Professor: Chad Moltane (Liscence Professional Counceling)

915-248-7814
*Recommended Book: DSM-5 Made Easy / The Clinicians
Guide To Diagnosis by James Morrison
Desk Reference To The Diagnostic Criteria From DSM-5
BioPsychoSocial

Webster University: Bachelors for Psychology

Acapella University Online: studying for his PHD.
Week 1 Lecture:

Medicinal Drugs/Medication can produce 3 outcomes:

Progress
Regress
Plato
Sensory integration

Centric Fusion (Head Pressure) for Sped Kids (Autistic)

1 in 10 sperm is defected & that could be one form austism is

introduced.
Most autistic children are firstborn.
Admission review division committee (ARD)
When we desensitize the rest of the population, we learn much
more about the persons learning disability & how to better help the
person.
SLU (Structured Learning Unit) Teaches Social Skills.

Its always good to empower the parents. They are the first
teachers!
Many times, as parents, we might have to educate ourselves.
Together we can better shape students life.

People with Anxiety Disorders:

Desensitize their stress.

When conducting Case Studies:

Utilize Culture Flex. Be myself. Be Trustworthy.

QUIZ UNIT 1
For the first half of the twentieth century, the cause of
schizophrenia was thought to be:
inappropriate parenting.

Clinical practitioners seek a(n) ______ understanding of

abnormal behavior.
idiographic

A federal parity law, requiring insurance companies to provide

equal coverage for mental and medical problems, was enacted in the
United States of America in:
2011
Correlation studies of many pairs of twins have suggested a link
between ___________ factors and certain psychological disorders.
genetic

Judgments of abnormality depend on _______________ as well

as on cultural norms.

specific circumstances

Studies that reveal the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in

a particular population are known as:
epidemiological studies.

A(n) ________ experiment is most likely to use animals as

subjects in order to learn more about human beings.
analogue

Roman is a loner. He lives in a cabin in the woods with no

running water or electricity. While he manages to survive this way,
living so far from the closest city makes it very hard for him to get and
keep gainful employment. He is often unhappy with his situation, yet
feels that he can do nothing to change it and has lived this way for
years. Roman's behavior may be considered all but which of the
following?
dangerous

When the findings of research can be generalized to people

beyond the immediate study, the investigation is said to have:
external validity.

If there is less than a five percent probability that a study's

findings are due to chance, the findings are said to be:
statistically significant.

Week 2 Lecture:
Lecture Notes:

Unit 2: Mastery Quiz

1. Which of the following is true about the term "nervous
breakdown"?
It is not a recognized clinical term, but is used by
laypersons.
2. The specific details and background of a client's problem is
called ____________ data, while established information about the
nature and treatment of a particular illness is ____________ data.
idiographic; nomothetic
3. Cybertherapy raises concerns about all of the following
except:
legal obligations to pay for services.
4. According to Freud, the _______ is the psychological force
that represents a person's conscience.
superego

5. The three important criteria for assessments are:

standardization, reliability, and validity
6. Which of the following psychological difficulties is reported
most often by those in the American Indian population?
"constant restlessness"
7. After years of preliminary work, a DSM-5 task force and
various work groups were formed in:
2006
8. ____________, an illness once common to Algonquin Indian
hunters, was marked by the belief in a supernatural monster that ate
human beings and had the power to bewitch them and turn them into
cannibals.
Windigo
9. ___________ theorists believe that people are motivated
mainly by a need to have relationships with others and that severe
problems in the relationships between children and their caregivers
may lead to abnormal development.
Object relations
10. Which contemporary psychodynamic approach holds that
therapists are key figures in the lives of patients?figures whose
reactions and beliefs should be included in the therapy?
relational psychoanalytic therapy

WEEK 2 Lecture

The disorder that I am going to write about is Autism Spectrum

Disorder for my research paper.
Types of AU or ASD disorders:
Classic
savons (can talk until 3years old & then turn non-verbal)
aspergers

Learn more about the DSM-4 & DSM-5

Hypnotism
House of behaviors: Ivan
Condition stimulus:
Condition Response:
Edward Thorn
Freud (psychodynamic)
Skinner (Cognitive)
Defense mechanisms: Ego & Super Ego
Insane assylums
Psychodynamic theory
Psycho meds
PTS
Regress & progress are no good effect at all.

Third is get well.

Paratives

its good to find best practice.

Its good to write like professional practitioners to start getting
better & more accustomed to the field.

Unit 3 Quiz
1. Symptoms after a traumatic event that last for _________
may be diagnosed as acute stress disorder.
Less than one month

2. The most widely applied method of biofeedback for the

treatment of anxiety disorders is the:
EMG

3. What type of psychotherapist would tell a patient being

treated for a cleaning compulsion to resist the urge to mop his
bathroom floor for a week?
behavioral

4. Most clinicians believe that veterans with posttraumatic stress

disorder cannot fully recover until what happens?
They come to grips with their combat experience and the
impact that those experiences continue to have.

5. The cognitive perspective of panic disorder suggests that its

sufferers:
may be overly sensitive to bodily sensation and
misinterpret them

6. The state of stress has two components:

stressor and stress response

7. In ___________'s technique of rational-emotive therapy,

practitioners point out the irrational assumptions held by clients, and
suggest more appropriate assumptions.
Albert Ellis

8. Some studies indicate that __________ treatment is the

single most helpful intervention for persons with stress disorders,
irrespective of the precipitating trauma.

exposure

9. What percent of Americans suffer from an anxiety disorder

each year?
18%

10. Which neurotransmitter system may be irregular in people

suffering from panic disorder?
norepinephrine

Common forms of immediate stress seen in cases of suicide are

the loss of
a loved one through death, divorce, or rejection (Roskar et al.,
2011); loss of a job
(Milner el al., 2014; Kuroki, 2010); significant financial loss
(Houle & Light, 2014);
and stress caused by hurricanes or other natural disasters, even
among very young
children. Comer, Ronald J. (2015-02-13). Abnormal Psychology
(Page 290). Worth Publishers. Kindle Edition.

Week 3 Lecture Notes.

Fear The central nervous systems
physiological and emotional response to a
serious threat to ones well-being.
Anxiety: The central nervous systems
physiological and emotional response to a
vague sense of threat or danger.
Generalized anxiety disorder: A disorder marked by
persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous
events and activities.

Anxiety Disorders can be desensitized by utilizing motivation

techniques, preparation techniques, breathing techniques.
Social phobias, phobia related from depression, stressful
situations creates anxiety disorders or panic attacks.
Acute Stress Disorders: (only last for one month).
Etiology: (what is causing people to get more stressed).
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders.

Paradoxical Teaching
Separation Anxiety.

Case
Case
Case
Case

Groups
Groups 1
study #1--"Panic Disorder" DONE.
Group 2
study #2--"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder"
Group 3 and 4
study #3--"Hoarding Disorder"
Group 5
study #4--"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder"

Look up & start practicing coding references. Learn how other

people code disorders.

UNIT 4: MASTERY QUIZ

1. Which theorist is credited with formulating the concept of the

cognitive triad?
Aaron Beck
2. One of the most effective treatments for seasonal affective
disorder (SAD) is:
light therapy
3. Which method of killing oneself is used in nearly two-thirds of
male suicides?
Guns
4. Which group of Americans has the highest overall rate of
suicide?
American Indians
5. A less disabling form of unipolar depression is known as:
dysthymic disorder
6. Which mental disorder(s) are not mentioned as being linked
strongly to suicide?
Personality disorders
7. A pattern of depression found among young children caused
by separation from their mothers is known as:
anaclitic depression

8. A pilot who sacrifices his life in a fighter-plane skirmish would

be categorized as an example of _________ suicide.
altruistic
9. According to the DSM-5, a major depressive episode is a
period marked by at least _____ symptoms of depression and lasting
for ____ weeks or more.
Five, two
10. Suicide committed by people over whom society has little or
no control is known as _______ suicide.
Egoistic

The hormone that may indirectly play a role in depression is:

melatonin.
According to Freud, what are the forces that lead a person to
attempt or commit suicide?
A real or symbolic loss leads to a defense mechanism
called introjection, and this in turn leads to suicide as an
extreme expression of internalized anger and self-hatred.
Which mental disorder(s) are not mentioned as being linked
strongly to suicide?
personality disorders
A seriously ill person whose consistent mismanagement of
medication led to his or her death would probably be considered a
victim of:
subintentional death
One study found that the risk of experiencing another manic
episode in the future is about ______ times greater if a patient stops
taking lithium.
28

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a _________ approach to

treating unipolar depression.
family-social
As many as 30 percent of depressed patients who use these two
treatment modalities, as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy, are
likely to relapse after cessation of symptoms.
cognitive and interpersonal
A less disabling form of unipolar depression is known as:
dysthymic disorder.
In the United States, which group is most likely to commit
suicide?
white American males over the age of 65
How effective is psychotherapy alone as a treatment for bipolar
disorder?
rarely effective

The form of bipolar disorder characterized by episodes of

hypomania alternating with major depressive episodes is:
bipolar II disorder.
The hormone that may indirectly play a role in depression is:
melatonin
Which perspective believes that suicide is the result of anger
directed at one's self?

psychodynamic
Among the top ten causes of death in the United States, suicide
ranks:
tenth
Compared to other psychological disorders, unipolar depression
is considered:
among the most successfully treated of all psychological
disorders.
_______________ examine the relatives of people with unipolar
depression to see whether the disorder affects other family members.
Family pedigree
Viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or terms is known
as:
dichotomous thinking.
One theory about the mechanism of lithium in reducing the
symptoms of bipolar disorder suggests that it changes ____________
ion activity in neurons.
potassium and sodium
Among the biological treatments for depression, antidepressant
drugs and __________ appear to be equally effective.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
According to Peter Lewinsohn, which type of rewards are
particularly important in the downward spiral of depression?
social rewards

Maladaptive thoughts about all but which of the following make

up the cognitive triad?
the past
Which is a correct statement about treatment for bipolar
disorder?
Both (b) and (c) are correct statements.
(Psychotherapy alone is rarely helpful & Lithium therapy
alone is not always sufficient)
A seriously ill person whose consistent mismanagement of
medication led to his or her death would probably be considered a
victim of:
subintentional death.
Long-term psychodynamic therapy is _________ helpful in
treating unipolar depression.
occasionally
What time after incarceration are inmates at the highest risk for
suicide?
within 2 to 14 days
Which of the following did the FDA not require direct-toconsumer advertisements to contain in the 1997 changes to television
advertisements of antidepressant medications?
the price-per-dose of the drug
People who suffer from symptoms of premenstrual syndrome
and menopause may benefit from which nutraceutical?
black cohosh
An individual who clearly intends to end their life at the time
they attempt suicide (and fails to do so), only to experience confusion
in the very next hour or day might be classified as a:
death seeker.

The Food and Drug Administration made direct-to-consumer

drug advertisements legal by lifting its ban on such drug ads in:
1985
_______ times as many women attempt suicide as men, yet
men succeed at more than ______ times the rate of women.
Three; four
Suicide committed by people over whom society has little or no
control is known as _______ suicide.
egoistic
Which of the following would not be one of the expectations of a
psychodynamic therapist working with a depressed client?
That the client will learn to shed all of their unconscious
defense mechanisms.
Low ________ activity accompanied by high _________ activity
may lead to mania.
serotonin; norepinephrine
Patients who suffer from double depression have which of the
following patterns of symptoms?
They suffer from dysthymic disorder, and this leads to a
diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
What is the most commonly seen relationship between the
frequency of depressive and manic episodes in a person with bipolar
disorder?
The depressive episodes occur three times as often as the
manic episodes.
___________ is credited with developing the learned
helplessness theory of depression.
Martin Seligman

What percent of depression patients improve after ECT.

treatment?
6080 percent
The category of major depressive disorder in which the person
experiences excessive activity or immobility is:
catatonic.
One explanation for lithium's effectiveness is that it acts directly
on the brain's:
second messenger system
Which form of depression treatment is LESS effective than the
others in treating unipolar depression?
psychodynamic
Most second-generation antidepressants are:
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
Which age group is most likely to leave a suicide note indicating
such problems as illness, hopelessness, disability, and loneliness as the
reason for suicide?
people over the age of 60

___________ is the perception that one has no control over the

reinforcements in their lives.
Learned helplessness

Unit 4: MIDTERM
MAO inhibitors block the destruction of which neurotransmitter?
norepinephrine
Research suggests that behavioral therapy is of less help to
people who suffer which kind of depression?
severe

Roman is a loner. He lives in a cabin in the woods with no

running water or electricity. While he manages to survive this way,
living so far from the closest city makes it very hard for him to get and
keep gainful employment. He is often unhappy with his situation, yet
feels that he can do nothing to change it and has lived this way for
years. Roman's behavior may be considered all but which of the
following?
dangerous
A study of a single person that is used to explain the underlying
causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with
the ______ approach.
idiographic
A person who copes well with a happy event in life is showing a
positive:
stress response
Fear differs from anxiety in that:
fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general
The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity
with one's spouse would be considered a(n) ______ symptom
motivational
The model or paradigm an investigator uses influences:
the questions and observations the investigator uses
Which German physician was the first to specialize in mental
illness and is now considered the founder of the modern study of
psychopathology?
Johann Weyer
Most informed consent forms for clinical research are written at
a(n) ____________ level.
advanced college

Leila always feels threatened and anxiousimagining something

awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her
family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably
experiencing:
a generalized anxiety disorder.
___________ therapy suggests that people have two options
with their livesto face up to our own "being" and to give meanings to
our lives or to shrink and hide from that responsibility.
Existential
The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are
the:
anxiety disorders.
Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and
race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents
the ______ perspective.
sociocultural
About how many suicides are attempted annually in the United
States?
600,000
A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. Clients write
stories about their problems, then two different judges independently
evaluate the stories in terms of how logically they are written. For this
assessment technique to be useful, there must be:
high interrater reliability
The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society
make up that society's:
culture
A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which
individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:
mania

If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting,

assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should
look into becoming a clinical:
practitioner
People with one anxiety disorder are MOST likely to:
experience another anxiety disorder, too.
The cognitive triad, proposed by Aaron Beck, includes negative
views of all but which of the following?
one's past
If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then
suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over
real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using:
psychodynamic therapy.
Which of the following is an example of an aspect of
psychodynamic therapy for depression?
A therapist questions a client about losses she may have
suffered in her past.
Clinical researchers are usually concerned with a(n) ______
understanding of abnormality, while practitioners focus on a(n) ______
understanding.
nomothetic, idiographic
What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in
common with dissociative disorders?
They are triggered by traumatic events.
About how many suicides are committed annually in the United
States?
36,000

_________ levels seem to have a role in suicide separate from

depression.
Low serotonin
If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a
significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was:
exhibiting a typical reaction
A federal parity law, requiring insurance companies to provide
equal coverage for mental and medical problems, was enacted in the
United States of America in:
2011
In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are
known as:
paradigms
Which is not mentioned as a long-term stressor that commonly
precipitates suicide?
alcoholism
A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to
speak in class is experiencing a(n) ______ response to stress.
physical
About what percentage of clients with unipolar depression
receive treatment from a mental health professional each year?
50 percent
Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream
interpretation are all techniques used primarily by:
psychodynamic therapists.

In the face of fear, a person is unable to concentrate and

develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which of
the following fear responses?
cognitive
The ____________ assigns numerical values to stresses that
most people experience at some time in their lives.
Social Adjustment Rating Scale
The most common pattern of mood disorder is:
unipolar depression
The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being
the key to behavior is the:
biological model.
If a person experiences ____ or more episodes of shifting
between mania and depression within a one-year period, their disorder
would be classified as rapid cycling.
4
A therapist using free association and dream interpretation
discovers that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her
mother on several occasions, and concludes that the patient is
experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from
which orientation?
psychodynamic
One of the main differences between group therapy and a selfhelp group is the presence in group therapy of:
a professional therapist.
The ___________ perspective views the chief causes of
abnormal functioning as psychological.
psychogenic

Depressed people sometimes experience a steady train of

unpleasant thoughts that suggest to them that they are inadequate
and that their situation is helpless. These are known as:
automatic thoughts.
The main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist is:
a psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can provide
therapy; a psychologist is NOT a medical doctor but can provide
therapy.
Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:
standardization
Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade
Center when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and
had visions of the building falling on him. Ever since the bombing he
has had periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of a:
posttraumatic stress disorder.
There is evidence that __________ is especially helpful in
depression brought on by social conflicts or changes in careers or
social roles.
interpersonal psychotherapy
The "four Ds" of abnormality are:
deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
In ____________ studies, patients are given an experimental
drug to see if it reduces their symptoms.
new drug
Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?
obsessive-compulsive disorder

According to DSM-5 one must demonstrate which of the

following set of symptoms in order to be diagnosed with General
Anxiety Disorder?
excessive worry for three months, restlessness, behavior
changes, distress
The job of ______________ is to gather information
systematically so that they may describe, predict, and explain the
phenomena they study.
clinical scientists
The area of psychology concerned with the study and
enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities is:
positive psychology.
It is common that the majority of people who commit suicidal
acts also have another psychological disorder. Which would be the
MOST common disorder associated with suicidal attempts?
mood disorders
Compared to heart disease and cancer, suicide accounts for
_____ in the United States.
less than a tenth of the deaths
If a new test for anxiety is normed on individuals who are
waiting to take introductory psychology final exams, the new test is
surely lacking:
adequate standardization.
The part of the body that releases hormones into the
bloodstream is the ______ system.
endocrine
The model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the:
cognitive model.

____________ is the single most effective therapy for

schizophrenia.
Drug therapy
Hippocrates believed that abnormal behavior was caused by:
imbalance in bodily fluids.
A friend of yours diagnosed with unipolar depression says, This
can't be that bad. Maybe my creativity will increase. Of the following
alternatives, your MOST accurate reply is:
You should get some therapy; there's nothing positive
about depression.
Durkheim predicted that societies with greater opportunities for
change in individual wealth or status would have higher suicide rates
as a result of increased:
anomie
The clinical practitioner would be MORE likely than the clinical
researcher to rely on which method of investigation?
case study with a single participant
One of the assumptions of a functional analysis is that:
abnormal behaviors are learned
An important difference between mood disorders and normal
mood fluctuation is:
the severity and duration of the problem
Experimenters can determine ______ significance, but only
individuals and their clinicians can evaluate __________ significance.
statistical; clinical

Suicide prevention programs and hotlines focus on:

crisis intervention
About how many deaths occur by suicide each year around the
world?
1,000,000
The process of evaluating a person's progress after being in
treatment is called a:
clinical assessment.
The hypothalamus activates which two bodily systems?
autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
What is a parasuicide?
a failed attempt to commit suicide
Which of the following would be MOSTLY a motivational symptom
of depression?
lack of desire to eat
About what percentage of people in the United States will qualify
for a DSM diagnosis at some point in their lives?
50%
The best evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic
approach comes from:
case study reports.

Which of the following symptom pairs denotes a diagnosis of

bipolar I disorder?
mania and depression
According to Edwin Shneidman, members of the Heaven's Gate
cult who committed suicide were:
death ignorers.
Considering data from several countries around the world, which
of the following is the MOST accurate statement about the percentages
of adults in each country who suffer from mood disorders each year?
The percentages are over twice as high in some countries
as they are in others.
One who systematically gathers information in order to describe,
predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:
scientist
That 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop in
their hosts' medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that:
statistical deviance is not the same thing as abnormality.
Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It
seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an
example of a(n):
panic disorder.
A case study of a patient includes a history, tests, and interviews
with associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so her
behavior is understood. This approach is:
idiographic
Structural abnormalities have been noted in all but which of the
following brain parts of people suffering from bipolar disorder?
the reticular inhibition system

Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy

in treating unipolar depression is MOST accurate?
Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those
with unipolar depression.
________is a disorder found in Malaya, the Philippines, Java,
and some parts of Africa; it is thought to be caused by stress.
Amok
Animal rights surveys suggest that people tend to approve of
experiments that use:
rats and mice.
Intelligence tests can play a key role in the diagnosis of:
intellectual developmental disorder.
Estimates of the number of suicides that occur in the United
States probably underrepresent the total because of all of the following
EXCEPT:
Parasuicides are often included in the number of suicides.
A student who dreads being called on in class, and in fact panics
at the thought of public speaking, is experiencing a(n) ______
response to stress.
emotional
The major focus of a clinical practitioner when dealing with a
new client is to gather what type of information?
idiographic
Which of the following countries has the highest suicide rate, at
about 31.5 out of every 100,000 members of their population?
Lithuania

Congress passed the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in:

1938
In a ______ design, research subjects are unaware as to
whether they are assigned to the experimental group or the control
group.
blind
When graduate schools choose students based on test scores,
college grades, and relevant experience, they are engaging in:
assessment
Variations in the types of situations that people find threatening
are referred to as _____ anxiety.
state
In the middle ages in Europe, people who suffered the bite of a
"wolf spider" believed that the only way to rid themselves of the
resulting symptoms was to do a dance called a:
tarantella
A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the
behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal
psychology is called:
idiographic
Unlike unipolar depression, bipolar disorders appear to be best
explained by focusing largely on:
biological factors.
One of the most prominent forerunners to the modern
community mental health program was at Gheel, which was located in:
Belgium

Sylvia shot herself by placing the gun barrel in her mouth, in the
middle of a dense wood, where she knew she wouldn't be heard or
found. Sylvia is an example of what Edwin Shneidman refers to as a:
death seeker.
Psychotropic medications were developed in the ________, and
since then have greatly changed the outlook for a number of mental
disorders. Today they are used widely, either alone or with other forms
of psychotherapy.
1950s

Mastery QUIZ 5
When a physical ailment has no apparent medical cause, doctors
may suspect a _________ disorder.
somatic symptom disorder
People who suffer from ____________ unrealistically interpret
bodily symptoms as signs of a serious illness.
Illness anxiety disorder
Individuals with preoccupation somatic symptom disorder
typically receive the kinds of treatment that are applied to a(n)
________ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
Which of the following procedures is an effective treatment for
premature ejaculation?

the stop-start procedure

In a technique called ____________, patients with hypoactive
sexual desire visualize sexual scenes in order to uncover feelings of
anxiety, vulnerability, and other negative emotions they may have
concerning sex.
affectual awareness
Some theorists conclude that dissociative disorders may be a
form of __________, in which people hypnotize themselves to try to
forget unpleasant events.
self-hypnosis
Men with _____________persistently lack or have reduced
interest in sex and, in turn, display little sexual activity
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
The belief that people with voyeurism are seeking to gain power
over others by their actions is a ________ perspective.
psychodynamic
Modern sex therapy usually lasts ______ sessions.
1520
A person with ___________ experiences severe pain in the
genitals during sexual activity.
dyspareunia

UNIT 6 QUIZ
Which marital status is associated with higher rates of
schizophrenia?
divorced or separated

___________ are the most common formal thought disorders

experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia.
Loose associations

___________ delusions are the most common type of delusions

in schizophrenia.
Persecution

Most people with schizophrenia who live in poorly supervised or

unsupervised settings survive on:
government disability payments.

The ______________ requires that people with mental disorders

receive treatment in their communities rather than being transported
to institutions far from home.
Community Mental Health Act

Which is not an extrapyramidal effect of using antipsychotic

medications to treat schizophrenia?
Huntington's-type symptoms

In the famous study by Rosenhan in 1973, eight normal people

presented themselves at various mental hospitals complaining that
they had been hearing voices utter all but which of the following
words?
snap

The milieu therapy approach to treating schizophrenia is based

on ___________ principles.
humanistic

The __________ theory suggests that schizophrenia causes its

victims to fall from a higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to
remain poor because they are unable to function effectively.
downward drift

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of schizophrenia

in men and women?
Equal numbers of men and women receive a diagnosis of
schizophrenia.

Conventional antipsychotic drugs are referred to as

_____________ drugs because of their undesirable movement-related
side effects.

neuroleptic

Researchers have found more blood flow in ___________ area of

the brain, in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations.
Broca's

The group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of

effective antipsychotic medications was called:
phenothiazines

Antipsychotic drugs reduce psychotic symptoms, at least in part,

because they block excessive activity of neurotransmitters at the
brain's __________ receptors.
dopamine D-2

Which is not mentioned as being a useful form of psychotherapy

for people suffering from schizophrenia?
cognitive-behavioral therapy

Posthospitalization follow-up care and treatment in the

community is known as:
aftercare
The discovery of ___________ revolutionized treatment for
schizophrenia.
antipsychotic drugs

Many people who are recovering from schizophrenia and other

severe mental disorders receive occupational training in a(n)
__________ workshop, which is a supervised workplace for individuals
who are not ready to work independently in competitive or complicated
jobs.
sheltered

The famous clinical theorist ___________ argued that

schizophrenia is actually a constructive process in which people try to
cure themselves of the confusion and unhappiness caused by their
social environments.
R. D. Laing

The ___________ phase of schizophrenia involves a lessening of

the active phase.
residual

The __________ theory suggests that schizophrenia causes its

victims to fall from a higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to
remain poor because they are unable to function effectively.
downward drift

People with ___________ type of schizophrenia have an

organized system of delusions and auditory hallucinations that may
guide their lives.
paranoid

Which is not an extrapyramidal effect of using antipsychotic

medications to treat schizophrenia?

Huntington's-type symptoms

In most cases, antipsychotic drugs produce the maximum level

of improvement within the first _____ of treatment.
six months

The group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of

effective antipsychotic medications was called:
phenothiazines
Circumstantial evidence for the ____________ theory comes
from the unusually large number of people with schizophrenia born
during the winter.
viral

Token economy programs relied on the systematic application of

__________ techniques.
operant conditioning

The discovery of ___________ revolutionized treatment for

schizophrenia.
antipsychotic drugs
___________ are perceptions that occur in the absence of
external stimuli.
Hallucinations

Studies have found that if one identical twin experiences

schizophrenia, the other twin has a _______ chance of also
experiencing the disorder.
48 percent

Final Questions

Which facet of exper

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Which facet of experimental research is missing in a quasiexperimental design?
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A medication-_______
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A medication-________ study may be used to determine how
and when patients can be taken off particular medications.
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percent of responden
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____ percent of respondents polled said that they can "accept"
animal research as long as it is conducted for medical purposes.

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& drop reordering. Press Enter or Space to move this question.
If a study found tha
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If a study found that there was a perfect correlation between two
variables, which of the following numbers would describe that
relationship?
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When an unusual prob
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When an unusual problem does not occur often enough to permit
a large number of observations, it might be studied using a(n):
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Before the 1950s, ps
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Before the 1950s, psychotherapy was offered only by:
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is generally defined
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___________ is generally defined as a procedure designed to
change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior.
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In the middle ages i
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In the middle ages in Europe, people who suffered the bite of a
"wolf spider" believed that the only way to rid themselves of the
resulting symptoms was to do a dance called a:

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Which German physici
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Which German physician was the first to specialize in mental
illness and is now considered the founder of the modern study of
psychopathology?
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The main difference
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The main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist is:
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When a 3-year-old bo
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When a 3-year-old boy climbed over a barrier at the Brookfield
Zoo in Illinois in 1996 and fell into a gorilla compound, clinical theorists
had a field day interpreting which of the events that took place after
the boy fell?
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According to Aaron B
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According to Aaron Beck's cognitive theory, one illogical thought
process regularly found in depression is __________, the drawing of
broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
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According to the ___
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According to the __________ model, human beings are driven to

self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness and
growth.
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Some research has su
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Some research has suggested that _________ has been linked
to exposure to certain viruses during childhood or before birth.
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Which of the followi
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Which of the following is not described by your text as being a
part of the cerebrum?
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A psychiatrist who p
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A psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medication is called a:
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Which of the followi 2
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Which of the following is not a question usually asked in a
therapy outcome study?
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About how many diffe

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About how many different forms of therapy are practiced in the
clinical field?
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A _____________ test
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A _____________ test is one that has been set up with common
steps to be followed whenever it is administered.
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The ____________ req
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The ____________ requires a subject to look at one inkblot card
at a time and tell what they see in the image.
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In which kind of stu
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In which kind of study would a researcher determine how many
and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same
disorder?
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A fear hierarchy is:
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A fear hierarchy is:
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In which of the foll

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In which of the following behavioral techniques is the exposure
vicarious?
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What suggestion is s
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What suggestion is shared by both the metacognitive theory and
the avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder?
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Social anxiety disor
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Social anxiety disorder can be broken down into which of the
following qualifiers?
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Dread and horror are
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Dread and horror are part of the ______ responses to stress.
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When stimulated by a
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When stimulated by antigens, ___________ spring into action to
help the body overcome foreign invaders.

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The neurotransmitter
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The neurotransmitter(s) associated with the fight-or-flight
response is
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Donald is a very com
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Donald is a very competitive individual. He is always in a hurry,
does not ever stop to just enjoy what he has earned, and frequently
seems to have too much to do and too little time in which to do it.
Donald might be described as having a _____________ personality.
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When people are conf
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When people are confronted with stressors, the hypothalamus
signals the ________ gland to release the adrenocorticotropic
hormone.
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Today's leading expl
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Today's leading explanations for hysterical somatic symptom
disorders come from the:
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People who suffer fr
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People who suffer from dissociative fugue most often lose their
_________ memories, but retain their _________ memories.

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One study found diff
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One study found differences in __________ in the brains of
different subpersonalities in people with multiple personality disorders.
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Which of the followi 3
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Which of the following practices suggest cultural influences in
dysmorphophobia?
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An extreme and long-term form of factitious disorder is:
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According to recent
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According to recent studies, which of the following is an accurate
statement about the effect of placebos?
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Sodium amobarbital a
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Sodium amobarbital and sodium pentobarbital are often referred

to as:
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Chris Sizemore is th
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Chris Sizemore is the individual who was the subject of the
famous book and movie __________ which catalogued a struggle with
dissociative identity disorder.
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In case of _________
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In case of __________ amnesia, a patient loses all memory of
events that took place within a limited period of time, almost always
beginning with some disturbing occurrence.
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Some ___________ the
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Some ___________ theorists propose that hysterical disorders
are forms of communication, providing a means for people to express
emotions that would otherwise be difficult to convey.
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Freud proposed the c
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Freud proposed the concept of _______, in which other kinds of
events are equated with loss of a loved one.
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Which does not descr

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Which does not describe a person experiencing mania?
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Some theorists belie
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Some theorists believe that improper transport of ________ may
cause neurons to fire too easily, resulting in mania.
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Identical twins of p
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Identical twins of persons with a bipolar disorder have a _____
percent chance of developing bipolar disorder.
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Research has found a
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Research has found a link between ____________ and creative
thinking and greater productivity. This was demonstrated by your
author in the discussion of composer Robert Schumann.
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Despite common mispe
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Despite common misperception that depression is an incurable
illness, research suggests that ____% of people recover within a year,
some without treatment.
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When a person experi

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When a person experiences numerous periods of hypomanic
symptoms and mild depressive symptoms, DSM-5 assigns a diagnosis
of:
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According to the stu
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According to the study at Penn State, which of the following
statements is true?
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Which of the followi 4
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Which of the following is not a way of categorizing unipolar
depression?
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What does the most r
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What does the most recent research tell us about genetic factors
involved in the development of bipolar disorder?
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Which is not a goal
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Which is not a goal of behavioral therapy for depression?

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Which celebrity has
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Which celebrity has undergone ECT for treatment of depression?
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Which is not a probl
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Which is not a problem that interpersonal psychotherapy
attempts to address?
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ECT was first used i
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ECT was first used in the treatment of:
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Which of the followi 5
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Which of the following is used to put patients to sleep and
reduce their terror during ECT?
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Which of the followi 6
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Which of the following would be considered a useful goal of
adjunctive psychotherapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

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Which of the followi 7
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Which of the following is true for depressed patients who receive
couple therapy?
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Which of the followi 8
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Which of the following is a well-known side effect of ECT?
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A survey conducted b
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A survey conducted by the American College Health Association
in 2003 found that approximately ___ percent of students reported
feeling a level of depression that made it difficult to function.
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Of some use to those
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Of some use to those who suffer from sleeping problems, which
of the following hormones that is naturally secreted by the pineal gland
can also be taken as a supplement?
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Which of these celeb
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Which of these celebrities attempted suicide?

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In 2001, physician-a
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In 2001, physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia were
approved by law in:
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Compared to the rate
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Compared to the rate of suicide in the United States, countries
like Korea, Hungary, and Russia have:
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In a study of identi
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In a study of identical and fraternal twins, researchers found that
if one identical twin committed suicide, the other did the same in
______ percent of the twin pairs.
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Research indicates t
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Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia
more often are experiencing feelings of __________, rather than
delusions or hallucinations.
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An unsuccessful atte

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An unsuccessful attempt to kill oneself is known as:
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One strategy for stu
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One strategy for studying suicide, which is a kind of
psychological autopsy in which clinicians and researchers piece
together data from a suicide victim's past, is known as:
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Many people who atte
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Many people who attempt suicide fall victim to
_______________, viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or
terms.
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Studies indicate tha
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Studies indicate that as many as ________ percent of the people
who attempt suicide drink alcohol just before the act. Autopsies reveal
that about _______ of these people are legally intoxicated.
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Response programs th
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Response programs that are put into action to prevent a rash of
suicides after one person, particularly a high-profile individual,
commits suicide are referred to as:
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A total of ___ perce

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A total of ___ percent of people in their 60s stop having
intercourse.
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Which is not given a
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Which is not given as a factor in the origins of female arousal
and orgasmic disorders?
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Modern sex therapy:
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Modern sex therapy:
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Which theory of cond
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Which theory of conditioning has been used to help explain the
origins of sexual sadism and sexual masochism?
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Most clinicians agre
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Most clinicians agree with the ___________ explanation of the
origins of vaginismus.

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Which is a correct s
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Which is a correct statement about Viagra and/or oral
contraceptives?
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Which of the followi 9
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Which of the following has not been suggested as a possible
cause of dyspareunia?
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Some clinicians trea
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Some clinicians treat premature ejaculation with ___________
drugs as they often reduce sexual arousal or orgasm.
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The typical person w
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The typical person with transvestism is almost always:
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People with ________
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People with ___________ have repeated and intense sexual
urges or fantasies in response to objects or situations that society
deems inappropriate, and they may behave inappropriately as well.

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The DSM-5 requires t
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The DSM-5 requires that continuous signs of schizophrenia be
present for at least ________ month/s.
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Many people with sch
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Many people with schizophrenia develop ___________, ideas
that they believe wholeheartedly but that have no basis in fact.
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Which disorder is as
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Which disorder is associated with the presence of schizophrenia
symptoms that last less than one month?
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People with schizoph
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People with schizophrenia often display ___________, a
reduction in speech or speech content.
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Sigmund Freud believ
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Sigmund Freud believed that people with schizophrenia regress

to the early developmental stage of primary:
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In some cases people
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In some cases people with schizophrenia may have __________,
a general lack of pleasure or enjoyment.
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Individuals who are
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Individuals who are trying to recover from schizophrenia are
almost four times more likely to relapse if they live with a family that
has high levels of:
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hallucinations are b
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___________ hallucinations are by far the most common type in
schizophrenia.
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The psychomotor symp
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The psychomotor symptoms for schizophrenia may take certain
extreme forms, collectively called:
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Which socioeconomic

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Which socioeconomic class has the highest annual prevalence of
schizophrenia?
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Which criticism has
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Which criticism has not been made about token economy
programs in the treatment of the mentally ill?
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Today, psychosurgery
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Today, psychosurgery is used only in severe cases of:
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Which of the followi10
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Which of the following receives the least amount of federal and
state funds?
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Which symptom of sch
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Which symptom of schizophrenia is most quickly reduced by
taking antipsychotic medications?
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What do family suppo

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What do family support groups and family psychoeducational
programs have in common?
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In (a) ___________ p
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In (a) ___________ patients are rewarded when they behave
acceptably and are not rewarded when they behave unacceptably.
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The first medication
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The first medication approved for sale in the United States as an
antipsychotic was:
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is a severe, potenti
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___________ is a severe, potentially fatal reaction to
antipsychotic drugs consisting of muscle rigidity, fever, altered
consciousness, and improper functioning of the autonomic nervous
system.
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Generally speaking,
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Generally speaking, persons with schizophrenia who feel
___________ toward their relatives do better in treatment.

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How many people typi
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How many people typically reside in a halfway house?
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The cluster of anxi
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The cluster of "anxious" personality disorders includes avoidant,
dependent, and __________ personality disorders.
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Enduring and predict
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Enduring and predictable behavioral consistencies are often
called:
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Men are ________ as
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Men are ________ as likely as women to display obsessivecompulsive personality disorder.
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Personality disorder
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Personality disorders typically become recognizable in:

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Which is not a perso
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Which is not a personality tendency that would be included in the
new DSM-5 diagnosis that is called personality disorder trait specified
(PDTS), according to your chapter?
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Which of the followi11
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Which of the following is not a problem with the DSM-5
categories of personality disorders?
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Which of the followi12
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Which of the following statements is true of the relationship
between obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder and obsessivecompulsive personality disorder?
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Of the following gro
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Of the following groups of people, which receives the least trust
from society?
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The basic structure
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The basic structure of personality may consist of five

"supertraits," which do not include:
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People with ________ 2
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People with ___________ personality disorder are generally
grandiose, need much admiration, and feel no empathy with others.
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In 1999, the Supreme
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In 1999, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in
Olmstead v. L. C. that mental health patients have the right to:
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Which of the followi13
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Which of the following individuals was found not guilty by reason
of insanity?
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The ____________ tes
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The ____________ test classifies someone as not criminally
responsible if, at the time of a crime, a mental disorder or defect
prevented him or her from knowing right from wrong or from being
able to control himself or herself and follow the rule of law.
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Approximately two-th

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Approximately two-thirds of people acquitted of their crimes by
reason of insanity qualify for a diagnosis of:
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The current code of
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The current code of ethics for psychologists declares that
therapists have a duty to __________, which involves a responsibility
to break confidentiality, even without the client's consent, when it is
necessary to prevent others from coming to harm at the hands of the
client.
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According to studies
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According to studies conducted in Western countries,
___________ is/are about 5 times more common among prisoners
than among nonprisoners in the general population.
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Of the following ind
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Of the following individuals found not guilty by reason of
insanity, who did not attempt to kill a president?
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Approximately _____
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Approximately _____ percent of people with mental disorders
are in no way violent or dangerous.
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In 1992 in the case

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In 1992 in the case of Foucha v. Louisiana, the U. S. Supreme
Court clarified that the only acceptable basis for determining the
release of hospitalized offenders is whether or not they are still:
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Malpractice claims h
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Malpractice claims have been made against clinicians in response
to all but which of the following circumstances?

PART 2 of FINAL

There are 60 points possible for Final Exam--part 2. There are 4

essay questions for the final.
#125 points

#225 points
#3--5 points
#4--5 points
Keep in mind the number of points possible for each question
and develop your essay questions accordingly.
Final Exam--part 2 is to be taken in the online class during Unit
8. It can be taken any time during the Monday through Sunday period
of time. There is a 2 hour time limit for the exam and it can only be
taken once. Pleasesubmit the exam when you are finished.
Final Exam--part 1 is the multiple-choice part of the exam and is
to be taken separately--see Final Exam--part 1 under Unit 8.
PLEASE NOTE: The exam is only available for 2 hours. Please
watch the time and submit the exam before the time runs out. If you
are disconnected from the exam because the time has expired, it will
not save your answers. If you are working on the exam past that time,
you will be disconnected and your answers will not be saved.
The exam closes at midnight Central time on Sunday of
Unit 8 so plan your schedule accordingly.
Develop a solid essay that touches on the important points of
each area of the questions. Exercise critical thinking skills, make
applications of your knowledge and answer all parts of the question.
Make note of the number of points for each question and develop your
essay accordingly.

1. Answer each of the parts separately and number them.

List the criteria for the general description of Personality
Disorders.
Describe situations where knowledge of Personality Disorders
would be helpful.
Describe one of the Personality Disorders in terms of:
the diagnostic criteria,
the etiology ,
types of treatment and effectiveness of this treatment,
gender issues and
prognosis.

2. Carefully read the following case study. In all actual cases,

the client expresses a wide range of symptoms, and as a result, it can
be difficult to determine a diagnosis. The important thing is that you
carefully review all of the clinical information and provide a compelling
argument about why a particular diagnosis is appropriate. Address the
following areas in your discussion. Address each area separately and
number them.
What are the person's primary problems?
What is the person's diagnosis? Please include the name
for the diagnosis. Please describe the observations that
support the diagnosis you have given.
What treatment plan (type of therapy, medication, etc.)
would you advocate and why? Support your statements.
What is the prognosis for this person? Support your
observations.
Discuss and describe any clinical evidence that seems to
be inconsistent with your diagnosis?

Case Study:
Ned is a 21-year old junior in college who was recently hospitalized in
a psychiatric hospital as a result of an intervention by the residence
hall staff. In the 2 years preceding his hospitalization, Ned had
maintained an A average and had no problem meeting the
expectations of his academic scholarship as well as maintaining an
active social life and being a participant in campus activities. In the
several weeks prior to his being admitted to the hospital, he had not
been attending class regularly, was unable to complete assignments
due to his inability to focus, think and concentrate, was isolating
himself from his friends, was not going to meals in the cafeteria and
was sleeping for excessive periods of time. He came to the attention of
the resident assistant on his floor when Ned's roommate reported that
he had not eaten or come out of his room for 2 days. When the
resident assistant inquired about the reason for this, Ned disclosed
that he had been sleeping most of the time and no energy to go to
class, complete his school work and just wanted to be left alone.
During the intake for his hospitalization, he described his life for the
last 2 months as being a gradual decline in his ability to enjoy
activities that he once enjoyed like ice skating, going to movies and
socializing on an almost daily basis with friends. He reported that on
many occasions he was irritable and verbally abusive with his friends
and found fault in many of their ideas during their philosophical
discussions. He also reported that he had lost weight due to having no
appetite, felt worthless and hopeless most of the time and felt very
guilty that he had let all of his friends down and, as a result, began to
avoid them. At the time of his hospitalization, he was extremely fearful
that he was losing his grasp on reality. He described this as no longer
being able to determine what was real and what was unreal. Part of his
mind would tell him that his bazaar experiences were only his
imagination, but the other part of his mind would cast doubt on his
ability to accurately assess the reality of the situation. An example he
gave of an real/unreal situation was that he refused to open his eyes
when he stood before a mirror for fear that he would see the reflection
of the people he thought were standing behind him. Seeing the
reflection of "these people would only confirm that he was indeed
going crazy.
He remained hospitalized for 2 weeks and because of the treatment he
received, was able to return to school and complete the semester.

3. Discuss what you determine to presently be the most urgent

issue in the field of abnormal psychology? Answer needs to be
supported with information you have learned this term. What needs to
be done to address this problem?

4. Describe 3 significant ideas that you have learned this term.

Indicate how this information will make a difference in how you
perceive abnormal behavior and how you will apply this information.