Asia
100
!Questions
for
Midterm
review
on
Connect,
also
review
seven
themes,
transition
Early
Japan,
October
14th
from
prehistory
to
history
and
definitions
of
terms.
Final
Exam
December
8th,
8:30
AM.
!Jmon
Peoples:
- Hunter
gathers,
came
up
from
south,
living
close
to
the
coasts
(easy
resources)
- Produced
pottery
very
early,
perhaps
earliest
in
the
world
(10,000
years
ago)
- Some
hunting
in
mountains,
but
Japanese
mountains
are
dangerous
active
volcanoes.
!Yayoi:
- Cultural
connect
with
Korean
peoples
- 500
B.C.E.
350
C.E.
-
arrived
500
B.C.E.
new
arrivals
from
Korean
peninsula?
Rice
already
domesticated,
did
they
bring
it
or
was
it
already
there?
Agricultural,
metalworking,
settled
communities
Displaced
Jmon
culture
by
200
B.C.E.
(inferior
technology
and
no
metalworking
skills).
Chinese
writing
arrived
at
the
end
of
this
period
late
4th
century
!East
Asian
Writing:
-
Chinese
Korean
Japanese
Only
the
first
in
the
early
period
(late
Yayoi)
Korean
and
Japanese
linguistically
distinct
from,
Chineseonly
the
writing
system
and
vocabulary
borrowed
!Yayoi
Social
Stratification:
-
Clans
(uji)
Agricultural
surpluses
allow
occupational
specialization
Beginning
of
kingship/queenship,
100350.
Himiko
sends
tribute
to
China
in
239
C.E.
Himiko
maybe
a
female
shaman;
politics
and
religion
united,
ritual
functions.
Animism:
all
things
animated
by
spirits.
Keyhole
shaped
tombs,
4th
century
C.E.
!Yamato
Centralization:
- Royal
lineage.
Polity
formation,
350794
C.E.
- Influx
of
Baekje
elite
through
alliance
against
Goguryeo
- Yamato
monarchs
headed
a
network
of
organized
chiefdoms.
- From
6th
century,
borrowed
Chinese
models
of
statecraft.
!Haniwa
(5th
to
7th
century):
- Outside
of
Keystone
shaped
tombs
- Figures
!Suiko
and
Prince
Shtoku:
- Early
7th
century
- Seventeen
Injunctions:
a
new
social
code
based
on
Confucian
and
Buddhist
ideas
(has
some
legal
basis).
!Nara
period
8th
Century:
- Coups,
bloodshed,
power
struggles.
- We
have
writings
from
this
period.
- Aristocratic
power
struggles
lead
to
killing
of
kin,
non-kin,
and
anybody
else
- Aristocratic
elite
begin
ethnic
cleansing
of
peoples
not
associated
with
the
courts
sphere
of
influence
(rice-based
agricultural
communities)
civilized
with
Chinese
writing
and
aristocratic
culture.
- Peasants
are
apart
of
this
Emishi
and
Hayato
werent.
!Emishi
and
Hayato:
- Examples
of
ethnic
and
cultural
conflict.
- Emishi
pushed
north,
Hayato
pushed
!Princess
Mononoke:
- Conflict
between
iron-smelting
peoples
and
forest
kami
(detities)
- Emishi
protagonist:
Ashitaka
- Themes
control
of
nature
vs
harmony
with
nature,
outcomes
of
violent
and
destructive
means
toward
power
!Buddhism
in
Japan:
- Official
support
from
587
C.E.
- Old
capital
of
Nara
still
demonstrates
the
splendour
of
early
Japanese
Buddhism.
- Buddhism
important
in
politics,
literacy,
and
technical
skills
architecture,
metalworking,
offering
more
than
just
religion.
Used
politically
by
aristocrats
via
patronage
which
leads
to
literate
monks
and
technical
skills,
Chinese/Korean
skills
and
architecture
coming
into
Japan.
- Tdaiji
bronze
Buddha
!Earliest
Japanese
Literature:
- Histories:
Kojiki
(712)
and
Nihon
Shoki
(720)
- Manysh,
anthology
of
verse,
759
!Court
Culture:
- Paid
for
by
taxing
the
peasants.
!8th
Century
Life
Expectancy:
- Average
life
expectancy
at
birth:
2833
years
- Infant
mortality
high
!Heian
Japan:
-
794
1180
C.E.
Capital
moved
from
Nara
to
Heian
(Kyto)
Both
used
Chinese
imperial
layout
as
model.
Three
phases:
794900
Kingly
rule
9001050
Fujiwara
Age
(classical
refinement,
height
of
aristocratic
court
culture)
10501180
rule
by
retired
monarchs/emperors
retaking
the
throne.
!Heian
Bureaucracy:
- No
civil
service
exam
- Hereditary
aristocratic
society
favoured
family
connections
over
merit
!Heian
Buddhism:
-
Monks
Kukai
and
Saicho
bring
new
life
to
Buddhism,
9th
century
Kukai:
esoteric
Buddhism
Saicho:
esoteric
and
Tendai
Buddhism
Buddhism
central
in
Heian
society,
coexisting
with
folk
religion
(Shint)
- Kukai
and
kana
grass
script
from
China
used
to
develop
a
syllabary
by
late
9th
century.
!Refined
Court
Culture:
- Fujiwara
Era
had
much
political
intrigue
elite
women
used
education
to
compete
for
power
- Sei
Shonagon
Pillow
Book
(Ebrey,
154)
- Emphasis
on
decorum,
if
you
were
aristocratic
follow
certain
norms.
- Murasaki
Shikibu
Tale
of
Genji
(novel
about
court
life)
- Kana
syllabary
associated
with
writing
by
women
(though
not
exclusively)
- Heian
aesthetics
Bydin
temple
!Sugawara
no
Michizane:
- Illustrates
how
animist
ideas
remained
in
culture
- Michizane
rose
as
a
scholar,
was
noticed
by
a
monarch,
and
died
in
exile,
a
victim
of
plotting
- His
spirit
was
credited
with
avenging
the
plotters,
enshrined,
and
eventually
made
patron
deity
of
literature
(Ebrey
152).
!Late
Heian
Unrest:
- Rebellions
in
the
provinces
increased
- Even
Buddhist
monasteries
had
warrior
monks
who
interfered
in
Heian
court
politics.
- Estates
(shen)
provided
escape
from
heavy
taxation,
became
powerful
FINISH
!Mapp,
Ending
Times:
- In
Buddhism,
the
teachings
said
to
degenerate
in
successive
ages
- Japanese
calculated
the
beginning
of
mapp
as
1052
!Buddhism
Offers
Some
Hope:
- Lotus
Sutra
(focus
of
Saichs
Tendai
and
other
schools
of
Buddhism
- Pure
Land:
faith
in
saving
grace
of
Amida
Buddha
