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Cabin Safety Compendium

Issue 1

A Companion to the Operator's Flight Safety Handbook

Developed by the Cabin Safety Team

Operator Safety Practices Working Group
Global Aviation Information Network (GAIN) Program

December 2001

A TRIBUTE
The GAIN Working Group A Cabin Safety Team
dedicates this body of work in memory of our comrades
lost in the line of duty on September 11, 2001 aboard
American Airlines Flight 11
American Airlines Flight 77
United Airlines Flight 93
United Airlines Flight 175

They will not be forgotten..

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
FOREWORD

ABBREVIATIONS

vii

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.1.1

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1-2

USE OF THIS DOCUMENT

1.2 SCOPE
1.3 GENERAL
SECTION 2 ROUTINE PROCEDURES
2.1 PRE-FLIGHT & PRE-BOARDING PROCEDURES
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3

PRE-FLIGHT PROCEDURES
PRE-FLIGHT CHECKS
PRE-BOARDING PASSENGERS

2.2 GENERAL BOARDING PROCEDURES

2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.2.8
2.2.9
2.2.10

GENERAL PASSENGER BOARDING

UNACCOMPANIED MINORS
TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES
MULTIPLE OCCUPANCY OF SEATS
SEAT DUPLICATIONS
CARRIAGE OF STRETCHER PATIENTS
CABBIN BAGGAGE (CARRY-ON LUGGAGE)
STOWAGE OF CABIN BAGGAGE
CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS (CRS)
PETS

2.3 RAMP ESCORTING PROCEDURES

2.3.1

GUILDELINES FOR ESCORTS

2.4 TAXI-OUT PROCEDURES

2.4.1
2.4.2

SAFETY DEMONSTRATION
OTHER TAXI/PRE-TAKE-OFF RESPONSIBILITIES

2.5 INITIAL CLIMB/CRUISE RESPONSIBILITIES

2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3

GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES
PHOTOGRAPHY ON BOARD
SMOKING ON BOARD

2.6 INITIAL DESCENT PROCEDURES

2.7 FINAL DESCENT PROCEDURES
2.8 TAXI-IN PROCEDURES
2.8.1
2.8.2
Table of Contents

TAXI PROCEDURES
ARRIVAL AT GATE

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2.9 TURBULENCE
2.9.1
2.9.2
2.9.3
2.9.4
2.9.5
2.9.6
2.9.7

GENERAL
PRE-DEPARTURE CREW BRIEFING
TURBULENCE PROCEDURES DURING FLIGHT
UNANTICIPATED TURBULENCE
ANTICIPATED TURBULUENCE
TURBULENCE TERMINOLOGY
CREW COMMUNICATIONS & COORDINATION

2.10 FUELLING WITH PASSENGERS ON BOARD

2.10.1 CREW PROCEDURES
2.10.2 DOORS & EXITS
2.10.3 STRETCHER PATIENTS

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
SAFETY MANUAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FORMAT
SILENT REVIEW

3.2 EMERGENCY LANDING PLANNED

3.2.1

GENEREAL

3.2.2 BRACE POSITIONS

3.3 EVACUATION OVERVIEW
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3

GENERAL
EMERGENCY GUIDELINES
SURVIVAL IN THE DESERT

3.4 SEA DITCHING

3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3

GENERAL
PREPARATION FOR AN EVACUATION ON WATER
EVACUATION AT SEA

3.5 FIRE IN CABIN

3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6
3.5.7

FIRE PREVENTION
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
GENERAL CABIN SMOKE/FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES
PROCEDURE FOR EVACUATING SMOKE FROM AIRCRAFT
LAVATORY FIRE PROCEDURE
GALLEY FIRE PROCEDURE
SEAT FIRE PROCEDURE

3.6 DECOMPRESSION
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.6.6

Table of Contents

GENERAL
RAPID DECOMPRESSION OBJECTIVE SIGNS
RAPID DECOMPRESSION SUBJECTIVE SIGNS
AT DECOMPRESSION
IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING DECOMPRESSION
POST-DECOMPRESSION PROCEDURES

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3.7 UNRULY PASSENGERS

3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3

GENERAL
UNRULY PASSENGER HANDLING PROCEDURES
MISCONDUCT NOT INVOLVING SAFETY OF FLIGHT

3.8 HIJACKING
3.9 CREW INCAPACITATION
3.9.1
3.9.2

FLIGHT DECK CREW INCAPACACITATION

CABIN CREW INCAPACITATION

3.10 DANGEROUS GOODS

3.10.1 GENERAL
3.10.2 HAZMAT POLICY
3.10.3 CABIN CREW PROCEDURES FOR SUSPECTED HAZMAT

3.11 IN-FLIGHT MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

3.11.1
3.11.2
3.11.3
3.11.4
3.11.5
3.11.6
3.11.7
3.11.8
3.11.9

IN-FLIGHT MEDICAL EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

IDENTIFICATION OF ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN/UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
SYMPTOMS & TREATMENT
USE OF AN ONBOARD MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL
USE OF A GROUND-BASED PHYSICIAN
USE OF IN-FLIGHT RESOURCES
DEATH ON BOARD

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SECTION 4 SECURITY
4.1 GENERAL SECURITY GUIDELINES
4.2 BOMB THREATS
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4

TYPES OF BOMB THREATS

BOMB THREAT PROCEDURES
BOMB SUSPECTED PROCEDURES
BOMB HANDLING PROCEDURES

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SECTION 5 SUPPORT ACTIVITIES

5.1 HAZARD REPORTING/TRACKING
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7

WHAT HAZARDS SHOULD STAFF REPORT

HOW WILL STAFF REPORT HAZARDS
RECEIPT OF THE REPORT
PROCESSING OF THE REPORT
DISTRIBUTION OF THE REPORT
REPORTING DATABASE
REPORT CLOSURE

5.2 CABIN CREW TRAINING & QUALIFICATION

5.2.1

SUGGESTED TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

5.3 INTERNAL AUDITS

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APPENDIX A: CABIN SAFETY INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES

APPENDIX B: REFERENCE INFORMATION
APPENDIX C: SURVIVAL INFORMATION
APPENDIX D: EXAMPLE CHECKLISTS & TABLES
APPENDIX E: MEDICAL & EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
INDEX

Table of Contents

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FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF CONTRIBUTORS
The Co-Chairs of the Aviation Operator Safety Practices Working Group of the GAIN
Programme would like to thank all of the individuals and organisations that made this
Compendium possible. The quality of this work is directly related to the tireless
contributions of many aviation safety professionals, all of whom gave of their time, their
facilities, and most importantly their wisdom and passion for safety, even in the face of
aviation adversity. This process of bringing together experienced, passionate individuals
and organisations to develop their collective wisdom and provide the result to the
aviation safety community is a sound model for safety improvement worldwide.
The development of the CSC was completed by the Cabin Safety Team Members listed
below. After the final draft was completed, the very able Independent Review Team
listed below was commissioned to do a detailed assessment of the Compendium and
provide recommendations for improvement.
Developers & Contributors:
ABACUS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA
ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL FLIGHT ATTENDANTS
AVIATION RESEARCH, INC.
EXPRESS AIRLINES I/NORTHWEST AIRLINK
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE OFFICE & OFFICE OF SYSTEM SAFETY

ISASI CABIN SAFETY WORKING GROUP

JETBLUE AIRWAYS
MIDDLE EAST AIRLINES
NASA AVIATION SAFETY PROGRAM
SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS
TAM BRAZILIAN AIRLINES
TRANSPORT CANADA
TRANS WORLD AIRLINES
UNITED AIRLINES
Independent Review Team Members:
AER LINGUS
CANADIAN SOCIETY OF AIR
SAFETY INVESTIGATORS
FINNAIR

Foreword

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL
AVIATION ORGANIZATION
MEDAIRE, INC.
TRANS WORLD AIRLINES
UNITED AIRLINES

December 2001
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Foreword

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ABBREVIATIONS
ABP
AC
AED
ATSB
CAIR
CRS
CSR
DGCA
ELT
FAA
FAR
Fwd
GAIN
GPS
HF
ISASI
JAA
JAR
NTSB
OFSH
PA
PAX
PBE
PIC
TCAS
UNAM
VHF

Abbreviations

Able Bodied Person

Alternating Current
Automatic External Defibrillator
Australian Transport Safety Bureau
Confidential Aviation Incident Reporting (Australia)
Child Restraint System
Customer Service Representative
Directorate General of Civil Aviation
Emergency Locator Transmitter
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Aviation Regulations
Forward
Global Aviation Information Network
Global Positioning System
High Frequency
International Society of Air Safety Investigators
Joint Aviation Authority of Europe
Joint Aviation Requirements
National Transportation Safety Board
Operators Flight Safety Handbook
Public Address
Passenger(s)
Protective Breathing Equipment
Pilot-In-Command
Traffic Collision Avoidance System
Unaccompanied Minor, also called UNIMS, UM, Young
Passengers (YP), Unaccompanied (UNAC)
Very High Frequency

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Abbreviations
I

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SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1

BACKGROUND

This document is a companion to the Operators Flight Safety Handbook (OFSH), which was
also developed by the Aviation Operator Safety Practices Working Group of the Global Aviation
Information Network (GAIN) Programme. The intent of this compendium is to provide
guidance to an aviation operator for the establishment and monitoring of a cabin safety
programme within the organisation.
1.1.1 Use Of This Document
This document was developed as a companion to the Operator Flight Safety Handbook (OFSH),
which was released in June 2000 as a product of the Aviation Operator Safety Practices Working
Group of the Global Aviation Information Network (GAIN) Program.
Like the OFSH, this Cabin Safety Compendium (CSC) is intended as a guide for operators to
develop a cabin safety program. There is no regulatory or standard development intent within
the document; in fact, the CSC often contains alternative practices in use by operators throughout
the world. The intent is that in using the OFSH and this CSC, each operator can develop or
improve a custom Cabin Safety Program, which is tailored to the specific requirements of the
organisation.
In a similar manner, this document does not intend to capture and present all acceptable methods
of performing any particular function; instead, it presents samples of current practice.
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance when developing procedures that have an
impact on flight safety in the general handling of aircraft, passengers and cargo. Such
procedures should be incorporated into the following Operator manuals as appropriate:

Flight Operations Policy Manual

Station Operations Manual
Aircraft Loading Manual
Cabin Crew Safety Procedures Manual
Ramp Operations Manual
Security Manual

In all cases, any procedures developed should be consistent with prevailing instructions set out in
the following appropriate aircraft and/or equipment manufacturer documentation:

Flight Crew Operating Manual

Maintenance Manual
Cabin Crew Operating Manual
Weight and Balance Manual

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In addition, procedures must also comply with any applicable State Health and Safety
regulations. (The term State, as used herein, refers to any sovereign entity that regulates air
commerce.)
1.2

SCOPE

The scope of cabin safety used in this compendium encompasses all cabin crew responsibilities
from pre-flight to post-flight. It begins with the cabin crew pre-flight/pre-boarding checks,
through boarding, in-flight, and post-flight checks after all passengers have deplaned. Specific
scope includes the following:

1.3

Focus on passenger carrying operations (including combination passenger/cargo operations,

but excluding cargo only operations).
Safety of passengers and cabin crew only - the flight deck crew is excluded (flight deck crew
will be incorporated to the extent to which they interact with the cabin crew).
Hazardous cargo carriage will be covered related to cabin baggage only, thereby excluding
cargo area hazardous materials.
Cabin safety is taken to mean "the breadth of functions covered by the cabin crew related to
crew or passenger safety", not just safety activities inside the cabin area. For example,
marshalling/escorting passengers on the ramp, as is the case with regional operators, and
passenger loading with engines running would be covered. Note: Specific procedures,
policies, and regulations will vary among operators and States.
Security, as it relates to issues that directly affect passenger and cabin crew safety during preflight and post-flight activities. In essence, these consist of security issues inside the cabin
(i.e., unruly passengers, weapons, etc.).
Procedures include, but are not limited to, the following: passenger boarding; seat
assignment; passenger safety briefing; service equipment storage/use; emergency medical
equipment storage/use (oxygen, AED, first aid kit, etc.); handling of medical emergencies;
non-medical emergency equipment storage/use (fire extinguishers, protective breathing
equipment, etc.); in-flight emergency procedures (smoke, fire, etc.); cabin baggage
storage/access; cabin crew announcements; turbulence penetration procedures (including
procedures for achieving various levels of secure cabin in preparation for
turbulence/weather penetration); handling unruly passengers; emergency evacuation (general
procedures only, no aircraft specific procedures for doors, window exits, plug/hatch type
exits, evacuation slides, etc.); and routine deplaning.
GENERAL

One of the most important aspects of flight safety is that all crewmembers should be aware that it
is vital to communicate, cooperate and work together as a team, in both routine and emergency
situations.

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The following chain of command should always be respected:

Pilot-In-Command (PIC)
First Officer or Cruise Captain (where applicable)
Flight Engineer or Second Officer (where applicable)
Lead Cabin Crewmember
Cabin Crewmember

Cabin Crew positions are often referred to using different terms among Operators and States. In
order to have consistent terminology throughout the document, the following position titles are
used:

Lead Cabin Crewmember also called Flight Attendant 1, Purser, #1 Flight Attendant, L1 or
Supervisor, Senior Cabin Crewmember, In Charge Flight Attendant, Cabin Service Director,
Flight Service Director
Cabin Crewmember also called Flight Attendant, In-flight Service personnel, Stewardess,
or Steward

The PIC is responsible for the safety of the passengers, crewmembers, cargo, and aircraft at the
exact point at which the PIC assumes that responsibility in the aircraft and continues until
released from flight duty. Any disagreements relating to this authority will be handled after the
completion of the flight through the proper authority. In the event both the PIC and First Officer
(and other flight deck crew) become incapacitated, the Lead Cabin Crewmember should take
command and ensure the safety of the passengers.
The Cabin Crew is in charge of the passenger cabin area and should ensure compliance with all
applicable State regulations (e.g., Canadian Aviation Regulations, Federal Aviation Regulations,
Joint Aviation Requirements, etc.) concerning safety of flight and passenger activity in the cabin.

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SECTION 2 - ROUTINE PROCEDURES

2.1

PRE-FLIGHT & PRE-BOARDING PROCEDURES

2.1.1 Pre-flight Procedures

A pre-flight crew briefing should be mandatory for all flights including subsequent legs with the
same crew. The briefing can be accomplished with all crewmembers present, or between the
PIC and the Lead Cabin Crewmember, in which case the Lead Cabin Crewmember would then
brief the remaining Cabin Crewmembers. This briefing should address the following topics:

Number of cabin crew on board

Passenger load factor
Passenger boarding time
Anticipated length of taxi
In-flight weather
Anticipated delays
Unusual circumstances pertaining to the flight
If flight route may require use of supplemental oxygen units during a decompression
Presence of armed and escorted passengers including seat locations
Number of passengers with disabilities and the nature of those disabilities that would affect
the seating
Number of Unaccompanied Minors (UNAMs) and other special needs passengers to be
boarded
Service overview
Review aircraft specific safety procedures
Flight specific security procedures

2.1.2 Pre-flight Checks

Pre-flight aircraft checks must be accomplished on each flight prior to passenger boarding. This
includes checking for presence of emergency equipment, completing security checks and
checking catering.
Prior to passengers boarding the aircraft all cabin crewmembers should:

Introduce themselves to the flight deck crew (some Operators require the flight deck crew to
initiate this process)
Exchange introductions with other cabin crewmembers (unless
Stow personal belongings
Check to ensure that all necessary emergency equipment is available and appears to be in
working order with unobstructed access. Perform a Cabin Security Check. Per regulations,
cabin security checks should be performed on every flight [FAR 108.13 (d)/JAR-OPS
1.1250]
Check operation of jump seat/harness

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Check cabin systems, interphones and video players

Check overall cabin appearance/cleanliness
Check seatback pocket/literature pockets for:
- Presence of Passenger Safety Information Cards (spot/random check, as this function is
normally performed by another department)
- Free of extraneous items (items in plain view)
Ensure that tray tables/seatbacks are upright and in locked position
Open all overhead bins
Check that lavatories are empty of passengers
Check door exits for barrier straps caught in door or missing
Ensure minimum crew per regulations is onboard prior to passenger boarding
Perform any necessary security checks

2.1.3 Pre-Boarding Passengers - Use and Notification

Pre-boarding is a service that is usually offered on all flights to allow certain passengers to board
the aircraft before general boarding begins. The Gate Agent should inform the Lead Cabin
Crewmember that pre-boarding is beginning. Ensure that the minimum required cabin crew are
onboard and uniformly distributed throughout cabin in accordance with regulations [FARs
121.391 & 121.393/JAR-OPS 1.990] and company policy.
During pre-boarding, all cabin crew should:

Greet pre-board passengers

Assist passengers with seat assignments
Offer assistance with special needs passengers
Individually brief passengers with special needs
Ensure child restraints are properly located and configured; check with the parent/guardian to
ensure that requirements have been met. (See paragraph 2.2.9 for more information)
Check ID and brief jump seat riders as necessary
Ensure seat assignments are in compliance with exit seat criteria; passengers requiring seat
belt extensions should not be permitted to occupy an emergency exit row seat

Those allowed to pre-board may include:

Passengers travelling with infants

- NOTE: Some States have regulatory requirements for infant carriers.
In the US, FAR 121.311 addresses infant carriers: Only FAA approved child
restraint systems may be used during movement on the surface, take-off and
landing. Some Operators may allow passengers to use non-approved child
restraint systems during other phases of flight. Some carriers provide bassinets
that passengers may use for infants during the cruise portion of flight and have
procedures in place to require that parents hold these infants whenever the Fasten
Seat Belt sign is illuminated.
Unaccompanied minors
Passengers needing assistance

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2.2

Armed law enforcement officers and prisoners with escorts

Passengers assigned exit row seating (some operators use this as pre-screening)
Deportees
GENERAL BOARDING PROCEDURES

2.2.1 General Passenger Boarding (Excluding Ramp Escort Operations)

To ensure a smooth and efficient boarding process, the Gate Agent or a Cabin Crewmember will
notify the other cabin crewmembers that general boarding will begin.
Boarding responsibilities for cabin crew include: checking validity of passenger boarding cards,
assisting passengers with seat assignments, monitoring cabin baggage, electronic devices,
ensuring exit seat criteria are met, monitoring child restraint devices as well as keeping a visual
watch of the cabin at all times. Cabin crew should be evenly distributed throughout the cabin in
order to monitor the boarding process.
If it is necessary for a cabin crewmember to leave the aircraft, the Lead Cabin Crewmember or
flight deck crew should be notified.
2.2.2 Unaccompanied Minors (UNAMs)/Unaccompanied Young Passengers
Accepting children for travel without an accompanying adult assumes a very heavy
responsibility. A UNAM who is accepted for passage is in Operator custody until surrendered to
those responsible for the minors welfare at his/her destination.
Operators may accept children between the ages of 5 and 11 (exact ages may vary according to
State or Operator policy) who are travelling alone. Operator policies vary concerning connecting
itineraries. Children 12 and older are considered young adults by most States. Similar
unaccompanied minor procedures may be applied to young adults per Operator or State policies.
Operators should ensure all required documents have been filled out completely prior to
boarding. Childs name, address, persons name and phone number escorting the child to the
airport, persons name and phone number meeting the child, list of connecting flights, special
instructions/needs all should be included, along with the childs ticket/boarding passes, passport,
luggage tags, and any medical conditions.
Proper identification should be verified prior to the child being released from the Operators
responsibility. If the person meeting the flight is not available, the child should be turned over to
Passenger Service or a pre-designated Operator employee.
2.2.3 Transportation of Passengers with Disabilities
In order to comply with certain State regulations and accommodate the needs of passengers with
disabilities, the Operator should NOT:

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Discriminate against any individual with a disability

Refuse transportation to any person with a disability whose appearance or involuntary
behaviour may offend, annoy or inconvenience crewmembers or passengers.
Refuse to provide transportation to individuals with disabilities by limiting the number of
such persons who are permitted to travel on a given flight
Require a disabled individual to occupy a certain seat (except that exit row seating
requirements should be followed)
Require a disabled individual to pre-board
Require a disabled individual to sit on blankets

Upon request, Operators should provide information concerning the location of seats with
movable armrests, wheel chair accessible lavatories and locations for stowing personal
wheelchair, cane and/or other walking devices.
Canes can be stowed along the fuselage wall, in an overhead bin, a closet or under a seat (cannot
impede passenger egress).
Braille Briefing Booklets may be offered when applicable. On board wheelchairs may be
offered, when available.
Non-ambulatory passengers should be personally briefed by a cabin crewmember and include the
following points:

Route to the closest floor level door exit

Location of all other floor level door exits
Time to start moving to an exit in an evacuation
Determination of the most appropriate way to provide assistance in order to prevent injury or
pain

Passengers who cannot sit erect should be seated in a row of seats just forward of a
bulkhead/monument. Seat backs may be reclined for all phases of flight.
Persons with ventilators/respirators may use their approved personal devices while on board,
based on the Operators pre-screening procedures.
Assistance should be offered to passengers when filling out landing cards.
Cabin crew should inquire about the passengers itinerary, including connections and final
destination. If the disabled passenger needs assistance after the flight, the crew shall radio ahead
to ensure assistance is available
2.2.4 Multiple Occupancy of Seats
The maximum age of an infant where multiple occupancy of seats is permitted varies according
to regulatory requirements of States, but typically is less than 2 years.

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2.2.5 Seat Duplications

Cabin crew should handle seat duplications in the following manner:

Verify boarding documents of both passengers

If a discrepancy does exist, notify the Gate Agent with passengers names and indicated seat
number, then reseat the passengers accordingly
Adhere to applicable regulatory guidelines. Minimum crew must remain on the aircraft.
Therefore, in the event that leaving the aircraft is not possible, cabin crew should use an
alternate method of communication to inform the agent of a seat duplication; i.e., have the
flight deck crew request assistance from an agent.

2.2.6 Carriage of Stretcher Patients

While guidelines vary from State to State, the carriage of stretcher patients should be permitted
within the following constraints:

The stretcher should be an approved device and carriage should be limited to one per flight.
The stretcher should be installed in accordance with the Loading Manual, which should show
details of fitting positions, method of installation and the effects on aircraft weight and
balance. The stretcher should be secured to the aircraft and the patient should be secured to
the stretcher with an adequate restraint system.
A certificate indicating the patients ability to travel should be provided to the Operator by an
approved medical agency. An able-bodied attendant should accompany the patient and be
responsible for any necessary care during flight.

2.2.7 Cabin Baggage (Carry-On Luggage)

Though specific limitations vary among both State regulations and Operator policies for
domestic and international flights, this paragraph presents typical conditions.
All cabin crewmembers should check and assist passengers in finding proper cabin baggage
stowage during boarding in a manner that does not interfere with direct and easy access to and
use of emergency equipment.
In order to address both baggage stowing and cabin baggage limitation requirements, the lists
below provide examples of what is and is not typically considered cabin baggage. Examples
of cabin baggage include the following items:

Clothing or garment bags

Tote bags
Suitcases (hard and soft)
Laptop computers
Briefcases
Shopping bags
Papoose-like baby carriers with hard, non-folding frames

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Portfolios
Coolers/Styrofoam boxes
Camcorders
Trade tools (e.g., architectural blueprints in long tube)
Child restraint devices/systems which either will not or cannot be used in-flight
Food items in disposable containers

Items not counted as cabin baggage are:

Purses of reasonable size

Overcoat or jacket/wrap
Umbrella
Small camera/camera pack
Small music player (CD, cassette, etc) with headset
Reading material
Assistance devices for persons with a disability
Food items in disposable containers (some States consider food containers brought on board
as carry on items and must be stowed during taxi)

2.2.8 Stowage of Cabin Baggage

All personal belongings should be restrained in approved stowage areas before the aircraft door
is closed . Approved stowage areas include:

Overhead bins: Each bin should be totally enclosed and have a door that latches closed.
(Some States require secondary restraints, e.g., cargo nets). The weight limitation should be
clearly placarded and the maximum permitted weight should not be exceeded.

Underseat stowages: The space underneath the passenger seat may be utilised as stowage
provided a restraint bar is fitted as part of the seat. The baggage should fit under the seat
securely and should not impede exit from the seat row.

Other stowages: All other stowage areas should be totally enclosed and placarded with the
maximum allowable weight.

Cabin baggage should not be stowed:

At any location where it would impede access to emergency equipment or emergency exits
Against bulkheads
In lavatory compartments

2.2.9 Child Restraint Systems (CRS)

The use of CRS varies among States. Typical policies are presented below.

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Operators are encouraged to allow the use of empty seats to accommodate CRS. However, Operators
are under no obligation to allow un-ticketed children to occupy empty passenger seats, regardless of
whether the child is to be placed in a CRS.
Operator personnel, specifically cabin crewmembers, should be aware of the following items
pertaining to CRS:

The CRS should have a solid back and seat

The CRS should have restraint straps installed to securely hold the child to the CRS
The CRS should be labelled stating that it has been approved for aviation use
The CRS should have instructions on the label which should be followed
Some States require a child who has not reached their second birthday to use a supplementary loop
belt or other restraint device for each infant.
Belly Belts and Vest Type devices are not approved for use during take-off, landing, and
movement on the surface in some States. Although some States have approved the use of belly
belts and other devices that do not have solid backs and solid seats, they are not approved for
take-off, landing or movement on the surface in other States.

US Motor Vehicle Standard FMVSS 213, defines booster seats as seats NOT having backs. Based
on this definition, the use of such automotive booster seats is not authorized in some States. Some
manufacturers market and label their approved aviation child restraint seats as booster seats, even
though these seats have backs. Thus, aviation booster seats with backs, and labelled approved for
aviation use, can be used for all phases of flight provided the label instructions are followed.
NOTE: Children who fit in an automotive booster seat usually can be properly
restrained in an airline passenger seat without a CRS.
Child Restraint Systems should be installed in forward facing aircraft seats, and in accordance with
instructions on the label. This includes placing the child restraint in either a forward or aft facing
direction in the passenger seat. The CRS should not be installed in an emergency exit or in the row
forward or aft of an emergency exit. A window seat is the preferred location; however, other locations
may be acceptable, provided the CRS does not block the egress for any passenger to the aisle used to
evacuate the aircraft. A responsible adult should occupy a seat next to the child.
2.2.10 Pets
Accompanied Pets/Carriage of Small Animals in Cabin:
Dogs, cats, rabbits, and small birds that will fit under the seat as cabin baggage should be
accepted. Quantity and acceptance of pets in the cabin varies from Operator to Operator and
State to State. However, all pets should remain in the approved containers during the entire
flight. Passengers carrying pets should not be assigned seats in an emergency exit row or at a
bulkhead row.
Operators should adhere to required paperwork, including medical documentation. Operators
should be aware of the customs and agriculture restrictions of States to which they provide
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service. Service Animals and Celebrity Animals are usually not subject to this policy.
Passengers are limited to one pet/carrier per passenger:

Dimensions should not exceed the under seat stowage area of the aircraft. Containers should
be ventilated on at least two sides and should prevent any part of the animal from protruding
outside of the container.
Approved soft side carriers specifically designed as pet carriers are acceptable for in-cabin
pets.
Pets should remain underneath the seat in the container at all times.
Pets exhibiting signs of illness or offensive odour should not be accepted.

Service Animals:
Service animals are defined as dog guides, hearing ear animals, or other animals specially trained
to perform essential services. Service animals should be permitted to travel in the cabin on long
duration flights.
A service animal should be considered acceptable if it is free of odour and parasites, well
mannered and harnessed, and kept at the owners feet for the duration of the flight.
The passenger and service animal may be seated at any seat in any row, except for bulkhead and
designated exit rows. There is no limit on the number of service animals allowed in the cabin.
Celebrity Animals:
Celebrity animals are defined as cats/dogs that are seen on popular TV programs, commercials
and/or movies. In some States, a celebrity animal may occupy a passenger seat provided the
celebrity IS the animal, not the owner and the animal companion provides a seat cushion and seat
belt adaptor per Operator requirements.
2.3

RAMP ESCORTING PROCEDURES

For some Operators, cabin crew and ground personnel are assigned as passenger escorts to
accompany all passengers in transit between aircraft and terminal facilities. In some cases, the
route is directly from the terminal to the aircraft; in others, ground transportation is used to move
passengers from the terminal to the aircraft.
Escorts have two primary objectives:

Maintaining the safety and comfort of the passengers

Maintaining the security of the ramp, equipment and checked luggage

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2.3.1 Guidelines for Escorts

Prior to planned departure time (with the pre-flight complete), the cabin crew should proceed
to the terminal boarding gate area.
Cabin crewmembers should sign in with the Customer Service Representative (CSR) at the
gate podium at boarding time. Cabin crew may document any discrepancies that may prevent
an on-time boarding.
At boarding time, approximately 20 minutes to departure, the CSR should announce
boarding, assemble all passengers at the base of the gate stairs and complete a boarding
announcement
When signalled by CSR, escort the passengers to the aircraft observing all safety procedures.
Whenever possible, walkways should be clearly marked. When this is not possible, a direct
route should be used. Avoid walking through other aircraft parking spaces and walking too
close behind parked aircraft.
Operator personnel should be positioned where they can be seen and should always stay
between the passengers and the aircraft, while paying close attention to small children.
Escorts should constantly check to ensure passengers stay together and slow down if needed.
Hand signals should be used to indicate the pathway to the passengers.
At a point where there is a clear unrestricted area from the terminal door, the escort may
allow passengers to proceed to the terminal.
When working with another escort, cabin crew may direct the passengers to the other escort.
However, to ensure the safety of passengers, escorts should be in direct and unobstructed eye
contact with each other.
Remain clear of aircraft engines and propellers. Be vigilant when anti-collision beacons are
flashing, as this indicates an aircraft is moving, about to move, or engines are switched on.
Never walk passengers within close proximity to an aircraft with its propellers turning.
Upon arrival at the aircraft, one cabin crewmember should board the aircraft with the first
passenger immediately behind and assume a position in the area facing the boarding door,
then proceed to greet and assist the remaining boarding passengers. Station personnel should
escort passengers boarding the flight after the initial boarding has begun.
Direct all passengers to assemble at the base of the aircraft stairs. Ensure required minimum
cabin crew are on board. When all passengers have deplaned, escort the group to the terminal
entrance. At a point where there is a clear, unrestricted path to the terminal door or a hand-off
person, the cabin crew may allow passengers to proceed.
After the last deplaning passenger has entered the terminal building, the cabin crew should
return to the aircraft to complete post-flight duties.

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Figure 2.1: Example of Escorting Passengers on the Ramp

2.4

TAXI-OUT PROCEDURES

Following the closure of all doors and prior to first movement of the aircraft, the cabin crew
should make an announcement on the Public Address (PA) system to ensure doors are prepared
for departure (e.g., Prepare doors for departure and cross check.)
2.4.1 Safety Demonstration (PA or Video)
The cabin crew should arm the doors, perform necessary cross checks, and notify the Lead Cabin
Crewmember upon completion. A safety demonstration should be given to passengers prior to
each takeoff. All cabin crew should instruct the passengers via video or actual demonstration on
the following:

Importance of following crewmember instructions

Restrictions on the use of passenger owned electronic devices
Smoking restrictions
Fastening seat belts (See Figure 2.2)
Putting seat backs in the upright position
Stowing tray tables
Opening window shades fully (some Operators procedures)
Location of emergency exits
Showing the safety instruction seat pocket card
Use of life vest (See Figure 2.3)
Use of oxygen drop-out systems
Note: The items above are listed in the order in which they would occur in flight.

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Passenger seat belts are provided on every seat. They consist of two
parts to be secured tightly during take-off, landing and any time the
passenger is seated. Seat belt extensions should also be available. Cabin
crew should check them before every departure.
Figure 2.2: Example Seat Belt Usage Instructions

Life Jackets are used for floatation in a ditching situation. They can be found under each cabin
seat. Passengers' life jackets are normally in yellow color and a different color for the crew. Life
Jackets are made up of two buoyancy chambers that can be inflated by two CO2 cartridges, one
for each chamber. Alternatively, two mouthpieces -one for each chamber- may be used to inflate
or deflate them. A water activated light and a whistle are incorporated for the purpose of
attracting rescuers' attention.
To don an adult life jacket: Slip it over your head; Fasten the hooks; Pull it tight around the waist;
Pull down sharply on gas release knobs to inflate; Blow into the red tubes to top up the air if
needed; to loosen the belt, squeeze the buckles.
Life jackets for infants are exactly the same as life jackets for adults, except that they are single
chamber jackets. Children up to the age of 4 years or those weighing up to 20 kgs may use these
life jackets.
Figure 2.3: Example Life Vest Usage Instructions
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Cabin crew should ensure that the following cabin safety precautions are taken:

Cabin baggage should be stowed in approved locations

Overhead bins should be closed
Safety instructions should be carried out
Galley and cabin curtains should be open and securely latched
Galley electrical systems should be Off
Trolleys and ovens should be secured and latched
Loose objects and equipment should be stowed
Passengers should have seat belts fastened and seat backs secured in the upright position
Electronic devices should be turned off and stowed
Infants should either be held on an adult lap or secured in an approved Child Restraint
System/device
Cabin lights should be adjusted for departure to match outside ambient light conditions to
acclimate crew and passengers eyes to outside conditions
Exits should not be blocked
Lavatories should be vacant with the doors closed

2.4.2 Other Taxi/Pre-Take-off Responsibilities

Cabin crew should be seated and secured in assigned seats as soon as pre-take-off safety
responsibilities are met. During taxi, cabin crew should only leave assigned jump seats to
perform duties related to safety of the aircraft and its occupants.
Before each take-off and landing, cabin crewmembers should complete a silent review of
evacuation responsibilities. Suggested topics for the silent review should include, but not be
limited to, the following:

Brace for impact

Judgment
Crew coordination
Evacuation
Operation of assigned and alternate exits
Location of able-bodied passengers
Location of disabled passengers requiring assistance
Evacuation commands

Passengers are to be seated upright during take-off and landing, unless unable due to medical
conditions. [FAR 121.311 (e) /JAR-OPS 1.320]
Any person travelling with an infant should be instructed to secure the infant whenever the
Fasten Seat Belt sign is On. Operator policy and regulations may vary from State to State.
Occasionally, situations occur where the Gate Agent will return the jetbridge/mobile stairs and
reopen the boarding door. The PIC should notify cabin crew prior to the Gate Agent
repositioning the jetbridge/mobile stairs.
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In this situation, the cabin crew should:

2.5

Disarm the appropriate door as the jetbridge/mobile stairs approaches and cross check (in
accordance with procedures in paragraph 2.8.2)
Stay at doors until the aircraft is again ready for departure
Repeat Taxi-Out Procedures
If passengers board after the safety demonstration is started, the safety demonstration must be
repeated in its entirety
INITIAL CLIMB/CRUISE RESPONSIBILITIES

2.5.1 General Responsibilities

Operator policy varies regarding when cabin crew can leave assigned seats once airborne,
however, for most operators this means authorization from the PIC.
General cabin crew in-flight responsibilities include:

Follow sterile cockpit procedures (only safety-related communications below 10,000 feet)
Stow the restraint system upon leaving cabin crew seat
Implement appropriate procedures for the handling of any aircraft emergency, medical
emergency or abnormal situations
Restrain each item of galley equipment and each serving cart with the proper restraint
mechanism when not in use; implement safe lift and lower lobe galley procedures
Ensure passenger compliance with crewmember instructions and lighted signs
Initiate in-flight service when the cabin crew, in coordination with the PIC, has determined it
is safe. (Consideration should be given to the aircraft deck angle, level of service and cabin
equipment)
Adjust cabin lighting as necessary
At least one cabin crewmember should monitor the cabin at all times
Lavatories should be checked periodically to verify they are free of fire hazards
Cabin checks should be performed every 15-20 minutes to monitor the safety and well being
of passengers
Deliver appropriate PAs (e.g., after the Fasten Seat Belt sign is turned Off/On reminding
passengers of seat belt policy)
Check on overfilled trash containers and ensure flapper lids of trash containers are closed
If used, bassinets/cots are to be placed in position only after take-off and re-stowed prior to
landing
Ensure that no person is allowed to enter the flight deck without the prior permission of the
PIC
Any time a cabin crewmember enters the flight deck, they must be aware that the flight deck
crew is often on the radio or otherwise involved in their duties. Therefore, it is appropriate to
enter quietly and wait to be addressed, unless entering for an emergency purpose.
Ensure cabin crew jump seats and appropriate rest seats are occupied only by cabin crew.
Ensure that only approved electronic device types are used on-board

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When moving carts/trolleys in the cabin, be alert for blankets, pillows, and passengers that
may block the aisle
Ensure that carts are not left unattended in the aisle or unsecured in the galley

2.5.2 Photography on Board

Many States prohibit photography of their airports and related facilities. Cabin crewmembers
should ensure that passengers follow proper procedures.
2.5.3 Smoking on Board
Most States prohibit smoking onboard the aircraft.
When smoking is permitted onboard, it is important to ensure that the following bans and
precautions are observed:

Smoking is prohibited:
-

Additionally:
-

2.6

In lavatories
While walking and standing
In the vicinity of passengers receiving oxygen
In the no smoking zones
Whenever the No Smoking sign is switched On
Whenever the aircraft is on the ground

Be aware of passengers smoking, particularly during the night, who may fall asleep and
drop lighted cigarettes
Ensure passengers do not use paper cups as ashtray or throw lighted cigarettes into waste
bins or bags
INITIAL DESCENT PROCEDURES

An announcement is made on the PA by the flight deck or cabin crew requesting passengers to
fasten seat belts. Cabin crew should report any cabin discrepancies to flight deck
2.7

FINAL DESCENT PROCEDURES

The flight deck crew should turn the Fasten Seat Belt sign on and make an announcement at
approximately 10,000 feet. This signals the cabin crew that sterile cockpit procedures are in
effect until the aircraft is parked at the gate. The cabin crew should make a PA pointing out that
the Fasten Seat Belt sign has been illuminated, the descent has begun to the destination airport
and to discontinue the use of electronic devices. The cabin crew should begin compliance
checks.

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Compliance check of the cabin should include:

No smoking
Seat belts fastened and passengers upright for landing
Infants held properly or secured in approved Child Restraint Systems/devices
Seatbacks in fully upright position
Tray tables stowed and locked
All cabin baggage, Child Restraint Systems and loose objects stowed and secured properly
(magazines, newspapers, etc.)
All stowage compartments secured
No cabin baggage, cargo, or trash in unauthorized receptacles

Stowing and securing galley and service equipment:

2.8

Secure galley doors, place curtains and dividers in open position, lifts in down position
Turn off and stow any electronic devices
Check to ensures lavatories are empty and doors are closed
Complete Silent Review
TAXI-IN PROCEDURES (Surface Movement & Arrival Procedures)

2.8.1 Taxi Procedures

Ensure all passengers remain seated with seat belts fastened, seatbacks and tray tables in full
upright and locked position, all electronic devices remain off and baggage properly stowed
until the aircraft comes to a complete stop at the gate and the PIC turns off the Fasten Seat
Belt sign.
Cabin crew should also remain seated during this time unless there is a safety-related
occurrence in the cabin.

2.8.2 Arrival at Gate (After arrival duties and procedures)

When the aircraft comes to a complete stop at the gate, the flight deck crew should turn off
the Fasten Seat Belt sign. When the disembarking equipment begins to move toward the
aircraft an announcement should be made to disarm and cross-check all the doors.
Each entry door should be staffed by a cabin crewmember until disembarking equipment is in
place.
Entry doors should be opened per Operators procedures by the responsible Operator
personnel.
Once the disembarking equipment has been properly positioned, ground staff should indicate
their readiness to open the door by communicating a suitable signal (e.g., knocks on the door
or baggage cart is in view) to the cabin crew.
Upon appropriate signal for door opening, indicate to the ground personnel an appropriate
signal (e.g., thumbs-up signal through the door observation window) that the door may be
opened. Some Operator policies allow the cabin crewmember to slightly open the door, then
step back so the door can be opened.

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2.9

Ensure that the minimum required cabin crew remain onboard and are positioned throughout
the cabin in accordance with appropriate regulations (FARs 121.391 & 121.393/JAR-OPS
1.990).
Ensure that all cabin electrical equipment is turned off.
Implement security procedures (see Section 4).
Disembark after all passengers have left the aircraft or until relieved by another cabin
crewmember.
TURBULENCE

2.9.1 General
Turbulence is the result of atmospheric or environmental effects. En-route turbulence accounts
for a substantial number of cabin crewmembers injuries and can occur at anytime and at any
altitude. Turbulence can be expected or it can be sudden and unexpected. Intensity can vary and
is relative to location of the occupants in the aircraft (generally the aft of the aircraft will
experience greater turbulence intensity than the front).
In the event of light chop/turbulence, the PIC should turn on the Fasten Seat Belt sign. The cabin
crew should make the appropriate announcement and should ensure that all passengers are seated
with their seat belts securely fastened.
In the event of moderate turbulence, cabin crewmembers should secure loose items and secure
themselves in the jump seats. Communicate with the flight deck crew for the anticipated duration
of the turbulence.
In the event of severe turbulence, cabin crewmembers should secure themselves immediately in
the closest seat or whatever means is available. This could include sitting on the floor, when no
other means is available.
The safety of the cabin crewmembers is paramount during turbulent conditions because if they
are injured, passengers needs cannot be met.
2.9.2 Pre-departure Crew Briefing
The PIC should include a weather/turbulence briefing with the standard pre-departure briefing,
and cabin crew should pay particular attention for turbulence forecasts. The weather briefing
should contain the following:

Discussion of critical Exposure Periods (which could include take-off, cruise over known
areas of turbulence and descent)
Expected en-route weather
Forecasted turbulence location (in terms of flying time and degree of reported turbulence)
The timing of weather updates to the Lead Cabin Crewmember
Communication of possible service modifications prior to expected turbulence encounters
Establishment of the all clear signal

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2.9.3 Turbulence Procedures During Flight

While in flight, the flight deck crew should communicate with the cabin crewmembers if
turbulence is expected or encountered. The cabin crewmember should immediately communicate
this information to the other cabin crewmembers. Cabin crewmembers should prepare the cabin
according to the level of turbulence anticipated.
Communication must flow two ways. Cabin crew should not wait for the flight deck crew to turn
on the Fasten Seat Belt sign. If conditions dictate, the cabin crew should make PAs instructing
passengers to return to their seats and fasten seat belts, then request the flight deck crew to turn
on the Fasten Seat Belt sign.
NOTE: If a reasonable amount of time has elapsed with no turbulence and the Fasten
Seat Belt sign remains on, cabin crewmembers should initiate contact with the flight deck
crew via interphone in order to determine if it is safe to resume duties.
2.9.4 Unanticipated Turbulence
When moderate or greater turbulence is encountered unexpectedly, cabin crew should:

Immediately take the nearest seat or jump seat and fasten seat belt and shoulder harness
Direct passengers via PA to fasten seat belts
Do not take time to secure loose items/galley
If a reasonable amount of time has elapsed with no turbulence and the Fasten Seat Belt sign
remains on, the cabin crew may initiate contact with the flight deck crew to determine that it
is safe to resume duties

2.9.5 Anticipated Turbulence

When notified by the flight deck crew that turbulence is anticipated, the Lead Cabin
Crewmember should:
Ask how much time is available prior to the encounter, anticipated intensity and duration of
the turbulence, the all clear signal and any other specific information/instructions
Ensure all cabin crewmembers are given the same information
Ensure steps to secure the cabin are accomplished in priority order; time available will
determine what steps can be accomplished
Coordinate with the flight deck crew regarding appropriate announcements advising the
passengers of the situation, including fastening their seat belts
All cabin crewmembers should:

Ensure all occupants are seated and seat belts fastened; infants/children should be secured in
approved CRS or seat, conditions permitting
Ensure all lavatories are vacated
Secure all loose items in the cabin and galleys; all carts should be stowed and locked

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Take designated cabin crew jump seats and fasten seat belt and shoulder harness
Remain seated until the all clear signal from flight deck crew
Check passengers and cabin upon all clear signal

2.9.6 Turbulence Terminology

Cabin crew should use the terminology in the Turbulence Intensity Criteria Table in Appendix D
when referring to turbulence intensity.
2.9.7 Crew Communication & Coordination
To ensure effective flight deck and cabin communication during turbulence, cabin crew should:

Discuss turbulence procedures in pre-flight briefing

The PIC should brief the cabin crewmembers prior to encountering turbulence
When the Fasten Seat Belt sign is illuminated, or about to be illuminated, the flight deck and
cabin crewmembers should communicate as soon as possible
Make the appropriate PA when Fasten Seat Belt sign is illuminated
Make periodic announcements if the Fasten Seat Belt sign remains illuminated for
prolonged periods or passengers do not comply with the Fasten Seat Bbelt sign
NOTE: If turbulence persists through descent and the prepare for landing
announcement is made, the flight deck crew should also direct cabin crewmembers to
remain seated. The cabin crew should immediately advise the flight deck crew if the
cabin and galley are not secured for landing.
When the Fasten Seat Belt sign is turned off, a crewmember should make a PA
announcement for the passengers to keep their seat belts fastened while seated.

Turbulence injury prevention takes a combination of teamwork and personal responsibility. The
most important responsibility for preventing turbulence injuries will continue to rest with each
individual crewmember. Flight deck crew and cabin crewmembers should keep each other
informed of conditions and take appropriate actions to avoid injuries.
2.10

FUELLING WITH PASSENGERS ON BOARD

2.10.1 Crew Procedures

Fuelling and de-fuelling may be carried out with passengers on board provided that the following
crew procedures are observed [FAR 121.570/JAR-OPS 1.305]:

The flight deck crew should ensure that:

- The aircrafts main engines are shut down
- The No Smoking signs are switched on
- The Fasten Seat Belt signs are switched off

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The cabin crew should ensure that:

- Passengers are informed (by suitable PA announcement) that fuelling operations are to
take place
- Passengers do not smoke
- All items of personal electrical equipment are switched off
- Passengers remain seated, with their seat belt released
- All aisles and routes to exits remain clear from obstructions
- The outside area beneath each exit remains clear
- The refuelling supervisor is informed immediately if any fuel vapour is detected in the
cabin

2.10.2 Doors & Exits

One main exit door forward of the wing should remain open, with a jetbridge/mobile stair in
position
One main exit aft of the wing should remain closed with the mode selector set to Armed
until completion of the fuelling operation
All other doors should remain closed, with the mode selector set to Manual
A cabin crewmember should be positioned at each main exit door

2.10.3 Non-ambulatory Passengers

Notify fire services of seat assignments

Designate an exit through which a stretcher can be removed, if necessary

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SECTION 3 - EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

3.1

GENERAL

3.1.1 Emergency Situations

The majority of all emergencies happen on take-off or landing with no prior warning. These
emergencies are sudden and unexpected, leaving minimum time to react.
Whenever a take-off or landing manoeuvre exhibits a definite difference in forces, sounds, or
attitudes from the normal, determine the necessity to prepare the passengers for a possible impact
and if deemed appropriate shout passenger protective commands repeatedly (e.g., Bend down,
stay down).
In both the planned and unplanned emergency situations, the suggested sequence of actions to be
taken and associated commands and announcements to be made by the cabin crew are provided
in the Planned Emergency Checklist and Unplanned Emergency Checklist provided in
Appendix D. The Evacuation Command and Procedures - Special Circumstances table can
also be found in Appendix D.
3.1.2 Safety Manual Emergency Procedures Format Suggestions

Checklist pages should be tabbed red to indicate importance and placed into the Inflight
Handbook
Pages should be card stock and colour-coded to correspond with type of anticipated
emergency (e.g., water: blue, land: tan) and visible for reading during night
Ditching card should be laminated for use in the water
All information should be included in one fold-out page for easy reference
This information should also be in an easily accessible and secure location (e.g., inside
cockpit door)

3.1.3 Silent Review

Conduct a silent review as per paragraph 2.4.2.
3.2

EMERGENCY LANDING - PLANNED

3.2.1 General
The PIC will advise the Lead Cabin Crewmember of an emergency situation as soon as possible.
The Lead Cabin Crewmember will obtain the necessary information to prepare the cabin
crewmembers and cabin.
Cabin crewmembers should use the Planned Emergency Checklist in Appendix D in the order
in that it is written when preparing for an emergency landing.
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A planned emergency landing may be precautionary in nature and may not require an
evacuation.
3.2.2 Brace Positions
There are two reasons for establishing brace positions:

To reduce flailing of the body during an impact

To reduce secondary impact

In planned emergencies, bracing should be under-taken when the command is announced from
the flight deck (e.g., Brace, Brace). In unanticipated emergencies, it is possible that no
command will be announced from the flight deck. Cabin crew should always be prepared to give
passengers commands (e.g., Heads Down, Stay Down). All bracing positions should be
maintained until the airplane has come to a final stop.
The following figure and table describe example standard brace positions:

Figure 3.1: Example Brace Positions

POSITIONS
PASSENGER BRACING POSITION

ALTERNATE POSITION
i.e., PASSENGER SEATED IN FIRST
ROW, PREGNANT
INFANTS

Section 3:Emergency Procedures

DESCRIPTIONS
Seat belt is low and tight.
Lean forward with feet flat on floor (feet
position may vary among States).
Wrap arms under knees.
Head rests on knees
Lean forward, feet flat on the floor (feet
position may vary among States).
Cross wrists on seatback in front.
Press forehead against back of hands.
An infant travelling in an approved Child
Restraint System/device should remain in the
CRS/device.

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An infant travelling without an approved CRS,

the accompanying adult should ensure:
Personal seat belt is low and tight.
Feet flat on the floor
Adult supports infants head and back with
one arm
Other arm under adults knees.
Adult leans over infant cheek to cheek with
adult.
Ensure infant head is protected with palm
of hand.
FWD FACING JUMP SEAT:
Seat belt and shoulder harness securely
fastened with buckle in centre of lap and as
low as possible.
Feet slightly apart/flat on the floor for
stability.
CHIN DOWN, HEAD DOWN
Hands may be placed under hips, palms up
or arms may be folded and locked (not
holding on to harness.

CABIN CREW

AFT FACING JUMP SEAT:

Seat belt and shoulder harness securely
fastened with buckle in centre of lap and as
low as possible.
Feet slightly apart/flat on the floor for
stability.
Head positioned solidly against headrest.
Hands may be placed under hips, palms up or
arms may be folded and locked (not holding
onto harness)
Table 3.1 Example Brace Position Descriptions
3.3

EVACUATION OVERVIEW

3.3.1 General
Cabin crew should be prepared to evacuate the aircraft if an emergency situation develops. Cabin
crew should also be alert to clues that may signal a emergency, such as sparks, fire, smoke,
unusual noises, impact forces and abnormal aircraft attitude.
The majority of emergencies happen on take-off or landing with no prior warning. These
emergencies are sudden and unexpected leaving minimum time to react.
There are two types of evacuations:
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Planned: Those for which sufficient time exists to brief the passengers and crew
Unplanned: Those for which there is insufficient time to brief the passengers and crew

3.3.2 Emergency Guidelines

Evacuation should not be initiated until the aircraft has come to a complete stop
Ensure engines are not running before opening door directly forward or aft of an engine
Be prepared for more than one impact
Cabin crewmembers should begin evacuation immediately upon signal from the flight deck
crew
Cabin crew should make an independent decision to initiate an evacuation when there is
severe structural damage, a life-threatening situation (fire, smoke, impact forces, ditching) or
abnormal aircraft attitude exists and there is no response from the flight deck crew
If there is an emergency and time permits, notify the flight deck crew prior to initiating an
evacuation; if time does not permit, notify the flight deck crew simultaneously upon
commencement of evacuation
Cabin crew should follow any additional instructions the flight deck crew may give over the
PA system
If one cabin crewmember initiates an evacuation, all cabin crewmembers should follow
evacuation procedures immediately
When a crewmembers life is directly and imminently in danger, the cabin crewmembers
personal safety should always take priority

3.3.3 Survival in the Desert

See Appendix C, paragraph C.1 for desert survival information.
3.4

SEA DITCHING & EVACUATION

3.4.1 General
It is essential that in order to survive and be rescued successfully, some basic factors must be
taken into consideration. These factors are listed here below in order of priority:

Protection: The most pressing action should be protection from the adverse effects of the
environment (i.e., water, the chilling effect of wind on wet clothing, extremes of temperature,
etc.)
Location: Have all signalling equipment ready
Water: Take as much water as possible and plan on rationing it
Food: Check on rations available; if the quantity of the water supply is in question, decrease
the food ration; the quantity of food and water must vary in direct proportion

For both the planned and unplanned ditching situations, the specific suggested sequence of
actions to be taken, along with associated commands and announcements to be made by the
cabin crew are provided in the Planned Ditching Checklist and Unplanned Ditching
Checklist provided in Appendix D.
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3.4.2 Preparation for an Evacuation on Water

In a prepared ditching, the cabin, passengers and cabin crew preparation involve the same
procedures as with an emergency landing, except for the following:

Passengers should be informed over PA about the ditching procedure

Cabin crew should demonstrate the donning of life vests, brace positions, point out the exits,
and finally, show the safety instruction cards
Cabin crew should make sure that passengers have correctly donned life vests (including
infants life vests), and understand how to inflate them
Passengers should be reminded to inflate life vests only after leaving the aircraft

The same basic rules apply for ditching as for crash landing. Water is not a soft surface and
considerable damage to the fuselage should be expected.
3.4.3 Evacuation at Sea
The following are suggested items for the crew to consider when preparing to evacuate the
aircraft following a sea ditching (Refer to Appendix D, paragraphs D.5 and D.6 for the
Unplanned and Planned Ditching Checklists):

Determine the water level outside the aircraft

Determine the water level inside the aircraft
If water level is close to the doorsill, slide/life rafts can be detached and moved to a useable
exit
Some exits may be unusable due to the aircrafts attitude in the water.
- Emergency Equipment For Overwater Operation (FAR 121.339/JAR-OPS 1.830 &
1.825)
- Emergency Flotation Means (FAR 121.340)
Non-overwater equipped aircraft should include the following flotation equipment:
- Crew life vests
- Passenger seat cushions
- Slides
Partially overwater equipped aircraft should include the following floatation equipment:
- Crew life vests
- Passenger life vests
- Passenger seat cushions
- Slides
Overwater equipped aircraft should include the following floatation equipment:
- Crew life vests
- Passenger life vests
Extra life vests
Child life vests
- Passenger seat cushions
- Slide/life raft combination

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3.5

Life raft
Survival kit
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
FIRE IN CABIN

3.5.1 Fire Prevention

While every effort is made by manufacturers, regulatory authorities and Operators to reduce the
risk of fire on board by providing fire resistant material and enforcing rules designed to minimize
fire hazards, fires still occur for various reasons.
Cabin crew should be alert to potential fire hazards that may exist within the passenger cabin,
including the monitoring of the cabin at frequent intervals, especially on night flights, looking for
smoke or fire. Cabin crew should also conduct frequent lavatory checks to ensure no smoke or
fire is present.
Trash containers should be checked for partially open flapper doors due to overfull or jammed
conditions. This is important so that the lavatory fire extinguisher will operate properly. Excess
waste should be removed and placed in the galley trash container. Cologne bottles, spray cans
and any other hazardous objects should be removed and placed in a galley trash container.
The best fire prevention involves continuous vigilance in the application of the procedures
described, and a thorough program that describes the three elements of fire along with the need
to keep these elements separated.
The three elements of fire are:

Oxygen (present in the atmosphere, in certain emergency/medical equipment)

Ignition source (electric, heat, matches)
Flammable solid or substance (material, paper, rubber, fuel, gases, etc.)
Oxygen

FIRE

Flammable Solid/
Substance

Ignition Source
Figure 3.2: Fire Triangle

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3.5.2 Classification of Fire

There are several types of fires that can occur on an aircraft. Cabin crew should be able to
identify each type and determine the most effective extinguishing agent to use.
Fires are divided into four main groups with different characteristics:

Class A Fire - Flammable Solids

Any object that might catch ignition and be set on fire requiring the cooling effect of water (e.g.,
material, wood, paper, cushions, etc.) It is safe to use any type of extinguishers against such fire
whenever water is not available.

Class B Fire - Liquid Fire

Liquid fire involves flammable substances that are usually lighter than water (e.g., oil, fuel,
paint, kerosene). Water and water glycol fire extinguishers should not be used to fight such fire,
as water will only help it spread and expand. Concentration should be on the exclusion of
oxygen.

Class C Fire - Electrical Fire

Fire involving electrical equipment is usually the result of a short circuit. It is essential to cut the
electrical source of ignition and exclude the oxygen. Beware of using water against such fire to
prevent electric shocks. If there is no other alternative, water glycol extinguishers could be used
in short shots.

Class D Fire Metal Fire

Metal fire involves certain combustible metals (e.g., magnesium, titanium, potassium, sodium).
These metals burn at high temperatures and give off sufficient oxygen to support combustion.
They may react violently with water or other chemicals and must be handled with care.
3.5.3 General Cabin Smoke/Fire Fighting Procedures
Cabin crewmembers must alert the PIC of any smoke in the cabin immediately and provide
status reports on a regular basis. When reporting any indications of a potential problem,
crewmembers should clearly define the area of the smoke origin, as well as its density, colour,
and odour.
Fire fighting principles aim at limiting the area of fire by eliminating any one of its three
components: i.e., cutting the source of ignition, cooling the heat (by water glycol fire
extinguishers, liquids) or by smothering the fire by isolating it from oxygen (halon extinguishers,
blankets, pillows)
As soon as there is an indication of fire or smoke, the crew should act immediately:

One cabin crewmember should remain on the interphone to keep flight deck crew informed
of status

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Another cabin crewmember should obtain an appropriate fire extinguisher and locate the
source of smoke to determine what is burning
Crewmembers should remove all items from the smouldering/smoking area
Turn off electric source, where applicable
Another cabin crewmember should bring all additional fire fighting equipment to the area
Use Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE), if necessary, due to smoke intensity, flames
blowback or fumes
Attack the source of the smoke or fire by directing the extinguisher nozzle towards the base
of the fire, then work forward then upward; the nozzle should sweep the area slowly from
side to side
A passenger requiring oxygen due to smoke inhalation must be re-seated away from the area
to receive supplemental oxygen
Advise passengers to stay seated unless it is necessary to move some passengers away from
smoke, fumes or flames
Instruct passengers to breathe through clothing or wet paper towels, if necessary
Keep the PIC informed as to the number of fire extinguishers used
Upon complete flame elimination, for non-electric or liquid fire use water extinguisher or
other cooling liquid to quench any smouldering members and prevent re-ignition
All burned material should be thoroughly soaked with water and may need to be broken apart
to ensure the fire is fully extinguished
Attempt to keep passengers heads at arm rest level (vapours sink, smoke rises)
Inspect the adjacent area

3.5.4 Procedure for Evacuating Smoke from Aircraft

During fires, casualties resulting from smoke inhalation exceed those resulting directly from the
fire. Whenever a fire produces excessive smoke and fumes inside the passenger cabin, the
following actions should be taken:

Cabin crewmembers should immediately advise the PIC of the situation

The PIC should assess the situation and, if required, initiate the smoke evacuation procedure
according to the aircraft type
Cabin crewmembers ensure that PBEs are utilized as appropriate
Continuously observe passengers for signs of incipient panic and take additional action if
required
Relocate passengers from area of severe smoke and fumes whenever possible and provide
them with wet towels or materials to breath through
Administer oxygen via portable oxygen bottle to any passenger experiencing respiratory
difficulties due to smoke and fumes; ensure such passengers are moved away from the fire
area prior to oxygen administration
Attempt to keep passengers heads at arm rest level (vapours sink, smoke rises)

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3.5.5 Lavatory Fire Procedure

Immediately advise the PIC, other cabin crewmembers and trip lavatory circuit breakers (if
possible). Get back-up. Simultaneously, feel the door with the back of hand to determine fire
intensity:
If the door is cool:

Open door and locate source of fire

Discharge fire extinguisher
Douse with water to prevent re-ignition

If the door is hot: (fire is severe and at a critical stage)

Put on PBE
Ensure additional extinguishers available with back-up
Crouch down to minimize fire and smoke threat
Open door slightly, enough to insert fire extinguisher nozzle, using door as protection
Discharge one fire extinguisher inside and close door
Open door and locate source of fire
Discharge second fire extinguisher, if required
Saturate with water to prevent re-ignition

The same procedure applies to wardrobes with doors and overhead bins.
3.5.6 Galley Fire Procedure

Immediately advise PIC and other cabin crewmembers

Trip galley circuit breakers as necessary
Extinguish fire using appropriate fire extinguisher
When fire is inside an oven, crack oven door, discharge fire extinguisher, wait one minute,
reopen oven door to ensure fire is extinguished, then keep oven door closed

3.5.7 Seat Fire Procedure

Advise PIC and other cabin crewmembers

Use the water glycol fire extinguisher or any other available liquid to extinguish the fire
A blanket or pillow may be used the smother the fire
After extinguishing the fire, use the crash axe on the seat to get to the source of fire by
whatever means are available

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3.6

DECOMPRESSION

3.6.1 General
The pressurization system of the aircraft is used to create a more dense atmosphere within the
cabin so that crew and passengers are kept comfortable and continue to breath normally.
Decompression occurs whenever cabin altitude exceeds the preset altitude in an uncontrolled
way. It could be slow, at which time remedial action such as descent to a lower level is taken,
with little chance of causing damage to the cabin or its occupants. Cabin crew may be aware of a
slow decompression if the oxygen masks drop down. In this event it is essential for cabin
crewmembers to grab an oxygen mask and put it on regardless of how normal cabin conditions
may appear. However, due to various technical, structural or sabotage reasons, a rapid
decompression might occur and will require an emergency descent by the flight deck crew and
immediate action by the cabin crew.
3.6.2 Rapid Decompression Objective Signs
There is always a remote possibility of a rapid loss of cabin pressure in any pressurized aircraft.
The signs of rapid decompression are:

A rush of air
Loud bang
Rapid drop in temperature
Cabin filled with dust, debris, loose objects
Noise level will increase considerably
Moisture will condense in the form of fine mist

3.6.3 Rapid Decompression Subjective Signs

The effects of rapid decompression could be serious to crew and passengers in a few seconds.
The physiological effects on a person are due to a lack of oxygen and the expansion of gases
trapped in the body cavities following the fall in pressure. They are usually accompanied by the
following signs, which might be of short duration but are still dangerous:

There is a sudden expansion of the chest and air is blown out though the nose and mouth
causing difficulties in breathing
Cold sensation
Sinuses and ears may feel full momentarily
Speaking will be more difficult
Abdominal distension sufficient to cause discomfort or pain

3.6.4 At Decompression

Flight deck crew should accomplish the emergency procedures for decompression
/emergency descent

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Cabin crew should put on the nearest available oxygen mask, sit down, and fasten seat belt or
hold on

3.6.5 Immediately Following Decompression

Flight deck crew should advise the cabin crew that emergency descent is over
The PIC should call the Lead Cabin Crewmember to the flight deck to get a preliminary
briefing on the situation in the cabin
Cabin crew should transfer from drop mask to portable oxygen bottles, if required
Cabin crew should assist passengers as required (administer oxygen, first-aid, blankets, etc.)
Ensure the No Smoking sign is respected.
Keep door areas clear
Report any injury or damage to the Lead Cabin Crewmember who will report it to the PIC

The following procedures should be committed to memory:

Cabin crewmembers should make an announcement after notice from the flight deck crew wait for notification before attempting to reach a microphone
Do not remove oxygen mask; put mouthpiece to side of mask and speak loudly
Four points should be covered:
-

Fasten seat belt

Use of supplemental oxygen mask
Stay on oxygen until further advised
No smoking

An example of the decompression PA would be:

Ladies and Gentlemen, fasten your seat belts, pull down on the mask in front of and the oxygen
flow will start automatically. Place the mask over your nose and mouth and breathe normally.
Take the elastic band and place it over your head. Pull the elastic tab on either side of the mask
to tighten the band. Put your mask on then assist those around you with their masks. Use mask
until further advised. Absolutely No Smoking!
NOTE: PAs are only to be made if a cabin crewmember can safely reach the handset at
the time of the decompression. If the cabin crewmembers are in the cabin at the time of
the decompression the commands should be shouted to the passengers without removing
oxygen masks.
3.6.6 Post-Decompression Procedures
Cabin crew should not attempt to repack oxygen masks. Only authorized personnel should
repack oxygen masks. However, to remove any depleted oxygen masks from obstructing
passengers during the remainder of a flight, the cabin crew should place the mask and tubing in

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overhead bins and close the door. Do not pull pins from any units that have not already been
activated.
3.7

UNRULY PASSENGERS/PASSENGER RAGE /PASSENGER MISCONDUCT

3.7.1 General
An unruly passenger is one whose behaviour poses a threat to the safety of the flight and/or its
passengers, crew, or properties. (Note: This behaviour is distinguished from attempted
hijacking, skyjacking, or bomb threats)
Passenger misconduct involves behaviour that poses a threat to the safety of the flight, its
passengers, crew, or property. Passenger misconduct can range from rude and boorish behaviour
to physical assault. Operators should have a zero tolerance for physical assaults against its
crewmembers or agents. Refer to the Misconduct and Category and Action Table in Appendix
D.
During the flight, inform the PIC whenever a potential unruly passenger is on board. Flight deck
crew should avoid dealing directly with such passengers as they are needed to fly the airplane. If
all efforts to contain such an unruly passenger fail and a threat to safety is identified,
immediately advise the PIC who shall evaluate the situation and decide on the course of action.
If the PIC has reasonable grounds to believe that a person has committed or is about to commit
an offence or act which may jeopardize the safety of the airplane, the PIC might impose upon the
person reasonable measures, including restraint, to protect the safety of the airplane, its
passengers, crew, and cargo.
There are several levels/categories of passenger misconduct, as follows:

The most benign are those where a crewmember requests compliance with instructions and
the passenger complies with the request; no further action is required by the crewmember,
nor does this warrant a report to the flight deck, the carrier or the regulatory authority
The second level are those where a crewmember requests the passenger to comply, but the
passenger continues disturbance which interferes with cabin safety, such as continuation of
verbal abuse or continuing refusal to comply with applicable regulations
The most severe cases of passenger misconduct are those where a crewmembers duties are
disrupted by the continuing passenger interference, a passenger or crewmember is injured or
subjected to a credible threat of injury, an unscheduled landing is made, and/or restraints are
necessary

3.7.2 Unruly Passenger Handling Procedures

Procedures for handling the misconduct vary with the severity of the event. An action/procedure
table form of these procedures is contained in Appendix D, Section D.8.

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For the second level described above:

Cabin crewmember and PIC should coordinate efforts to defuse the situation and the cabin
crewmember completes a report of the disturbance
PIC and the cabin crewmember should coordinate issuance of the report to the passenger and
other appropriate actions; the PIC signs the report, which indicates concurrence with
providing the report to the passenger and distributing it upon landing
After landing, the cabin crewmember should provide the completed report to local station
personnel; depending on the carrier operations procedures and local regulations, the PIC may
also be required to submit a separated report of the incident

For the most severe incidents, the procedures above should be followed by:

Notification by the PIC to the operator dispatch of the name and general description of the
passenger, seat number and the nature of the misconduct, and request law enforcement
officials meet the flight
Upon landing, the PIC files a complaint with the local law enforcement agency
The operator dispatch obtains the name and general description of the passenger, seat number
and nature of complaint, informs the landing station, and requests local management notify
the appropriate law enforcement officials
Operator dispatch files necessary paperwork
The landing station where passenger exits the aircraft or is removed should request an
appropriate law enforcement official meet the flight
The landing station should complete all appropriate paperwork

3.7.3 Misconduct Not Involving Safety of the Flight or Passengers

If the flight is on the ground, the passenger service representative or the PIC should decide
whether or not removal is necessary for the reasonable safety or comfort of other passengers. In
making such a decision, it should be remembered that the Operator has the duty as a common
carrier to serve the public without discrimination.
The passenger should be told politely, but firmly, by the cabin crew that the observed conduct is
not permitted aboard this flight. If the misconduct persists, the PIC should use discretion as to
the action necessary to ensure the other passengers a safe and comfortable flight. (Except when
required to ensure safety, physical restraint and unscheduled landings should not be necessary,
but removal at a planned en-route stop may be considered.)
3.8

HIJACKING

In draft form on September 11, 2001, this section contained a composite of the procedures then
in use by several Operators. In the aftermath of the September 11 events, the team felt very
strongly that releasing the CSC with those procedures still intact would be both a disservice to
the Cabin Safety community in general, to the flying public at large, and certainly to the
memories of those lost on that day.

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Since one of the chartering guidelines of the GAIN Aviation Operator Safety Practices Working
Group is to collect and disseminate existing procedures only, the group must wait until those
currently developing new procedures for handling hijacking/skyjacking have completed their
work before they can appear in this product.
3.9

CREW INCAPACITATION

3.9.1 Flight Deck Crew Incapacitation

In case of incapacitation of a flight deck crewmember, the remaining member(s) shall, as soon as
practicable, call a cabin crewmember to help remove the incapacitated crewmember from the
seat. It should be noted that it takes two persons to remove an incapacitated flight deck
crewmember without undue risk of interference with operational controls or switches.
Procedure:

The appropriate emergency signal should be given to the cabin crew

The nearest cabin crewmember to flight deck should proceed to the flight deck
Check if there is a doctor on board
The first cabin crewmember to enter the flight deck should tighten and manually lock the
shoulder harness on the incapacitated flight deck crewmember
- Cabin crewmember will pull the seat completely aft (for seat operation check aircraft
type)
Recline the seat back fully
Remove incapacitated flight deck crewmember from the seat and out of the flight deck
Administer first aid as required
Discretely check if a company qualified pilot is available on board to replace the unconscious
one and continue the flight
If no company qualified pilot available, and/or immediate medical attention is required, the
conscious flight deck crewmember may declare emergency and land at nearest suitable
airport

3.9.2 Cabin Crew Incapacitation

In the event of a cabin crewmember being unable to perform his/her duties:

One cabin crewmember should notify the flight deck crew

Other cabin crewmembers render first aid as necessary
Incapacitated cabin crewmember should sit in cabin seat so as not to block anyone from
moving to an exit in an evacuation
If the incapacitation of the cabin crewmember results in the staffing of cabin crew below the
regulatory minimum, brief an Able Bodied Person (ABP) on the door operation highlighting
that the door should be opened only upon instructions from the crew, and move the passenger
to a seat as close to the exit as is practicable
Assign an assistant to help the incapacitated cabin crewmember in the event of an evacuation
Complete appropriate paperwork

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Cabin crewmembers should, in general, cover each others duties

3.10

DANGEROUS GOODS

3.10.1 General
Dangerous goods are substances or articles that, when shipped, are capable of posing a
significant risk to the health and safety of the crew, the passengers, ground crew, the general
public and/or to the safe operation of the aircraft.
3.10.2 HAZMAT Policy
It should be operator policy to avoid carriage of hazardous materials not qualified as exceptions
under US 49 CFR 175.10 or other similar State guidance. Hazardous materials are prohibited in
luggage or cabin baggage.
However, there are some exceptions if the items are for personal care, medical needs, some
sports, and items used to support physically challenged passengers. A sample list of items which
may be carried on board include:

Personal care items containing HAZMAT (like flammable perfume, aerosols) totalling no
more than 75 ounces/2.2 litres may be carried on board; contents of each container may not
exceed 16 fluid ounces/0.5 litres
Matches and lighters may only be carried on your person; however, strike-anywhere
matches, lighters with flammable liquid reservoirs and lighter fluid are forbidden
Dry ice (4.4 pounds/2 kilograms or less) for packing perishables may be carried on board an
aircraft provided the package is vented to allow carbon dioxide gas build up to escape
Alcohol of 140 proof or less and no more than 5 litres total volume
Electric wheelchairs must be transported in accordance with operator requirements; the
battery may need to be dismounted

Cabin crew must also be aware of the many common items used everyday in the home or
workplace which may seem harmless, however, when transported by air, can be very dangerous.
In flight, variations in temperature and pressure can cause items to leak, generate toxic fumes or
start a fire.
Examples of unacceptable items include:

Fireworks: signal flares, sparklers or other explosives

Flammable liquids or solids: fuel, paints, etc.
Household items: drain cleaners and solvents
Pressure containers: spray cans, butane fuel, scuba tanks, propane tanks, carbon dioxide
(CO2) cartridges, self-inflating rafts
Unauthorized weapons: unauthorized firearms, ammunition, gunpowder, mace, tear gas or
pepper spray

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Other hazardous materials: gasoline-powered tools, wet-cell batteries, camping equipment

with fuel, radioactive materials (except limited quantities), poisons, and infectious substances

In many cases, items of HAZMAT are labelled. Of course, some hazardous items which
passengers attempt to bring aboard are not labelled as HAZMAT and may or may not appear to
be such at a glance. Cabin crew should report passengers carrying suspicious items to the PIC as
soon as they are noticed.
3.10.3 Cabin Crew Procedures for Suspected HAZMAT
If the aircraft is at the Gate, a cabin crewmember should notify the PIC and Gate Agent to
determine the appropriate action to take regarding the hazardous material.
If the aircraft is in flight, the cabin crewmember should notify the PIC and the other cabin
crewmembers. The PIC should then coordinate a plan of action with Ground Operations and
should keep the cabin crewmembers advised of actions to be taken.
3.11

IN-FLIGHT MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

3.11.1 In-Flight Medical Emergency Action Plan

During any medical situation, it is helpful to follow an organized action plan. The plan should
consist of the following topics:

Identification of roles and responsibilities for each crewmember/caregiver

Blood borne pathogen/universal precautions
Assessment of the victim
Types of medical emergencies
Use of on board medical professional
Use of a ground-based physician
Use of medical equipment
Handling a death on board

3.11.2 Identification of Roles & Responsibilities

First crewmember:
Assesses the passenger
Stays and calls for help and medical equipment
Provides first aid
Second crewmember:
Obtains the necessary medical equipment
Helps the first crewmember to provide first aid
Third crewmember:
Communicates with the flight deck

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Requests on board medical volunteers

Communicates with the ground-based physician, if possible
Supports and communicates with any family or travelling companions

3.11.3 Blood Borne Pathogen/Universal Precautions

The management of any medical emergency should include prevention of blood borne diseases,
protective equipment use and disposal of infectious materials. Risk of infection comes from the
passengers body fluids or from soiled dressings or other first aid items. Another hazard is
wounds from sharp items such as needles.
Prevention
Use of personal protection equipment
- pocket mask
- gloves
Hand washing
Disposal of Infectious materials (after treating the passenger, dispose all soiled items, then
immediately wash hands using soap, water, and friction)
Sharps container
Biohazard waste materials bag
Post exposure action plan
Immediate access to medical consultation
Follow-up care
Report an exposure incident to supervisor

Assessment of the Victim

Assessing the victim includes a systematic approach to examining the victim and the situation.
The assessment should include the following components:

Scene safety
Primary survey
- Life-threatening injury assessment
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Bleeding
Secondary survey
- Description of the incident
Past medical history
Current medications
Allergies
- Head to toe assessment (visual signs of trauma, such as broken bones)
- Vital signs

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3.11.4 Medical Emergencies

The management of in-flight medical emergencies should focus on the most common medical
conditions in-flight. The most common in-flight medical emergencies include:

Vasal vagal (fainting)

Cardiac conditions
- Chest pain
- Cardiac arrest
Respiratory conditions
- Asthma
- Hyperventilation
- Obstructed airway
Neurological conditions
- Stroke
- Seizures
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea/vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Motion sickness
Behavioural/Psychological disorders

- Substance abuse
- Panic attacks
Other
- Diabetes
- Eye injuries
- Nose bleed
- Electrical injuries
- Thermal injuries

3.11.5 Symptoms & Treatment

The general symptoms and basic treatment of the most common in-flight medical emergencies is
as follows:
Fainting
Symptoms
- Light-headed or dizzy feeling
- Pales, cold, clammy skin
- Nausea
- In some cases, trembling arms and legs
- Brief loss of consciousness

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Treatment
1. Feel skin to check if it is cold or clammy.
2. Lay the victim flat. Raise legs above level of the heart. Support head with blankets
and pillows.
3. Loosen tight clothing.
4. Consult with a ground-based physician if possible. Consider giving oxygen if the
victim continues to feel faint.

Heart Attack
Symptoms
- Chest pain
- Pain, numbness or tingling, spreading to neck, jaw, shoulder, or down one arm
- Pale, or gray, cold, clammy skin
- Nausea and vomiting
- Difficulty breathing
- History of angina or known risk factors

Treatment:
1. Reassure the passenger.
2. Give oxygen on high flow setting.
3. Prepare for cardiac arrest.
4. Ask additional crew to retrieve medical equipment (AED).
5. Consult with a ground-based physician if possible .

Asthma
Symptoms:
- Dry cough
- Wheezing and or tightness in chest
- Difficulty breathing
- Blue lips, earlobes, and nail-beds

Treatment:
1. Assess the passengers breathing.
2. Reassure the passenger.
3. Ask if he has medication, if so advise him to take it
4. Help passenger sit forward, resting his arms on the tray table.
5. Loosen tight clothing.
6. Give oxygen on high setting.
7. Consult with a ground-based physician if possible.

Seizure
Symptoms:
- Eyes rolling back
- Loss of consciousness
- Stiff arms and legs and arched back, followed by jerky, uncontrolled movements
- Loss of bladder or bowel control is common
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Treatment:
1. Reassure the passenger.
2. Loosen tight clothing.
3. Place pillows and blankets around passenger to prevent injury.
4. Once the seizure is over, open the passengers airway, check breathing.
5. Give oxygen on high setting.
6. Consult with a ground-based physician if possible .

Nausea & Vomiting

Symptoms:
- Feeling nauseous
- Vomiting
- Pale, sweaty, clammy skin

Treatment:
1. Provide passenger with air sick bag.
2. Offer the passenger a cool, wet washcloth to wipe his face.
3. Offer the passenger clear liquids or ice chips to prevent dehydration.
4. Consult with a ground-based physician if possible.

3.11.6 Use of an Onboard Medical Professional

Make an announcement requesting assistances from a medical professional

Check credentials, if company policy
Release medical equipment to medical volunteer
Allow the on board volunteer to collaborate with the ground-based physician if applicable
Obtain information for reporting (name, address, etc.)

3.11.7 Use of a Ground-based Physician

If a ground-based medical service is available, access as soon as possible. Important information
to be relayed includes the following:

Flight information
Destination
ETA
On board medical resources
Victim information
- Age
- Sex
- Description of the medical incident
- Allergies
- Medical history
- Chief complaint
- Assessment
- Vital signs

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First aid provided & response

3.11.8 Use of In-flight Resources

Managing an in-flight medical emergency includes all appropriate resources on board. These
resources may include the following:
Medical Emergency Kits (see Appendix E for kit contents)
- First Aid Kit
- Emergency Medical Kit (EMK)
- Enhanced Emergency Medical Kit (EEMK)
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Suction Equipment
Oxygen
- Portable
- In-flight medical oxygen
- Oxygen masks, cannulas, tubing
Telemedicine devices
3.11.9 Death On Board
Death in-flight is traumatic for both passengers and crew. The following guidelines will assist
airline personnel in the management of death on board:

Make area around body as private as possible

Cover the body with a blanket if possible place waterproof material under the body in case
of seepage of body fluids
If any medical devices such as electro pads are attached to the deceased person, leave them in
place (Note time life saving procedures were initiated and when they were stopped)
Arrange for medical authorities to meet the aircraft

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SECTION 4 - SECURITY
This section contains a composite of the procedures in use by several United States Air Carriers
prior to the events on September 11, 2001. While security procedures, in general, are presently
under review by both regulators and operators in the aftermath of these events, the team felt that
the core of these procedures would still be of value to operators, until future procedures are
completed.
4.1

GENERAL SECURITY GUIDELINES

Security policies and procedures are developed by individual States and will vary accordingly.
The following are general security guidelines:

A regulatory security program should be approved and followed at all times; for example, in
the US, the Operators Air Carrier Standard Security Program (ACSSP) mandated by the
FAA should provide general directives and special procedures to be carried out by all
employees
Cabin crewmembers should be required to wear valid employee ID cards on their outermost
garment while on the operators property, crew buses, ramp, in hangars, offices, and airport
administration offices
All cabin crewmembers should go through the normal security screening process when
passing through security checkpoints
Crewmembers travelling as Auxiliary Cabin Crew Members or Extra Cabin Crew Members
should display proper identification to the gate agent, cabin crew and the PIC
Cabin crewmembers should challenge any individual in a secure area who does not display
proper identification
Pre-flight/pre-boarding responsibilities should include a visual check for any items that may
have been placed on board. Cabin crewmembers should be alert to unauthorized bags,
containers, or other items in the cabin, overhead bins and stowage compartments, lavatories,
and galleys. If found, cabin crewmembers should notify the flight deck crew. This check is
also to be accomplished between flight segments prior to passenger boarding. Question the
presence of all packages on the aircraft. Operator material in packages should always be
manifested; if appropriate documentation for packages is missing, or cannot be produced by
station personnel, contact the PIC
Cabin crewmembers should be particularly conscious and vigilant when required to land at
an alternate airport
Cabin crewmembers should report all suspicious activity to the PIC
Prior to the boarding process, Operator personnel should close and secure jetbridge doors
when the aircraft is not attended; if the jetbridge door is accessed by a card reader, only one
crewmember may gain access at a time, unless the door is capable of multiple entries on a
single swipe of the identification card
Cabin crewmembers personal baggage, when not stowed, should be kept in view of the
crewmember at all times, especially when outside a secured area
Cabin crew should monitor the cabin throughout the boarding process, and stay alert for
unusual/suspicious activity or items
Baggage tags are not to be left unattended in public view

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4.2

BOMB THREATS

4.2.1 Types of Bomb Threats

Specific: Threat is identified by flight number, departure time, or bomb location and
includes positive identification to aircraft
Non-specific: Threat is one in which the caller may identify the flight by destination or
origin, flight number or time of departure or arrival

Determination of bomb threat type should be conducted by Dispatch and/or PIC or management.
NOTE: While a majority of bomb threats are hoaxes, the threat should be treated as
legitimate.
4.2.2 Bomb Threat Procedures
If a passenger makes a bomb threat:

Notify the PIC

Do not tell passengers about the threat
Ask the PIC what to tell passengers if you are landing to have aircraft searched
According to the PICs direction, deplane the passengers rapidly and orderly using passenger
stairs where available
Move passengers away from aircraft

4.2.3 Bomb Suspected Procedures

Cabin crew should start a systematic search of the aircraft:

If the PIC directs, advise passengers of the situation

Crewmembers should be advised to conduct the search; all passengers should remain seated
with all cabin baggage held in their laps
All areas accessible during flight should be searched (cabin, lavatories, galleys, etc.)
Look for foreign objects to the aircraft and not belonging to anyone onboard
Check all equipment for tampering
If a suspect item is found, the search process should continue until the entire aircraft is
completely searched (there could be more than one device)

If a suspect device is located:

The PIC should descend to altitude where plane can be de-pressurized

Move passengers as far away from location of suspect item as possible
Prepare least risk location (location is dependent upon aircraft type)
- Collect and stack hard luggage to a height of mid-door
- Gather blankets and soak in non-flammable liquid
- Place 10 in/25 cm of wet blankets on the base of luggage

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Move the suspect item and place on top of blankets. (to move suspect item, slip
emergency information card under it and lift with card; carry the item in the same attitude
which found)
- Surround suspect item with more wet blankets (at least 10 in/25 cm on all sides)
- Fill the remaining area up to the ceiling and out to the aisle with soft material
- Secure pile with neckties, belts, pantyhose
Move passengers as far away from relocated suspect item as possible
After landing evacuate the aircraft through exit away from the suspect item

4.2.4 Bomb Handling Procedures

Donts
Dont cut any string or tape which is under tension
Dont open any closed containers which are suspect
Dont disconnect or cut any wires or electrical connections
Dos
Keep device exactly in place and attitude in which it is found if the aircraft is still on the
ground
Stabilize it in position and immobilize for descent/landing
Reduce potential for fragmentation and fire by carefully placing wet blankets and pillows
around the device
Place an additional thin single sheet of plastic over the bomb
US carriers are recommended to follow the Common Strategy (ACSSP appendix XIII).

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Section 4: Security

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SECTION 5 SUPPORT ACTIVITIES

5.1

HAZARD REPORTING/TRACKING

Cabin staff must be able to report hazards and safety concerns as they become aware of them.
Hazard reporting systems should be non-punitive, confidential, simple, direct, convenient, and
have a follow up system as a part of the program. Reported hazards must be acknowledged and
investigated. All hazard reporting should be routed through the Safety Department. The Cabin
Safety Department should record all responses provided by the Operating Division for trending
purposes. Hazard Reporting is also covered in detail in Section 3 of the Operators Flight Safety
Handbook (OFSH).
There are many such systems in use and each Operator should review the features of those
available to decide which is best suited to their operation. As an example, the reporting form
used by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) for their Confidential Aviation Incident
Reporting (CAIR) system is provided in Appendix D.
Ensuring a confidential and non-punitive system encourages the reporting of hazards. The
system should include a formal hazard tracking and risk resolution process. Hazards should be
defined in a formal report. The report should be tracked until the hazard is eliminated or
controlled to an acceptable risk. The controls should also be defined and should be verified as
formally implemented. In addition to Operator employees, any hazard reporting system should
also allow for the reporting of hazards associated with the activities of any contracting agency
where there may be a safety impact (e.g., catering companies)
5.1.1 What hazards should staff report?
It is important that all personnel know what hazards they are required to report. The examples
listed below are commonly reported items, however, personnel should also be encouraged to
report any other event or situation with the potential to result in degradation of safety.

Fire/Smoke Warnings
Declared Emergencies
Inadequate Safety Equipment
Deficiencies in existing Operating Procedures or Manuals
Dangerous Goods in Cabin
Degraded Operating Standards
Ground Damage
Evacuation of Aircraft
Wake Turbulence Event
Significant Turbulence, Windshear or Other Severe Weather Encounters
Crew or Passenger Serious Illness or Injury, or Crew Incapacitation
Violent, Armed or Intoxicated Passengers
Activation of Lavatory Smoke Detectors
Sabotage or Vandalism

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Breach of Security Procedures

Emergency Landing Incidents that have Cabin factors
Any other safety related event deemed significant by the Cabin Crew
Galley related issues

5.1.2 How will staff report hazards?

The Operator may choose to use existing reporting forms, such as the cabin crew report, for
operations relating to or interfacing with the cabin crew. Most important, however, is to insure
that the cabin safety reporting capability can interface with all other reporting and assessment
systems in use by the Operator, thereby permitting cross correlation among systems.
The reporting system should maintain confidentiality between the person reporting the hazard
and the Cabin Safety Officer. History has shown that without confidentiality, safety report
frequency and completeness suffer. Therefore, it is important that the Operator establish specific
reporting/feedback mechanisms that protect this confidentiality through measures such as deidentification.
The Cabin Safety Officer is responsible for coordinating the investigation of the report (which
includes follow up), maintenance of the reporting system, and ensuring confidentiality of reports.
Anyone submitting a safety report should receive acknowledgement when the report is received
and feedback as to the result of the investigation.
5.1.3 Receipt of the Report
Procedure for processing a cabin safety report:

Cabin Safety Department receives reports from the employee

Reports should be entered into a cabin safety database
Following de-identification by the Cabin Safety Department, the report should be forwarded
to the Operating Division for action
Cabin Safety Department will determine if a regulatory violation has occurred

5.1.4 Processing of the Report

A copy of the response should be forwarded to Cabin Safety and the employee. The report
response should be added to the database. If no follow-up is necessary, the report is closed out.
Reports should be reviewed with Operational Management on a regularly scheduled basis.
Cabin Safety will determine if a regulatory violation has occurred. If so, process the per the
operators State regulatory requirements. The purpose of these reports is to enable an effective
investigation and follow-up of occurrences and to provide a source of information for all
departments. The objective of disseminating reported information is to enable safety weaknesses
to be quickly identified.

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5.1.5 Distribution of the Report Results

A copy of the response is entered into the database for tracking and trending. After
investigation, the de-identified safety report and recommendations should be made available for
the benefit of all staff.
5.1.6 Reporting Database
Paper records can be maintained in a simple filing system, but such a system will suffice only for
the smallest of operations. Storage, recording, recall and retrieval are cumbersome tasks.
Preferably, reports should therefore be stored in an electronic database. This method ensures that
the Cabin Safety Officer can alert departments to incidents as they occur, and the status of any
investigation together with required follow-up action to prevent recurrence can be monitored and
audited on demand.
There are a number of specialised air safety electronic databases available (a list of vendors is
provided in Appendix B of the OFSH). The functional properties and attributes of individual
systems vary, and each should be considered before deciding on the most suitable system for the
Operators needs. Once information from the original report has been entered into an electronic
database, recall and retrieval of any number of single or multiple events over any period of time
is almost instantaneous. Occurrences can be recalled by aircraft type, registration, category of
occurrence (i.e., operational, technical, environmental, etc.) by specific date or time span.
The database should be networked to key departments within Cabin Operations, Flight
Operations and Engineering. It is the responsibility of individual department heads and their
specialist staffs to access records regularly in order to identify the type and degree of action
required to achieve the satisfactory closure of a particular occurrence. It is the Cabin Safety
Officers responsibility to ensure that calls for action on a particular event are acknowledged and
addressed by the department concerned within a specified timescale. The database should not be
used simply as an electronic filing cabinet.
5.1.7 Report Closure
Once the required action is judged to be complete and measures have been implemented to
prevent recurrence, a final report should then be produced from consolidated database entries.
The event can then be recommended for closure.
5.2

CABIN CREW TRAINING & QUALIFICATION

5.2.1 Suggested Training Requirements

Prior to assignment as a required crewmember, the Cabin Crewmember should have
satisfactorily completed the required basic indoctrination, ground training, initial, transition,
differences training, or recurrent classroom instruction and supervised in-flight experience
described in the Company training manual. The training areas in this section are based on the
United States model, and will vary from State to State.
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A cabin crewmember should perform the assigned duties of a cabin crewmember under the
supervision of a Lead Cabin Crewmember for a minimum number of hours to be determined by
the Operator. [FAR 121.434/JAR-OPS 1.1012]
Initial ground training for cabin crewmembers should include a competence check to determine
ability to perform assigned duties and responsibility. [FAR 121.421/JAR-OPS 1.1005 & 1.1025]

A Cabin Crewmember who fails to pass initial, differences or recurrent training and/or a
competency check should be given additional ground training followed by a separate
examination and line check.

A Cabin Crewmember who has been trained and qualified by the Operator, but has become
unqualified to perform duties of a cabin crewmember due to not having received recurrent
training within the appropriate eligibility period, may not be used as a cabin crewmember
until re-qualification has been met in accordance with the following re-qualification chart:
TIME PAST MONTH DUE

GROUND TRAINING

Up to and including 12 months

The period of Recurrent

Ground Training NOT
completed when due.

13 up to and including 24
month.

Complete Recurrent Training

Greater than 24 months

QUALIFICATION
The appropriate modules not
completed when due.

The appropriate transition

qualification modules

SAME AS INITIAL EQUIPMENT TRAINING

Table 5.1 Re-Qualification Chart

Annual Recurrent Training (ART) is required yearly to maintain cabin crewmember

qualifications. (ART may also be referred to as Emergency Procedures Training, Recurrent
Training, or Annual Emergency Review). ART may be completed in the calendar month
before, the calendar month after, or the month in which the training is required. It is the joint
responsibility of the Operator and the Cabin Crewmember to ensure that the Cabin
Crewmember maintains his/her qualifications and attend ART. Failure to attend ART in the
month after training was initially conducted (the grace month) should result in the Cabin
Crewmember becoming unqualified to perform his/her duties. The Cabin Crewmember
should be removed from active duty and placed on an On Hold inactive status pending
satisfactory completion of ART. Upon satisfactory completion of ART, the Cabin
Crewmember may then be returned to active flight status.

Crewmembers should also have recurrent training. No certificate holder may use any person nor
may any person serve as a required crewmember on an airplane unless, within the proceeding 12
calendar months, he/she has satisfactorily completed recurrent ground training and a competence
check [FAR 121.433/JAR-OPS 1.1015c]
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Training records for all cabin crewmembers should be maintained by a single designated
office within the Company.

Cabin crewmembers should maintain currency requirements per the regulatory authority and
Operator policy. [FARs 121.421, 121.427, 121.422/JAR-OPS 1.1020]
To maintain qualification, cabin crewmembers should successfully complete the following:
Operator Initial Cabin Crewmember Training; Annual Recurrent Training (ART) by passing
both written and proficiency tests during scheduled month; Appropriate requalification training if
required training has lapsed (his training must be done prior to returning to active service).
Note that cabin crewmembers should maintain training qualifications while on leave of absence
unless physically unable to do so.
ELIGIBILITY
Missed previous years
program.*

REQUIREMENT

PROGRAMMED HOURS

Attend current years

program.**

12:00

13 to 25 months

Requalification plus Recurrent

32:00

25 to 61 months

Reduced Initial Training

80:00

61 months and beyond

Initial New-Hire Training

121:00

TIME PAST MONTH DUE

* Original base training will remain unchanged.

** Including any part of FAA required Recurrent Training not accomplished when due.

Table 5.2 Training Requirements

The Operator reserves the right to extend hours listed above to ensure cabin crewmembers are
trained to proficiency. Required training should be successfully completed prior to first
outbound trip.

5.3

INTERNAL AUDITS

The internal audit program should include all major functional departments involved in the
Operators airworthiness and flight operations programs. The cabin safety department internal
audit program can be conducted in two phases. Phase one reports on cabin safety operations.
Phase two reports on cabin safety procedures, training, contents of the cabin crewmember
manual and its revision distribution process. The intention of the program is to identify system
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weaknesses, areas of non-compliance, or any policies or procedures that need to be revised or

enhanced.
In-flight audit checklists should be aligned with existing regulatory requirements which relate to
cabin crewmember duties and responsibilities. Internal audit findings are identified for the sole
purpose of ensuring the Operators safe operating practices and is not intended to be used as
cause for disciplinary action.

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APPENDIX A
CABIN SAFETY INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES

APPENDIX A TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
CABIN SAFETY INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES

A-3

DOCUMENTATION & REPORTING

A-3

INTERVIEWS

A-6

ADDITIONAL ATTACHMENTS

A-12

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A.1

CABIN SAFETY INVESTIGATION GUIDELINES

This appendix is provided to help improve the quality and depth of investigation and reporting
for occurrences, incidents, and accidents involving cabin operations. It is not intended for use by
cabin operations personnel, but is included as a guide to cabin safety investigators or others in
the flight safety organization.
This cabin safety investigation guideline was developed by the ISASI Cabin Safety Working
Group. The purpose of the working group is to promote a high standard of safety through
incident and accident investigation.
The guideline can provide Air Safety Investigators and other operational personnel with tools to
investigate the survival aspects of incidents and accidents. Guidance is provided for
documenting damage to the cabin interior and its equipment, and flight attendant and passenger
interviews. The guideline is adaptable to any type of occurrence whether it is a turbulence
incident, an evacuation with fire and smoke, or an event that involves water contact. The
guideline is easily adaptable to those operations without cabin attendants.
The information collected can be used in conjunction with information gathered by other groups
(medical, human factors, operations, etc.) to determine cause of injuries and to develop
recommendations or strategies to minimize injury in future accidents or incidents. Information
collected during cabin safety investigations can be used in the areas of education, research, safety
promotion and accident and injury prevention. Comprehensive reports and the global exchange
of cabin safety information can only enhance flight safety worldwide.
A.2

DOCUMENTATION & REPORTING

Document and report the following information:

A.2.1 General Information

Name of operator and aircraft type/model

Location, date, and time, of occurrence
Weather conditions
List of cabin crewmembers
Passenger manifest with names and seat assignments of occupants (including lap-held
infants)
Cabin crewmember manual (used to determine emergency procedures, cabin layout, and
emergency equipment location
Cabin crewmembers training records (initial, transition, and recurrent)
Safety briefing card
Engineering drawing of interior that depicts seat layout, seat pitch, galleys, lavatories and
emergency exit(s)

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A.2.2 Damage To Cabin Interior

Document overall condition of cabin (e.g. intact, broken apart, fire damaged) and location of
debris such as galley equipment, seats, luggage, and areas with indication of fire or smoke
damage. Use photographs to supplement written report.
A.2.3 Cabin Attendant & Passenger Seats

Manufacturer, model number, serial number, date of manufacture and, rated loads
Evidence of impact
Description of the integrity of tie-downs and rails
Measurements and description of the deformation/separation of seats and tie-downs
Note location of child restraint systems (CRS), seat loaded cargo, stretchers, and bassinets

A.2.4 Seat Belts & Shoulder Harnesses

Note seat belt manufacturer, model number, serial number, date of manufacture and, rated
loads.
Note condition of seat belts and seat belt extensions (e.g. damaged, detached, intact, cut)

A.2.5 Stowage Compartments

Describe damage to storage areas, such as overhead bins, closets, and compartments.
Note condition of latching mechanisms for storage areas.

A.2.6 Cabin Baggage

Note location of cabin baggage found in cabin (e.g. overhead bins, underseat storage, closets,
piled near exits)
A.2.7 Communication

Conduct functional check of the PA system

Conduct functional check of the interphone system
Describe the positions of switches for emergency evacuation alarm systems (flight deck and
cabin)
Describe the positions of switches for the emergency lighting systems (flight deck and cabin)
Describe the content of the pre-departure safety briefing and how the information is
conveyed to passengers (PA system, recording, or video demonstration)
- In what language(s) was the briefing conducted?
Describe the operators procedures for exit row briefing

A.2.8 Exits

Describe the location of all exits (flight deck and cabin); were they open or closed?
Describe the location of emergency exit hatches

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Describe the deployment of ropes, tapes or inertia reels

Describe the damage to exit and surrounding fuselage
Describe the position of arm/disarm lever or girt bar
Describe the position of exit opening handle
Describe the condition of power-assist device (record pressure, if appropriate)
Describe the assist space available at exit
Measure the height of the exit sills above the terrain if the aircraft has an unusual attitude.

A.2.9 Evacuation Slides and/or Slide/Rafts

Record the position of the device (deployed, stowed, inflated, deflated, removed from
aircraft)
Record the name of manufacturer, date of manufacture, model number, serial number,
Technical Standard Order (TSO) number, and date of last overhaul
Describe any damage to the slide

A.2.10 Emergency Equipment

Using a cabin crew manual as a guide, document the location and condition of emergency
equipment in the cabin:

Flashlights
Megaphones
Fire extinguishers
Protective breathing equipment (PBE)
Crash axe/pry bar
Portable oxygen bottles
First aid kits
Medical kits
Defibrillator
Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT)
Protective gloves
Smoke barriers
Smoke detectors
Lavatory waste bin automatic extinguishers
Emergency lights

A.2.11 Accidents Involving Water Contact

In addition to information above, document the condition and location of:

Life rafts or slide/rafts

Life vests
ELT
Water conditions at time of accident (wave height, swell height, and temperature)
Survival kits

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A.3

INTERVIEWS

Each person should be given an opportunity to describe (without interruption) what happened to
him or her. Follow-up questions should be asked to determine additional information as
required. An aircraft diagram (with seat rows, exits, galleys, and lavatories) is a useful tool to
orient a person during an interview.
A.3.1 Cabin Crewmember
General Information:

Name, business address, and phone number

Gender, age, height, and weight
Operational experience on the accident aircraft type in hours or years
Work category-cabin crewmember, purser, lead crewmember, etc.
Number of different aircraft types/models that cabin crewmember is qualified on
Medical history and medication taken at the time of the event
Current medical condition and medication taken at time of the interview
Experience as a cabin crewmember (in years) with current carrier/previous carrier
Flight and duty schedule 72 hrs prior to the event
Food and beverages consumed during the 24-hrs period before the occurrence
Sleep/wake cycle for the 7 day period before the occurrence
Commute time to airport
Were you injured? Describe your injuries. When and how were you injured?

Pre-flight / In-flight activities:

Describe the pre-flight crew briefing. What was covered? Who was present? Who conducted
the briefing?
Describe any cabin system(s) that was unserviceable at the beginning of, or during, the
flight?
Describe observations of, or interaction with, maintenance, ground service personnel, and
flight deck crew that may be pertinent to the investigation.
Describe the location of passengers with special needs/children travelling alone.
Describe the location of infant/child restraint system(s).
Describe the location of passengers with disabilities.
Describe the passenger safety briefing. Were passengers attentive to the briefing?
Describe the amount and stowage of cabin baggage.
Describe your pre-departure cabin activities.
Was alcohol served before/during the flight? If yes, approximately how many drinks did you
serve?
When did you prepare your emergency exit(s) for departure?
Where were you seated for take-off and landing?
Describe the type of seat restraint system used at your jump seat.

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Occurrence Information:

Describe if and how you were informed of a problem. If briefed by the PIC, what
information were you given? If briefed by another crewmember, what information were you
given?
Describe your location during occurrence.
Describe if and how the passengers were informed of a problem? What was their reaction?
Describe the pre-occurrence preparations (i.e. type of warning, cabin preparation).
Describe the occurrence.
Describe the impact.
Describe the emergency commands you used, if any.
Describe the passenger reaction to your commands.
Describe the passengers brace positions.
Describe your brace position.
Describe the security of cabin furnishings in your area.
Describe any difficulties you may have had with your seat/seat belt/shoulder harness.
Describe any safety or emergency equipment you used: Why and how did you use it? Was it
effective?
Describe your view of the cabin. If your view was obstructed, please explain.

Evacuation:

How did you decide to evacuate?

- PICs order?
- Personal judgment?
- Evacuation alarm?
- PA announcement?
- Fire-fighters order?
Describe the evacuation.
Which exit(s) did you open?
What was your assigned exit(s)?
If you did not open an exit, explain why.
Did you have a direct view of your primary/secondary exits from your jump seat?
Did you assess the conditions? How?
Were there any difficulties assessing outside conditions? Opening the exit? Deploying or
inflating the evacuation slide? If yes, please describe.
Did the emergency lights operate? Which emergency lights did you observe?
Describe the illumination inside/outside the aircraft.
Describe passenger reactions during the evacuation (calm, panic, etc.).
Did the passengers attempt to take cabin baggage during the evacuation?
Did you have passenger assistance at your exit? How did passenger assist?
Describe any problems with the passengers during the evacuation.
Describe any difficulties with passengers with special needs or children travelling alone.
Approximately how long did the evacuation take? What is the estimate based on? (Note:
time estimates are unreliable if the estimate can not be verified by empirical data)

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Did you see other cabin crewmembers evacuate the aircraft? Which exits did they use?
Did you take emergency equipment with you? Which equipment? How was it used?
Describe the flight deck crew activities outside the aircraft.
Describe the rescue/fire fighting activities.
Were you injured? Describe your injuries and how they were sustained.
Were you transported to a hospital or medical facility?
Approximately how long did the rescue efforts take?
Describe your clothing and its suitability for the evacuation.

Training:

Describe your initial and annual emergency/safety training.

Did your training include basic instructions in aerodynamics and aircraft performance?
When was your last evacuation drill? Describe the drill. How often is the drill conducted?
When was your last door drill? Describe the drill. How often is the drill conducted?
Describe your fire fighting training.
Describe your initial and annual ditching training.
Do you participate in a wet ditching drill? Describe the drill .
Describe your practical training with respect to the use of emergency/safety equipment.
Did you participate in crew resource management training with pilots or other members of
your company? Explain.
Did your training prepare you for what happened?

Additional Comments:

Based on your experience, can you suggest any improvements to procedures or equipment?
Do you have any further information that you think may assist in the investigation of this
occurrence?

A.3.1.1 If The Event Involved The Following Conditions, Document The Following
Information:
Turbulence:

Describe your companys crew communication procedures for turbulence.

Describe the crew communication procedure used in this event.
Were you warned before you experienced the turbulence? How?
Was the seat belt sign on? If yes, for how long?
Were passengers seated when the seat belt sign was on?
Were you seated at your cabin crewmember assigned seat? If you were not seated, why not?
Where were you when the turbulence occurred?
What announcements were made regarding the turbulence? Were passengers instructed to
remain seated? When were the announcements made?
Were there problems with stowing equipment before or after the turbulence event?

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December 2001
Issue 1

Were you injured? Describe your injuries. Were you able to assist others following the
turbulence?
Describe injuries that you observed in other crewmembers or passengers.

Smoke/Fire/Fumes:

When did you become aware of smoke, fire, or fumes?

Where did you first observe smoke or fire? Describe what you saw and/or smelled (colour,
density, and odour).
Where were you when you first became aware of fumes?
Did the conditions increase, decrease or change during the occurrence?
Did you have difficulty breathing? Did you use PBE or other protection?
Did you have problems communicating with other crewmembers or passengers? If yes,
describe the problems.
Did you use fire-fighting equipment? Describe.

Ditching/Inadvertent Water Landing:

Were there any problems deploying, inflating or boarding the slide/rafts or life rafts?
Did you move a slide/raft or life raft from one location to another? Describe any
difficulties.
What type of personal flotation device did you use? From where did you obtain it?
Did you have any problems obtaining it or using it?
What personal flotation devices did passengers use?
Did passengers have any problems obtaining or donning their life preservers?
(adults/infants/children)
Who commanded the lift raft or slide/raft that you boarded? Were there other
crewmembers in that raft?
Describe the rescue operation.
Describe sea survival procedures that were used.
Did you retrieve an ELT? If yes, from where? Was the ELT used?

A.3.2 Passenger Interview

Personal Data:

Name, gender, age, height, and weight

Address
Phone number
Occupation
Seat number and location
Aviation experience
Any disability that could impair egress from the aircraft
Languages spoken
Were you injured? Describe your injuries. When and how were you injured?

Appendix A: Cabin Safety Investigation Guidelines

A-9

December 2001
Issue 1

Pre-Flight Preparations:

Describe the weight, size and stowage of your cabin baggage.

Describe the clothing and footwear that you were wearing when the accident occurred.
Was there a pre-departure safety briefing? How was it provided (i.e. pilot, cabin
crewmember, video or other means)? Did you understand the safety briefing?
Did you read the safety card?
Did you understand the information on the safety card?
Did you note the locations of more than one exit near your seat?
Were you seated adjacent to an emergency exit?
Were you briefed prior to departure on the operation of the exit? If yes, by whom?
Describe the observations of maintenance, ground service personnel (de-icing), or flight deck
crew that might be pertinent to the investigation.

Occurrence Information:

How and when did you first become aware of a problem? Where were you when you first
became aware of a problem?
How did the crew prepare you for the emergency? Were you given instructions over the PA
system? By an individual crewmember? Shouted instructions?
Did you hear any shouted commands? If yes, what did you hear? Did the information help
you?
Did you brace for impact? Describe your brace position.
Were you travelling with infants/children? How were they restrained? Were there any
problems?
How tightly was your seat belt fastened? Did you have any problems releasing your seat
belt? If yes, describe them.
Did you remove your shoes? Why? If you did not remove them, did they stay on during the
impact and evacuation?
Describe the impact sequence. What happened to you during the impact sequence?
Did anything happen to your seat during impact?
Did you remain seated until the aircraft stopped?

Evacuation:

Which exit did you use? Why?

Did you encounter problems reaching your exit? If yes, describe.
Did you attempt to take anything with you when you left the aircraft? If yes, what did you
take?
Did you assist anyone during the evacuation?
Did anyone assist you?
Did you open an exit? If so, which one? Did you experience difficulty operating or using the
exit?
Did you notice any lights on in the cabin? Where?

Appendix A: Cabin Safety Investigation Guidelines

A-10

December 2001
Issue 1

Approximately how long did it take you to evacuate the aircraft? What is your estimate based
on?
What did you see when you got out of the aircraft?
Did help arrive quickly? Describe the rescue efforts.
Did a rescuer assist you? How?
Did you sustain an injury? If yes, please describe your injury and, if known, its cause.

A.3.2.1 If The Event Involved The Following Conditions, Document The Following
Information:
Turbulence:

Where were you when the turbulence occurred?

Was your seat belt fastened? If not, why not?
Was the seat belt sign on?
Did you hear any announcement regarding seat belts? If yes, describe what you heard.
Who do you think made the announcement(s)? flight deck crew and/or cabin
crewmember(s)?
Were you injured? Describe your injuries. Were you given first aid by a cabin crewmember
or passenger?
If you were travelling with an infant/child, what happened to the infant/child? How were
they restrained?

Smoke/Fire/Fumes:

When did you become aware of smoke, fire, or fumes?

Where did you first observe smoke or fire? Describe what you saw and smelled. (colour,
density, odour)
Where were you when you first became aware of fumes?
Did the conditions increase, decrease or change during the occurrence?
Did you have difficulty breathing? If yes, what action did you take to protect yourself?
Did you observe fire-fighting procedures? Describe.

Ditching/Inadvertent Water Contact:

What types of flotation devices were available?

Did you obtain a life preserver?
- Where was it stored?
- Did you have a problem retrieving it?
- Did you put it on?
- When did you inflate it?
- Did it work properly?
- If you were travelling with an infant or child, was a life preserver provided for the child?
Did you use the seat bottom cushion as a flotation device? Describe how the cushion was
used and its effectiveness.
Did you board a life raft or slide/raft?

Appendix A: Cabin Safety Investigation Guidelines

A-11

December 2001
Issue 1

Were there any difficulties?

Describe the type of raft you boarded.
What equipment in the life raft (slide/raft) was used?
How many people were in the life raft?
Describe the water conditions.
Describe any sea survival procedures that were used.
Describe the weather conditions.
Describe the rescue effort.

Additional Comments:

A.4

Based on your experience, can you suggest any improvements to procedures or equipment?
Do you have any further information that you think may assist in the investigation of this
occurrence?
ADDITIONAL ATTACHMENTS
Reports of follow-up component tests
Photographs
Written statements

Appendix A: Cabin Safety Investigation Guidelines

A-12

December 2001
Issue 1

APPENDIX B

REFERENCE INFORMATION

APPENDIX B TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
CABIN SAFETY WEB-SITES

B-3

FAA CABIN SAFETY SUBJECT INDEX REFERENCE

B-7

TRANSPORT CANADA CABIN SAFETY SUBJECT INDEX REFERENCE

B-34

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-2

December 2001
Issue 1

B.1

CABIN SAFETY WEB-SITES

B.1.1 Government Web-sites

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
http://www.icao.int
Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) Europe
http://www.jaa.nl/
US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
http://www.faa.gov
Transport Canada
http://www.tc.gc.ca
US Department of Transportation
http://www.dot.gov
US Federal Aviation Regulations (Title 14 Code of Federal Regulation 14 CFR)
http://www.faa.gov/avr/afs/fars/far idx.htm
US FAA Cabin Safety Homepage (Cabin Safety Subject Index)
http://www.faa.gov/avr/afs/cabin.htm
Transport Canada Cabin Safety Regulations
http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/commerce/cabsafe/topic_index/A_e.htm
US FAA Cabin Safety Research Technical Group
http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/cabwg.html
US FAA Advisory Circulars
http://www.faa.gov/avr/afs/acs/ac-idx.htm
US FAA Aeromedical Reports/CAMI
http://www.cami.jccbi.gov
US FAA Bulletins (HBAT/HBAW)
http://www.faa.gov/avr/bulletin.htm
US FAA Aviation News
http://www/faa/gov/avr/news/newshome.htm
US FAA Flight Standards
http://www.faa.gov.avr.afshome.htm
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-3

December 2001
Issue 1

US FAA Human Factors

http://www.hf.faa.gov
US FAA Office of Accident Investigation
http://www.faa.gov/avr/aai/iirforum.htm
US FAA Office of System Safety
http://www.asy.faa.gov
US FAA Flight Standardization Board (FSB) Reports
http://www.opsspecs.com
NASA
http://www.nasa.gov
NASA Aviation Reporting System (ASRS)
http://www-afo.arc.nasa.gov/ASRS/ASRS.html
NASA Dryden Flight Research Center
http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov
National Aviation Accident Databases :
Australia http://www.dot.gov.au/gov.ua/programs/basi/basihome/htm
Canada http://bst-tsb.gc.ca/air;ost.html
Netherlands http://www.minvenw.nl/ris/dli/incident.html
New Zealand http://www.caa.govt.nz/scripts/accident_list.idc
United Kingdom http://www.open.gov.uk/aaib/formal.htm
United States http://www.ntsb.gov/aviation/accident.htm
NASA Ames Research Center
http://www.arc.nasa.gov
US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
http://www.ntsb.gov
US State Department-Counterterrorism
http://www.state.gov/www/global/terrorism
US State Department Travel Warnings and Consular Information Sheets
http://www.stolaf.edu/network/travel-advisories.html
United States Department of Justice - American With Disabilities Act
http:///www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adahom1.htm

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-4

December 2001
Issue 1

B.1.2 Airline Industry Sites

Air Transport Association of America
http://www.air-transport.org
Aviation Safety Institute
http://www.asionline.org
Aviation Week and Space Technology
http://www.awhnet.com/safety/index.htm
Flight Safety Foundation
http://www.flightsafety.org
Landings
http://www.landings.com
Regional Airline Association
http://www.raa.org
B.1.3 Other Sites
Air Data Research
http://www.airsafety.com
AIR Aviation Internet Resource
http://www.air-online.com/AIRcontents.shtml
Airline Crash Research Site
http://www.d-n-a.net/users/dnetGOjg/research.htm
Airline History Archives
http://www.flash.net/-airline/aha/html
Airline Pilots Association
http://www.alpa.org
AirSafe.Com
http://www.airsafe.com
Allied Pilots Association
http:www.alliedpilots.com
Association of Flight Attendants
http://www.afanet.org
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-5

December 2001
Issue 1

Association of Professional Flight Attendants

http://www.apfa.org
Aviation Safety Web Pages
http:/www.web.inter.ne.net/users.H.Ranter
Cabin Safety Update
http://www.twpltd.com
International Association of Machinists-Continental Flight Attendants Union
http://www.iamaw.org
International Brotherhood Teamsters Local 2000-NorthWest Airlines Flight Attendants
http://www.teamster.org
International Society of Air Safety Investigators (ISASI)
http://www.isasi.org

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-6

December 2001
Issue 1

B.2

FAA FLIGHT STANDARDS CABIN SAFETY SUBJECT INDEX REFERENCE

B.2.1 Abbreviations
ACOB - Air Carrier Operations Bulletin
AC - Advisory Circular
AD - Airworthiness Directive
FAA-AM - FAA Office of Aviation Medicine Reports AVAILABLE FROM CAMI
FAR - Federal Aviation Regulations - SEE GUIDE TO FAA PUBLICATIONS
FSAT (FSIB) - Flight Standards Information Bulletin
FSAW - Airworthiness Information Bulletins
HBAT - Operations Handbook Bulletin
HBAW - Airworthiness Handbook Bulletin
ORDER 8400.10 Air Transportation Operations Inspectors Handbook
STC - Supplemental Type Certificate
TSO - Technical Standard Order
B.2.2 Alphabetical Subject Index

-AADMISSION TO COCKPIT

FAR 121.542: sterile cockpit

FAR 121.547, 125.315: persons who may be admitted to flight deck
FAR 121.548, 125.317, 135.75: Aviation Safety Inspectors
FAR 121.550: Secret Service Agents
FAR 121.587: locking
FAR 135.100: sterile cockpit
FAR 135.113: passenger occupancy of pilot seat
AISLES

FAR 25.813: width

FAR 25.815: width
FAR 121.310(f), 125, Appendix A, 135.178: for aircraft with more than 19 passenger seats
FAR 121.310(f), 125, Appendix A, 135.178: emergency exit access
FAR 135.178(f): emergency exit access
ACOB 210: protruding passenger seat armrests
ALCOHOL

FAR 91.17: alcohol or drugs

FAR 108.21: carriage of passengers under control of law enforcement escorts
FAR 121.458: misuse of
FAR 121.459: testing for
FAR 121.575: alcoholic beverages
FAR 121, Appendix J: alcohol misuse prevention program
FAR 135.121: serving, drinking, and passenger boarding after use
FAR 135.253: misuse of alcohol {also note 135.1(d)}
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-7

December 2001
Issue 1

FAR 135.255: testing for alcohol

ACOB 202: service of alcoholic beverages
ACOB 213: potential problems associated with food/beverage service
ARMING EMERGENCY SLIDE

FAR 121.570: means emergency escape prior to movement on surface

ACOB 219: door/slide arming
ASHTRAYS

FAR 23.853(c): need

FAR 25.853(f)(g): requirement
FAR 121.215(d), 125.113: requirement
AUTHORITY OF PILOT IN COMMAND

FAR 1.1: definition

FAR 91.3: responsibility
FAR 121.421: training requirement
FAR 121.533, 121.535, 121.537: authority of the pilot-in-command
FAR 135.77: responsibility for operational control
FAR 135.121(c): prohibition who may be intoxicated

-BBAGGAGE

(also see carry-on baggage)

ACOB 211: carry-on baggage
AC 120-27C: Aircraft Weight and Balance Control
AC 121-29B: Carry-on Baggage
HBAT 95-15: Adherence to AC 120-27C Aircraft Weight and Balance Control
BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT

FAR 25.787: stowage compartments

FAR 25.1557(a): placards on compartments
FAR 121.215, 121.285, 125.113: requirements for cabin interiors
FAR 121.285: requirements
FAR 121.221: fire precautions
FAR 135.87: carry-on baggage
ACOB 211: carry-on baggage
ACOB 915: restraint of all items of mass
ACOB 982: DHC-8 closet floor loading weight limits
TSO-C1c: cargo/baggage compartment smoke detection instruments
BARS

ACOB 215: standup bars

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-8

December 2001
Issue 1

BEVERAGES
(also see alcohol)

FAR 121.575: alcoholic

FAR 91.535, 121.577, 125.333: food/beverage service equipment
FAR 135.121: alcoholic
ACOB 202: service of alcoholic beverages
ACOB 212: service of food/beverages during surface movement
ACOB 213: potential problems associated with food/beverage service
ACOB 217: fire prevention (plastic cups, glasses, etc.)
BEVERAGE CART
(also see carts and galley equipment)

FAR 121.576: retention of items of mass

FAR 91.535, 121.577, 135.122: food/beverage service equipment
ACOB 212: stowage of galley service items
ACOB 213: potential problems associated with food/beverage service (prohibition against
leaving carts unattended)
ACOB 915(c): stowage of galley items when not in use
BLANKETS

FSAT 96-11: Flammability of Airline Blankets

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

AC 120-44A: Air Carrier First Aid Programs

FSAT 94-11: Crewmember Protection from Bloodborne Pathogens
FAA-AM-97-21: Bloodborne Pathogens in Aircraft Accident Investigation
BRACE FOR IMPACT POSITIONS

ACOB 218: brace for impact positions

ACOB 930: addition to checklist to prepare passengers
BRIEFING

(also see passenger information)

FAR 91.519: passenger briefing
FAR 121.333(f): use of oxygen
FAR 121.571, 125.327: requirement
FAR 121.573: extended over water operations
FAR 121.583: briefing ferry flights
FAR 135.117: briefing of passenger before flight
ACOB 216: flight and cabin crewmember coordination/communication
ACOB 218: brace for impact positions
ACOB 225: passenger briefing chemical oxygen systems
ACOB 228: passenger seat belt discipline
AC 120-32: Air Transportation of Handicapped Persons (briefing of handicapped)
AC 121-24B: Passenger Safety Information Briefing and Briefing Cards
AC 121-29A: Carry-on Baggage (information provided to passengers)
AC 120-34: Air Transportation of Mental Patients
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-9

December 2001
Issue 1

FSAT 97-08: briefing and flotation devices

-CCABIN EQUIPMENT
(also see emergency equipment, signs, seat belts)

ACOB 211: carry-on baggage (co-mingling with emergency equipment)

FSAW 96-04: Improved Flammability Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Airplane
Cabins
CABIN MOCKUPS

HBAT 98-26: in relation to operating experience

FAA-AM-97-18: A Flexible Cabin Simulator
CANES

FAR 121.589: stowage

FAA-AM-80-12: used by blind passengers
CARDS
(also see passenger information)
CARGO
(also see carry-on baggage)

FAR 25.787: stowage compartments

FAR 25.855: cargo or baggage compartments
FAR 25.857: cargo compartment classification
FAR 25.1557: placards on
FAR 91.525: carriage of cargo
FAR 121.285, 125.183: cargo in passenger compartment
FAR 121.287, 125.185: cargo in cargo compartment
FAR 121.309(c): fire extinguisher
FAR 121.589: carry-on baggage
FAR 135.87: carriage of cargo/baggage
ACOB 211: carry-on baggage
CARRY-ON BAGGAGE
(also see cargo)

FAR 91.523: carry on baggage

FAR 91.525: carriage of cargo
FAR 121.285, 125.183: cargo in passenger compartment
FAR 121.589: carry-on baggage
FAR 135.87: carriage of cargo/carry-on baggage
AC 121-29B: Carry-on Baggage
ACOB 211: carry-on baggage
ACOB 915: restraint of all baggage
HBAT 98-28: Air Carrier Carry-on Baggage Programs

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-10

December 2001
Issue 1

CARTS
(also see beverage cart, galley equipment)

FAR 121.576: retention of items of mass

FAR 91.535, 121.577, 135.122: food/beverage service equipment
ACOB 212: stowage of galley service items
ACOB 213: potential problems associated with food/beverage service
ACOB 915(c): stowage of galley items when not in use
HBAT 98-02: Galley Security
CERTIFICATION

FAR 119: Certification Air Carriers and Commercial Operators

ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 2: Air Operator Certification
AC 25-21: Certification of Transport Airplane Structure
AC 25-22: Certification of Transport Airplane Mechanical Systems
AC 120-49: Certification of Air Carriers
FSAT 96-02: General Certification and Operations Requirements for Air Carriers Transitioning
from Part 135 to Part 121
HBAT 96-01: Part 119: Certification of Air Carriers and Commercial Operators
HBAT 97-06: Use of the Gate System During the Initial Certification of Part 121 Air Carriers
HBAT 98-17: Required CSET Contact for Air Carrier Certification Activity
CHILD/INFANT RESTRAINT DEVICES

FAR 91.107: use of safety belts

FAR 121.311: use of seat/belts
FAR 125.211: use of safety belts
FAR 135.128: use of safety belts and child restraints
ACOB 218: brace for impact positions
ACOB 949: Use of Child/infant restraint systems
AC 91-62A: Use of Child Seats in Aircraft
FSAT 95-09: Child Restraint
FSAT 97-01: Children over 24 months of age
FSAT 99-03: Types of and Use of Child Restraint on Air Carriers
FAA-AM-78-12: Child Restraint Systems for Civil Aircraft
FAA-AM-94-19: Performance of Child Restraint Devices in Transport Airplane Pax Seats
CLOTHING

FSAT 97-01: Flight attendant attire

COCKPIT

FAR 121.313(g), 125.213: requirement for key

FSAT 97-01: location and training cockpit key
HBAT 98-05: legal interpretation concerning access to the flight deck
COMPARTMENTS
(also see cargo and carry-on baggage)

FAR 25.853, 121.312: compartment interiors

ACOB 211: carry-on baggage
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-11

December 2001
Issue 1

CRASH AX

FAR 91.513: requirement (20 or more pax seats)

FAR 121.309(e), 125.207: requirement
FAR 135.177, 125.207: requirement and location (20 or more pax seats)
CRASH WORTHINESS

ACOB 223: F/A training on conditions of aircraft following accident

AC 25-17: Transport Airplanes Cabin Interiors Crashworthiness Handbook
CREW

FAR 1.1: definition of crewmember and flight crewmembers

FAR 121.397, 125.271: emergency/evacuation duties
FAR 121.417: training, coordination, responsibilities, duties
FAR 121.683: crewmember records
FAR 135.107: F/A crewmember requirement
FAR 135.123: emergency/evacuation duties
ACOB 204: distribution of flight attendants (change in assignment)
ACOB 205: duty assignment of required and non-required F/A
ACOB 206: use of supernumerary personnel in aircraft cabins
ACOB 207: pre-departure cabin equipment checks by F/A
ACOB 216: flight/cabin crewmember coordination and communication
ACOB 218: brace for impact positions
ACOB 223: F/A training on conditions of aircraft following accident
ACOB 226: time management and crew coordination
ACOB 928(b): F/A reporting hazardous conditions
ACOB 979: Crewmembers should report observations
AC 120-48: Communication & Coordination Between Flight Crewmembers & Flight Attendants
CREW BAGGAGE

FAR 121.576: stowage

ACOB 211: carry-on baggage
ACOB 915: restraint of crew baggage
CREW QUALIFICATIONS
(also see training, operating experience)

FAR 121.415(g): training ensures crewmember remains trained

FAR 121.432: general, competency
FAR 121.433: required
FAR 121.434(e): operating experience
FAR 121.569: equipment interchange
ACOB 205: duty assignment of required and non-required F/A
ACOB 220: flight attendant operating experience
HBAT 98-26: Flight Attendants Operating Experience
CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

FAR 121.404: compliance

FAR 121.406: previous credit
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-12

December 2001
Issue 1

FAR 121.421: training

AC 120-51D: Crew Resource Management Training

-DDANGEROUS ARTICLES
(see also hazardous materials)

FAR 121.401: training

FAR 121.433(a): training regarding handling
DECOMPRESSION
(also see hypoxia, oxygen masks)

FAR 121.417: training

FAA-AM-99-4: Concepts Providing Physiological Protection After Aircraft Cabin
Decompression in the Altitude Range of 60,000 to 80,000 Feet Above Sea Level
DEMONSTRATIONS

FAR 25.801: ditching

FAR 25.803: evacuation
FAR 121.291, 125.189: demonstration evacuation and ditching procedures
FAR 121.391, 125.269: number of F/A's required
FAR 121.397, 125.271: evacuation duties
FAR 121, Appendix D, 125 Appendix B: evacuation/ditching demonstration procedures
ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 3, Chapter 10: Emergency Evacuation and Ditching Demonstrations
ACOB 221: procedures and training for emergency evacuations
ACOB 222: crewmember training emergency evacuation demonstrations
ACOB 913: demonstrations portability slide/raft assemblies
AC 25.803-1: Emergency Evacuation Demonstrations
AC 20-118A: Emergency Evacuation Demonstration (from small planes)
HBAT 98-20: Processing Evacuation Demonstration Reports
DEVIATIONS/WAIVERS

FAR 121.161:
FAR 121.163:
FAR 121.339:
FAR 121.557:

route
proving tests
extended overwater operations
waivers, general, emergencies

DISTRIBUTION OF FLIGHT ATTENDANTS

FAR 121.391(d), 125.269: distribution

ACOB 204: distribution of flight attendants
ACOB 206: use of supernumerary personnel in aircraft cabins
DITCHING
(also see overwater operations)

FAR 25.801: emergency provisions

FAR 25.807: emergency exits
FAR 25.1415: ditching equipment
FAR 25.1561: safety equipment
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-13

December 2001
Issue 1

FAR 121.291: requirement for demonstration of ditching procedures

FAR 121.417: training
FAR 121, Appendix D: evacuation/ditching demonstration procedures
FAR 135.167: emergency equipment extended overwater operations
ACOB 226: time management and crew coordination
AC 120-47: Survival equipment for use in overwater operations
DOORS

FAR 25.783: doors

FAR 25.811: exit marking
FAR 25.813: emergency exit access
FAR 25.1557(d): placards
FAR 121.313, 125.213: miscellaneous equipment
FAR 121.587: cockpit
ACOB 208: routine opening/closing of doors on wide-bodied jets
ACOB 219: door/slide arming
ACOB 305: F-27 cargo door for emergency situations
AC 25.783-1: Fuselage Doors, Hatches and Exits
DRUGS
(also see narcotic drugs)

FAR 91.17: use

FAR 91.19: carriage of
FAR 121.15, 125.39: carriage of
FAR 121.429: training
FAR 121.455: use of prohibited drugs
FAR 121.457: testing for prohibited drugs
FAR 121, Appendix I: detailed information regarding testing of drugs
FAR 135.41: carriage of
FAR 135.249: Use of prohibited drugs
FAR 135.251: testing for prohibited drugs
AC 91.11-1: Guide to Drug Hazards in Aviation Medicine
DUTIES

FAR 121.391: flight attendant duties

FAR 121.397, 125.271, 135.123: emergency and evacuation duties
ACOB 203: number of F/A required when aircraft is parked at the gate
ACOB 205: duty assignment of required and non-required F/A
ACOB 206: use of supernumerary personnel in aircraft cabins
ACOB 207: pre departure cabin equipment checks by F/A
ACOB 211: carry-on baggage (securing before doors closed)
ACOB 219: door/slide arming
ACOB 226: time management and crew coordination
ACOB 227: F/A restraint and second choice exit

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-14

December 2001
Issue 1

DUTY TIME

FAR 121.461(b): applicability

FAR 121.467: F/A duty period limitations and rest requirements
FAR 125.37: duty period limitations
FAR 135.261: applicability of duty time
FAR 135.273: F/A duty period limitations and rest requirements
HBAT 95-16: Adoption of Flight Crewmember Flight Time Limitation Rules to Establish Flight
Attendant Duty and Flight Time Limitations and Rest Restrictions
HBAT 98-08: Part 135 Flight/Rest Time Limitations for Certain Part 121/135 Operations

-EELECTRONIC DEVICES

FAR 91.21, 121.306, 125.204, 135.144: portable electronic devices

AC 91.21-1A: use of
FSAW 98-05: Medical Portable Electronic Devices (PED)
EMERGENCIES

ACOB 226: time management and crew coordination

ACOB 227: F/A restraint and second choice exit
ACOB 979: require crewmember to report potential dangers
FAA-AM-91-3: response carrier inflight medical emergencies.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
(also look under specific equipment)

FAR 91.513: requirement

FAR 121.309: general
FAR 121.310, 125, Appendix A, 135.178: additional
FAR 121.339: extended overwater operations
FAR 121.340: flotation means
FAR 121.353: operation over uninhabited terrain area
FAR 135.167: emergency equipment extended overwater operations
ACOB 207: pre departure cabin equipment checks by F/A
ACOB 211: carry-on baggage (commingling with emergency equipment)
ACOB 229: F/A training on the use of cockpit emergency equipment
AC 91-44A: Operational and Maintenance Practices for ELTs and Receivers
AC 91-58A: Use of Pyrotechnic Visual Distress Signaling Devices in Aviation
HBAT 98-18: Air Carrier Manual Instructions Concerning Minimum Equipment List
Conditions and Limitations
EMERGENCY EXIT
(also see evacuation)

FAR 25.1411: stowage provisions

FAR 91.607: when carrying passengers for hire
FAR 121.285: cargo in passenger compartment
FAR 121.310, 125, Appendix A, 135.178: means for evacuation/escape route, exit marking
FAR 121.313(h), 125.213: placards
FAR 121.391, 125.269: flight attendant seating
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-15

December 2001
Issue 1

FAR 121.417: training

FAR 121.571: briefing
FAR 121.574(a)(7), 125.217, 135.91: medicinal oxygen must not block
ACOB 227: F/A restraint and second choice exit
ACOB 229: F/A training on cockpit emergency equipment
ACOB 508: DC-8-61 lifelines attached to exits
AC 20-60: accessibility to excess emergency exits
FAA-AM-89-14: Influence of Adjacent Seating Configurations on Egress Thru Type III Exit
EMERGENCY LIGHT OPERATION

FAR 121.310(d): interior

ENFORCEMENT

FAR Part 13
ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 1, Chapter 4, Section 2: Compliance and Enforcement
AC 00-58: Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program
AC 120-59: Air Carrier Internal Evaluation Programs
HBAT 95-01A: Voluntary Self Disclosure (Amended)
EVACUATION
(also see demonstration, evacuation slides)

FAR 25.803: emergency evacuation

FAR 25.810: egress assist means and escape routes
FAR 121.291, 125.189: emergency evacuation procedures/demonstration
FAR 121.310(f), 125, Appendix A, 135.178: seat/berth obstruction
FAR 121.311(i): secure restraints avoid interference egress
FAR 121.391, 125.267: flight attendant duties
FAR 121.397, 125.271: duties, aircraft evacuation
FAR 121.417: crewmember training
FAR 121, Appendix D: evacuation/ditching demonstration procedures
FAR 135.178(a): means for evacuation
ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 3, Chapter 10: Emergency Evacuation and Ditching Demonstrations
ACOB 204: distribution of flight attendants
ACOB 205: duty assignment of required and non-required F/A
ACOB 209: upright position of seat backs for takeoff and landing
ACOB 210: protruding passenger seat armrests
ACOB 218: brace for impact positions
ACOB 221: procedures and training for emergency evacuations
ACOB 222: crewmember training emergency evacuation demonstrations
ACOB 226: time management and crew coordination
ACOB 229: F/A training on the use of cockpit emergency equipment
ACOB 404: emergency escape overwing exit on DC-9-l0
ACOB 911: procedures and training for evacuations
ACOB 930: preparation for brace for impact; emergency checklist
AC 25.803-1: Emergency Evacuation Demonstrations
FSAT 94-12: Protection and Survival in Cargo-only Aircraft
FSAT 97-07: initiation of evacuation commands
Appendix B: Reference Information
December 2001
B-16
Issue 1

FSAT 97-07: F/A coordination during evacuations

FSAT 98-05: need for flight attendants to be aggressive in initiating aircraft evacuations
HBAT 96-03: unwarranted evacuations
HBAT 01-01A: NTSB Recommendations for Emergency Evacuations of Commercial Aircraft
FAA-AM-78-3: Passenger Flow Rates Between Compartments
FAA-AM-79-6: Injuries in Air Transport Emergency Evacuations
FAA-AM-89-5: Operation Workload: A Study of Pax Energy Expenditure During an
Evacuation
FAA-AM-96-18: Aircraft Evacuations onto Escape Slides and Platforms I: Effects of Pax
Motivation
FAA-AM-97-20: Use of Object-Oriented Programming to Simulate Human Behavior in
Emergency Evacuation of an Aircrafts Passenger Cabin
FAA-AM-99-10: Aircraft Evacuations onto Escape Slides and Platforms II: Effects of Exit Size
FAA-AM-99-30: Frequency and Cost of Transport Airplane Precautionary Emergency
Evacuations
FAA-AM-00-11: Evacuee Injuries and Demographics in Transport Airplane Precautionary
Emergency Evacuations
FAA-AM-01-2: Access to Egress A Meta-Analysis of the Factors that Control Emergency
Evacuation Through the Transport Airplane Type-III Overwing Exit
EVACUATION SLIDES

FAR 121.309: marking of slides

FAR 121.310, 125 Appendix A, 135.178: requirement; use of and arming/disarming
FAR 121.417: training
FAR 121.563: mechanical reliability reporting
FAR 121.570: ready for emergency prior to movement on the surface
ACOB 219: door/slide arming
ACOB 221: procedures and training for emergency evacuations
ACOB 227: F/A restraint, evacuation, 2nd choice exit
FSAW 97-11: MD-80 and DC-9 Evacuation Slide Rigging Procedures
TSO-C69c: minimum performance
EXITS
(also see doors)

FAR 25.772: pilot compartment doors

FAR 25.783: doors
FAR 25.785(h): flight attendant seats
FAR 25.807: emergency exits
FAR 25.809: exit arrangement
FAR 91.607: when carrying passengers for hire
FAR 121.310(e): operating handles and access
ACOB 208: routine opening/closing of doors on wide-bodied jets
ACOB 219: door/slide arming
ACOB 221: procedures and training for emergency evacuations
ACOB 227: F/A restraint, evacuation, 2nd exit
ACOB 229: F/A training on the use of cockpit emergency equipment
AC 25.785-1A: F/A seat and torso restraint system installation
Appendix B: Reference Information
B-17

December 2001
Issue 1

AC 25.807-1: Uniform Distribution of Exits

FAA-AM-92-27: Effects of Seating Configuration & Number of Type III Exits on Emergency
Aircraft Evacuation
FAA-AM-95-22: Aircraft Evacuations Thru Type III Exits I: Effects of Seat Placement at Exit
FAA-AM-95-25: Aircraft Evacuations Thru Type III Exits II: Effects of Individual Subject
Differences
EXIT MARKINGS

FAR 121.310, 125 Appendix A, 135.178: interior, exterior

EXIT SEATING
(also see handicap)

121.585, 135.129: exit seating

ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 3, Chapter 15, Section 3: Exit Seating Program Job Aid
FSAT 93-15: Operations Specifications (OpsSpecs) Revision, Approved Exit Seat Program
HBAT 01-02: Air Carrier Exit Seating Program Development
EXTENDED OVERWATER FLIGHT
(also see overwater operations)

FAR 1.1: definition

AC 120-47: survival equipment for use in overwater operations

-FFIRES

FAR 121.221, 125.119: precautions

FAR 121.417: training
ACOB 217: fire prevention
ACOB 223: F/A training on conditions of aircraft following accident
ACOB 230: training on protective breathing equipment - fire control
ACOB 966: cabin fluorescent light ballast fires
FSAT 96-11: Flammability of Airline Blankets
FSAT 00-07A: Resetting Tripped Circuit Breakers
FSAW 96-04: Improved Flamm. Standards for Materials Used in the Interiors of Airplane
Cabins
TSO-C11e: fire detectors (thermal sensing and flame contact)
TSO-C79: fire detector (radiation sensing type)
TSO-C141: ballast lighting
FAA-AM-95-8: Aircraft Fires, Smoke, Toxicity, and Survival
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

FAR 25.851: number

FAR 91.513(c): requirement
FAR 121.221: requirement in compartments
FAR 121.309: requirements
FAR 121.417: training
FAR 135.155: passenger carrying aircraft
ACOB 230: training on protective breathing equipment-fire control
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-18

December 2001
Issue 1

AC 20-42C: Hand Fire Extinguishers for Use in Aircraft

FSAW 97-12A: Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers
TSO-C19b: Portable water-solution type fire extinguishers
FIRST AID EQUIPMENT

FAR 91.513: requirement

FAR 121.309(d): general
FAR 121.327, 121.329, 121.331, 121.333: oxygen
FAR 121.417: training
FAR 121.574: oxygen, passenger medical use
FAR 121, Appendix A: list of equipment
FAR 125.219, 135.91: requirement, contents
FAR 135.91: oxygen for medical use by passengers
FAR 135.177: first aid kit 20 or more seats
ACOB 232: emergency medical kits
ACOB 905: approving items for use in first aid kits
AC 120-44A: Air Carrier First Aid Programs
FSAW 98-05: Medical Portable Electronic Devices (PED)
FLASHLIGHTS

FAR 121.310(l), 125 Appendix A, 135.178: stowage provisions; each flight attendant seat
FAR 121.549(b): flying equipment; each crewmember must have flashlight
FLIGHT ATTENDANTS

FAR 91.533, 135.107: requirements

FAR 121.333: oxygen requirements
FAR 121.391, 125.269: number, seating, during taxi
FAR 121.393: requirement at stops where passengers remain on board
FAR 121.417, 121.418, 121.427, 121.433: training
FAR 121.432: qualifications
FAR 121.434(e): operating experience
FAR 121.583: carriage F/A aircraft not in compliance pax req.
ACOB 203: number of flight attendants required when aircraft at gate
ACOB 204: distribution of flight attendants
ACOB 205: duty assignment of required and non-required F/A
ACOB 206: use of supernumerary personnel in aircraft cabins
ACOB 207: pre departure cabin equipment checks by F/A
ACOB 218: brace for impact positions
ACOB 220: flight attendant operating experience
ACOB 226: time management and crew coordination
ACOB 227: F/A restraint crash, evacuation, second exit
ACOB 229: F/A training on the use of cockpit emergency equipment
FSAT 97-01: F/A attire
FSAT 97-07: F/A communication and commands during evacuations
FSAT 01-03: Number of F/A Required at Stops Where Pax Remain Onboard, 14 CFR 121.391
and 121.393
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-19

December 2001
Issue 1

FLIGHT DECK

(see cockpit)
FLIGHT DECK CREWMEMBER

FAR 1.1: definition also defines crewmember

(flight crewmember assigned to flight deck - crewmember assigned duties)
FLOORS/SURFACES

FAR 25.793: non-slip surfaces

FAR 25.853: compartment interiors
FLOTATION MEANS
(also see overwater equipment)

FAR 25.1415: ditching equipment

FAR 121.339: overwater equipment
FAR 121.340: means of emergency flotation
FAR 125.209: emergency equipment
FAR 135.167: emergency equipment: extended overwater operations
ACOB 224: training for crewmembers on flotation equipment
AC 20-56A: marking
FSAT 97-08: briefing on individual flotation devices
TSO-C72c: flotation cushions
TSO-C85a: Survivor Locator Lights
FAA-AM-78-1: Flotation and Survival Equipment Studies
FAA-AM-91-6: Donning Times & Flotation Characteristics of Infant Life Preservers
FAA-AM-95-20: Alternative Methods for Flotation Seat Cushion Use
FOOD

ACOB 213 potential problems associated with food/beverage service

-GGALLEY EQUIPMENT
(also see lower lobe)

FAR 25.789: retention of items of mass

FAR 25.853: compartment interiors
FAR 121.421: flight attendant training
FAR 121.576: retention of items of mass
FAR 91.535, 121.577, 135.122: equipment during takeoff/landing
ACOB 212: stowage of galley service items (prohibition against serving during movement on
the surface
ACOB 213: potential problems associated with food/beverage service
ACOB 214: problems with lower lobe galleys
ACOB 217: fire prevention (use of galley circuit breakers)
ACOB 915: restrained when not in use/being moved
FSAT 00-07A: Resetting Tripped Circuit Breakers
HBAT 98-02: galley security
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-20

December 2001
Issue 1

-HHANDICAPPED PASSENGERS

FAR 121.417: training on evacuation of

FAR 121.571, 121.573, 125.327: briefing passengers
FAR 121.585, 135.129 exit seating
FAR 121.586: transportation of, refusal
FAR 121.589: canes
DOT Rule 14 CFR 382
AC 120-32: Air Transportation of Handicapped Persons
AC 121-24B: briefing of handicapped
FAA-AM-77-11: Emergency Escape of Handicapped Air Travelers
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(also see dangerous articles, manuals)

FAR 175.10(a)(19): batteries and wheelchairs

ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 2, Chapter 3, Section 5: Hazardous Materials or Dangerous Goods
AC 121-21B: Information Guide for Training Programs & Manual Requirements in the Air
Transportation of Hazardous Materials
AC 121-27: Guide for Air Carriers in Obtaining Information Dealing with the Transportation of
Hazardous Materials by Air
FSAT 96-06: Civil Aviation Security - additional guidance on hazardous materials (HAZMAT)
FSAT 99-06: Special Emphasis Review of Hazardous Materials or Dangerous Goods Manuals
and Training Programs
HIJACKING

FAR 121.417, 121.421: training

FAA-AM-78-35: Task Force on Deterrence of Air Piracy
HYPOXIA
(also see decompression)

FAR 121.417: training

-IINJURIES IN CABIN

FAA-AM-79-23: Cabin Safety Data Bank

FAA-AM-80-12: Cabin Safety Data Bank
FAA-AM-82-8: Flight Attendant Injuries
INTERCHANGE EQUIPMENT

FAR 121.569: equipment interchange

INTERFERENCE WITH CREWMEMBER

AVIATION ACT OF l958, 902(j): definition interference, applicability

FAR 91.11, 121.580, 125.328, 135.120: prohibition
AC 120-65: interference with crewmembers in performance of duties

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-21

December 2001
Issue 1

INTERPHONE

FAR 121.318: public address system

FAR 121.319: use of
FAR 135.150: p.a. and interphone systems

-LLAVATORY

FAR 25.854: lavatory fire protection

FAR 121.215, 125.113: requirements for towel and waste receptacles
FAR 121.308: lavatory fire protection
FAR 121.317(h), 125.217, 135.127: prohibition against smoking
ACOB 211: carry-on baggage (prohibition other articles in lavatory)
ACOB 217: fire prevention
LIFELINES

FAR 25.1411(g): stowage provisions

FAR 121.417: training on
ACOB 508: DC-8-61 lifelines FAR 25.787: stowage compartments
ACOB 945: lifelines extended overwater operations
LIFE RAFT/LIFE VEST
(also see overwater operations)

FAR 25.1411: safety equipment

FAR 25.1415: ditching equipment
FAR 25.1561: safety equipment
FAR 121.339: emergency equipment requirements
FAR 121.340: location and other requirements
FAR 121.417: training
FAR 121.573, 125.327: briefing for extended overwater operations
FAR 121.583: when not carrying passengers
ACOB 224: training crewmembers on flotation equipment
TSO-C70a: Liferafts (reversible and non-reversible)
TSO-C13f: life preservers
TSO-C72c: Individual flotation devices
LIGHTING SYSTEMS

FAR 25.812: emergency lighting

FAR 121.310(c)(3), 125 Appendix A, 135.178: floor proximity lighting
FAR 121.310, 125 Appendix A, 135.178: interior, exterior
FAR 121.310(d): operation
AC 25.812-1A: Floor Proximity Escape Path Marking
AC 25.812-2: Floor Proximity Escape Path Marking Systems Incorporating Photoluminscent
Elements
FAA-AM-98-2: Performance Demonstrations: Floor Proximity Escape Path Marking Systems
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-22

December 2001
Issue 1

LIGHTS

FAR 121.310(h), 125 Appendix A, 135.178: flashlight stowage provisions

FAR 121.339: lights on life vests (overwater equipment)
FAR 121.549: flashlights
FSAT 92-23: illumination of pax signs movement on surface
LOAD LIMIT

FAR 25.787: placarded weight

FAR 121.285: cargo in passenger compartment
ACOB 211: carry-on baggage
LOAD MANIFEST

FAR 121.693(e), 125.383: load manifest

ACOB 992: accident notification and load accounting
AC 120-27C: Aircraft Weight and Balance Control
FSAT 98-04: Emphasis on Load Manifest
LOUNGE AREAS & LOWER LOBE
(also see bars & galley equipment)

FAR 25.785: padding, hand grips

FAR 25.803: emergency evacuation
FAR 25.811: emergency exit marking
FAR 25.812: emergency lighting
FAR 25.819: lower deck service compartments
FAR 25.831: ventilation
FAR 25.1439: protective breathing equipment
ACOB 214: problems with lower lobe galleys
ACOB 217: fire prevention

-MMANUALS

FAR 121.131: applicability

FAR 121.133, 125.71: preparation of
FAR 121.135, 125.73: contents of
FAR 121.137: distribution and availability of
FAR 121.139: on aircraft
FAR 121.369: requirements
FAR 135.21: requirements
FAR 135.23: contents
ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 3, Chapter 15, Section 6: Approval and Acceptance of Flight Attendant
Manuals and Checklists
ACOB 229: F/A use of cockpit emergency equipment
FSAT 97-02: Inspector approval of F/A manuals
MARIJUANA
(also see drugs, narcotic drugs)

FAR 91.15, 121.15, 135.41: carriage of

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-23

December 2001
Issue 1

MECHANICAL IRREGULARITIES

FAR 121.563: reporting

FAR 121.701: maintenance log; aircraft
FAR 121.703: mechanical reliability reports
FAR 135.65: reporting mechanical irregularities
ACOB 928: reporting potentially hazardous conditions
AC 120-30A: Reporting Requirements of Air Carriers
MEDICAL KITS

FAR 121.309(d): requirement

FAR 121, Appendix A: contents
FAR 121.417: training
ACOB 232: emergency medical kits
FAA-AM-91-2: Utilization of Emergency Kits by Air Carriers
FAA-AM-91-3: Response Capability During Civil Air Carrier Inflight Medical Emergencies
FAA-AM-97-2: Inflight Medical Care: An Update
FAA-AM-11-13: Evaluation of Inflight Medical Care Aboard Selected U.S. Air Carriers: 1996
to 1997
MEGAPHONES

FAR 25.1421: megaphones

FAR 91.513, 125.207: requirement
FAR 121.309(f): requirement and location
AC 121-6: Portable Battery Powered Megaphones
TSO-C137: Aircraft Portable Megaphones
MOVEMENT ON THE SURFACE

FAR 121.577: serving food/beverages during surface movement

ACOB 212: stowage of galley service items
ACOB 216: flight/cabin crewmember coordination and communication and safety during
potentially hazardous condition of flight
ACOB 219: door/slide arming
ACOB 228: passenger seat belt discipline

-NNARCOTIC DRUGS

FAR 91.15, 121.15, 135.41: carriage of

NUMBER OF PASSENGER SEATS

Determined accordance with FAR 25.803 and 121.291

Listed in the OpsSpecs/TYPE DATA SHEETS

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-24

December 2001
Issue 1

-OOFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE (OAM)

Reports prefixed by FAA-AM are Office of Aviation Medicine reports. Indexes of all OAM
reports are available from CAMI library. Reports may be ordered through Kathy Wade, FAAAAM-400A, Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125
OPERATING EXPERIENCE

FAR 121.434: Flight Attendant Operating Experience

HBAT 98-26: Flight Attendants Operating Experience
OPERATIONAL CONTROL

FAR 121.533, 121.535, 121.537, 135.77: responsibility

HBAT 98-12A: Training, Qualifications and Operational Control of Flight Attendants Who
have Served or May be Serving at more than on Air Carrier (Amended)
OVERWATER OPERATIONS
(also see ditching, lifelines)

FAR 1.1: definition of extended overwater flight

FAR 91.509, 125.209: survival equipment for overwater operations
FAR 121.161: route limitations
FAR 121.339: emergency equipment
FAR 121.340: flotation means
FAR 121.573, 125.327(a)(6): extended overwater operations
FAR 121.583: passenger carrying requirements
FAR 135.167: emergency equipment extended overwater operations
AC 120-47: Survival Equipment for Use in Overwater Operations
FSAT 97-08: briefing on individual flotation devices
TSO-C13f: minimum standards for life preservers
TSO-C91a: Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT) Equipment
OXYGEN
(also see decompression, oxygen masks)

FAR 25.1439: separate compartments (lower lobe)

FAR 25.1441: equipment and supply
FAR 25.1443: minimum mass floor
FAR 25.1445: equipment standards - distribution
FAR 25.1447: equipment standards - dispensing
FAR 25.1449: means of determining use of
FAR 25.1450: chemical oxygen generators
FAR 25.1453: protection from rupture
FAR 91.211: supplemental oxygen
FAR 121.327: supplemental oxygen
FAR 121.329: supplemental oxygen
FAR 121.331: supplemental oxygen
FAR 121.333: supplemental oxygen
FAR 121.417: training
FAR 121.574, 125.219, 135.91: medical use by passengers
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-25

December 2001
Issue 1

FAR 135.89: pilot requirements

FAR 135.91: medical use by passengers
FAR 135.157: oxygen equipment requirements
ACOB 225: training crewmembers on chemically generated oxygen
HBAT 97-08: transportation of generators (chemical)
FAA-AM-98-27: Performance of a Portable Oxygen Breathing System at 25,000 Feet Altitude
OXYGEN MASKS
(also see protective breathing equipment)

FAR 25.1439: lower lobe

FAR 121.333: use of
AC 120-43: the influence of beards on oxygen mask efficiency
FSAT 95-27: use of oxygen mask by crew during decompression
HBAT 98-29: Smoke Goggles and Oxygen Masks (PBE)
TSO-C99: protective breathing equipment
TSO-C64a: Oxygen Mask Assembly Continuous Flow, Passenger
TSO-C116: Crewmember Protective Breathing Equipment
TSO-C103: Continuous Flow Oxygen Mask Assembly (for non-transport category aircraft)
FAA-AM-80-18: Evaluation of the Protective Efficiency of a New Oxygen Mask for Aircraft
Passenger Use to 40,000 Feet
OZONE

FAR 121.578: amount oxygen permissible in cabin, testing requirements

AC 120-38: method of compliance with 121.578
FAA-AM-79-20: Effects of Ozone on Exercising & Sedentary Adult Men & Women
Representative of the Flight Attendant Population

-PP.A. SYSTEM
(see public address system)
PASSENGER

FAR 108.9: screening of passengers and property

FAR 121.333: oxygen
FAR 121.417: training
FAR 121.571: before takeoff
FAR 121.573, 125.327(a)(6): extended overwater operations
FAR 121.585: exit seating
FAR 135.129: exit seating
ACOB 216: flight/cabin crewmember coordination/communication
ACOB 217: fire prevention
ACOB 218: brace for impact positions
ACOB 225: passenger briefing information chemical oxygen systems
ACOB 228: passenger seat belt discipline
ACOB 824: seat discipline sign illuminated long time
AC 121-24B: passenger briefing
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-26

December 2001
Issue 1

PASSENGER INFORMATION/SIGNS
(also see signs)

FAR 91.517, 125.207: smoking and safety belt signs

FAR 25.791, 121.317, 125.217, 135.127: signs
FAR 121.571, 125.327, 135.117, 135.127: information cards
ACOB 228: passenger seat belt discipline
ACOB 404(a): DC-9-10 cards wing escape route
AC 121-24B: provides information regarding cards and briefing
FSAT 97-06: passenger information cards on Beechcraft 1900s and other similar airplanes
PILOTS

FAR 1.1: definition of pilot-in-command

FAR 121.533, 121.535, 121.537: responsibility and authority
FAR 121.545, 125.313, 135.115: manipulation of controls
FAR 121.557, 121.559, 125.319, 135.19: emergencies
FAR 121.563, 125.323, 135.65: reporting of mechanical irregularities
FAR 135.77: responsibility for operational control
PLACARDS
(also see signs)

FAR 25.787: stowage compartments

FAR 25.811: exit markings
FAR 25.1557: miscellaneous markings and placards
FAR 25.1561: marking safety equipment
FAR 121.215, 121.285, 121.309, 121.317, 121.589: requirements for placards on compartments
FAR 121.313, 125.213: miscellaneous equipment
PRISONER
(also see security)

FAR 108.21: armed law enforcement escorts

PROBLEM PASSENGER

FAR 108.21: prisoner

FAR 121.575: alcoholic beverages
ACOB 202: service of alcoholic beverages
AC 120-32: transportation of handicapped passengers
AC 120-34: transportation of mental patients
AC 108-2: carriage of weapons and escorted persons
PROTECTIVE BREATHING EQUIPMENT
(also see oxygen masks)

FAR 25.1439: lower lobe galley (Advisory CircularF under FAR Part 25)
FAR 121.337: protective breathing equipment
FAR 121.417: training
ACOB 230: training protective breathing and fire control
AC 120-43: the influence of beards on oxygen mask efficiency
TSO-C78: Crewmember demand oxygen masks
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-27

December 2001
Issue 1

TSO-C89: Oxygen regulators, demand

TSO-C116: Crewmember Protective Breathing Equipment
FAA-AM-83-10: An Analysis of Potential PBE Devices Intended for Use by Aircraft Pax
FAA-AM-87-5: Evaluation of Providing Smoke/Fume PBE for Airline Passenger Use
FAA-AM-89-8: Performance Evaluation of the Puritan-Bennett Crewmember PBE
FAA-AM-89-10: Comparison of PBE Performance at Ground Level and 8,000 Feet
FAA-AM-89-12: Effects of Wearing Pax PBE on Evacuation Thru Type III and IV Exits in
Clear Air and Smoke
FAA-AM-93-6: Comparison of Portable Crewmember PBE (CPBE) Designs
PROVING AND VALIDATION TESTS

FAR 121.163, 135.145: proving tests

ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 3, Chapter 9: Proving and Validation Tests
HBAT 98-34: Validation Flight Tests for Part 121 and 135 Operators
PUBLIC ADDRESS/P.A. SYSTEM

FAR 25.1307:
FAR 25.1423:
FAR 121.318:
FAR 121.319:
FAR 121.421:
FAR 135.150:

miscellaneous equipment
p.a. system
requires independent power source aircraft manufactured after specific date
interphone system
training
public address and interphone system

-RRADIATION

AC 120-52: Radiation Exposure of Air Carrier Crewmembers

AC 120-61: Crewmember Training on Inflight Radiation Exposure
FAA-AM-92-2: Radiation Exposure of Air Carrier Crewmembers II
FAA-AM-00-33: Galactic Cosmic Radiation Exposure of Pregnant Aircrew Members II
RECORDKEEPING

FAR 121, Subpart V

FAR 121.683, 125.401: recordkeeping
FAR 135.63: recordkeeping requirements
ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 3, Chapter 11: Operator Recordkeeping
REFUSING PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION

FAR 108.9: screening of passengers and property

FAR 121.575: alcoholic beverages
FAR 121.586: authority to refuse transportation
FAR 121.585: exit seating
21 CFR 1240.40: restrictions on travel of persons with communicable diseases
RESPONSIBILITY FOR OPERATIONAL CONTROL

FAR 121.533, 121.535, 121.537: pilot-in-command

FAR 121.537(c)(3): for known conditions affecting safety
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-28

December 2001
Issue 1

REST
(also see duty time)

-SSAFETY EQUIPMENT
(see emergency equipment)

FAR 25.1411: general

SEAT BELT DISCIPLINE
(also see turbulence)

ACOB 228: seat belt discipline

ACOB 216: flight/cabin crewmember coordination/communication
SEATS/SAFETY BELTS
(also see number of passenger seats)

FAR 25.785: seats, berths, safety belts and harnesses

FAR 25.817: maximum number of seats abreast
FAR 91.107: use of
FAR 121.285: cargo in passenger compartment
FAR 121.311, 125.211, 135.127: use, requirement, upright for takeoff landing
FAR 121.317, 125.217, 135.127: passenger information
FAR 121.571: briefing passengers before takeoff
FAR 135.128: use of safety belts and child restraint
ACOB 209: upright position of seat backs for takeoff and landing
AC 25-562.1A: Dynamic Evaluation of Seat Restraint systems
AC 25.785-1A: F/A seat and torso restraint system installations
AC 21-25A: Approval of Modified Seats and Berths Initially Approved Under a TSO
AC 25.853-1: Flammability Requirements for Aircraft Seat Cushions
FSAT 95-25: Policy for Passengers and Flight Attendants Use of Seat Belts During Turbulence
FSAW 95-03: Seat Back Break-Over
TSO-C25a: aircraft seats and berths (Type I transport, 6g forward load)
TSO-C39b: Aircraft seats and berths
TSO-C22g: safety belts
TSO-C114: torso restraint systems
FAA-AM-95-30: Experimental Abdominal Pressure Measurement Device for Child ATDs
SECURITY

FAR Part 108

FAR 121.538, 135.125: aircraft security
AC 108-1: Air Carrier Security
SERVICE ITEMS
(also see galley equipment)

FAR 91.535, 121.577, 135.122: stowage of service items for takeoff/landing

ACOB 212: stowage of galley service items
ACOB 213: potential problems associated with food/beverage service
ACOB 915: restraint of serving carts when not in use
Appendix B: Reference Information

B-29

December 2001
Issue 1

FSAT 93-20: Miscellaneous Operational Amendments, Air Carrier Cabin Safety Operations
SHOULDER HARNESS
(also see seats/safety belts)

FAR 91.521: use, requirement

FAR 121.311: use, requirement
ACOB 227: F/A restraint, evacuation, 2nd exit
TSO-C114: torso restraint systems
SIGNS
(see passenger information, placards)

FAR 91.517: smoking and safety belt signs

FAR 25.791, 121.317, 135.177: signs
SLIDE/RAFT
(also see evacuation, evacuation slides)

FAR 121.417: crewmember training

ACOB 913: demonstration portability; slide/raft assemblies
TSO-C69c: Emergency Evacuation Slides, Ramps, Ramp/Slides, and Slide/Rafts
FAA-AM-98-3: Inflatable Escape Slide Beam & Girt Strength Tests
SMOKING

DOT Rule 14 CFR 252: prohibition against smoking on certain flights

FAR 25.791: passenger information signs
FAR 121.285: obstruction of no smoking sign
FAR 121.317, 125.217, 135.127: passenger information
FAR 121.317(h), 125.217, 135.127: prohibition against smoking in lavatory
FAR 121.571, 125.327: briefing passengers before takeoff
FAA-AM-80-11: The Effects of Tobacco on Aviation Safety
SUPERNUMERARY PERSONNEL

ACOB 206: use of supernumerary personnel in aircraft cabins

SURVIVAL TRAINING/SURVIVING PASSENGERS

FAR 121.339, 121.353: survival kit

ACOB 959: crewmember survival training
ACOB 940: care of passengers following air carrier accidents
FAA-AM 70-16: Survival in Emergency Escape From Passenger Aircraft
FAA-AM-94-10: Effects of Cold Exposure on Wet Aircraft Passengers

-TTAILCONE

ACOB 907: guidelines DC-9 tailcone training device approval

HBAT 97-07: Amendment to guidelines for crewmember training on aircraft tailcones and
approval of tailcone training devices.

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-30

December 2001
Issue 1

TAXI

FAR 121.391(d): flight attendants seated during taxi

ACOB 205: duty assignment of required and non-required F/A
ACOB 206: use of supernumerary personnel in aircraft cabins
ACOB 212: stowage of galley service items
ACOB 219: door/slide arming
TRAINING

FAR 121.400, 135.321: applicability

FAR 121.401, 135.223: program, general
FAR 121.403, 135.327: curriculum
FAR 121.404: CRM compliance date
FAR 121.405, 135.325: program, revision
FAR 121.415, 135.329: requirements
FAR 121.417, 135.331: emergency
FAR 121.418: differences
FAR 121.421: flight attendant
FAR 121.427: recurrent
FAR 121.429: prohibited drugs
FAR 121.432: general crewmember qualifications
FAR 121.433(e): training required
FAR 121.434: operating experience
FAR 121.569: interchange of equipment
FAR 125.289: testing requirements
FAR 125.293, 135.301: crewmember tests and checks, grace provisions & accepted standards
FAR 135.331: crewmember emergency training
FAR 135.333: training requirements hazmat
FAR 135.341: pilot and F/A crewmember training programs
FAR 135.343: crewmember initial/recurrent training requirements
FAR 135.349: F/A initial and transition ground training
FAR 135.351: recurrent training
FAR 135.353: prohibited drugs
ORDER 8400.10, Vol. 3, Chapter 14: Flight Attendant Training & Qualification Programs
ACOB 205: duty assignment required/non-required F/A (info meeting qualification
requirements)
ACOB 206: use of supernumerary personnel in aircraft cabins
ACOB 207: pre departure cabin equipment checks by F/A
ACOB 216: flight and cabin crewmember coordination/communication
ACOB 217: fire prevention
ACOB 219: door/slide arming
ACOB 220: flight attendant operating experience
ACOB 221: procedures for training for emergency evacuations
ACOB 222: crewmember training emergency evacuation demonstrations
ACOB 223: F/A training on conditions of aircraft following accident
ACOB 224: training crewmembers on flotation equipment
ACOB 225: training of crewmembers on chemical oxygen systems
ACOB 226: time management and crew coordination
Appendix B: Reference Information
December 2001
B-31
Issue 1

ACOB 227: F/A restraint, evacuation, second exit

ACOB 229: F/A training on the use of cockpit emergency equipment
ACOB 230: training on protective breathing and fire control
ACOB 231: crewmember cabin safety training
ACOB 907: DC-9 tailcone training device approval
ACOB 911: procedures and training for evacuation
ACOB 928: reporting equipment + threatening situations
ACOB 940: care of passengers following carrier accidents
ACOB 947: training; policy use of mockups
ACOB 959: crewmember survival training
ACOB 966: cabin fluorescent light ballast fires
AC 120-61: Crewmember Training on Inflight Radiation Exposure
AC 121-21B: Information Guide for Training Programs in Air Transportation of Hazmat
AC 120-44: Air Carrier First Aid Programs
FSAT 95-05: Emergency Evacuation and Ditching Drills
FSAT 97-02: FAA Inspector approval of F/A training programs
FSAT 97-07: use of survival factors report in F/A training
FSAT 98-05: need for flight attendants to be aggressive in initiating evacuations
HBAT 96-03: Unwarranted Evacuations
HBAT 97-07: Training F/A assigned to more than one exit
HBAT 93-03: Revised: Approving FAR 121 and 135 Training Programs
HBAT 94-10: Crewmember Indoctrination Training & Reduction of Programmed Hours During
Labor Unrest
HBAT 94-16A: Training Records (Revised)
HBAT 98-09: Guidelines for Evaluating Home Study as a Substitute for Classroom Training
HBAT 98-12A: Training for F/As serving in operations conducted as part of a lease agreement
HBAT 98-14: Evacuation Slide Drill
FAA-AM-98-19: Analysis of Ditching & Water Survival Trng. Prgm. of Major Airframe
Manufacturers and Airlines
TRAYS

FAR 121.577: food/beverage service equipment

ACOB 212: prohibition against serving during surface movement
ACOB 213: potential problems associated with food/beverage service
HBAT 98-02: Galley Security
TURBULENCE

FAR 121.317, 125.217, 135.127: obeying seat belt sign

ACOB 213: potential problems associated with food/beverage service
ACOB 215: standup bars
ACOB 216: flight/cabin crewmember coordination/communication
ACOB 228: seat belt discipline
ACOB 824: actions relative to turbulence encounters
ACOB 915: restraint galley items during turbulence
FSAT 95-25: Policy for Passenger and F/A Use of Seat Belt During Turbulence

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-32

December 2001
Issue 1

-VVENTILATION

FAR 25.831, 121.219, 125.117: standards for adequate ventilation

FAR 121.421: flight attendant training on ventilation controls

-WWEAPONS
(also see security)

FAR 108.11: carriage of weapons

FAR 108.21: persons/control of armed law enforcement
FAR 121.575: alcoholic beverages
FAR 135.119: prohibition against the carriage of weapons
AC 108-2: Security Rules Carriage of Weapons and Escorted Persons
WIDE-BODIED AIRCRAFT
(wide-bodied aircraft specifically mentioned)

ACOB 208: opening/closing doors

ACOB 214: problems with lower lobe galleys
ACOB 217: fire prevention
ACOB 221: procedures and training for emergency evacuations
FSAT 94-17: Training on Operation of DC-10 Doors

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-33

December 2001
Issue 1

B.3

TRANSPORT CANADA CABIN SAFETY SUBJECT INDEX REFERENCE

B.3.1 Abbreviations
Abbreviation

Description

Source

ACOB
AC
AD
CAR
CBAAC

Air Carrier Operations Bulletin

Advisory Circular
Airworthiness Directive
Civil Aviation Regulation
Commercial and Business Aviation Advisory Circular
(formerly ACAC -Air Carrier Advisory Circular)
Cabin Safety Inspector Manual
Federal Aviation Office of Aviation Medicine Report
Federal Aviation Regulations
Flight Standards Information Bulletin
Airworthiness Information Bulletin
Operations Handbook Bulletin
Airworthiness Handbook Bulletin
Hot Desk Bulletin
National Technical Information Service
National Transportation Safety Board
Policy Letter
Air Transportation Inspectors Handbook
Supplemental Type Certificate
Technical Publication
Transportation Safety Board of Canada
Technical Standard Order

USA
USA
USA
Canada
Canada

CSIM
FAA-AM
FAR
FSAT (FSIB)
FSAW
HBAT
HBAW
HD
NTIS
NTSB
PL
ORDER 8400.10
STC
TP
TSB
TSO

Canada
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
Canada
USA
USA
Canada
USA
USA
Canada
Canada
USA

B.3.2 Alphabetical Subject Index

TOPIC

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

FAA
REFERENCE

A
ACCIDENT see REPORTING,
TRAINING
AIRCRAFT ICING also DEICING, ICING see
SURFACE
CONTAMINATION
AIRCRAFT OPERATING
CERTIFICATE see
CERTIFICATION

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-34

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC
AISLES

see

FAA
REFERENCE

EXITS

ALCOHOL also
DRUGS/NARCOTICS

crew

CAR 602.03

121.455, 121.457,
121.458, 121.459, 135.249,
135.251, 135.253,
APPENDIX I TO 121 APPENDIX J
TO 121

general

CAR 602.04

FAR 91.19, 135.41, 121.15,

135.121, ACOB 202, 213, AC 147

stand up bars, lounges

ANNOUNCEMENTS
BRIEFINGS
ANNUAL
AOC

FAR 91.17,

ACOB 214,

215, 217

see

see TRAINING

see CERTIFICATION

AOSH see AVIATION OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY AND HEALTH
APRON

also RAMP SAFETY

ARMED INDIVIDUALS
SECURITY

CAR 705.40, 704.33, 703.38,

604.17

see

ARMRESTS see SEATS

CAR 705.76(e)

FAR 25.853,

AVIATION - OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
also A-OSH

CANADA LABOUR CODE, CBAAC

0140

FAR 121.432,

AXE

CAR 705.92

FAR 91.513,

BAGGAGE see
COMPARTMENTS,
CARRY-ON BAGGAGE,

CAR 602.86, 705.42

AIRWORTHINESS MANUAL 551

FAR 91.523,
ACOB 211

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-35

ASHTRAYS

121.215

AUTHORITY, DELEGATION OF
see also PILOT IN
COMMAND

121.433

121.309, 135.177

B
135.87, 121.589,

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC
BASSINETS

also SKYCOTS

FAA
REFERENCE

CBAAC 0145

BEACON ... see EMERGENCY

LOCATOR
TRANSMITTER
BEARDS

see OXYGEN

BEVERAGES

... see ALCOHOL

BILINGUAL BRIEFINGS see

BRIEFINGS
BLANKETS ... see also
FLAMMABILITY

CBAAC 0126

AC NO 120-44(A), FSAT 94-18

BLOOD
BOMB THREAT
SECURITY

see

BRACE POSITION

briefing

CAR 705.43

positions

CBAAC 155

ACOB 218, 930

BRIEFINGS

bilingual

OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ACT, CAR

705.43

crew

CAR 705.31,

602.87,

emergency, passenger

CAR 705.43,

704.34, 703.39

flotation

CAR 705.43,

704.34, 703.39

individual for special

needs also
passengers with
disabilities

CAR 604.18, 705.43, 704.34,

703.39,
CBAAC 0114

FAR 121.571, 121.573,

AC 120-34, 120-32, 121-24

oxygen

CAR 705.43,

FAR 121.333, ACOB 225

standard safety

CAR 602.89, 705.43, 704.34,

703.39, 604.18, 705.16, CBAAC
0114

FAR 91.519, 121.571,

AC 121.24, ACOB 228

turbulence

CAR 605.25,

ACOB 824

window exit

705.43, 704.34, 703.39,

604.18

Appendix B: Reference Information

704.34, 703.39

605.27

CAR

B-36

ACOB 216, AC 120-48

FAR 121.573, FSAT 97-08,

FAR 121.585,

135.117,

135.129

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

BULKHEADS see
EQUIPMENT

C
CABIN CREW see FLIGHT
ATTENDANT
CABIN EVACUATION TRAINER
also CABIN
TRAINER, TRAINING
EQUIP

CAR 705.126

CABIN SAFETY
PROCEDURES see
SAFETY PROCEDURES
CABIN SUPERVISION ... also
CABIN GUARDIAN,
MONITORING

CAR 604.16,

704.33

CABIN TRAINER ... see

TRAINING EQUIPMENT
CARGO see also FIRE
PREVENTION/PROTECTI
ON, PLACARDS

CAR 602.86, CBAAC 0103, CBAAC

CARRY-ON BAGGAGE

CAR 602.86, 602.89,

0172

general

control program

CAR 705.42

crew

CAR 705.42

705.42,

FAR 91.525, 121.285, 121.221,

25.855, 25.857

FAR 91.523, 135.87, 121.576,

121.589,
ACOB 211, 915,
AC 120-27A, 121-29, 121-29A,
FAA-AM-80-12

FAR 121.576, ACOB 211,

915

CARTS ... see GALLEY

EQUIPMENT
CERTIFICATION

Initial

CAR 705.07, 705.08,

CBAAC 0115

for aircraft operation

CAR 705.02

foreign

Appendix B: Reference Information

705.09

FAR 121.291, 121.397, 25.801,

ACOB 221, 222, 913, APPENDIX
D TO 121, AC 20-118, 12-49,
HBAT 95-14

FAR 135.43

B-37

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

CAR 103.07

suspension of

CAR 602.60, 705.24

CHECKLISTS
CHILD/INFANT RESTRAINT
SYSTEMS ... see
RESTRAINTS
COCKPIT

... see FLIGHT DECK

COMPANY OPERATIONS
MANUAL see
OPERATIONS MANUAL,
FLIGHT ATTENDANT
COMPARTMENTS see ALSO
FIRE
PREVENTION/PROTECTI
ON

CAR 705.42,

COMPLIANCE WITH
INSTRUCTIONS

CAR 602.05, 602.87

CRASH AX

CAR 705.92

705.67

FAR 25.853, 121.215, 121.285

121.221, 25.787, 25.1557
ACOB 915, 982,
TSO-C1 - 7/10/87

FAR 121.309

CREDENTIALS see
INSPECTOR
CREW COMPLEMENT
MINIMUM CREW

see

CREW MEMBER see also

BRIEFINGS, CARRY-ON
BAGGAGE, OXYGEN,
QUALIFICATIONS,
TRAINING,
COMPLIANCE

CAR 705.09

CAR 101.01(1)

FAR 1.1

TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS
GOODS ACT

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
TRANSPORTATION ACT

definition

CROSS REFERENCE see

OPERATIONS MANUAL
CURTAINS

see EQUIPMENT

D
DANGEROUS GOODS
DECOMPRESSIONS
OXYGEN

... see

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-38

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

CAR 101.1(1)

DEFINITIONS

FAA
REFERENCE
FAR 1.1

DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
see AUTHORITY
DEMONSTRATIONS
BRIEFINGS

see

DESIGNATED PROVISIONS

CAR 103.08

DE-ICING ... see SURFACE

CONTAMINATION
DISABLED ... also
HANDICAPPED see
BRIEFINGS, TRAINING,
EXITS
DITCHING ... see also OVERWATER, FLOTATION

FAR 121.585, 135.129, 121.586,

121.589,
DOT RULE 14 CFR 382,
AC 120-32
CBAAC 160

NTIS ANALYSIS OF DITCHING &

WATER SURVIVAL TRAINING
PROGRAMS OF MAJOR AIRFRAME

EMERGENCY LIGHTING also

ESCAPE PATH MARKING

CAR 705.78

FAR 121.310, 25.812

FAA BULLETIN 8320.252
MB 25.8

EMERGENCY LOCATOR
TRANSMITTER also
BEACON, ELT

CAR 605.38, 605.39,

DOORS

... see

DRUGS

... see ALCOHOL

EXITS

DUTY TIME see FLIGHT

ATTENDANT

E
ELECTRONIC DEVICES ... see
PORTABLE
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
ELT ...see EMERGENCY
LOCATOR
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
see SPECIFIC
EQUIPMENT

...

ACOB 226, 227

FAA-AAM-91-3,

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Appendix B: Reference Information

605.40

AIRWORTHINESS MANUAL 551.104

B-39

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC
EMERGENCY RESPONSE

FAA
REFERENCE

CAR 705(2)

ENFORCEMENT
EQUIPMENT

stowage

CAR 602.86,
CBAAC 0102

705.40, 705.42,

FAR 135.178

inspection

CAR 703.82, 704.84, 705.96;

605.86
APPENDIX C(10)

FAR 125.243

pre-flight check

CAR 602.60

ACOB 211,

prohibition

CAR 602.58

requirements

CAR 602.60

- 602.63, 604.38,
605.06, 703.82, 704.84, 705.95

FAR 91.513,121.309,

standards

CAR 602.59,

FAR 91.513

605.06, 703.82,

207

121.310

704.84

unserviceable

CAR 605.09, 605.10

EVACUATION

study

signals

slides

FAR 25.810, ACOB 219, 221,

227, AC 121-9
TSO-C69A, FSAT 97-07

unwarranted

HBAT 96-03

TSB SA 9501

NTSB / SS-00/01

EVIDENCE

CAR 103.09

EXEMPTIONS also WAIVER

AERONAUTICS ACT 5.9(20)

FAR 121.339

EXITS

general

markings/placards

CAR 705.67

row seating

CAR 705.40,

FAR 25.783, 25.807, 25.809,

25.813, 91.607, 121.570, AC
25.785-1A, AC 25.807-1,
ACOB 208, 219, 221, 305, 227,
508,
AC 20-60, MB 52-6
FAR 121.310,

704.33, 703.38,

604.17

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-40

121.313, 25.811

FAR 25.813,

135.177, 121.585,
121.586, 121.589, 135.129
DOT RULE 14 CFR 382,
December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

CAR 700.06

EXTENDED CHARTER
EXTENSION see TRAINING
VALIDITY

F
FACILITIES

see TRAINING
CAR 602.60; 705.76, 705.93,
704.83, 604.41

FAR 91.513, 121.221, 121.309,

135.155, 25.851, AC 20.42(B)
,TSO-C19A

FIRE PREVENTION/PROTECTION
also SMOKE
DETECTION SYSTEM

CAR 705.76, 602.06,

AD 93-07-15, CRIMINAL CODE 77
CBAAC 0172

FAR 121.309, 25.855, 25.1557,

121.215, 121.221
ACOB 217, 223, 230, 966 TSO C11D , TSO - C79, FSAT 96-11

CAR 705.76

FAR 121.308, 121.317,

121.215, ACOB 211, 217

CAR 602.59, 602.60,

FAR 91.513, 121.309, 135.177,

ACOB 232, 905, APPENDIX A TO
121
AC
120-44(A)

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

FIRE FIGHTING
TRAINING

see

lavatory

FIRST AID see also

OXYGEN, TRAINING

705.90,
704.84, 604.39, 703.82, AOSH
REGS PART X

equipment

FLAMMABILITY

blankets

seat cushions

FSAT
CAR 705.77

FLASHLIGHT
FLIGHT ATTENDANT
also TRAINING

96-11

CAR 705.79, 705.97, 602.59,

602.60, CBAAC 0173

FAR 121.310

CBAAC 0136

FSAT 97-01

, 121.549,

see

attire

chartered

definition

distribution

FAR 121.391(D), ACOB 204

duties

FAR 121.397,

135.123, 121.391

duty period

FAR 121.467,
HBAT 95 16

135.273,

Appendix B: Reference Information

CAR 101.01(1)

CBAAC 0091R

B-41

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE
HBAT 95-16

limitations/rest
requirements

flashlight

CAR 705.97

in-charge

CAR 705.105

manager

CAR 705.07, CBAAC 0115

manual

CAR 705.18, 705.139,

FAR 121.310

705.134, TP

12295

, 121.549,

FAR 121.133, 121.135,

121.137, 121.139, 121.369,
135.21, 135.23, FSAT 97-02

not required

CAR 604.16, 705.16

OPS SPEC 69, 70

FAR 121.583, ACOB 205

qualifications

CAR 705.109

FAR 121.432,

requirements

CAR 604.16, 705.104;

FAR 91.533,
ACOB 203

121.391, 135.107,

FAR 25.785,

91.521

OPS SPEC 69, 70,

CBAAC 070, 0136

seat/restraint system

supernumerary

stations

CAR 605.22,

605.24, 705.75

ACOB 206,

121.433

205

CAR 705.41,

OPS SPEC 66
FLIGHT DECK

admittance

CAR 705.27

FAR 121.547,

authority

CAR 705.27

HBAT 98-05

jumpseat/observer seat

CAR 705.27

FSAT 95-18

locking/key

FAR 121.313,
FSAT 97-01,

sterile

FAR 121.542

135.75

121.587, 25.772,

FLIGHT OPERATIONS MANUAL

see OPERATIONS
MANUAL
FLIGHT SAFETY PROGRAM

CAR 705.07
FAR 25.793

FLOOR
FLOOR PATH LIGHTING see
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
FLOOR PROXIMITY LIGHTING
see EMERGENCY

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-42

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

LIGHTING
FLOTATION DEVICES
OVER-WATER
EQUIPMENT

see

FOOTRESTS

FUELING

... also REFUELING

CAR 602.86

CAR 602.09; 604.17, 704.33,

703.38, 705.40

G
GALLEY EQUIPMENT

CAR 602.86

FAR 121.576, 121.577, 25.789,

ACOB 212, 213, 214, 915(C),
HBAT 98-02,
FSAT 93-20

WHMIS

FSAT 96-06

GARBAGE see LAVATORY

GROUND SERVICE see
SERVICE

H
HALON see FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
HEADSETS see PORTABLE
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
HIJACKING see SECURITY
HYPOXIA... see OXYGEN,
DECOMPRESSION

I
ICING

... see

SURFACE
CONTAMINATION

INCUBATOR

CAR 605.23

INFANTS SEE ALSO

RESTRAINT SYSTEMS,
OVERWATER
EQUIPMENT

definition

Appendix B: Reference Information

CAR 101.01

B-43

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

INFORMATION ... see also

SAFETY FEATURES
CARDS, BRIEFINGS

for crew members

CAR 705.18

AC 21-22, FAA-AM-80-12

INJURIES
INSPECTIONS see
EQUIPMENT

also
CAR 103.02

aircraft

INSPECTOR

credentials

manual

responsibilities

seating

training

CBAAC 0151

CAR 705.28,
CBAAC 0120

705.41, OPS SPEC 66

INSTRUCTIONS see
COMPLIANCE
INSTRUCTORS

qualifications

INTERPHONE SYSTEM

CAR 705.124

FAR 121.432,

121.433

CAR 705.73

FAR 121.319,

25.1423

FAR 91.11

INTERFERENCE WITH CREW

MEMBER
INTOXICATED PERSONS
ALCOHOL

... see

J
JOURNEY LOG ... also
DEFECTS LOG, CABIN
LOG

CAR 605.92

- 605.96

FAR 121.573

JUMP SEATS ... see FLIGHT

ATTENDANT STATIONS,
FLIGHT DECK

L
LATCHES

Appendix B: Reference Information

OPS SPEC 66

B-44

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

LAVATORY

access to locked door

CAR 705.67

fire protection

CAR 705.76

garbage

CBAAC 0102,

LEASING AIRCRAFT

FAR 121.308, 121.317,

121.215, ACOB 211, 217

TP13090

LIFE JACKETS, PRESERVERS,

VESTS, FLOTATION
DEVICES ... see
OVERWATER
EQUIPMENT
LIFELINES ... see OVER WATER
EQUIPMENT
LIFE RAFTS ... see OVER
WATER EQUIPMENT
LIGHTING ... see EMERGENCY
LIGHTING
LINE INDOCTRINATION
LOG

CAR 705.109, 705.124

see JOURNEY LOG

M
MAINTENANCE

CAR 703.19,

704.18, 705.23

MANUALS see OPERATIONS

AND FLIGHT
ATTENDANT,
INSPECTOR
MARKINGS

see PLACARDS

MEDICAL

kits

MEGAPHONE

CAR 705.91

FAR 121.309 APPENDIX A TO

121, ACOB 232

CAR 705.89

FAR 91.513,
AC 121-6

121.309, 25.1421,

CAR 705.104

FAR 91.533,

121.391

MINIMUM CREW ... also CREW

COMPLEMENT

flight attendant

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-45

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

pilot

MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST

see also TRAINING

FAA
REFERENCE

CAR 703.86, 704.106

CAR 605.07-605.10,

APPENDIX A

(3)

MOBILITY AIDS also CANE,

CRUTCHES, WALKERS,
WHEELCHAIR

AC 121-29A, HBAT 98-28

N
NO SMOKINGsee FIRE
PREVENTION AND
SMOKING

O
OPERATIONAL CONTROL

CAR 703.16,

704.15, 705.20

OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE

TP 12296

OPERATIONS MANAGER

CAR 705.07

OPERATIONS MANUAL also

FLIGHT OPERATIONS
OR COMPANY
OPERATIONS MANUAL

CAR 705.07, 705.134, 705.135,

705.136, CBAAC 0127

FAR 121.533,

121.535, 121.537

FAR 121.434
ACOB 220, HBAT 98-12A

FAR 121.131 - 121.139, 135.21,

135.23 FSAT 97-02

see also
OPERATIONS
INSTRUCTIONS
OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

cabin safety

OPS SPEC 66, 69,70

OPERATING CERTIFICATE see

CERTIFICATION
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

CAR 703.14, 704.12,

CAR 705.134; 705.139

manuals

ORDINANCE SIGNS

CAR 602.86

705.17

FAR 91.517, 25.791, 121.317

ACOB 228, FSAT 92-23

OVERHEAD BINS ... see

COMPARTMENTS,
CARRY-ON BAGGAGE,
PLACARDS
OVER-WATER EQUIPMENT ...
also FLOTATION DEVICES

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-46

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

general

CAR 602.62

FAR 25.1411, 25.1415, 121.339,

135.167,
FSAT 97-08, ACOB 224, 226, AC
120-47, AC 20-56A 1.1

life preservers, life

vests (life jackets)

CAR 602.62, TSO C-13E, CBAAC

0148R

FAR 121.340, 135.167,

25.1415, 91.509,
APPENDIX D TO 121,
FSAT 97-08, ACOB 224, 226 AC
120-47, 20-56A 1.1, TSO-13D,
TSO-13E,
HBAW 91-14,

life rafts (rafts)

CAR 602.63

FAR 121.339, TSO C-70

lifelines

personal flotation
devices

seat cushions

TSO C-72A, TSO C-72C

slide rafts

FAR 121.417, ACOB 913

TSO C-69A

FAR 25.1411(G),
ACOB 508, 945
CAR 602.59,

TSO C-72C 2/19/87

OXYGEN see also

BRIEFINGS,
PROTECTIVE
BREATHING EQUIPMENT

beards

carriage of

chemical generated
oxygen system

crew

CAR 705.94

first aid

CAR 705.72,

supplemental
requirements

CAR 605.31

FAR 91.211, 121.327, 121.329,

121.331, 25.1441, 25.1443,
25.1447, 25.1449

use of

CAR 605.32

FAR 121.574,
FSAT 95-27

AC 120-43

FAR 25.1450
FAR 135.89

121.333

703.68, 704.67

FAR 121.578

OZONE

135.157, 121.333
, AC 120-38

P
PA SYSTEM

see

PUBLIC

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-47

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

ADDRESS
PBE

see

PROTECTIVE
BREATHING EQUIPMENT

PEDS see PORTABLE

ELECTRONIC DEVICES
PILOT IN COMMAND

definition

authority

PLACARDS

FAR 1.1

702.64,
703.87, 704.107, 705.27, 705.103

FAR 91.3,

CAR 605.05; 705.67,

FAR 25.787, 25.791, 25.811,

25.1557, 25.1561, 121.215,
121.309, 121.317

CAR 602.05, 604.65,

also MARKINGS

PORTABLE ELECTRONIC
DEVICES ... also PEDS
PORTABLE OXYGEN
OXYGEN

705.76

CAR 602.08; 705.40(4), 704.33,

91.5, 121.533, 135.77

AC 91-21-1

703.38,
CBAAC 0106, 0124

... see

PRE-FLIGHT CHECKS
EQUIPMENT

... see

PRISONER see SECURITY

PROPELLER RESTRAINTS

CAR 705.40,

PROTECTIVE BREATHING
EQUIPMENT ... also
PBE, SMOKE HOODS

CAR 604.40,

705.71, 704.66,
703.67, 705.40, CBAAC 0108

FAR 121.337, 25.1439,

AC 120-43, ACOB 230
TSO-C78, C89, C99,

CAR 705.74

FAR 121.318, 25.1423,

MB 23.1, MB 23.13

PUBLIC ADDRESS

also

PA

704.33

Q
QUALIFICATIONS see
FLIGHT ATTENDANT,
INSTRUCTOR

R
RAFT

... see OVERWATER

EQUIPMENT

RAMP SAFETY ...

SAFETY

see APRON

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-48

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

RAPID DEPLANEMENT
RECORDsee also TRAINING

605.92, 605.93,

technical

REFUELING see FUELING

REPORTINGsee also
UNSERVICEABLE
EQUIPMENT

FAR 121.563, 121.701, 121.703,

135.65, AC 120.30, ACOB 928,
979

REGULATION REFERENCE

CAR 705

20 OR MORE
PASSENGER SEATS

10 - 19

CAR 704

9 OR LESS

CAR 703

RESTRAINT SYSTEMS also

SEAT BELTS,
SHOULDER HARNESS

general

CAR 605.22, 605.25; 703.29,

704.34, 705.40, 705.43, CBAAC
0070R, 0116, 0128, 0145, 0149

FAR 91.107, 121.311, 25.785,

TSO C-22F, C-114, AC 21-25

child/infant

CAR 605.28, CBAAC 0128R

FAR 91.107, 121.311,

AC-91-62, ACOB 949
FSAT 95.09, 97-01

flight attendant

CAR 605.27, 705.75,

ACOB 227, AC 25.785-1A

CBAAC

135.128

070

shoulder harness

snuggli

stretcher

testing of

AC 25.562.1

use of

FAR 121.311, FSAT 95-25, ACOB

CAR 605.24,

702.44, 703.69,
704.68, 705.75

FAR 91.107,

121.311, 25.785

CAR 605.23

228

S
SAFETY CONCERNS

TP12295

SAFETY DUTIES see also

TAXI

CAR 605.27

SAFETY EQUIPMENT

... see

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-49

December 2001
Issue 1

TOPIC

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

FAA
REFERENCE

SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT
SAFETY FEATURES CARDS

CAR 705.44, 704.35, 703.39,

604.19

FAR 91.519, 121.571,

ACOB 404(A), AC 121.24, FSAT

9706
SAFETY PROCEDURES

cabin

CAR 604.17, 705.40,

CBAAC 0106

apron

CAR 602.05

705.40

SCREENING see SECURITY

SEAT BELT SIGN see
ORDINANCE SIGNS
SEAT BELTS ... see
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
SEATSsee also FLIGHT
ATTENDANT STATIONS

armrests

cushions, flotation

TSO C-72A

cushions, flammability

CAR 705.77.

APPENDIX F TO 25

seatbacks/recline

CAR 705.40

FAR 91.535

ACOB 210

CAR 703.38, 704.33, 604.17

SEATING
SECURITY

AVIATION ACT 1958 - 902(J), FAR

135.125, EXEMPTION 2015,
ACOB 202, AC 120-34, AC
121-18A AC-18A, 120-65,

general

121-18

hijacking

FAR 108.10,

interference with crew

member

FAR 91.11

carrying of prisoners

FAR 108.21

weapons

FAR 108.11,

screening

FAR 108.9

sabotage

FAR 108.10

SERVICE

135.119

see also TAXI

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-50

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

animals

CBAAC 0121

ground

CAR 602.86

FAA
REFERENCE

SHOULDER HARNESS ... see

RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
TP 12295

SILENT REVIEW
SIMULATIONS
TRAINING

see also
CAR 705.30

in-flight

SLIDE RAFTS ... see

OVERWATER
EQUIPMENT

SMOKING see also

PLACARDS,
ORDINANCE SIGNS,
BRIEFINGS

NON SMOKERS HEALTH ACT

DOT RULE 252,

FAR 121.317, FAA-AM-80-11

CAR 705.138

FAR 135.293

SMOKE DETECTORS see

FIRE
PROTECTION/PREVENTI
ON
SMOKE HOODS ... see
PROTECTIVE
BREATHING EQUIPMENT
SOP

see STANDARD
OPERATING
PROCEDURES

SPECIAL PASSENGER
DISABLED

see

STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURES
STATIONS ... see FLIGHT
ATTENDANT STATIONS
STERILE FLIGHT DECK...
FLIGHT DECK

see

STOWAGE ... see CARRY-ON

BAGGAGE

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-51

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

FAA
REFERENCE

STRETCHER RESTRAINTS
see RESTRAINT
SYSTEMS
SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN
see OXYGEN
SURFACE CONTAMINATION
also DEICING, ICING,
AIRCRAFT ICING
SURVIVAL see
TRAINING

CAR 602.11

FAR 91.527

CBAAC 165

also

equipment for over land CAR 704.84, 703.82, 604.38,

705.95, CBAAC 0122R

equipment for over

water

CAR 602.39,

training

CAR 602.61,
602.63,705.95,705.124
0122

705.95

FAR 121.353
AC 120-47

CBAAC

T
TABLE TRAYS
TABLES

also

CHAIR

CAR 705.40,

704.33, 604.17

TAXI

duties during

CAR 605.27

FAR 121.391, 121.576, 121.577,

25.789, FSAT 93-20, ACOB 205,
206, 212, 213, 214, 219, 228,
915(C), HBAT 98-02

FAR 121.427,

TELEPHONES see also

PORTABLE
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
TRAINER . see CABIN
EVACUATION TRAINER
TRAINING

annual/recurrent

CAR 705.124

conditional approval

CAR 705.125

contracted

CAR 705.124

crew resource
management

CAR 705.124

Appendix B: Reference Information

B-52

FAR

135.351

121.406

December 2001
Issue 1

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

TOPIC

dangerous good

drills

FAA
REFERENCE

CAR 705.124

FAR 121.433

equipment

CAR 705.126

FAR 121.407, ACOB 907, HBAT

97-07, HBAT 96-02

facilities

CAR 705.124

failures

CAR 705.127

fire fighting

first aid

CAR 705.124

AC 120.44

flight attendant

CAR 604.73, 705.124

FAR 121.417, 121.421

ACOB 223, 229, HBAT 98-09, 9812,. 94-10, 98-14, 96-04 , FSAT

ACOB 230

95.05

general

CAR 705.124

in-charge flight
attendant

CAR 705.124

transferable

WORKING GROUP REPORT

minimum equipment list CAR 705.124

private operators

records/file

simulation

surface contamination

CAR 705.124

FAR 121.417

survival

CAR 705.124

FAR 121.339, 121.353,

ACOB 959, 940

validity

CAR 705.113

TURBULENCE see
BRIEFINGS,
ORDINANCE ,

CAR 103.04,

FAR 121.400, 121.401, 121.403,

121.405, 121.432, 135.321,
135.323, 135.325, 135.327,
135.341,135.349,
ACOB 205, 206, 207, 217, 219,
220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226,
227, 231, 911, 928, 940, 959,
966,
FSAT 97-02, 97-07, 98-05, HBAT
93-03

705.127

HBAT 98-12A,

94-10

FAR 121.683, 135.63,

HBAT. 94-16A
FAR 121.417

also

Appendix B: Reference Information

ACOB 213

B-53

215 , 228, 824, 915

December 2001
Issue 1

TOPIC

CANADIAN
REFERENCE

FAA
REFERENCE

RESTRAINTS
TROLLEYS see GALLEY
EQUIPMENT and
SERVICE

U
UNACCOMPANIED MINOR

CAR 624.18, 723.39, 724.34,

725.43

UNATTENDED CARTS see

GALLEY EQUIPMENT

UNSERVICEABLE EQUIPMENT
see EQUIPMENT

V
VALIDITY see TRAINING
FAR 25.831,

VENTILATION

121.219, 121.421

CAR 602.86

VIDEO MONITORS
VISUAL CHECKS

W
WALKMAN also
HEADSETSsee also
PORTABLE
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
WATER

CAR 705.40,

704.33, 703.38

... see OVERWATER

EQUIPMENT

WEAPONS

... see

SECURITY
FAR 121.693, ACOB 992
AC 120-27A, FSAT 98-04

WEIGHT AND BALANCE

WHEELCHAIRS
DISABLED

see

WINDOW ... see also

BRIEFINGS, EXIT ROW

Appendix B: Reference Information

CAR 705.40,

704.33

B-54

December 2001
Issue 1

APPENDIX C

SURVIVAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX C TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
DESERT SURVIVAL

C-3

JUNGLE SURVIVAL

C-5

Appendix C: Survival Information

C-2

December 2001
Issue 1

C.1

DESERT SURVIVAL

C.1.1 General
Whenever crew and/or passengers are in the desert priorities should be given to resist the
environmental variation of weather, the effects of dehydration and to facilitate the tasks of search
and rescue teams who might be travelling through remote areas and difficult lands.
Deserts are usually large, dry, barren tracts of land, hot in daytime and cool at night where the
temperature can vary by 20-30C in 12 hours and where the problem of survival is of first
magnitude. Familiarity with deserts surface shapes can be decisive in the outcome of a forced
landing there. Prompt dispatch of information and proper equipment are essential to the success
of the search and rescue operation.
In certain areas prevailing wind direction can be determined by the formation of sand dunes,
which usually run at right angles to it. Well-defined tracks might appear indicating ancient water
ways and surface roads. Chances of finding water wells along such tracks are greater than
elsewhere in the desert. Rescue teams tasks are also easier when the aircraft site is not far from
such tracks.
Basic survival guidelines include:

The PIC or senior crewmember should be in charge

Passengers and crew should stay away from aircraft until all risk of fire has passed
All injured persons should be moved into the shade as soon as possible and first aid
administered as soon as possible
Try to find a shelter against sun within sight of the aircraft (shade of a cliff or a hill, aircraft
wings, blankets, etc.); during most of the year the inside of the aircraft will be unsuitable in
daytime due to the intense heat; but it should be fine at night
All crew and passengers should stay in one group
It is good practice stay with the aircraft for five days; this will facilitate location by the
search and rescue team, provide shelter and signalling aids and eliminate the difficulties and
hazards associated with desert travel

In addition, the following guidelines should be followed if extended stay in the desert is
necessary:
Protection - Protect the survivors from the adverse effects of the environment:

Find a shelter and stay in the shade

Ration water and do not waste it; avoid moving much in hot sun
Keep head and the back of neck covered
Wear long pants, long sleeve shirts and keep shoes on

Appendix C: Survival Information

C-3

December 2001
Issue 1

Location:

All efforts should be made to provide an accurate location to the search and rescue teams
Consider the use of portable GPS and mobile telephones if available
Try to transmit on aircraft VHF & HF
Have all signalling gear ready to signal search and rescue aircraft
If required use non-standard signalling device; use ground air emergency code whenever
needed

Water:

Rationing water must be instituted at once

Avoid perspiring, moving in hot sun and eating hot food

Water Sources - The most likely sources of water in the desert are:

In a Sand Dune Belt, between the outer most dunes of the area, rather than the middle
In stony desert country, look for dry streambeds; dig at the lowest point on the outside of a
bend in the stream channel
In mud flats during winter, look for wet mud at the lowest point, filter it first before drinking
Collect dew if possible
Rain Water
Wells and water holes which are usually indicated by the presence of small hills

Water Purification:

Boiling: 3 minutes after coming to a boil

Iodine: 10 drops in one gallon for 30 minutes
Halazone: One tablet in one gallon for one hour
Chlorine: One teaspoonful in one gallon for one hour

Food:

Check on rations available

Eat at night to avoid getting thirsty

Non-Standard Signalling Devices:

Table C-1 below provides international codes for use by survivors

Fire (effective at night)

- In the shape of a triangle, 25-30 meters each side
Smoke (Effective during the day)
- Hydrocarbon fire, i.e. oil, rubber, in the shape of a triangle, 25-30 meters each side
- Heliograph/Mirror

Appendix C: Survival Information

C-4

December 2001
Issue 1

Miscellaneous Material
- Distinctive Colours: Various coloured materials
- Shiny Materials: Broken lavatory mirror, engine cowling
- Sand Shadow: Making sand dunes, high enough and in the presence of the sun will create
shadows

No.

Message

1
2
3
4
5

Require assistance
Require medical assistance
No or Negative
Yes or Affirmative
Proceeding in this direction

Code
Symbol
V
X
N
Y

Table C-1 Ground Air Visual Codes (For use by survivors)

C.2

JUNGLE SURVIVAL

C.2.1 General
There is no standard form of jungle in the world and the word implies wet tropical rain forest or
sub-tropical woods. In both cases environmental threats are mainly weather (hot or cold), the
presence of wild animals, insects and the possibility of infectious diseases.
Immediate action after forced landing:

Follow emergency evacuation. Administer immediate first aid; in hot and tropical climates
the risk of poisoning from an open wound is very great
Use the megaphone and stay in one group
Try to save all signalling and transmitting devices

C.2.2 Guidelines for Survival

In order to survive and be rescued successfully the following guidelines should be applied in
order of priority:
Water - The most likely sources of water in the jungle will be:

Water holes, they will probably be muddy, and with pieces of rotten vegetation in it, so filter
it first, then allow to stand for a few hours, filter again, then purify
Digging, on the seashore, dig a small hole a few yards above high tide, and as soon as you
find water collecting, stop digging; water collected in this way should be fairly free from salt,
the fresh water floating on the top of salt water, hence dont go too deep; the water obtained

Appendix C: Survival Information

C-5

December 2001
Issue 1

in this way may taste slightly brackish, but will be safe to drink; if very strong, filter it a few
times, or try again further up the shore
Stagnant water, this is not necessarily infected, but in order to make sure, filter it, then purify;
stagnant water may be found in small pools, amongst rocks, dead trees trunks, etc.
Large rivers, this water will be muddy and probably infected, so treat as for water holes

Protection:

Protect yourself and the survivors from the hostile environment

Stay in one group and light fires at night
Avoid activities that might result in injuries
Wear long pants and long sleeve shirts; keep your shoes on
Try to build shelters using clothes or wood sticks
Stay away from aircraft until all risk of fire has been passed, then you use it as a shelter

Location:

Consider building fire at night and smoke during day; the intensity of the forest could prevent
an accurate location of the aircraft
Ground air visual signal code must be used, find an opening area and make the signals

Food:

Ration food
Depending on the availability of water, consider hunting and cooking
Look for familiar plants

Appendix C: Survival Information

C-6

December 2001
Issue 1

APPENDIX D

EXAMPLE CHECKLISTS & TABLES

APPENDIX D TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
PLANNED EMERGENCY PA

D-3

PLANNED EVACUATION CHECKLIST

D-4

UNPLANNED EVACUATION CHECKLIST

D-8

EVACUATION PROCEDURES/COMMANDS SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES D-10

PLANNED DITCHING CHECKLIST

D-13

UNPLANNED DITCHING CHECKLIST

D-17

TURBULENCE INTENSITY CRITERIA

D-19

MISCONDUCT CATEGORY & ACTION TABLE

D-22

AIRLINE PASSENGER WARNING & NOTIFICATION

D-23

EXAMPLE REPORTING FORM

D-24

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-2

December 2001
Issue 1

D.1

PLANNED EMERGENCY PA
EXAMPLE PLANNED LAND EMERGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT

(First sentence to be read only if Captain has not given a PA): Ladies and Gentlemen, Captain __________ has
informed me that we need to prepare the cabin for a possible emergency landing. Your crew is fully trained to
handle this situation.
We have (approx. time) to prepare the cabin for landing, so your undivided attention is very important!
Please locate the exits closest to your seat.
(ALLOW CABIN CREW TO POINT OUT EXITS as this portion is read)
The location of each emergency exit is clearly marked with a sign overhead. Lighting units will illuminate the aisle
and exits once the aircraft comes to a complete stop.
If you are closest to a door, there will be an evacuation slide. Cross your arms and jump into it. If you are closest
to an over-wing exit, step out through the exit foot first, move rearward quickly to the slide, cross your arms and
jump.
NOTE: If the wing exit is not equipped with a slide, use the following: If you are closest to an overwing exit, step
out through the exit foot first, follow the arrows and slide off the wing.
If an exit is blocked by smoke, fire or obstruction, dont use it. Go to another exit.
At this time, remove all high-heeled shoes and sharp objects and stow them in the seat pockets.
Please check to make sure your seat belt is securely fastened, tight and low across hips, your seat back and tray
table are in the full upright and locked position, and all carry-on baggage is stowed completely underneath the seat
in front of you.
Please follow the cabin crew now while they instruct you on brace positions.
A cabin crewmember will individually brief those of you with special needs.
The brace positions are illustrated in the Safety Information Card.
(Allow CABIN CREW time to demonstrate brace positions during the next portion)
All adults sit back in your seat as far as possible, place your feet flat on the floor, cross your wrists on the seat back
in front of you, lean forward, and place forehead on your wrists. If you want to assume the alternate brace position,
lean forward, wrap your arms under your knees, and rest your head on your knees.
Children should lean forward, place head face down in lap, wrapping arms under knees.
At this time, take the Safety Information Card from the seatback pocket in front of you and review it. We will be
back with you in few minutes.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-3

December 2001
Issue 1

D.2

PLANNED EVACUATION CHECKLIST

The table below lists the suggested sequence of actions to be taken and associated commands
and announcements to be made by the cabin crew during an unplanned evacuation.

ACTION
PIC INFORMS
LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER

DESCRIPTIONS
Cabin crewmember should obtain the following information from the PIC:
The type of emergency, evacuation required, evacuation signal and the time
available.
Acronyms like the one below aid in memorizing necessary actions
TYPE OF EMERGENCY?
EVACUATION NECESSARY?
SIGNAL TO EVACUATE?
TIME AVAILABLE (Synchronize watches)?
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS?
NATURE OF EMERGENCY?
TIME TO PREPARE ?
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS?
BRACE COMMANDS?

WHEN AND WHO WILL GIVE THE BRACE COMMAND?

HOW MUCH TIME TO PREPARE?
ANY SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS?
TYPE OF EMERGENCY?
SYNCHRONIZE WATCHES?
LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER ADVISES
AND COORDINATES WITH
ALL CABIN CREWMEMBERS
DESIGINATED CABIN
CREWMEMBER TURN
LIGHTS TO BRIGHT
LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER DELIVERS
THE PA ANNOUNCEMENT,
e.g.,

Relay information obtained from the PIC to all cabin crewmembers.

All cabin crewmembers obtain checklist.

Planned Emergency PA includes information on the type of emergency situation,

location of exits and brace position.
The P.A. may be followed by a PICs announcement.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

The Captain has informed me that
due to .., we will be making a
precautionary landing at.. in
approximately..minutes.
We will give you instructions to
prepare for a safe and orderly
evacuation, should it become
necessary.
Your crew is capable and trained
to handle this situation.
Please direct your attention to the
Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-4

December 2001
Issue 1

ACTION
cabin crewmembers in the cabin.
ALL OTHER CABIN
CREWMEMBERS TAKE
DEMO POSITION
ALL CABIN CREWMEMBERS
ENSURE ALL EXITS ARMED/
UNOBSTRUCTED
ALL CABIN CREWMEMBERS
SECURE THE CABIN

RESEAT PASSENGERS NEAR

EXITS
BRIEF/RESEAT ASSISTANTS
COLLECT/STOW ITEMS
ENSURE PASSENGER
UNDERSTANDNG OF PA

ASSIGN BUDDY SYSTEM

CABIN CREWMEMBERS
ADVISE LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER THAT
CHECKLIST IS COMPLETE
PIC INDICATES
PREPARATION LANDING

DESCRIPTIONS
Demonstrate information to the passengers as it is read.
Demonstrate all brace positions at least twice.
Show the Safety Information card to illustrate.
Check slide armed indicators, arming handles and ensure no baggage/cart doors, etc.
will obstruct the exit.
Clear cabin of catering and cabin service items (ie: cups, glasses, pillows/blankets,
headsets).
Secure galleys and ensure secondary restraints are in place.
Turn off all galley power.
Lock lavatory doors.
Secure curtains/cabin dividers.
Reseat family members together if possible.
Reseat passengers near doors, if load permits.
Choose crewmembers, military personnel, police, fire-fighters, trained professionals
as assistants. Seat them at exits.
Passengers are to remove and stow loose/sharp items.
Items not secure must be moved to an overhead bin, closet, or under a seat.
Use safety briefing card to illustrate and ask the following questions:

Show me your bracing position

Where is your nearest and alternate exit?
When will you evacuate?
Where will you go after exiting the aircraft?

Brief passengers on assisting unaccompanied minors, elderly and disabled

individuals.
Lead Cabin Crewmember advise flight deck checklist is complete.

Indication of prepare for landing phase can be a signal or PA.

Fasten Seat Belt sign is illuminated.
No Smoking sign is illuminated.

LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER PERFORMS
PREPARE FOR LANDING PA
ALL CABIN CREW VERIFY
COMPLIANCE
PIC GIVES BRACE
COMMAND
CABIN CREW SHOUT
COMMANDS, e.g.,

Flight Deck will give the brace command at the designated time (ie 500 ft).

Cabin crew repeat brace command until all heads are down.

BRACE
HEADS DOWN,STAY DOWN

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-5

December 2001
Issue 1

ACTION
CABIN CREWMEMBERS
STAY IN BRACE POSITION
UNTIL AIRCRAFT COMES
TO A COMPLETE STOP

CABIN CREW SHOUT

COMMANDS, e.g.,
RELEASE SEAT BELTS
CABIN CREW RELEASE
SEAT BELT/HARNESS AND
STOW JUMP SEAT
ASSIGNED CABIN CREW
WILL ACTIVATE
EMERGENCY
LIGHTS/SIGNALLING
SYSTEM
CABIN CREW ASSESS
CONDITIONS
OPEN EXITS
CABIN CREW SHOUT
COMMANDS, e.g.,
LEAVE BELONGINGS
COME THIS WAY
ASSUME PROTECTED
POSITION WITH
INTERNATIONAL STOP SIGN
RAISED
CABIN CREW SHOUT
COMMANDS, e.g.,
YOU, YOU STAY AT THE
BOTTOM ASSIST PEOPLE
OFF (at door exit)
YOU STAY OUT ON THE
WING HELP THE PEOPLE
OUT (at window exit)
CABIN CREW EVACUATE
PASSENGERS
SHOUT COMMANDS, e.g.,

DESCRIPTIONS
The PIC initiates the evacuation by issuing the appropriate command (ie. EASY
VICTOR) and/or evacuation signal.
Cabin Crew will make an independent decision to initiate an evacuation when there
is severe structural damage, a life-threatening situation (fire, smoke, impact forces,
ditching) or abnormal aircraft attitude exists and there is no response from the flight
deck.

Cabin Crew should be aware of additional instructions/qualifiers given over the pa

by the PIC (i.e., Do not use 1R). Any reference to a specific exit during an evacuation
will mean NOT to use that exit. (Change door mode before leaving your station.)
When directed to evacuate by the PIC or initiated by a flight attendant

Stow seat belts (in the jump seat) to eliminate the possibility of interference of egress
to exit.

Evaluate outside conditions. (i.e. smoke, fire, obstructions, aircraft attitude, water)
Open the door in armed position. Pull the manual inflation handle.

Assume the protected position to maintain balance.

Utilize the fuselage assist handle to avoid being pushed out the exit.
The hand closest to passengers is raised in the International Stop Sign.
Make eye contact with assistants reminding them to stay at the bottom and assist by
pulling people off the bottom of the slide.

Once you have determined the exit is usable, drop the international stop sign and
begin shouting appropriate commands.

CROSS YOUR ARMS.

JUMP, JUMP (at door exits)

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-6

December 2001
Issue 1

ACTION
STEP THROUGH, FOOT
FIRST. STAY ON YOUR FEET
JUMP INTO THE SLIDE, IF
SLIDE IS AVAILABLE,
OTHERWISE SLIDE OFF
WING
CABIN CREW CONTINUE TO
SHOUT COMMANDS AT EXIT
AND MONITOR FLOW
CONTROL
CABIN CREW CONDUCT
VISUAL CHECK, OBTAIN
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
AS ASSIGNED (e.g., flashlight,
first aid kit, megaphone, ELT)
AND EXIT THE AIRCRAFT
CABIN CREW GATHER
PASSENGERS AWAY FROM
THE AIRCRAFT

ADMINISTER FIRST AID

DO NOT PERMIT
PASSENGERS TO SMOKE OR
RE-ENTER THE AIRCRAFT

OBTAIN A PASSENGER AND

CREW HEADCOUNT AND
REPORT TO RANKING
CREWMEMBER

CONTINUE TO MONITOR
SITUATION/ENVIRONMENT
UNTIL QUALIFIED
PERSONEL
ARRIVE
CABIN CREW MAKE NO
COMMENTS CONCERNING
THE INCIDENT/ACCIDENT
TO ANYONE OTHER THAN
CREW UNTIL PROPER
REPRESENTATION IS
PRESENT

DESCRIPTIONS

Passengers may need to be re-directed to alternate exits due to congestion, unusable

exits, or changing conditions of the cabin.

When no more passengers are coming to the exit, check cabin and if clear, obtain the
aircraft flashlight, check the flight deck, and exit the aircraft.
Imminent danger supersedes established guidelines for evacuation.
If at any time imminent danger is present, concern for ones own safety takes a
priority status.
Assemble passengers in a safe area upwind and away from the aircraft (i.e., 100
feet/30 metres). Stay away from the aircraft until the engines have cooled, spilled
fuel has evaporated, and all fires are out and start head count. It should be
recognized that it may be difficult to gather passengers together as many may be
injured and unable to move. In these cases, cabin crew should assign someone to
stay with the injured passenger.

Check for injuries and administer first aid.

Assess personal physical and emotional needs as well as those of other
crewmembers.

Organize survivors into manageable size groups and establish buddy systems.

Only if conditions warrant may the aircraft be re-entered to search for first aid kits,
food, blankets, etc.
Seek shelter as near as possible to the aircraft (An aircraft is easier to locate than
people).
Await rescue.
Crewmembers should:
Gather and stay together in a safe location, e.g., hospital or hotel.
Call personal family members.
Notify personal representatives.
No comments are to be made to the media or local officials until appropriate
representation is available.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-7

December 2001
Issue 1

D.3

UNPLANNED EVACUATION CHECKLIST

The table below lists the suggested sequence of actions to be taken and associated commands
and announcements to be made by the cabin crew during an unplanned evacuation.
ACTION
CABIN CREW IS POSITIONED ON THE
JUMP SEAT WITH SEAT
BELTS/HARNESSES FASTENED
CABIN CREW SHOUT COMMANDS, e.g.,
RELEASE SEAT BELTS
CABIN CREW RELEASE SEAT
BELT/HARNESS AND STOW JUMP SEAT
ASSIGNED CREWMEMBER WILL
ACTIVATE EMERGENCY
LIGHTS/SIGNALLY SYSTEM
CABIN CREWMEMBER ASSESS
CONDITIONS
OPEN EXITS
CABIN CREWMEMBER SHOUT
COMMANDS, e.g.,
LEAVE BELONGINGS
COME THIS WAY
ASSUME PROTECTED POSITION WITH
INTERNATIONAL STOP SIGN RAISED

DESCRIPTIONS
FAR 121. 391
JAR-OPS 1.310

When directed to evacuate by the PIC or initiated by a flight

attendant
Stow seat belts (in the jump seat) to eliminate the possibility of
interference of egress to exit.

Evaluate outside conditions. (i.e., fire, obstructions, aircraft

attitude, smoke, water)
Pull the manual slide inflation handle.

CABIN CREWMEMBER ASSIGN

ASSISTANTS AND SHOUT COMMANDS,
e.g.,

Assume the protected position to maintain balance.

Utilize the fuselage assist handle to avoid being pushed out the
exit.
The hand closest to passengers is raised in the International Stop
Sign.
Make eye contact with the first two people who come to your exit
telling them to stay at the bottom and assist by pulling people off
the bottom of the slide

YOU, YOU STAY AT THE BOTTOM

ASSIST PEOPLE OFF (at door exit)
YOU STAY OUT ON THE WING HELP THE
PEOPLE OUT (at window exit)
CABIN CREWMEMBER EVACUATE
PASSENGERS SHOUT COMMANDS, e.g.,

Once you have determined there is a usable slide/exit, drop the

international stop sign and begin shouting appropriate commands.

CROSS YOUR ARMS.

JUMP, JUMP (at door exits)
STEP THROUGH, FOOT FIRST. STAY ON
YOUR FEET JUMP INTO THE SLIDE,
IF SLIDE IS AVAILABLE, OTHERWISE
SLIDE OFF WING
CABIN CREWMEMBERS CONTINUE TO
SHOUT COMMANDS AT YOUR EXIT
AND MONITOR FLOW CONTROL
CABIN CREWMEMBERS CONDUCT
VISUAL CHECK, OBTAIN ASSIGNED
Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

Passengers may need to be re-directed to alternate exits due to

congestion, unusable exits, or changing conditions of the cabin.
When no more passengers are utilizing exit, check cabin and if
clear, obtain the aircraft flashlight, check the flight deck and get

D-8

December 2001
Issue 1

ACTION
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT (e.g.,
flashlight, First Aid Kit, megaphone, ELT)
AND EXIT THE AIRCRAFT

CABIN CREW GATHER PASSENGERS

AWAY FROM THE AIRCRAFT

ADMINISTER FIRST AID

DESCRIPTIONS
out of the aircraft.
Imminent danger supersedes established guidelines for evacuation.
If at any time imminent danger is present, concern for personal
safety takes a priority status.
Assemble passengers in a safe area upwind and away from the
aircraft (i.e.: 100 feet/30 meters). Stay clear of the aircraft until the
engines have cooled, spilled fuel has evaporated, and all fires are
out.
Check for injuries and administer first aid.
Assess personal physical and emotional needs as well as those of
other crewmembers.

DO NOT PERMIT PASSENGERS TO

SMOKE OR RE-ENTER THE AIRCRAFT
OBTAIN A PASSENGER AND CREW
HEADCOUNT AND REPORT TO
RANKING CREWMEMBER
CONTINUE TO MONITOR
SITUATION/ENVIRONMENT UNTIL
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
ARRIVE
CABIN CREWMEMBERS MAKE NO
COMMENTS CONCERNING THE
INCIDENT/ACCIDENT TO ANYONE
OTHER THAN CREW UNTIL PROPER
REPRESENTATION IS PRESENT

Organize survivors into manageable size groups and establish

buddy systems.
Only if conditions warrant may the aircraft be re-entered to search
for first aid kits, food, blankets, etc.
Seek shelter in or as near as possible to the aircraft (An aircraft is
easier to locate than people).
Await rescue.
Crewmembers should:
Gather and stay together in a safe location, e.g., hospital or
hotel.
Notify appropriate personnel.
No comments are to be made to the media or local officials until
appropriate representation is available.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-9

December 2001
Issue 1

D.4

EVACUATION PROCEDURES/COMMANDS SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES

The table below lists the suggested sequence of actions to be taken and associated commands
and announcements to be made by the cabin crew to address special circumstances which may be
encountered during evacuation.
CIRCUMSTANCE
SMOKE FILLED CABIN

ACTIONS
IF TIME AND CONDITIONS
PERMIT, CABIN CREW
ENSURE CABIN
ELECTRICAL POWER IS OFF
AND OBTAIN FLASHLIGHTS.
CABIN CREW COVER NOSE
AND MOUTH.

CABIN CREW POSITION SO

AS TO BE AS LOW AS
POSSIBLE.

DESCRIPTION
On the ground
Cabin crew should recognize that
shouted commands may not be
possible due to heavy smoke. If
possible, use PBE and shout
commands through the PBE.

Use available equipment (e.g., Wet

cloths, smoke hoods)

COMMAND EVACUATION.
CABIN CREW
CONTINOUSLY SHOUT
COMMANDS.

PASSENGERS RUSHING AN
EXIT

CABIN CREW MOVE

QUICKLY TO AN EXIT AND
EVACUATE.
CABIN CREW SHOUT
COMMANDS, e.g.,

PASSENGER ATTEMPTING
TO SIT AT DOOR SILL

STAND BACK
HOLD THE PEOPLE BACK
CABIN CREW SHOUT
COMMANDS, e.g.,

PASSENGER HESITATES AT
A DOOR

PASSENGER GRABS DOOR

FRAME

Due to limited visibility in the

cabin, passengers will rely on
voice commands.

STAND UP
STAY ON YOUR FEET
JUMP! JUMP!
CABIN CREWMEMBER
BRING KNEE UP AND UNDER
PASSENGERS REAR TO
PUSH HIM/HER OUT
CABIN CREWMEMBER USE
AN UPWARD ARM MOTION
TO BREAK PASSENGERS
GRIP AND SHOUT
COMMANDS, e.g.,
JUMP! JUMP!

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-10

December 2001
Issue 1

CIRCUMSTANCE
PASSENGERS DO NOT
RESPOND TO CABIN CREW
COMMANDS

PASSENGER INITIATED
UNWARRENTED
EVACUATION

ACTIONS
CABIN CREW MUST SHOW
ABSOLUTE COMMAND
ATTITUDE TO CONTROL
EVACUATION

DESCRIPTION
Some passengers may want to take
command.
Other passengers may not react to
cabin crew commands.

CABIN CREW NOTIFY

FLIGHT DECK
CABIN CREW MAKE AN
ANNOUNCEMENT FOR
PASSENGERS TO REMAIN
SEATED
CABIN CREW PROCEED TO
THE AREA OF EVACUATION
AND SHOUT COMMANDS,
e.g.,

Cabin crewmembers make every

attempt to halt the evacuation
process and take command of the
situation.

STOP
STAY SEATED

ANGLE OF SLIDE IS
SHALLOW

EVACUATING NONAMBULATORY
PASSENGERS

EVACUATE WITH LAP

CHILD/INFANT

IF PASSENGERS HAVE
EXITED FROM THE
AIRCRAFT, NOTIFY THE
FLIGHT DECK
CABIN CREW SHOUT
COMMANDS, e.g.,
RUN DOWN SLIDE
ROLL OFF THE SIDE
TIME PERMITTING AND
FOLLOWING THE MAIN
FLOW OF TRAFFIC, CABIN
CREW WILL INSTRUCT
ABLE BODIED PASSENGER
TO ASSIST IN LOWERING
NONAMBULATORY
PASSENGER TO THE FLOOR
ENSURE THE PASSENGER IS
ASSISTED TO THE EXIT AND
EVACUATED

The preferred method for a

physically disabled passenger to
evacuate is via an escape slide, feet
first.

Cabin crewmembers should not

jeopardize personal or another
persons safety to evacuate nonambulatory passengers in an
emergency situation

CABIN CREW INSTRUCT

THE ADULT WITH A LAP
CHILD/INFANT TO JUMP
INTO THE SLIDE IN A
SITTING POSITION
HOLDING THE CHILD ON
HIS/HER LAP WITH ARMS
WRAPPED AROUND THE
CHILD

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-11

December 2001
Issue 1

CIRCUMSTANCE
EMERGENCY
DEPLANE/EVACUATE AT
THE GATE
BOARDING DOOR OPEN

ACTIONS

DESCRIPTION

CABIN CREW COMMAND

EVACUATION AND SHOUT,
e.g.,
USE FORWARD DOOR
COME THIS WAY
LEAVE BELONGINGS

EMERGENCY
DEPLANING/EVACUATION
AT THE GATE
ALL DOORS ARE ARMED

ASSIST ANIMALS

THERE ARE CASES WHERE

ALL EXITS WOULD BE USED
FOR EVACUATION
CABIN CREW COMMAND
EVACUATION AND SHOUT,
e.g.,
RELEASE SEAT BELTS
COME THIS WAY
CABIN CREW INSTRUCT
PASSENGER TO HOLD PET
IN LAP WHEN EXITING VIA
AN ESCAPE SLIDE

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-12

The boarding door will be

considered a blocked exit if the
jetbridge/mobile stairs interfere
with operation

Should the animal and passenger

become separated, the animal
should be lead to the top of the
slide and pushed down, after the
passenger has left the aircraft.

December 2001
Issue 1

D.5

PLANNED DITCHING CHECKLIST

The table below lists the suggested sequence of actions to be taken and associated commands
and announcements to be made by the cabin crew during a planned ditching.
ACTION
PIC INFORMS
LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER

DESCRIPTIONS
Cabin Crew must obtain the following information from the PIC:
The type of emergency, evacuation required, evacuation signal and the time
available.
Acronyms work well in emergency situations.
TYPE OF EMERGENCY?
EVACUATION NECESSARY?
SIGNAL TO EVACUATE?
TIME AVAILABLE? (Synchronize watches)
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS?
NATURE OF EMERGENCY?
TIME TO PREPARE?
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS?
BRACE COMMANDS?

LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER ADVISES
AND COORDINATES WITH
ALL CABIN CREW
DESIGINATED CABIN CREW
TURN LIGHTS TO BRIGHT
CABIN CREW OBTAIN AND
DON LIFE VEST
LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER DELIVERS
THE
PA ANNOUNCEMENT, e.g.,

WHEN AND WHO WILL GIVE THE BRACE COMMAND?

HOW MUCH TIME TO PREPARE?
ANY SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS?
TYPE OF EMERGENCY?
SYNCHRONIZE WATCHES?
Relay information obtained from the PIC to all cabin crewmembers.
All cabin crewmembers obtain checklist.

Crewmember life vests should be a different colour than the passengers life vest
(e.g., bright orange).
Life vests should have lights (e.g., water activated).
Planned Emergency PA includes information on the type of emergency situation,
location of exits and brace position.
The P.A. may be followed by a PICs announcement.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

The Captain has informed me that
due to .., we will be making
preparations for a water landing
in approximately..minutes.
We will give you instructions to
prepare for an evacuation.
Your crew is capable and trained
to handle this situation.
Please direct your attention to the
CABIN CREW in the cabin.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-13

December 2001
Issue 1

ACTION
ALL OTHER CABIN CREW
TAKE DEMO POSITION
ALL CABIN CREW ENSURE
ALL EXITS ARMED/
UNOBSTRUCTED
ALL CABIN CREW SECURE
THE CABIN

RESEAT PASSENGERS NEAR

EXITS
BRIEF/RESEAT ASSISTANTS
PREPOSITION AND SECURE
DESIGNATED RAFTS
COLLECT/STOW ITEMS
ENSURE PASSENGER
UNDERSTANDNG OF PA

ASSIGN BUDDY SYSTEM

DESCRIPTIONS
Demonstrate information to the passengers as it is read.
Demonstrate all brace positions at least twice.
Show the Safety Information card to illustrate.
Check slide armed indicators, arming handles and ensure no baggage/cart doors, etc.
will obstruct the exit.
Clear cabin of catering and cabin service items (e.g., cups, glasses, pillows/blankets,
headsets).
Secure galleys and ensure secondary restraints are in place.
Turn off all galley power.
Lock lavatory doors.
Secure curtains/cabin dividers.
Reseat family members together if possible.
Reseat passengers near doors, if load permits.
Choose crewmembers, military personnel, police, fire-fighters, trained professionals
as assistants. Seat them at exits.

Passengers are to remove and stow loose/sharp items.

Items not secure must be moved to an overhead bin, closet, or under a seat.
Use Safety Information card to illustrate and ask the following questions:

Show me your bracing position

Where is your nearest and alternate exit?
When will you evacuate?
When will you inflate your life vest?
Where is your assigned raft?

Brief passengers on assisting unaccompanied minors, elderly and disabled

individuals.
Lead Cabin Crewmember advise flight deck checklist is complete.

CABIN CREW ADVISE LEAD

CABIN CREWMEMBER
THAT CHECKLIST IS
COMPLETE
PIC INDICATES
PREPARATION WATER
LANDING PHASE OF FLIGHT
LEAD CABIN
CREWMEMBER PREFORMS
PREPARE FOR LANDING PA
ALL CABIN CREW
VERIFY COMPLIANCE
PIC GIVES BRACE
COMMAND

Flight deck will give the brace command at the appropriate time (e.g., 500 feett/150
metres)

CABIN CREW SHOUT

COMMANDS, e.g.,

Cabin crew repeat brace command until all heads are down.

Indication of prepare for water landing phase can be a signal or PA

Fasten Seat Belt sign is illuminated.
No Smoking sign is illuminated.

BRACE
HEADS DOWN, STAY DOWN

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-14

December 2001
Issue 1

ACTION
CABIN CREW STAY IN
BRACE POSITION UNTIL
AIRCRAFT COMES TO A
COMPLETE STOP

CABIN CREWSHOUT
COMMANDS
TO ASSISTANTS, e.g.,
ASSISTANTS-RAFTS
CABIN CREW RELEASE
SEAT BELT/HARNESS AND
STOW JUMP SEAT
ASSIGNED CABIN CREW
WILL ACTIVATE
EMERGENCY
LIGHTS/SIGNALLING
SYSTEM
CABIN CREW ASSESS
CONDITIONS
OPEN EXITS AND DEPLOY
RAFTS

DESCRIPTIONS
The PIC initiates the evacuation by issuing the appropriate command (e.g., EASY
VICTOR-EASY VICTOR) and/or evacuation signal.
Cabin Crew will make an independent decision to initiate an evacuation when there
is severe structural damage, a life-threatening situation (fire, smoke, impact forces,
ditching) or abnormal aircraft attitude exists and there is no response from the flight
deck.
Cabin Crew should be aware of additional instructions/qualifiers given over the PA
by the PIC.
When directed to evacuate by the PIC or initiated by a flight attendant.

Stow seat belts (in the jump seat) to eliminate the possibility of interference of egress
to exit.

Evaluate outside conditions (ie: fire, obstructions, aircraft attitude, water level)
Secure raft to the aircraft.
Pull manual inflation handle.
Launch raft.
Inflate raft.

CABIN CREW SHOUT

COMMANDS, e.g.,
RELEASE SEAT BELTS,
COME THIS WAY
CABIN CREW ASSUME
PROTECTED POSITION
CABIN CREW EVACUATE
PASSENGERS
SHOUT COMMANDS, e.g.,
INFLATE LIFE VEST, CRAWL
INTO RAFT, SIT ON BOTH
SIDES
STEP THROUGH, FOOT
FIRST. STAY ON YOUR FEET
INFLATE LIFE VEST,
CRAWL INTO RAFT, SIT ON
BOTH SIDES
CABIN CREW CONTINUE TO
SHOUT COMMANDS AT
YOUR EXIT AND MONITOR
FLOW CONTROL

Passengers may need to be re-directed to alternate rafts due to congestion, unusable

exits, or changing conditions of the cabin.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-15

December 2001
Issue 1

ACTION

DESCRIPTIONS

ENSURE PASSENGER COUNT

DOES NOT EXCEED
CAPACITY
CABIN CREW CONDUCT
VISUAL CHECK, OBTAIN
AIRCRAFT EMERGENCY
EQUIPMENT AS ASSIGNED
(e.g., flashlight, first aid kit,
megaphone, ELT, survival kit)
INFLATE LIFE VEST
AND EXIT THE AIRCRAFT

When no more passengers are utilizing exit, check cabin and flight deck if clear,
obtain the aircraft flashlight, inflate life vest and exit the aircraft.
Imminent danger supersedes established guidelines for evacuation.
If at any time imminent danger is present, concern for personal safety takes a priority
status.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-16

December 2001
Issue 1

D.6

UNPLANNED DITCHING CHECKLIST

The table below lists the suggested sequence of actions to be taken and associated commands
and announcements to be made by the cabin crew during an unplanned ditching.
ACTION
CABIN CREW ARE POSITIONED ON THE JUMP
SEAT WITH SEAT BELTS/HARNESSES
FASTENED
CABIN CREWSHOUTS COMMANDS, e.g.,

HEADS DOWN
STAY DOWN
STAY IN BRACE POSITION UNTIL AIRCRAFT
COMES TO A COMPLETE STOP

DESCRIPTION
FAR 121. 391
JAR-OPS 1.310

The PIC normally initiates the evacuation by issuing the

appropriate command (e.g..: EASY VICTOR) and/or
evacuation signal.
Cabin crew will make an independent decision to initiate
an evacuation when there is severe structural damage, a
life-threatening situation (fire, smoke, impact forces,
ditching) or abnormal aircraft attitude exists and there is
no response from the flight deck.
Cabin crew should be aware of additional
instructions/qualifiers given over the PA by the PIC
(e.g., Do not use exit 1R). Any reference to a specific exit
during an evacuation will mean NOT to use that exit.

CABIN CREW SHOUT COMMANDS:

DIRECT PASSENGERS TO OBTAIN ALL
AVAILABLE FLOATATION EQUIPMENT, e.g.,
SEAT CUSHIONS, LIFE VESTS

CABIN CREW RELEAESE SEAT BELTS

DON LIFE VEST
ASSESS WATER SEEPAGE AT EXITS
CABIN CREW SHOUT COMMANDS TO
PASSENGERS, e.g.,
RELEASE SEAT BELTS
COME THIS WAY BRING YOUR SEAT
CUSHION/LIFEVEST
CABIN CREW OPEN USEABLE EXITS IN
ARMED MODE
OR
COMMAND ASSISTANTS TO
TRANSFER SLIDES/LIFE RAFTS TO USEABLE
EXITS
CABIN CREW DEPLOY SLIDES/LIFE RAFTS
SLIDE BOARDING:
CABIN CREW COMMAND LIFE VESTS TO BE
INFLATED AS THEY DEPART THE AIRCRAFT

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

Exits that are below water level should be considered

unusable.
Aft tail cone exit will be un-useable.
Window exits can be used and floatation devices should
be launched from the aft over wing exits.

Use all exits above the water line.

Prior to transferring slides/life rafts to useable exits,

ensure all passengers are evacuated (into the water, if
necessary).
Deploy flotation devices from the aft over wing exit.

D-17

December 2001
Issue 1

ACTION
INSTRUCT CHILDREN, ELDERLY AND
DISABLED PASSENGERS TO BOARD THE
SLIDE
INSTRUCT REMAINING PASSENGERS TO
HOLD ON TO THE HANDHOLDS

DESCRIPTION

LIFE RAFT BOARDING:

CABIN CREW COMMAND PASSENGERS TO
BOARD RAFT AND SIT DOWN

CABIN CREW DETACH SLIDE/LIFE RAFT

FROM THE AIRCRAFT
CABIN CREW INFLATE LIFE VEST AND
BOARD SLIDE/LIFE RAFT
CABIN CREW/FLIGHT DECK CREW
ESTABLISH A LEADER ON THE SLIDE/LIFE
RAFT
CABIN CREW AND FLIGHT DECK CREW
BEGIN SURVIVAL AND RESCUE PHASE

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

Cabin Crew should ensure that passenger raft count does

not exceed recommended raft capacity
Passengers should board the raft and sit on alternating
sides.
Slide/Life rafts are detached by cutting the lifeline or
pulling the disengage handle.

Attempt to assign one crewmember to each raft and

establish command.
Keep groups together and away from the aircraft.
Follow instructions from the raft manual.

D-18

December 2001
Issue 1

D.7

TURBULENCE INTENSITY CRITERIA

Turbulence Intensity Criteria

Condition
Light
Turbulence

Moderate
Turbulence

Airplane Reaction
Momentary, slight
erratic changes in
altitude and/or
attitude

Changes in altitude or
attitude occur,
airspeed fluctuations
occur, but the airplane
remains in positive
control

Cabin
Reaction
Occupants may
feel a slight
strain against
seat belts.
Unsecured
items may be
displaced
slightly.
Liquid is
shaking but not
splashing out
of cup.
Food service
may be
conducted.
Walking and
cart
manoeuvring
may be
difficult.
Occupants feel
definite strain
against seat
belt.
Unsecured
objects move
about. Coffee
is splashing out
of cup. Very
difficult to
walk and
manoeuvre
carts.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-19

Crew Actions
PIC
Fasten Seat Belt sign on at PICs discretion
Cabin Crew
Verify passengers compliance with seat belt
sign
Verify infant/children are secure in
approved seat
Secure unattended carts, cabin and service
items
Continue service with caution

PIC
Fasten Seat Belt sign on
PA made instructing passengers to fasten
seat belt
Communicate with cabin crew to determine
service restrictions
Cabin Crew
Discontinue service
Verify passenger seat belt compliance if
conditions permit
Secure cabin and service items, angle and
set cart brake
Verify lavatories unoccupied, conditions
permitting
Sit down in nearest passenger seat or jump
seat; if seat is unavailable, sit on floor and
hold on

December 2001
Issue 1

Turbulence Intensity Criteria

Condition

Airplane Reaction

Severe
Turbulence

Large, abrupt changes

in altitude/attitude
occur. Usually large
airspeed fluctuations
occur. Airplane may
be momentarily out of
control. Maintenance
write-up and airplane
inspection required.

Extreme
Turbulence

Airplane tossed
violently about;
practically impossible
to control. May cause
structural damage.
Maintenance write up
and airplane
inspection required

Cabin
Reaction
Occupants
forced
violently
against seat
belts.
Unsecured
objects tossed
about or lifted
from the floor.
Walking is
impossible as
is standing
without hold
on to
something for
support.
Occupants
forced
violently
against seat
belts.
Unsecured
objects tossed
about or lifted
from the floor.
Walking is
impossible as
is standing
without hold
on to
something for
support.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-20

Crew Actions
PIC
Fasten Seat Belt on
If possible, make a PA instructing
passengers and cabin crew to be seated
Cabin Crew
Sit down immediately and secure oneself
Make a PA or shout commands to
passengers to fasten seat belt, secure
infants/children
After the turbulence, communicate cabin
conditions and injuries to the flight deck
crew

PIC
Fasten Seat Belt sign on
If possible, make a PA instructing
passengers and cabin crew to be seated.
Cabin Crew
Sit down immediately and secure oneself
Make PA or shout commands to passengers
to fasten seat belt, secure infants/children
After the turbulence, communicate cabin
condition and injuries to the flight deck
crew

December 2001
Issue 1

Turbulence Intensity Criteria

Condition

Airplane Reaction

Clear Air
Turbulence
(CAT)

A variety of the above

conditions may occur,
depending on the
severity of clear air
turbulence. (CAT is
not an intensity
measure, rather a type
of turbulence that
occurs in clear air,
clear of clouds, and,
therefore, usually
without warning.)

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

Cabin
Reaction

Crew Actions
PIC
Take appropriate action based on intensity
and duration of turbulence
Cabin Crew
Take appropriate action based on intensity
of turbulence

D-21

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D.8

MISCONDUCT CATEGORY & ACTION TABLE

Crewmember requests
passenger to comply.

Category One
Passenger complies with
request.

These are actions that do

not interfere with cabin or
flight safety. Examples
include verbal insults or
refusing to fasten seat belt.

Crewmember requests
passenger to comply.

There is no further action

required by the flight
attendant.
Such an incident need not
be reported to the flight
deck or the regulatory
authority, but should be
documented via flight
report.

Category Two
Passenger continues
disturbance that interferes
with cabin safety.
Examples include
continuation of verbal
insults or continuing refusal
to comply with federal
regulations, e.g. failure to
fasten seat belt when sign is
illuminated or operation of
unauthorized electronic
equipment. Procedures
regarding flight deck
notification should be
followed.

After attempting to defuse

the situation, the PIC and
the cabin crewmember will
coordinate on the issuance
of the Airline Passenger
Warning & Notification
(See Below) and
completion of the In-Flight
Incident Report. The cabin
crewmember provides these
forms to appropriate
company personnel upon
arrival. In turn, the
company personnel may file
the incident report with the
regulatory authority.
The flight deck crew should
note the aircraft location at
the time of incident/assault
and complete a Flight
Debrief.
The cabin crewmembers
should complete an InFlight Passenger Incident
Report and In-Flight
Service Flight Report .

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-22

December 2001
Issue 1

Category Three
Examples:
1. A crewmembers duties are disrupted due to
continuing interference.
2. A passenger or crewmember is injured or subjected to
a credible threat of injury.
3. An unscheduled landing is made and/or restraints such
as handcuffs are used.
4. A passenger continues disturbance after receiving
Operators Airline Passenger Warning & Notification.

Cabin crewmember and PIC

complete actions in
category two and flight
deck crew requests
appropriate law
enforcement agency
personnel to meet the flight
upon arrival.
The flight deck crew should
note the current aircraft
location and complete a
Flight Debrief.
The cabin crewmembers
should complete an InFlight Passenger Incident
Report and In-Flight
Service Flight.

AIRLINE PASSENGER WARNING & NOTIFICATION

(sample based on United States regulations)
You must immediately cease if you wish to avoid prosecution and your removal
from this aircraft at the next point of arrival. This is a formal warning that in
accordance with US Federal Law (Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
Parts 91 and 121), the follow is prohibited:

Threatening, intimidating, or interfering with a crew member (section 91.11)

Smoking on a no-smoking flight or in the lavatory (section 121.317)
Drinking any alcoholic beverage not served by a crew member or creating an
alcohol-related disturbance (section 121.575)

An incident report will be filed with the FAA. If you do not refrain from these
activities, you will be prosecuted. The Federal Aviation Act provides for civil
monetary fines and, in some cases, imprisonment.

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-23

December 2001
Issue 1

D.10

EXAMPLE REPORTING FORM

Appendix D: Example Checklists & Tables

D-24

December 2001
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APPENDIX E

MEDICAL & EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

APPENDIX E TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
MEDICAL KIT CONTENTS

E-3

EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST

E-4

Appendix E: Medical & Emergency Equipment

E-2

December 2001
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E.1

MEDICAL KIT CONTENTS

First Aid Kit

(Designed to be used by flight crew/cabin crew to treat minor medical events)

Adhesive bandage compresses, 1-inch

Antiseptic swabs
Ammonia Inhalants
Bandage compresses, 4-inch
Triangular bandage compresses, 40-inch
Arm splint, non-inflatable
Leg splint, non-inflatable
Roller bandage, 4-inch
Adhesive tape, 1-inch standard roll
Bandage scissors

Emergency Medical Kit (EMK)

(Designed to be used by crew under the direction of a ground-based physician or medical
professionals to treat medical emergencies)

Stethoscope
Blood pressure cuff
syringes/needles
Airways
Resuscitation device
CPR mask
IV Admin Set
Saline solution
Protective non-permeable gloves
Analgesic, non-narcotic, tablets
Antihistamine tablets
Antihistamine injectable
Atropine
Aspirin tablets
Bronchodilator
Dextrose
Epinephrine
Lidocaine
Nitroglycerin tablets
Basic instructions for use

Appendix E: Medical & Emergency Equipment

E-3

December 2001
Issue 1

Enhanced Emergency Medical Kit (EEMK)

(Designed to be used by crew under the direction of a ground-based physician or medical
professionals to treat various in-flight medical concerns)

E.9

Contents equivalent to EMK

Wound equipment
Manual suction device
Thermometer
Furosemide
Glucagon
Nalbuphine
Naloxone
Promethazine HCL
Terbutaline Sulfate
Antacid Liquid
Dicyclomine HCL
Glucose Gel
Ibuprofen suspension
Diphenhydramine liquid
Loperamide
Nasal Spray
Promethazine HCL
Urinary Catheter
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST

Fire Extinguishers/Water Equipment

Wire seal between handle and bottle is intact

Fire Extinguishers/Halon Equipment

Needle in green
Pin in place and secured with seal

First Aid Kit

Seal is intact

Megaphone
Audible click when you pull trigger
Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE)
Appropriate seals and indicators are checked

Portable Oxygen
Gauge reads at least minimum pressure required by Operator

Emergency Locater Transmitter (ELT)

In place
Appendix E: Medical & Emergency Equipment

E-4

December 2001
Issue 1

Infant Life Vest

Correct number on board aircraft (if available)

Additional Equipment
Flashlights
Crash axe/pry bar
Portable oxygen bottles
Protective gloves
Smoke barriers
Smoke detectors
Lavatory waste bin automatic extinguishers

Emergency lights

Appendix E: Medical & Emergency Equipment

E-5

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Appendix E: Medical & Emergency Equipment

E-6

December 2001
Issue 1

INDEX
D
Dangerous Goods 3-15; 5-1; B-21, 38
Decompression 2-1; 3-10; 3-11; B-13, 26
Defibrillator 3-21; A-5
Descent Procedures 2-14
Desert Survival 3-4
Ditching 3-1; 3-4; 3-5; A-8, 9, 11; B-13,
14, 16, 20, 22, 25, 32, 39; D-6, 13, 17
Doors 1-2; 2-10; 2-12; 2-13; 2-15; 2-19; 35; 3-6; 3-9, 4-1; B-14; B-33; D-12, 14

A
Able Bodied Person 3-14
Air Safety Investigators A-3
Aircraft Loading Manual 1-1
Alcohol 3-15; A-6; B-7, 8 ,9, 27, 28, 33, 35
Animals
Celebrity 2-8
Pets 2-7; 2-8
Service 2-8
Wild C-5
Arrival 2-9; 2-15; 4-2; D-22, 23
Audit 5-5; 5-6
Australian Transport Safety Bureau 5-1

E
Electronic Devices 2-3; 2-10; 2-12; 2-13;
2-14; 2-15; B-15, 19, 48
Emergency v, 1, 4, 6, 2, 5, 14, 17, 18, 22,
25,
Checklist 3-1; B-16
Equipment 1-2; 2-1; 2-6; 3-5; A-3, 5, 7,
8; B-14, 15, 22, 25; D-7, 9, 16; E-4
Emergency Floatation Equipment
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) 3-6;
A-5; B-25; B-39
Escorts 2-3; B-7, 27
During Boarding 2-8; 2-9
Evacuation 1-2; 2-4; 2-12; 3-1; 3-2; 3-3; 34; 3-5; 3-14; 5-1; A-3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10; B-12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 28, 30,
31, 32, 40, 52
Evacuating Smoke From The Cabin 3-8
Exit Row Seating 2-3; 2-4

B
Bomb 3-12; 4-2; 4-3
Brace Position 3-2; 3-3; 3-5; A-7, 10; B36; D-3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 17
Braille Briefing Booklets 2-4

C
Cabin Baggage 1-2; 2-3; 2-5; 2-6; 2-7; 212; 2-15; 3-15; 4-12; A-4, 6, 7, 10
Cabin Crew Safety Procedures Manual 1-1
Cabin Light 2-12; 2-13
Cabin Security Check 2-1
Captain 1-3 {see also: PIC}
Carry On Baggage B-10
Checklist B-9; B-23; B-38
Audit 5-6
Ditching 3-4; 3-5
Emergency 3-1; B-16
Examples of Appendix D
Child Restraint Device 2-3; 2-6; B-11
Confidential Aviation Incident Reporting51
Crash Axe 3-9; A-5; E-5
Crew Incapacitation 3-14; 5-1
Customer Service Representative 2-9

Index

F
Fire 1-2; 2-19; 3-3; 3-4; 3-6; 3-15; 4-3; 5-1;
A-3, 4, 7, 9, 11; B-8, 9, 10, 18, 23, 27, 32,
45; C-3, 4, 5, 6; D-6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 17
Classification of 3-7
Electrical 3-7
Elements of 3-6
Extinguisher 1-2; A-5; B-18, 19, 41; E-4
Fighting a 3-7; 3-8; A-8; B-53
Galley 3-9
1

December 2001
Issue 1

INDEX
Medical Procedures 3-16; 3-17; 3-18; 3-19;
3-20; 3-21
Multiple Occupancy Of Seats 2-4

in Lavatory 2-13; 3-9; B-22

Metal 3-17
Prevention 3-16, B-18, 29, 26, 31, 33, 41
Seat 3-9
Triangle 3-6
First Aid Kit B-19; E-3
Fuelling With Pax On Board 2-18
Fumes 3-8; 3-15; A-9, 11

O
Overhead Bins 2-2; 2-12; 3-9; 3-12; 4-1;
A-4; B-46
Oxygen Bottles 3-11; A-5; E-5

G
P

Galley 2-12; 2-13; 2-14; 2-15; 2-17; 2-18;

3-6; 3-9; 4-1; 4-2; 5-2; A-3, 4, 6; B-9, 11;
20, 23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 43; D-5, 14

Passenger Boarding 2-1; 2-3; B-7

Passenger Rage 3-12
Passengers With:
Disabilities 2-1; 2-3
Special Needs 2-1; 2-2; A-6; A-7; B-36;
D-3
Protective Breathing Equipment 1-2; 3-8;
A-5; B-18, 23, 26, 27, 28, 48; E-4
Photography 2-14
Pre-Boarding 1-2; 2-1; 2-2; 4-1
Preflight Procedures 2-1

H
Hazard Reporting 5-1
Hazardous Materials 3-15; B-21, 38
Hazmat {See Hazardous Materials}
Hijacking 3-12; 3-13; 3-14; B-21, 50

I
R

Infants 2-2; 2-12; 2-15; 2-17; 3-2; A-3, 9,

10; B-43; D-20
Initial Climb/Cruise Responsibilities 2-13
International Stop Sign D-6, 8
Internet Links/References B-3, 4, 5, 6
ISASI A-3; B-6

Ramp Escorting Procedures 2-8

Ramp Operations Manual 1-1
Re-Qualification 5-4

S
L

Sabotage 3-10; 5-1; B-50

Safety Demonstration 2-10; 2-13
Safety Manual 3-1
Seat Backs 2-4; 2-10; 2-12; B-16, 29
Seat Cushions 2-8; 3-5; B-20, 29, 41, 47;
D-17
Seat Duplication 2-5
Security 1-1; 2-1; 2-2; 2-8; 2-16; 4-1; 5-2;
A-7; B-11, 20, 21, 27, 29, 32, 33
Security Manual 1-1
Silent Review 2-12; 2-15; 3-1; B-51

Lavatory 2-6; 3-6; 3-9; 5-1; A-5; B-22, 30,

41, 45; C-5; D-5, 14; E-5
Life Vests 3-5; B-23, 47; D-13, 17
Liquid Fire 3-7

M
Maintenance 1-1; 5-2; A-6, 10; B-15, 24,
45; D-20
Medical Kit 3-21; A-5; B-19, 24; E-3, 4

Index

December 2001
Issue 1

INDEX
Slide 1-2; 3-5; A-5, 7, 9, 11, 12; B-8, 13,
14, 16, 17, 24, 30, 31, 32, 40, 47; D-3, 5,
6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18
Smoke Barrier E-5
Smoke Detector 3-8; 5-1; A-5; B-51; E-5
Smoke Evacuation 3-8
Smoking 2-10; 2-14; 2-15; 2-18; 3-8; 3-11;
B-11, 22, 27, 30, 46, 551; D-5, 14
Special Circumstances D-10
State Health and Safety regulations 1-2
Station Operations Manual 1-1
Stretcher Patients 2-5

W
Wake Turbulence 5-1
Boarding Announcement 2-9

T
Takeoff 2-10; B-16, 20, 26, 29, 30
Training
& Qualification 5-3
Annual 5-4
In Interview A-8
Initial 5-4
Records 5-5; A-3
Recurrent 5-4
Regulations Pertaining to Appendix B
Requirements 5-5; B-8
Tray Tables 2-2; 2-10; 2-15; 3-19; D-3
Turbulence 1-2; 2-16; 2-17; 2-18; 5-1; A-3,
8, 9; B-29, 32, 36, 53
Anticipated 2-17
Unanticipated 2-17
Intensity Criteria D-19, 20, 21

U
Unaccompanied Minors 2-1; 2-2; 2-3; D-5,
14
Underseat Stowages 2-6
Unruly Passengers 1-2; 3-12

V
Vandalism 5-1

Index

December 2001
Issue 1

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