
8. Security System.10
8.1 Security Equipments
8.1.1 X-BIS
8.1.2 WTMD
8.1.3 HHMD
8.1.4 ETD
8.2 FIDS
2.3 PA System
3. Communication Equipments....17
3.1 Air to Ground Communication
3.1.1 Air Traffic Control
3.1.2 The DR100 multimode VHF receiver
3.2 Ground-to-Ground Communication
3.2.1 Wacky-Talky
3.3 Other Important Equipments
3.3.1 DVTR
3.3.2 DATIS
3.4 Conversions
4. IT Unit...24
4.1 Functions of IT.
4.2 Basics
4.2.1 Hub
4.2.2 Switch
4.2.3 Router
4.3 Networking
4.3.1 LAN
4.3.2 WAN
4.3.3 Internet
4.4 Network Topologies
4.4.1 Bus
4.4.2 Star
4.4.3 Ring
4.4.4 Mesh
5. Navigation.34
5.1 Navigational aids
5.1.1 ILS
5.1.2 DME
5.1.3 DVOR
6. References...46
