9/18/2015

LOCATION
and
CONNECTIVITY

Site Level
Podium Structure

To enhance air circulation for dispersing heat and pollutants, thus improving comfort and air quality
of the pedestrian environment, it is critical to increase the permeability of the urban fabric at the
street levels.

Compact integrated developments and podium structures with full or large ground coverage on
extensive sites typically found in Hong Kong are particularly impeding air movement and should be
avoided where practicable. The following measures should be applied at the street level for large
development/redevelopment sites particularly in the existing urban areas:

providing setback parallel to the prevailing wind;

designating non-building areas for sub-division of large land parcels;

creating voids in facades facing wind direction; and/or

reducing site coverage of the podia to allow more open space at grade

Where appropriate, a terraced podium design should be adopted to direct downward airflow to the
pedestrian level

Building Disposition

Preferred
Site

Suitable disposition of building blocks could help effective air flows around buildings in desirable
directions.

Where practicable, adequately wide gaps should be provided between building blocks to maximise
the air permeability of the development and minimise its impact on wind capturing potential of
adjacent developments. The gaps for enhancing air permeability should be at a face
perpendicular to the prevailing wind

To minimise obstruction of airflow, the axis of the building blocks should be parallel to the
prevailing wind. To allow individual building blocks to capture more wind for better indoor natural
ventilation, the angle between the axis of the building blocks and the prevailing wind direction
should be within 30 degrees.

The arrangement of the building blocks should be staggered to enable the blocks behind to
receive the wind penetrating through the gaps between the blocks in the front row.

Where appropriate, towers should about the podium edge that faces the main pedestrian
area/street perpendicular to the wind direction so as to enable most of the downwash wind to
reach the street level

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Building Permeability

The provision for higher permeability of building masses can be achieved by creating
gaps between building blocks, between the podium and the building blocks built atop
(i.e. a void podium deck) and within building blocks at various levels

User Access- Does the site have adequate user access?

Service Access- Does the site allow for ingress/egress of service vehicles
and personnel?

Utility Access- Are the required main utility lines available at this site?

Parking- Is sufficient parking available proximate to the site or (if needed)

can it be added on or near the site?

Building Height and Form

Stepping building height concept can help optimise the wind capturing potential of
development itself

Built forms that would generate a small eddy area to allow a maximum of cooling air to
flow around and through building structures should be considered.

Landscaping

For individual development, the amount and variety of effective green open spaces
should be maximised to reduce radiation gain of buildings and associated structures, or
to serve as a "filter" for polluted air, if any.

To maximise pedestrian comfort, tall trees with wide and dense canopy should be
planted in entrance plazas and setback areas, while causing minimal wind blockage to
the pedestrian level

Criteria for a Preferred

Site

Parcel size-Is the site large enough to accommodate the proposed facility?

Demolition- Does use of this site require removal of another structure,

parking lot, etc.?

Land Use Compatibility- Does the proposed land use relate to surrounding
land uses and general land use priorities?

Architectural Compatibility- Does the proposed facility relate well to the

visual quality of surrounding facilities?

Other- As required for a specific project.

Facility expansion-Is there facility expansion space available on site?

Physical characteristics-Do the sites physical characteristics afford ease in
construction of the proposed facility?

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Program Criteria

What is biodiversity?

Program Priorities- Of all programs possibly located at this site, is the one
under consideration the highest and best use?

Program Dislocation- Will locating the proposed facility at this site dislocate
another program?

Program Relationship- Will locating the proposed facility at this site

functionally enhance the program?

Urban Impact- Will locating the proposed facility at this site have a positive or
negative impact on adjacent, existing facilities?

Species Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Aesthetics- Will this site offer characteristics desired for this program?

Ecological Diversity

Biodiversity, also known as biological diversity, is the variety of life on earth

across all of the different levels of biological organization. On a smaller scale,
biodiversity can be used to describe the variety in the genetic makeup of a
species, and on a larger scale, it can be used to describe the variety of
ecosystem types.

Types:

Types of diversity

Ecological/Biodiversity
Conservation

Species Diversity
-is defined as the
number and
abundance of
different species that
occupy a location.

Genetic Diversity
-is the amount of
variation in genetic
material within a
species or within a
population.

Ecological Diversity
-and this is the
variation in the
ecosystems found in a
region or the
variation in
ecosystems over the
whole planet.

9/18/2015

THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY

Natural causes:
Natural disasters
Low breeding rate
Low population
Narrow geographical
area

Marine Biodiversity
The Philippines holds
the third largest reef
area in the world, a
total area of 22,500
sq. km., representing
9% of the total coral
reef area globally. To
date, 464 species of
hard corals, 1,770
species of reef fish
and 42 species of
mangroves are found
in the country.

Anthropogenic
causes:
Pollution
Innovation by exotic
species
Overexploitation of
selected species
Habitat modification
Hunting
Global warming and
climate change
Agriculture
Domino effect

Biodiversity in the Philippines

About 50% of plants and animals are
endemic in the country, such as:
Birds-576 avian spp., with 195 (34%)
Reptiles-53 spp., with 167 (66%)
Amphibians-95 spp, with 51 ((54%)
Mammals-202 spp., with 110 (51%)
Plants-8,120 spp., with 5,800 (71%)
Coral Reefs-500 spp, out of 700 spp.
Wordldwide
Fished- 2,000 spp., w/ most
freshwater spp. Are endemic

ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF

NATIONAL INTEGRATED PROTECTED
AREAS SYSTEM (NIPAS)
Republic Act 7586 otherwise known as the National Integrated Protected
Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 provides the legal framework for the
establishment and management of protected areas in the Philippines. The Law
defines protected areas as the identified portions of land and/or water set aside
by reason of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to
enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive human
exploitation.
The establishment and management of protected areas are part of the
international commitments signed by the Philippine Government such
Convention on Biological Diversity, Ramsar Convention, World Heritage
Convention, Convention on Migratory Species, and the ASEAN Agreement on the
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

9/18/2015

Prohibited Acts. Except as may be allowed

by
The nature of their categories and pursuant to rules
and regulations governing the same, the following
acts are prohibited within protected areas:

(a) Hunting, destroying, disturbing, or mere

possession of any plants or animals or products
derived therefrom without a permit from the
Management Board;

(b) Dumping of any waste products detrimental

to the protected area, or to the plants and
animals or inhabitants therein;

(c) Use of any motorized equipment without a

permit from the Management Board;

(d) Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of

natural beauty or objects of interest to cultural
communities (of scenic value);
(e) Damaging and leaving roads and trails in a
damaged condition;
(f) Squatting, mineral locating, or otherwise
occupying any land;
(g) Constructing or maintaining any kind of
structure, fences or enclosures, conducting any
business enterprise without a permit;
(h) Leaving in exposed or unsanitary conditions
refuse or debris, or depositing in ground or in
bodies of water; and
(i) Altering, removing destroying or defacing
boundary marks or signs.

How do we translate knowledge into

action?

Rethink our built environment

Assumptions

Rethink infrastructure

Some overarching assumptions of the system are that

landscapes increase and sustain biodiversity by
providing ecosystem characteristics for both flora and
fauna that:
provide habitat for cover, foraging, and other life
history
characteristics
including
key
species
interactions;
facilitate species movement, migration, dispersal,
succession, and establishment within and through a
landscape;
provide natural patterns and processes that species
are adapted to including seasonal flooding, habitat
structure, habitat adjacencies, shading and light; or
reduce threats to wildlife survival including habitat
sinks, invasive species, inappropriate land uses
adjacent to habitat, and light pollution.

9/18/2015

Agriculture
Conservation
(CA)

Rethink design & planning

What can we do?

Agriculture in our Community
1. Prevent further destruction of patches of remnant vegetation

In 1946, about a third of the economy (29.7 percent) was agricultural, but the
share of agriculture to the economy has declined over the years. In 2012, it is
now contributing merely 11.1 percent to the economy.

Examining employment figures, we find that the average share of agricultural

employment for the past two decades to the total labor force is about onethird or 36.6 percent. In 2010, 31.2 percent of the total labor force are
working in agriculture. When the total employment figures in the agriculture
sector are broken down by region, Western Visayas and Cagayan Valley have
the most number of employed persons in agriculture while the least are in
Metro Manila and CARAGA.

Farmers and fishermen are among the least paid workers in the Philippine
economy with an average daily wage and salary of Php 156.8 and Php 178.43,
respectively in 2011.

2. Maintain and enhance open space & plant trees and shrubs
3. Identify and maintain key resources for existing dwelling species

What can you do?

1. Create biodiversity-friendly gardens and streetscapes where you live
and work
2. Support and encourage neighborhood and council biodiversity projects
3. Promote green, healthy cities and towns
4. Experience and share Philippines unique natural heritage
5. Use the natural landscape as part of the design

9/18/2015

Agriculture in our Community

In 2012, the labor productivity, as measured by the ratio of Gross Value Added
(GVA) to total number of employed persons, the entire agriculture sector
posted the lowest productivity rate with Php 57,728. The Industry and Service
sectors, likewise, have higher productivity with Php 351,024 and Php181,850,
respectively.

Given the low labor productivity and wage rates, it is not surprising that
across basic sectors, poverty incidence is highest among fishermen and
farmers at 41.4 percent and 36.7 percent in 2009, way above the poverty
incidence for the whole country at 26.5 percent in 2009.

Conservation Agriculture
Three principles:
1.

Practicing minimum mechanical soil disturbance which is essential to

maintaining minerals within the soil, stopping erosion, and preventing
water loss from occurring within the soil.

2.

Managing the top soil to create a permanent organic soil cover can
allow for growth of organisms within the soil structure.

3.

Practice of crop rotation with more than two species.

Conservation Agriculture: BENEFITS

On the side of the producer and/or farmer, CA can eventually do all that is
done in conventional agriculture, and it can conserve better than
conventional agriculture.

CA according to Theodor Friedrich, who is a specialist in CA, believes

Farmers like it because it gives them a means of conserving, improving, and
making more efficient use of their natural resources"

CA is shown to have even higher yields and higher outputs than conventional
agriculture once it has been established over long periods.

Also, a producer has the benefit of knowing that the soil in which his crops
are grown is a renewable resource. As long as good soil upkeep is maintained,
the soil will continue to renew itself. This could be very beneficial to a
producer who is practicing CA and is looking to keep soils at a productive level
for an extended time.

Conservation Agriculture :BENEFITS

On the side of the conservationist, CA can be seen as beneficial because there is
an effort to conserve what people use every day.

CA can change the way humans produce food and energy.

With conservation come environmental benefits of CA. These benefits include
less erosion possibilities, better water conservation, improvement in air quality
due to lower emissions being produced, and a chance for larger biodiversity in a
given area.

The FAO believes that there are three major benefits from CA:
>Within fields that are controlled by CA the producer will see an increase in
organic matter.
>Increase in water conservation due to the layer of organic matter and
ground cover to help eliminate transportation and access runoff.
>Improvement of soil structure and rooting zone.

9/18/2015

Conservation Agriculture:

Agricultural Conservation Techniques

PROBLEMS

There are not enough people who can financially turn from conventional
farming to conservation.

With the struggle to adapt comes the struggle to make CA grow across the
globe.

With CA comes the idea of producing enough food. With cutting back in
fertilizer, not tilling the ground, and other processes comes the responsibility
to feed the world.

Composting - the
controlled aerobic
decomposition of raw
organic material.

Conservation Crop
Rotation - a system for
growing several
different crops in
planned succession on
the same field.

Conservation Tillage any method of soil

cultivation that leaves
the previous year's
crop residue on fields.

Contour Buffer
Strips are permanent,
narrow bands of
grasses/legumes
planted on the contour

Contour Farming growing crops "on the

level" across or
perpendicular to a
slope rather than up
and down the slope.
Contour
Stripcropping growing strips of row
crops such as corn and
soybeans alternate in
a planned rotation
with equal-width strips

Cover Crops - grasses,

legumes, forbs or other
herbaceous plants that
provide seasonal cover
on cropland.

Fencing - is most often

used for pasture
management and to
exclude livestock from
cropland as well as
environmentally
sensitive areas.

Dead Animal
Composting - involves
specialized on-farm
facilities and practices
to completely compost
livestock/poultry
carcasses on the farm.

Feedlot/Wastewater
Filter Strips - areas of
grassy vegetation
engineered to receive
and treat feedlot
wastewater.

Field Border - a type of

conservation buffer
consisting of a grassy
border along one or
more edges of a field.

Controlled Burning the intentional

periodic use of fire to
manage perennial
vegetation.

Agricultural Conservation Techniques

Agricultural Conservation Techniques

Grass Planting establishing or restoring

permanent, perennial
conservation cover
consisting of native or
non-native grass mixes.
Grass Waterway - a
type of conservation
buffer, designed to
prevent soil erosion
while draining runoff
water from adjacent
cropland.
Grassland
Management - keeps
grass stands healthy so
they continue to
provide long-term
conservation benefits.

Gully/Grade Stabilization - an
embankment or spillway built
across a drainageway to
prevent soil erosion.

Habitat, Duck Nesting provide various duck species

with critical nesting and
brooding habitat.

Habitat, General - preserves

natural upland or wetland
ecosystems and the plants
and animals that thrive
there.

Habitat, Pheasant - attracts

and supports healthy
pheasant populations by
ensuring adequate food,
water and cover.

9/18/2015

Pest Management - in
agriculture involves
the safe and
environmentally
sound use of
pesticides to control
crop pests.

Riparian Buffer,
Forested - linear
multiple-row
plantings of trees,
shrubs and grass
designed primarily
for water quality and
...

Riparian Buffer,
Grass Filter Strip strips of grass and/or
legumes,typically 20
feet to 120 feet
wide, planted next
to a water body.

Agricultural Conservation Techniques

Invasive Species
Management specialized weed
management strategies
to suppress invasive
plant species.
Irrigation Water
Management - primarily
aims to control the
volume and frequency
of irrigation water
applied to crops.
Livestock Exclusion or
Access Control - the
temporary or
permanent exclusion of
livestock from a
designated area

Livestock Watering
Systems - ensure that
livestock have ready
access to clean drinking
water from sources
such streams, ponds,
springs or wells.
Manure/Ag Waste
Facility Cover - rigid,
semi-rigid covers or
flexible membranes
designed to prevent
spills and control odors.
Manure/Ag Waste
Storage - pit, lagoon or
above-ground structure
that safely holds
manure or other ag
waste.

Agricultural
Conservation
Techniques

Agricultural Conservation Techniques

Manure Digester collects manure and

convert the energy
stored in its organic
matter into methane,
which is used to
produce energy.

Manure Management planning ensures

careful handling and
use of livestock manure
to obtain its full value
as a crop nutrient ...

Manure Storage
Abandonment permanently removing
facilities that are no
longer used or can no
longer serve their
intended purpose.

Milkhouse Wastewater
Treatment - systems
involve specialized
technologies and
processes to treat
milking-related
wastewater.
Nutrient Management using crop nutrients as
efficiently as possible
to improve productivity
while protecting the
environment.
Pasture and Hay
Planting - establishing
or re-establishing longterm stands of native
or introduced
grasses/legumes for
livestock forage.

Roof Runoff
Management specially designed
high-capacity
gutters, downspouts
and outlets to collect
rain and snowmelt
from roofs.

Water and Sediment

Control Basin (WASCOB) small
earthen ridge-andchannel or
embankment built
across a small
watercourse within a
field.
Water Well - a hole
drilled, dug, or driven
into an aquifer to
provide water for
various agricultural
uses.
Wetland Restoration reestablishes or repairs
the hydrology, plants
and soils of a former or
degraded wetland ...

Agricultural
Conservation
Techniques

Rotational Grazing - is a
management-intensive
system of raising
livestock on subdivided
pastures called
paddocks.

Stream Habitat - is
restoring or enhancing
stream ecology to
support desired fish and
other aquatic species.

Terraces - earthen
embankments, ridges or
ridge-and-channels built
across a slope to
intercept runoff water
and reduce soil erosion.

Tree/Shrub Planting - for

conservation purposes is
establishing perennial
woody plants for
reforestation, habitat
restoration ...

Wind Erosion Control practices reduce soil

erosion by slowing
wind speed, which
prevents soil particles
from detaching and
becoming airborne.

Windbreak, Field linear plantings of

trees/shrubs designed
to reduce wind speed
in open fields.

Windbreak, Living
Snow Fences trees/shrubs planted
strategically along
roads to trap snow
and keep it from
blowing and drifting.

Windbreak,
Shelterbelt windbreaks designed
to protect farmsteads
and livestock from
wind and blowing
snow.

9/18/2015

Local Laws
>United Nations
>Food and Agriculture Organization
1. The eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition;
2. The elimination of poverty and the driving forward of economic and social progress for
all; and,
3. The sustainable management and utilization of natural resources, including land, water,
air, climate and genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations.

>FAO Philippines
- to the eradication of hunger and poverty, this collaboration is focused on Agriculture,
Forestry, Fisheries, Nutrition and Rural development.

+ Government bodies
>DA, DAR, DENR, DOST, NEDA, NAPC, DFA, MEDCO, NDCC, NSO
>FAWDZ

4.0 Flood Plain

Avoidance

Local Laws

Implementing Rules and Regulations for Republic Act 10068 (Organic Act of 2010)

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6389

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8435

AN ACT PRESCRIBING URGENT RELATED MEASURE TO MODERNIZE THE AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTORS OF THE COUNTRY IN
ORDER TO ENHANCE THEIR PROFITABILITY, AND PREPARE SAID SECTORS FOR THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATON THROUGH AN
ADEQUATE, FOCUSED AND RATIONAL DELIVERY OF NECESSARY SUPPORT SERVICES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFORE AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES

--"Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ)" refers to the areas within the NPAAAD identified for production, agroprocessing and marketing activities to help develop and modernize, with the support of government, the agriculture and fisheries sectors in
an environmentally and sound manner

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8550

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF THE FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES,
INTEGRATING ALL LAWS PERTINENT THERETO, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Section 81. Fish Refuge and Sanctuaries.

National Building Code

The Department may establish fish refuge and sanctuaries to be administered in the manner to be prescribed by the BFAR at least twentyfive percent (25%) but not more than forty percent (40%) of bays, foreshore lands, continental shelf or any fishing ground shall be set
aside for the cultivation of mangroves to strengthen the habitat and the spawning grounds of fish.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE (P.D.) NO. 1096

AGRICULTURAL BUILDING A building designed and constructed to house farm implements, hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other
horticultural products. This structure shall not be a place of human habitation or a place of employment where agricultural products are
processed, treated or packaged; nor shall it be placed used by the public.
CHAPTER VII CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OF OCCUPANCY Section 701. Occupancy Classified.
(10) Group J. Accessory Group J Occupancies shall include: Division 1. Private garage, carports, sheds and agriculture buildings.

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9/18/2015

WHAT THE

SOURCE OF THE PROBLEM

GARBAGE

CITY SUBSIDE BELOW SEA

LEVEL

GLOBAL WARMING

HUMAN

NO PROPER DRAINAGE
SYSTEM PLAN
F

L O O D

SOLUTIONS:

Why we
have
FLOODS?

NATURAL
DRAINAGE
RIVER
CREEKS

NATURAL LAND FORM OF SUBSURFACE OR A TERRAIN WERE THE

WATER CAN FLOW

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9/18/2015

SAMPLE IN
MUNTINLUPA
Natural Drainage Rivers and other
tributaries, which collectively drain a
total area of 0.6138 square kilometers,
cross the town at 74,838.49 meters into
Laguna De Bay. The kind of soil that
characterizes major parts of the City --the Guadalupe Clay series, results to low
permeability and has a very low drainage
feature. This means that water leaves soil
slowly that water table is above surface
most of the time.

DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
A MAN MADE SYSTEM TO
DISPOSING WATER TO AN
OUTLET

PUMPING
STATIONS
PUMPING STATIONS ARE
FACILITIES INCLUDING
PUMPS AND EQUIPMENT
FOR PUMPING FLUIDS FROM
ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

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9/18/2015

GOOD DAY
CArMiNA jOy mARCeLO
N!EL GarDOniA

CAR-DEPENDENCY
REDUCTION

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9/18/2015

Planning And Design Strategies to

Reduce Car Dependency
Automobile dependency is defined as high levels of per capita automobile
travel, automobile oriented land use patterns, and reduced transport
alternatives, and where automobiles are the predominant transport.

New Urbanism

Transit-oriented development

Smart growth

New Urbanism
New Urbanism is an urban design movement which
promotes walkable neighborhoods containing a range of housing and job
types.
New Urbanists (The Charter of the New Urbanism) support regional
planning for open space, context-appropriate architecture and planning, and
the balanced development of jobs and housing. They believe their strategies
can reduce traffic congestion, increase the supply of affordable housing, and
rein in suburban sprawl.

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New Urbanism

New Urbanism
Defining elements

The neighborhood has a discernible center. This is often a square or a green and
sometimes a busy or memorable street corner. A transit stop would be located at
this center.

Most of the dwellings are within a five-minute walk of the center, an average of
roughly 0.25 miles (0.40 km).

There are a variety of dwelling types usually houses, rowhouses,

and apartments so that younger and older people, singles and families, the poor
and the wealthy may find places to live.

At the edge of the neighborhood, there are shops and offices of sufficiently varied
types to supply the weekly needs of a household.

A small ancillary building or garage apartment is permitted within the backyard of

each house. It may be used as a rental unit or place to work (for example, an
office or craft workshop).

An elementary school is close enough so that most children can walk from their home.

There are small playgrounds accessible to every dwelling not more than a tenth of a mile
away.

Streets within the neighborhood form a connected network, which disperses traffic by
providing a variety of pedestrian and vehicular routes to any destination.

The streets are relatively narrow and shaded by rows of trees. This slows traffic, creating an
environment suitable for pedestrians and bicycles.

Buildings in the neighborhood center are placed close to the street, creating a well-defined
outdoor room.

Parking lots and garage doors rarely front the street. Parking is relegated to the rear of
buildings, usually accessed by alleys.

Certain prominent sites at the termination of street vistas or in the neighborhood center are
reserved for civic buildings. These provide sites for community meetings, education, and
religious or cultural activities.

Transit-oriented development
A transit-oriented development (TOD) is a mixed-use residential and
commercial area designed to maximize access to public transport, and often
incorporates features to encourage transit ridership.
A TOD neighborhood typically has a center with a transit station or stop (train
station, metro station, tram stop, or bus stop), and is generally are located
within a radius of one-quarter to one-half mile (400 to 800 m) from a transit
stop.

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Integrated public transport

Integrated public transport

Physical integration the close proximity and ease of access at mode

interchanges will greatly enhance public transport services. Walkways should
be carefully designed for passengers to change mode. Passengers should be
within a short walking distance from their residences to a transit stop.
Network integration bus and rail systems should be an integrated network in
their own right and these separate networks should further complement one
another. Feeder services using buses, trams or light rail should be designed to
maximise the patronage of the trunk routes. Network integration is closely
linked to physical integration and both contribute towards the integration of
infrastructure.

Fare integration a single fare card for multiple transit services will facilitate
the transfer between modes. Rebates can be implemented as an inducement
for those who transfer from one mode to another.

Information integration a comprehensive, easy-to-use passenger travel guide

is critical to successful multi-modal travel. The signage atrail and bus stations
should be properly designed to convey effective information to travellers.
Information technologies (IT) and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) can play
important roles in integrated transport in general and information integration
in particular.

Institutional integration a common institutional framework is better able to

undertake land-use planning, travel demand management and integrated
public transport services. In the absence of such common framework, cooperation and co-ordination amongst government agencies and between the
private and public sectors, become vitally important.

Smart growth
Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that
concentrates growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl.
It is a theory of land development that accepts that growth and development
will continue to occur.
the principles of smart growth are directed at developing sustainable
communities that provide a greater range of transportation and housing
choices and prioritize infill and redevelopment in existing communities rather
than development of "greenfield" farmland or natural lands.

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Smart growth
Basic principles
1.

Mix land uses

2.

Take advantage of compact building design

3.

Create a range of housing opportunities and choices

4.

Create walkable neighborhoods

5.

Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place

6.

Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical environmental areas

7.

Strengthen and direct development towards existing communities

8.

Provide a variety of transportation choices

9.

Make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective

10.

Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions

Strateries

Description

Pricing reforms

Comprehensive tax and price reforms.

Least-Cost Planning

Transportation planning that allows

demand management to be considered
equally with capacity expansion
projects.

Park & Ride

Parking at urban-fringe transit stops.

HOV Preference

Transit and rideshare priority measures.

Transit improvements

Improved public transit service.

Ridesharing

Rideshare promotion and matching.

Bicycle Encouragement

Support and encouragement for cycling.

Nonmotorized Improvements

Improved bicycle and pedestrian

planning, facilities and services.

Intermodal Bike

Bike lockers at stops, bikeracks on

transit vehicles.

Tele-access

Telecommunications that substitute for

physical travel, including
telecommuting, teleshopping, distance
learning, etc.

Alternative Work Hours

Flex time and alternative work weeks

(such as four 10- hour days)

Guaranteed Ride Home

Provide a limited number of free rides

home for commuters who do not drive.

Address Security

Address security concerns of nondrivers.

Full Cost Pricing

Pricing reforms to charge users directly

for the costs they impose.

Increased Fuel Taxes

Increase federal and state fuel taxes.

Road Pricing

Road tolls and congestion pricing.

Vehicle Restrictions

Restrict vehicle use in specific areas or

at certain times.

Parking Pricing

Charge users directly for parking. Avoid

discounts for long-term leases.

Commuter Financial Incentives

Financial benefits to commuters who

use alternative modes. Includes Parking
Cash Out, transit and ridesharing
benefits.

Parking Management

Encourage shared parking and other

parking management strategies.

Distance-based fees

Mileage-based vehicle insurance and

registration fees.

Carsharing

Convenient, short-term vehicle rentals

that substitutes for vehicle ownership.

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Neotraditional Planning

Develop neighbourhoods that encourage

walking, bicycling and transit use.

Traffic Calming

Street design features to reduce vehicle

traffic speeds when appropriate.

Smart Growth

Land use policies that encourage more

efficient land use.

Reduce Parking and Road Standards

Reduce excessive and inflexible parking

and road capacity requirements.
Manage parking for efficiency.

Transport Management Associations

(TMAs)

An organization of businesses that

provides transportation management
and parking management services in a
particular area.

Regulatory Reforms

Reform motor-carrier regulations to

encourage competition and innovation.

Location-Efficient Development

Encourage higher density, affordable

housing near commercial centres,
transit lines and parks.

References

http://www.strongtowns.org

http://www. en.wikipedia.org

http://cnu.org/who-we-are/charter-new-urbanism

Topography Protection

Topography
Is a field of geo-science and planetary
science comprising the study of surface shape and
features of the Earth and other
observable astronomical
objects including planets, moons, and asteroids.
It is also the description of such surface shapes
and features (especially their depiction in maps).

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Selection of Slope Protection

Work

General:

Debris Flow

About 70% of the strategic road network in hill and

mountains terrain with steep slope and fragile rocks that are
prone to slope failure, especially during monsoon season.
Various type of slope failures such as Landslide, Debris flow
and Embankment Failures occur frequently along these roads
and its vicinity. Proper procedure of slope protection should
be applied for planning and designing slope protection
methods.

Slope failures pictures

Points are to be considered while

planning a slope protection work

Landslide

Suitable countermeasure for road slope failures

should be based on a better understanding of the
characteristic of road slope failures.
Water management is an essential factor in
controlling slope stability.
In most of the case earthwork comprising of
cutting unstable portion of a slope at top and
Embankment in the toe part of the landslide can
stabilise the slope.

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Combination of water management and Earthworks

shall be considered as primary control measures.
Restrain measures such as retaining wall and
structures like gabion wall and stone masonry can
stabilise the slope when failure scale is small and or
when the movement of landslide is low.
In large scale slope failures monitoring and control
measures should be planned and applied prior to
implementation of restrain measures.

Counter measure planning

procedure
Field Observation
It is recommended that a field observation be carried out by
an experienced engineer capable to assess the disaster.
Assessment of Disaster
To assess the disaster mechanism, judgement shall be made
based on failure Type, Area, Scale (volume), Deformation
level. At this stage, preliminary countermeasure planning
shall be made based on mechanism of disaster.
Preliminary Countermeasure Planning
Shall include not only the comprehensive countermeasure
but also temporary treatment. Surface drainage works and
earthworks operation.

Field Investigation and Stability Analysis

In case of complex and large scale landslides the field investigation and stability analysis shall
be carried out to clarify the mechanism and scale of the landslide .
Control and Restraint Measure
Shall be carried out in order to prevent the recurrence of the slope failure. The control
measure is mainly composed of the earthwork, water management and bio-engineering work.
Control Measures
Is mainly composed of the earthwork, water management and bio-engineering work.
Earthworks and drainage are essential factors in improvement of slope stability.
Monitoring and Traffic Control for safety
After implementing control measures, suitable monitoring plan shall be made to secure the
traffic safety.

Classification of Slope type

Failure
Collapse (CL)

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This refers to failure of loose and porous soil and rocks

from slope when the loose materials are filled with water
during rainfall or are shaken by earthwake. This type of
failure occurs suddenly with rapid movement and without
prior indication. Mechanism of collapse is the breakdown
of loose and porous of the slope itself.

Free fall or rolling down of a rock or few rocks individually

from a steep slope or cliff. This type of failure occurs
suddenly and prone to occur during rainfall and or
earthquake. This type of failure could occur with no
relation to weather conditions.

Classification of Countermeasure
work
Rock Fall (RF)
Countermeasures for slope failure are classified into three
categories and nine groups, depending upon its purpose
and application. A suitable combination of these measures
should be applied after assessment of slope failure and its
mechanism, importance of the assets to be protected, and
the cost effectiveness. Categories and groups of
countermeasures for slope failure in the table.

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9/18/2015

Category

Group

Control Measures

Earthworks, Cutting and Filling, Bioengineering, Various methods of

vegetation and small scale engineering
work in the slope and its vicinity.

Restraint Measures

Aletrnative Works

Slope work; Stone pitching, Frame Work,

Anchoring; Rock bolt, Nailing, and Ground
anchor, walls and Resisting Structures;
Gabion, Stone Masonry, Frame,
Protection; Rock Fail Wire-net, Check
Dam,
Piling Work; Steel Pipe, Pile Shaft work

Re alignment of road: Route relocation

or Re - alignment by bridge or Tunnel

All slopes are vulnerable for slope failure, which may

be caused by gravity action, rise in pore-water
pressure during heavy rain and/or earthquake.
Application of control Measures should be given at the
initial stage of slope failure. Restraint Measures are to
be considered as additional measures. Alternative
works such as relocation or re-alignment of road is
expensive and therefore it should be applied only if
there is no other solution.

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Land Allocation for

projects 1 hectare and
above.
a. Saleable area
70% (maximum)
b. Non-saleable area 30% (minimum)

Length of Block
Maximum length of block is
400
meters,
however,
blocks
exceeding 250 meters shall be
provided with an alley approximately
at mid-length.

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Length of Block
Maximum block length is
400 meters. However, block
length exceeding 250 meters shall
already be provided with a 2meter alley approximately at
midlength.

The minimum setback

of dwelling unit
a. Front Setback
= 1.5 m.
b. Side yard
= 1.5 m
c. Rear yard
= 2.0 m.

Bicycle
Network

Bicycle Network
http://homebaseforhousing.org/Education/Definitions.cshtml

http://www.hudcc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/
document/IRR%20PD%20957.pdf

Cycle network planning

Cycle network planning is a process of improving community mobility by providing
interconnected routes and facilities based on bicycle users needs It aims to
provide cyclists with safe, comfortable, direct routes from all origins to all
destinations that:
link to form a network

http://www.slideshare.net/joems_angel2000/housing-in-the-philippines

retain existing cyclists

encourage more people to cycle

http://hlurb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/lawsissuances/irr/Revised_IRR_BP220_2008.pdf

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9/18/2015

Bicycle Network

Bicylce Network

Cycle route planning

Cycling as transport

Cycle route planning is the organization of the most appropriate facilities and
treatments into a continuous path for cyclists that will take them safely and
comfortably for the greater part of their journey. Facilities will differ depending
on the environment through which the route passes, and different types of
cyclists will need different types of cycle route. Cycle route planning aims to
provide cycle routes that:

At its most essential, cycling is a means of transport, and in this respect is no

different from the car. In both cases, about three-quarters of trips are for utility
(practical, day-today) purposes, and one-quarter for leisure with significant
variations by location and ages of road users. Most journeys are short. About twothirds of all vehicle trips are less than six km (LTSA, 2000), which is an easy cycle
ride for most people

provide the highest level of service (LOS) for cyclists, including safety,
convenience and comfort
provide operating space to cycle and other users
minimise confl icts with other users.

Bicylce Network

Bicylce Network

The purpose of cycling

General route requirements

Cycling generally has two main purposes:

Cyclists routes should provide:

utility

safety

leisure.

comfort

Utility cycling involves making a journey for the main purpose of doing an activity
at the journeys end, such as work, education or shopping. Time is often an
important consideration. Leisure cycling is done for the journey itself. Leisure
cyclists include sports training cyclists, recreation riders and cycle tourists. They
also include children playing on their bikes near their homes.

directness
coherence
attractiveness.

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9/18/2015

Bicylce Network

Bicylce Network

Safety

Directness

Cycle routes should be safe, provide personal security, and limit conflict between
cyclists and others

Cycle routes should be direct, based on desire lines, and result in minimal delays
door to door. Parking facilities should be in convenient locations.

Bicylce Network

Bicylce Network

Comfort

Coherence

Cycling routes should be smooth, non-slip, well maintained and free of debris,
have gentle slopes, and be designed to avoid complicated manoeuvres. Rain and
wind discourage cycling. Measures to reduce their effects and make cycling more
enjoyable include:

Cycle routes should be continuous and recognisable, link all potential origins and
destinations, and offer a consistent standard of protection throughout. To be
recognisable, cycling routes should use consistent standards and design.

considering walls, embankments or suitable hedges next to paths, but being

aware of maintaining public surveillance
paying attention to exposed paths near foreshores or ridges
providing shelter at critical destinations.

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Bicylce Network

Bicylce Network

Attractiveness

Complementary facilities

Cycle routes should integrate with and complement their surroundings, enhance
public security, look attractive and contribute in a positive way to a pleasant
cycling experience.

Cycling planning needs to consider the whole journey. All cyclists need to store or
park their bicycles securely. For other than short local trips, they may need to
change clothes, have a shower and store items. For longer recreational journeys
toilets, clean water and attractive resting places are important

Bicylce Network
Cyclists trip types and requirements For the purposes of cycle planning, cyclist
trip types can be grouped into:
neighbourhood cycling
commuter cycling
sports adults

Bicylce Network
Complementary facilities
Cycling planning needs to consider the whole journey. All cyclists need to store or
park their bicycles securely. For other than short local trips, they may need to
change clothes, have a shower and store items. For longer recreational journeys
toilets, clean water and attractive resting places are important

recreation cycling
touring cycling.

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Bicylce Network

Bicylce Network

Secure bicycle parking

POSSIBLE CYCLE ROUTE LOCATIONS ROADS

All journeys require secure parking at each end. Most people will not cycle if they
cannot secure their bicycle at their destination or public transport terminal (or
take the bike with them on public transport). The type of parking will depend on
the need for security and convenience. The most common is the ability to lock
cycles to a cycle stand. Older cycle-parking stands that support the bicycle by one
wheel offer inadequate security and weather protection, and can easily cause
wheel damage

State highways
Urban arterial roads
Urban backstreets
Urban off-road paths
Rural arterial roads (includes state highways)
Rural secondary roads PATHS
Operating railways
Disused railways
Watercourses
Foreshores
Reserves and parks
Other locations
Public transport

Bicylce Network
Choice of parking facility Three types of cycle parking are recommended:
stands
enclosures
lockers

Bicylce Network
POSSIBLE CYCLE ROUTE LOCATIONS ROADS
State highways
Urban arterial roads
Urban backstreets
Urban off-road paths
Rural arterial roads (includes state highways)
Rural secondary roads PATHS
Operating railways
Disused railways
Watercourses
Foreshores

Reserves and parks

Other locations
Public transport

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Bicycle Network
Pavement Markings and Signs
Cycle Tracks
Separating the cycling lane from motor vehicle traffic is a way to make cycling
more comfortable on fast, busy streets.

Bicycle Network
Bicycle Lanes painted with a yellow line allow cyclists to travel two ways on
streets that are one-way for all other vehicles. This type of bicycle lane may also
be called a "contra-flow" bicycle lane.

White Bicycle lane

Bicycle lanes are marked with a solid white line, bicycle symbol, and white
diamond marking. The white diamond marking is the marking is the marking for a
"reserved lane" which means that legally only bicycles may travel in this lane. In
this reserved lane motorists are not allowed to park, stand or drive.
Painted bicycle lanes provided a dedicated space for cycling, where the traffic
speeds and volumes are high enough that cyclists are not comfortable mixing with
motor vehicle traffic.

Bicycle Network
Shared Lane Pavement Markings (or "Sharrows") are used in shared traffic lanes to
indicate the ideal cyclist position in the lane and to remind drivers to share the
road. Sharrows are marked on the roadway with two white chevrons and a bicycle
symbol.

Bicycle Network
Bicycle actuated sigals are marked with three white dots on the pavement at
intersections. To activate the traffic lights (from red to green), cyclists must come
to a complete stop over the white dots.

The best place to use sharrows are on quite streets, that are not very busy.

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Bicycle Network
Bicycle Boxes are used at intersections to designate a space for cyclists to wait in
front of cars at a red light, and to proceed first when the light turns green. When
the traffic signal is red motorists stop at a regular stop bar behind the painted
area for cyclists.

9.0 Water
Conservation

Bicycle Network
New Trail crossings are designed with parallel bike and pedestrian crossings.
Cyclists should ride across the intersection in the marked bike crossing and not in
the pedestrian crosswalk.

Water Conservation

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What is Water
Conservation
Water conservation
is any beneficial reduction

in water loss, use or waste as well as the preservation

of water quality and a reduction in water use
accomplished
by
implementation
of
water
conservation or water efficiency
measures
or
improved water management practices that reduce or
enhance the beneficial use of water.

Water management
Water management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing
and managing the optimum use of water resources. In an ideal world,
water management planning has regard to all the competing demands for
water and seeks to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses
and demands.

How to manage water

Water is an essential resource for all life on the planet.

Of the water resources on Earth only three per cent of it
is not salty and two-thirds of the freshwater is locked up
in ice caps and glaciers. Of the remaining one per cent,
a fifth is in remote, inaccessible areas and much
seasonal rainfall in monsoonal deluges and floods
cannot easily be used. At present only about 0.08 per
cent of all the worlds fresh water . is exploited by
mankind
in
ever
increasing
demand
for sanitation, drinking, manufacturing, leisure and
agriculture

Water management in Philippines

The Philippines counts as its
freshwater resources some
421 principal river, 79 natural
lakes and groundwater
aquifers of about 50,000
square kilometre. Of 420 river
basins, 18 are considered
major of 300,00sq km, and
having a total drainage are
greater than 1,400 sq km.

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9/18/2015

THREATS

Fresh Water Supply

About 146 billion cubic meters (m3) of

freshwater is available from surface
water that is found in dams, lakes,
rivers and streams. Groundwater, or
water located beneath the earths
surface in rock formations or aquifers,
accounts for 20 billion m3. Households
have taken to augmenting their own
water supply by installing receptacles
to catch rainfall, which varies from 965
to 4,064 millimeters annually.

THREATS
The quantity and quality of our
freshwater supply is threatened by a
lot of factors

Human activities such as illegal

logging, indiscriminate quarrying,
squatting and unregulated land
use can lead to degradation of
our river basins.
There
is
not
enough
infrastructure to catch and
impound
water
particularly
during rainy months.
Besides the consumption needs
of
an
everincreasing
population,
an
improving
economy has an indirect adverse
impact, too.

Approximately 2,000 cubic meters of solvent wastes,

22,000 tons of heavy metals, infectious wastes, biological
sludge, lubricants, and intractable wastes, as well as 25 million
cubic meters of acid/alkaline liquid wastes are improperly
disposed of annually in the Metro Manila area alone.

How do we translate knowledge

in giving solution to the
problems?
As a solution, albeit temporary, President Benigno
Aquino III has designated Secretary Rogelio Singson of the
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) as
water czar to oversee and look into all concerns
regarding water. Singson has already proposed a
convergence programamong all water-related agencies,
while the President has expressed the need for a super
body to manage the countrys entire water supply.

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DENRs conservation efforts

The national government
has many intervention
programs within our river
basins
to
ensure
sustainable water supply
for the peoples needs,
especially
for
food
production and domestic
use. The six-year National
Greening Program, for
example, aims to reforest
our watersheds to help
sustain all water bodies
into which they drain.

A major national policy that

helps protect every Filipinos
right to clean water is the
enactment of Republic Act
No. 9275, also known as the
Philippine Clean Water Act
(CWA) of 2004. This law
enjoins the DENR to take the
lead in maintaining water
quality
standards
in
coordination
with
other
government agencies, the
civil
society
and
other
concerned sectors.

Water Conservation should be

everyones business
What we can do?
In water conservation therefore, the
government
being
able
to
implement as many intervention
programs, provide the necessary
infrastructure or perfect a system of
managing our water supply, is just
one part of the equation. The
cooperation of the public plays a key
role in water conservation. As users,
they are expected to participate in
government programs on water
conservation, and abide by laws or
ordinances aimed at keeping water
resources clean.

Conserving Water
We need to conserve water because we
have so little to use and share with nature! So,
here are some ways that YOU can use to
help conserve water!!!
Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth,
that will save 7.5 liters of water
Only flush the toilet when needed

Coserve
Lets make the
earth a better
place!

Imagine the difference if we all conserve!

It wouldnt hurt trying
So, do you agree?
If you do, you are truly a electrifying person!!!

I love
conservation
!

electrifyin
g

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LOCATION
and
CONNECTIVITY

Esguerra, Jilo
Hong, Kim Jason
Ferranco, Sheela Mae
Victoria, Zid
Gardonia, Niel
Marcelo, Carmina Joy
Rasalan, Victoria
Sophia, Bernard
Salvador, Malojude
Ocana, Shiela
Ayap, Lovely Joy
Tongohan, Jonathan
Ayala, Gian Kenneth

Good Day po.

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