CHAPTER 36
Yå Sßn
(REVEALED AT MAKKAH: 5 sections; 83 verses)
The title of this chapter is taken from the initial letters Yå Sßn, in which the Holy Prophet
is addressed. The object is to show that man can attain to perfection, and thus achieve
the real object of his life, through contact with the perfect man, Muƒammad. It is called
the heart of the Qur’ån (Tr. 43:6) owing to the importance of its subject-matter. For the
date of revelation and its place in the arrangement of the Holy Qur’ån, see introductory
note to ch. 34.
This chapter upholds the truth of the Holy Qur’ån, and the first section shows that,
though there would be strong oppostion to it in the beginning, it would in the end give
life to a dead humanity. The second speaks in parable of its portrayal in earlier revela-
tion. The third draws attention to certain signs of its truth in nature — how life follows
death and how light follows darkness — thus giving an indication that the same law is
working in the spiritual world. The fourth shows that its acceptors and rejectors will be
dealt with distinctly, so that their reward and requital will be evidence of the truth of the
Qur’ån. The fifth and concluding section draws attention to the Resurrection or the life
after death, as this alone can make a man feel responsibility for his actions and bring
about his real transformation and attainment of perfection.
866
Part 22] TRUTH OF THE QUR’ÅN 867
SECTION 1: Truth of the Qur’ån
In the name of Allåh, the Beneficent,
the Merciful.
1 O man,a
2 By the Qur’ån, full of wisdom!
3 Surely thou art one of the mes-
sengers,
4 On a right way.
5 A revelation of the Mighty, the
Merciful,
6 That thou mayest warn a people
whose fathers were not warned, so
they are heedless.a
7 The word has indeed proved true
of most of them, so they believe not.a
8 Surely We have placed on their
necks chains reaching up to the chins,
so they have their heads raised aloft.a
9 And We have set a barrier before
them and a barrier behind them, thus
We have covered them, so that they
see not.a
1a. According to I‘Ab, the meaning of Yå Sßn in the dialect of Ôayy is yå insånu,
i.e., O man, or O perfect man. Thus yå meaning O, is retained in full, while the word
insån (man) is represented by Sßn. There is almost a consensus of opinion that the refer-
ence in this abbreviation is to the Holy Prophet himself.
6a. The first warning of the Prophet was for the Makkans, but he was a warner for
all nations as well; see 25:1.
7a. Sale’s suggestion, that the word here signifies a sentence of damnation
pronounced at Adam’s fall, is a Christian interpretation of a Muslim doctrine. The word
which proved true is that Truth is always opposed first but it wins in the end.
8a. This is a description of the proud attitude of the disbelievers towards the
Prophet’s preaching. As to the result being attributed to Allåh, see 2:26b. The chains of
pride and stubbornness are really the things which prevent them from listening to and
accepting the message of the Prophet.
9a. These were the barriers of their own stubbornness. The barriers before them
prevented them from looking forward to the eminence to which they could rise by
following the Truth, and those behind them prevented them from looking back to the
history of nations which were destroyed on account of their rejection of the Truth.
868 Ch. 36: YÅ SÍN [Yå Sßn
10 And it is alike to them whether
thou warn them or warn them not —
they believe not.
11 Thou canst warn him only who
follows the Reminder and fears the
Beneficent in secret; so give him
good news of forgiveness and a gen-
erous reward.
12 Surely We give life to the dead,
and We write down that which they
send before and their footprints, and
We record everything in a clear writ-
ing.a
SECTION 2: Confirmation of the Truth
13 And set out to them a parable of
the people of the town, when apostles
came to it.
14 When We sent to them two,
they rejected them both; then We
strengthened (them) with a third, so
they said: Surely we are sent to you.a
15 They said: a You are only mor-
tals like ourselves, nor has the
12a. What they send before are their deeds, and their footprints are the marks they
leave behind for others to follow.
14a. It should be noted that this is called a parable in the previous verse; therefore it
is an error to name a particular town and three messengers who went together thereto.
The parable is set forth only to point out the truth of the Holy Prophet. The two messen-
gers sent before are Moses and Jesus, both of whom clearly prophesied the advent of the
Holy Prophet, and the third, with whom they are strengthened, is no other than the Holy
Prophet himself, the fulfilment of prophecy in whose person without doubt strengthened
the truth of previous revelation. The conversion of Arabia and its reclamation from idol-
atry had been tried both by the followers of Moses and Jesus, and both had failed, and a
third messenger was now sent.
15a. The message of the prophets to their people is the general message of all
prophets, and the reply of the people is the general reply of the people, which is in con-
sonance with the parable.
Part 23] CONFIRMATION OF THE TRUTH 869
Beneficent revealed anything — you
only lie.b
16 They said: Our Lord knows that
we are surely sent to you.
17 And our duty is only a clear
deliverance (of the message).
18 They said: Surely we augur evil
from you.a If you desist not, we will
surely stone you, and a painful chas-
tisement from us will certainly afflict
you.
19 They said: Your evil fortune is
with you. What! If you are reminded!a
Nay, you are an extravagant people.
20 And from the remote part of the
city there came a man running.a He
said: O my people, follow the apostles.
21 Follow him who asks of you no
reward, and they are on the right
course.
Part 23
22 And what reason have I that I
should not serve Him Who created
me and to Whom you will be brought
back.
15b. Note that the people here deny all revelation. The Arabs rejected previous
revelation as well as the revelation of the Holy Prophet.
18a. Distress in one form or other always overtakes a people when a prophet
appears among them. The law is elsewhere stated in the Holy Qur’ån thus: “And indeed
We sent messengers to nations before thee, then We seized them with distress
and affliction that they might humble themselves” (6:42). It is to this distress that the
rejectors of apostles refer.
19a. They are told that distress is not due to the Prophet’s advent, but is the result
of their own evil deeds, and the Prophet does no more than remind them and warn them
of the consequences of their evil deeds.
20a. This man represents the believer in the Truth. Every prophet has testimony
borne to his truth by one from among the people themselves. Thus the Holy Qur’ån
870 Ch. 36: YÅ SÍN [Yå Sßn
23 Shall I take besides Him gods
whose intercession, if the Beneficent
should desire to afflict me with harm,
will avail me naught, nor can they
deliver me?
24 Then I shall surely be in clear
error.
25 Surely I believe in your Lord, so
hear me.
26 It was said: Enter the Garden.a
He said: Would that my people knew,
27 How my Lord has forgiven me
and made me of the honoured ones!
28 And We sent not down upon his
people after him any host from heav-
en, nor do We ever send.a
29 It was naught but a single cry,
and lo! they were still.a
30 Alas for the servants! Never does
a messenger come to them but they
mock him.
31 See they not how many genera-
tions We destroyed before them, that
they return not to them? a
32 And all — surely all — will be
brought before Us.
speaks of a believer from among the people of Pharaoh (40:28), and Joseph of
Arimathaea believed in and helped Jesus. The Holy Prophet Mu√ammad had such a fol-
lower in Ab∂ Bakr, who was the first to believe, while the others rejected.
26a. It is a promise to the believer that he will enjoy bliss and be successful. The
next verse shows that he is made to possess honour in this world.
28a. This removes a misconception with regard to the coming of punishment. Hosts
are not sent down from above to chastise the wicked, but causes are brought into exis-
tence on this very earth.
29a. Compare v. 49, where the ©ai√ah, or single cry, is the punishment with which
the Holy Prophet’s opponents are threatened. The single cry signifies only a sudden pun-
ishment.
31a. The words may also mean that many generations were destroyed before them
because they did not turn to the messengers.
Part 23] SIGNS OF THE TRUTH 871
SECTION 3: Signs of the Truth
33 And a sign to them is the dead
earth: We give life to it and bring
forth from it grain so they eat of it.a
34 And We make therein gardens of
date-palms and grapes and We make
springs to flow forth therein,
35 That they may eat of the fruit
thereof, and their hands made it not.
Will they not then give thanks?
36 Glory be to Him Who created
pairs of all things, of what the earth
grows, and of their kind and of what
they know not!a
37 And a sign to them is the night:
We draw forth from it the day, then
lo! they are in darkness;a
38 And the sun moves on to its des-
tination. That is the ordinance of the
Mighty, the Knower.a
39 And the moon, We have
ordained for it stages till it becomes
again as an old dry palm-branch.a
33a. Quickening of the dead earth is again and again compared to the transforma-
tion which was to be brought about by the Holy Qur’ån. How dead the earth, and partic-
ularly Arabia, was at the advent of the Holy Prophet, it is impossible to describe within
the limits of a footnote. If, then, the physical world showed the working of the Divine
law that life is restored to the earth after its death, why should not the same law work in
the spiritual world?
36a. This verse establishes a great scientific truth that pairs exist in all creation, even
in the vegetable kingdom and in things which had not yet come to the knowledge of man.
The Arabs certainly did not know this, but modern research corroborates this truth.
37a. The night of ignorance must now pass away; for as in the physical world night
follows day and day follows night, so in the spiritual world light is followed by the dark-
ness of ignorance and the latter again gives place to light.
38a. This statement refers to the sun’s revolution in space, a truth discovered only
recently.
39a. These words only picture the apparent resemblance of the moon in its slender-
ness and curvature to an old dry palm-branch. Even such is the case of truth, which
seems at first to be insignificant, but soon shines forth like a full moon. There is a clear
872 Ch. 36: YÅ SÍN [Yå Sßn
40 Neither is it for the sun to over-
take the moon, nor can the night out-
strip the day. And all float on in an
orbit.a
41 And a sign to them is that We
bear their offspring in the laden ship,
42 And We have created for them
the like thereof, whereon they ride.a
43 And if We please, We may
drown them, then there is no succour
for them, nor can they be rescued a —
44 But by mercy from Us and for
enjoyment till a time.
45 And when it is said to them:
Guard against that which is before
you and that which is behind you,
that mercy may be shown to you.a
46 And there comes to them no
message of the messages of their
Lord but they turn away from it.
47 And when it is said to them:
Spend out of that which Allåh has
reference in the word ‘åda (it becomes again) that the light of Islåm will receive a
setback and again shine in full resplendence.
40a. Even truth and falsehood have their courses. As night must disappear with the
rise of the day, so falsehood must vanish before the light of Truth. The flotation of the
heavenly bodies in their orbits is a statement beyond the ken of an Arabian of 1,300 years
ago. The Holy Qur’ån is a book for the spiritual guidance of man, but it discloses a large
number of scientific truths which were not known to man at the revelation of the Book.
42a. The ships that bear man on the seas are spoken of in v. 41. These were known
to man at the time of the revelation of the Qur’ån. But this verse speaks of other ships,
the like thereof. These are the ships that bear man in the air, the airships and the aero-
planes of today. They are spoken of as being created by God, because it is through the
knowledge and means that God has given man that he is able to acquire mastery of the
air and make these ships.
43a. This is a warning of the impending punishment. Drowning in the sea signifies
their destruction, wherever it may take place. The word chosen to describe the punish-
ment is one which shows the utter helplessness of the sufferers.
45a. That which is before you signifies the punishment which must overtake them
in this life, and that which is behind you means the consequences of evil, which they
would witness in the Hereafter.
Part 23] REWARD AND PUNISHMENT 873
given you, those who disbelieve say
to those who believe: Shall we feed
him whom, if Allåh please, He could
feed? You are in naught but clear
error.a
48 And they say: When will this
promise come to pass, if you are
truthful?
49 They await but a single cry,
which will overtake them while they
contend.
50 So they will not be able to make
a bequest, nor will they return to
their families.a
SECTION 4: Reward and Punishment
51 And the trumpet is blown, when
lo! from their graves they will hasten
on to their Lord.
52 They will say: O woe to us!
Who has raised us up from our sleep-
ing-place? a This is what the Benefi-
cent promised and the messengers
told the truth.
53 It is but a single cry, when lo!
they are all brought before Us.
54 So this day no soul is wronged
in aught; and you are not rewarded
aught but for what you did.
47a. So they turned neither to submission to Allåh, nor to sympathy for their
fellow-beings.
50a. This is a prophetical description of the battle of Badr. The Quraish attacked
Madßnah to annihilate Islåm but the leaders of evil were themselves finished there, and
could neither make a bequest, nor did they return to their families.
52a. The grave is called a sleeping-place even for the disbelievers, because, as com-
pared with the severer punishment of hell, the grave would be to them a sleeping-place. It
should be noted that the grave signifies the condition after life is ended in this world.
874 Ch. 36: YÅ SÍN [Yå Sßn
55 Surely the owners of the Garden
are on that day in a happy occupation.
56 They and their wives are in
shades, reclining on raised couches.
57 They have fruits therein, and
they have whatever they desire.
58 Peace! A word from a Merciful
Lord.a
59 And withdraw to-day, O guilty
ones!
60 Did I not charge you, O children
of Adam, that you serve not the
devil? Surely he is your open enemy.
61 And that you serve Me. This is
the right way.
62 And certainly he led astray
numerous people from among you.
Could you not then understand?
63 This is the hell which you were
promised.
64 Enter it this day because you
disbelieved.
65 That day We shall seal their
mouths, and their hands will speak to
Us, and their feet will bear witness as
to what they earned.
66 And if We pleased, We would
put out their eyes, then they would
strive to get first to the way, but how
should they see? a
67 And if We pleased, We would
transform them in their place, then
58a. Here we have another picture of the Muslim paradise. After describing the var-
ious blessings, it sums them up in a single word, peace.
66a. It is a punishment for the reprobate. They shut their eyes to the truth with such
persistence that their eyes become blind; they no longer see, even if they would.
Part 23] THE RESURRECTION 875
they would not be able to go on, or
turn back.a
SECTION 5: The Resurrection
68 And whomsoever We cause to
live long, We reduce to an abject state
in creation. Do they not understand? a
69 And We have not taught him
poetry, nor is it meet for him.a This
is naught but a Reminder and a plain
Qur’ån,
70 To warn him who would have
life, and (that) the word may prove
true against the disbelievers.
71 See they not that We have creat-
ed cattle for them, out of what Our
hands have wrought, so they are their
masters?
72 And We have subjected them to
them, so some of them they ride, and
some they eat.
73 And therein they have advan-
tages and drinks. Will they not then
give thanks?
74 And they take gods besides
Allåh that they may be helped.
75 They are not able to help them,
and they are a host brought up before
them.a
67a. Maskh indicates changing from a good to a bad state. Thus masakha-h∂
signifies he transformed him into a more foul or more ugly shape (LL); and masakha
al-nåqata means he rendered the she-camel lean and wounded her back by fatigue and
use (LL). Hence the meaning of transforming them in their place is taking away their
power and rendering them weak and turning them into an evil plight.
68a. It is a general law of nature that every living thing must deteriorate; the appli-
cation here is to individuals as well as nations.
69a. Its negation as poetry is meant to convey the seriousness of the subjects that
the Holy Qur’ån deals with.
75a. The guilty leaders will be brought up for punishment before their followers and
876 Ch. 36: YÅ SÍN [Yå Sßn
76 So let not their speech grieve
thee. Surely We know what they do
in secret and what they do openly.
77 Does not man see that We have
created him from the small life-germ?
Then lo! he is an open disputant.
78 And he strikes out a likeness for
Us a and forgets his own creation.
Says he: Who will give life to the
bones, when they are rotten?
79 Say: He will give life to them,
Who brought them into existence at
first, and He is Knower of all creation,
80 Who produced fire for you out
of the green tree, so that with it you
kindle.a
81 Is not He Who created the heav-
ens and the earth able to create the
like of them? a Yea! And He is the
Creator (of all), the Knower.
82 His command, when He intends
anything, is only to say to it, Be, and
it is.
83 So glory be to Him in Whose
hand is the kingdom of all things! and
to Him you will be returned.
they will not be able to help them. Or, the worshippers of false deities will be brought up
for punishment in the presence of those deities and they will not be able to help them.
78a. The striking out of a likeness signifies the setting up of gods with Allåh.
80a. The reference is to the phenomenon of resinous trees catching fire through
friction of their branches caused by wind. Even thus a new life results from man’s
contact with the Perfect Man, whom God has sent, and this new life is the basis of a life
after death.
81a. The original is mithla-hum, where the personal pronoun hum (them) refers to
men, not to heaven and earth. In the Resurrection, therefore, men will be the like of what
they are here, not exactly the same bodies of clay. Elsewhere, after mentioning that man
wonders at the new creation, it is said: “We know indeed what the earth diminishes of
them, and with Us is a book that preserves” (50:4). The body may become dust; but
what man does of good or evil is preserved, and it is according to this good or evil that
he receives a new body. The idea of Resurrection is carried to perfection in Islåm, and
the Resurrection is meant to give a new life to all. Ultimately the spirit of man is
returned to the Spirit Divine, and that is again and again called the meeting with God.