ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
VII. DRUG STUDY
21
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
Citicoline
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
Nicholin,
Neurotonics,
ACTION
INDICATION
Citicoline
Somazine, 5- Nootropics
seems
Cytidine
increase
Parkinsons
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
Citicoline
to disease
a
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
seems to be safe
taken
when
taken
without food. Take
(up
it with or between
meals.
The
supplement
Head injury
diphosphate
brain chemical
choline,
called
Cerebral
to 90 days). The
phosphatidylch
vascular
safety of long-
CDPC,
CDP
Choline,
oline.
CDP-Choline,
brain chemical
Citicholine,
is
Citicolina,
for
Cytidine
important
brain
Alzheimers
Diphosphoch
Citicoline
surgery
oline,
might
5-
also acute cerebral
decrease brain disturbance
22
or at night because
it
citicoline dont
or
or
in the late afternoon
Most
experience
with
should not be taken
people who take
disease
Cerebral
term use is not
known.
function.
Cytidine
5-
short-term
This disease
Citicoline may be
can
cause
difficulty sleeping.
Women who are
problematic
pregnant or trying
side
effects.
to become pregnant
However, these
should consult with
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
diphosphocho
tissue damage Disturbance of
are the common
their doctor before
line, Cytidine
when the brain consciousness
side
taking
the
(5)
is injured.It is following brain
reported
supplements.
Not
diphosphocho
usually known surgery
some patients:
line
that
effects
by
enough is known
about the use of
Body
phospholipid,
Citicoline
during
pregnancy
and
temperature
especially
elevation
lecithin,
breast-feeding. Stay
decreases
Restlessness
on the safe side and
Headaches
avoid use.
Special
attention
following
decline
in
brain
activity
Nausea
with
cerebral
vomiting
and
should be paid for
administration
the
trauma.
Diarrhea
23
premature
in
neonate,
and
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
Citicoline,
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
Low
which is a co-
or
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
high
blood pressure
children.
Contact
physician
enzyme,
Tachycardia
immediately
accelerates the
biosynthesis of
Sleeping
lecithin in the
troubles
body.
insomnia
allergic
This
especially the
24
or
mouth
or
chest
tightness or trouble
breathing
stem
body
face
throat,
Chest pains
action of the
ciliary
your
hands,
medication
brain
reaction
or itching, swelling
Blurred vision
the
if
such as hives, rash,
or
in
enhances
the
are
experienced.
Citicoline therapy
should be started
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
ascending
ciliary
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
within 24 hours of a
body
stroke.
The
activating
physician
will
system, which
prescribe the correct
is
dosage
closely
related
and
the
to
length of time it
consciousness,
should be taken for
but does not
a medical condition.
exert effort on
the
extrapyramidal
system.
Citicoline
increases
25
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
cerebral blood
flow
and
oxygen
consumption
of
and
the
brain
improves
cerebral
circulation and
metabolism.
Scientific
research
demonstrates
that Citicoline
consumption
26
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
promotes brain
metabolism by
enhancing the
synthesis
of
acetyl-choline,
restoring
phospholipid
content in the
brain
and
affecting
neuron
membrane
excitability and
osmosis (by its
27
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
effect on the
ATPdependent
sodium
and
potassium
pump). When
taken orally, its
two
main
components,
Cytidine
and
Choline
are
absorbed
into
the
bloodstream.
28
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
29
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
Miscellaneous
Acetylcysteine
Fluimucil
Mucolytic that Adjunct
respiratory
granules
and
CNS:
reduces
the therapy
for
drugs
tablet
Observe 10 rights in
tract
drug administration.
fever,
viscosity
of abnormal
pulmonary
viscid
secretions
by thickened
drowsiness,
Use
abnormal
stainless
thinking,
splitting
mucous
disulfide
secretions
plastic,
glass,
or
gait another
disturbances
steel,
or
nonreactive
metal when giving by
in
nebulization.Hand-bulb
linkagesbetwee patients
CV:
nebulizers
arent
n mucoprotein withpneumoni
molecular
complexes.
a,
bronchitis,
bronchiectasis,
Also, restores primary
liver stores of amyloidosis of
glutathione to the
30
lung,
tachycardia,
recommended because
hypotension,
output is too small and
hypertension,
particle size toolarge.
flushing, chest
Drug is physically or
tightness
chemically
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
treatacetamino
tuberculosis,
phen toxicity.
cysticfibrosis,
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
EENT:
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
incompatible
with
tetracyclines,
rhinorrhea, ear
emphysema,
erythromycin
pain, eye pain,
atelectasis,
lactobionate,amphoteric
pharyngitis,
pulmonary
in B, and ampicillin
throat tightness
complications
of
thoracic
surgery,
sodium. If given by
GI:
or
nausea,
Adults
and
vomiting
children:
Respiratory:
1 to 2 ml 10%
or
20%
rhonchi,
bronchospasm,
31
inhalation,
nebulize these drugs
stomatitis,
CVsurgery
aerosol
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
solution
by
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
cough, dyspnea
direct
Skin:
instillation into
trachea
as
rash,
often asq hour.
clamminess,
Or, 1 to 10 ml
diaphoresis,
of
20%
pruritus,
solution or 2 to
urticaria
20 ml of 10%
solution
by
Other:
nebulization q
angioedema,
2 to 6hours,
chills,
prn
anaphylactoid
Acetaminophe
32
reaction
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
n toxicity
Adults
and
children:
Initially,
140
mg/kg
P.O.
then 70 mg/kg
P.O. q 4 hours
for 17 doses.
Or,
aloading
dose
of
150mg/kg
IV
over
15
minutes;
33
then
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
SIDE
EFFECTS
DOSAGE
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
IV
maintenance
dose
of
50
mg/kg
infusedover 4
hours,
followed
100
by
mg/kg
infused
over
16 hours
Amiodarone
hydrochloride
amiodarone
(a mee o da hydrochloride
Type
III Only
for
antiarrhythmic: treatment
rone)
(a mee o da rone) Acts
Cordarone,
Cordarone, Pacerone
directly the
following
on cardiac cell documented
34
of
Wheezing,
cough,
Use
with
chest caution
pain, coughing receiving
up
extreme
in
other
blood, arrhythmics.
those
anti
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
Pacerone
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
membrane;
life-threatening
breathing
Use
cautiously
in
prolongs
recurrent
problems
that patient with pulmonary
repolarization
ventricular
get worse;
or thyroid disease.
and refractory arrhythmias
A new or a Be aware that although
period;
that
do
not
increases
respond
ventricular
other
fibrillation
antiarrhythmic
worsening
amiodarone
irregular
effective for treatment
heartbeat
of arrhythmias resistant
pattern
threshold; acts s
or
often
(fast, to other drug therapy,
when
slow,
on
is
to
or the high incidence of
peripheral alternative
pounding
adverse reactions limits
heartbeats);
its use
smooth muscle agents are not
to
decrease tolerated:
peripheral
Recurrent
A light-headed Obtain
resistance
ventricular
feeling, like you pulmonary, liver, and
35
baseline
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
fibrillation,
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
might pass out;
thyroid function tests.
recurrent
Blurred vision, Administer
loading
hemodynamica
vision
lly
loss, doses
in
hospital
unstable
headache
or setting
and
with
ventricular
pain
behind continuous
ECG
tachycardia.
your
Serious
eyes, monitoring because of
and
sometimes with the
even
vomiting;
toxicity
slow
onset
on
fatal
antiarrhythmic
effect
has
and
been reported
risk
of
life-
Liver
threatening
with this drug;
problems-arrhythmias.
use alternative
nausea,
upper
agents
stomach
pain, Divide
itching,
tired dose into three equal
very
36
first;
closely
oral
loading
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
monitor patient
feeling, loss of doses and give with
receiving
appetite,
dark meals to decrease GI
urine,
clay- intolerance.
this
drug
colored
stools, Maintenance
dosage
Unlabeled
jaundice
may be given once
uses:
Treatment
(yellowing
of daily,
but
may
be
the
or divided into two doses
of
skin
refractory
eyes);
sustained
taken with meals of GI
or
intolerance occurs.
paroxysmal
Signs
atrial
overactive
IV
fibrillation and
thyroid--weight
amiodorone
paroxysmal
loss,
supraventricula
hair, feeling too facilitates
r tachycardia;
hot or too cold, monitoring of cardiac
37
of
use:
thinning given
know
that
may
IV
for
be
where
close
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
treatment
of
SIDE
EFFECTS
DOSAGE
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
increased
function
and
symptomatic
sweating,
resuscitation
are
atrial flutter
irregular
available. Initial dosage
menstrual
of 150 mg should be
periods,
mixed with 100 ml of
swelling in your dextrose 5% solution.
neck (goiter); or
Repeat doses should be
administered through a
Signs
of
central venous catheter.
underactive
thyroid-extreme
feeling,
Continuously
monitor
tired cardiac status of patient
dry receiving drug IV.
skin, joint pain
Monitor BP and heart
or
38
stiffness,
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
muscle pain or rate
weakness,
and
rhythm
frequently.
Perform
hoarse
voice, continuous
ECG
feeling
more monitoring
during
sensitive to cold initiation and alteration
temperatures,
of
dosage.
weight gain.
doctor
of
Notify
significant
change.
Aspirin
pir in)
(ass
Apo-ASA Antipyretic
(CAN)
Analgesic and Mild
antirheumatic
to
moderate pain
Acute
aspirin Take extra precautions
toxicity:
to keep this drug out of
Respiratory
the reach of children;
attributable to
alkalosis,
this drug can be very
aspirins ability Inflammatory
hyperpnea,
dangerous for children.
to inhibit the conditions
tachypnea,
Analgesic
effects
Aspergum
Bayer,
are
(nonopioid)
Anti-inflammatory
Easprin
Fever
Use the drug only as
Antirheumatic
39
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
Ecotrin,
CLASSIFICATION
Antiplatelet
Empirin
ACTION
synthesis
INDICATION
of rheumatic
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
hemorrhage,
suggested; avoid
prostaglandins,
fever,
excitement,
overdose. Avoid the use
important
rheumatoid
confusion,
of other over-the-
asterixis,
counter drugs while
pulmonary
taking this drug. Many
Salicylate
EntroAsphen
NSAID
mediators
of arthritis,
(CAN)
inflammation.
Pregnancy Category
Genprin
D
Halfprin 81
osteoarthritis
Antipyretic
edema, seizures, of these drugs contain
Reduction
of
effects are not
risk
tetany,
aspirin, and serious
metabolic
overdose can occur.
of
fully
recurrent TIAs
1/2 Halfprin
understood,
but
Heartline
acidosis, fever,
or
stroke
in
aspirin
coma,
males
probably
Take the drug with food
CV
with
acts
or after meals if GI
collapse,
renal
history of TIA
Norwich
in
the
and respiratory
due to fibrin
thermoregulato
Novasen
upset occurs.
failure
(dose Do not cut, crush, or
platelet emboli
ry center of the
(CAN)
40
related, 2025 g chew sustained-release
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
PMS-ASA
hypothalamus
Reduction
of
(CAN)
to block effects risk of death or
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
in adults, 4 g in products.
children)
Over-the-counter
of endogenous nonfatal MI in
ZORprin
pyrogen
by patients
inhibiting
Aspirin
aspirins are equivalent.
intolerance:
Price does not reflect
with
history
of
Exacerbation of effectiveness.
synthesis
of infarction
or
bronchospasm,
the
unstable
prostaglandin
angina pectoris
You may experience
rhinitis
(with
these side effects:
nasal
polyps,
intermediary.
Nausea, GI upset,
MI prophylaxis
Inhibition
platelet
asthma, rhinitis)
of
heartburn (take drug
Unlabeled use:
GI:
Nausea, with food); easy
aggregation is Prophylaxis
dyspepsia,
bruising, gum bleeding
attributable to against cataract
heartburn,
(related to aspirins
the
epigastric
effects on blood
inhibition formation with
41
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
of
INDICATION
platelet long-term use
synthesis
of
SIDE
EFFECTS
DOSAGE
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
discomfort,
clotting).
anorexia,
Report ringing in the
thromboxane
hepatotoxicity
ears; dizziness,
A2, a potent
Hematologic:
confusion; abdominal
vasoconstrictor
Occult
blood pain; rapid or difficult
and inducer of
loss, hemostatic breathing; nausea,
platelet
defects
vomiting, bloody
aggregation.
stools.
This
effect
Hypersensitivit
occurs at low
y:
doses and lasts
Anaphylactoid
for the life of
reactions
the platelet (8
anaphylactic
days).
shock
Higher
42
to
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
doses
the
INDICATION
inhibit
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
Salicylism:
synthesis
Dizziness,
of
tinnitus,
prostacyclin, a
difficulty
potent
hearing, nausea,
vasodilator and
vomiting,
inhibitor
diarrhea, mental
of
platelet
confusion,
aggregation.
lassitude (dose
related)
Omeprazole
Omeprazole
Omeperon 40 Omeprazole is in a Omeprazole is As
sodium
mg
Give medication before
well
powder class of drugs called a
is
an
tolerated.
potent alternative for
meals, preferably in the
Adverse
for
IV proton
pump inhibitor
of patients
43
who
morning for once-daily
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
injection
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
inhibitors (PPI) that gastric
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
reactions
are
acid cannot tolerate
dosing. If necessary,
generally
block the production secretion.
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
mild
It oral therapy in
also give an antacid, as
and reversible.
of
acid
by
the reduces gastric the
following
prescribed.
The
following
stomach. Other drugs acid secretion conditions:
adverse effects If needed, open capsule
in the class include by
inhibiting benign gastric
have
lansoprazole
the parietal cell ulcer, duodenal
(Prevacid),
H+-
rabeprazole
ATPase
reported:
granules on applesauce
Dermatologic:
or yogurt or mix with
K+- ulcer,
gastroesophage
skin
(Aciphex),
pantoprazole
(Protonix),
esomeprazole
(proton pump) al
in
and parietal
rash, water or acidic fruit
reflux
urticaria,
juice, such as apple or
pruritus
cranberry juice. Give
Gastrointestinal
immediately.
gastric disease.
cells. -Acid
This enzyme is aspiration
:
(Nexium).
been and sprinkle the
constipation,
responsible for prophylaxis
diarrhea,
the
flatulence,
44
To give drug via NG
tube, mix granules in
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
nausea,
electroneural
acidic juice because
vomiting,
exchange
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
acid
of
enteric coating
regurgitation,
H+
and
K_
dissolves in alkaline
abdominal pain,
ions during the
pH.
Others:
formation
of
asthenia,
Because drug can
headache,
interfere with
hydrochloric
acid (HCl).
photosensitivity,
dizziness,
lightheadedness
Omeprazole
, arthritic and
accumulates in
the
secretory
canaliculus of
parietal cells as
45
Absorption of vitamin
B12, monitor for
anemia.
myalgic
Be aware that long-
symptoms,
term use of medication
paraesthesia.
may increase the risk of
The
following gastric carcinoma.
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
were reported in
a result of acid
isolated
cases:
trapping of the
photosensitivity,
protonated
bullous
specieis.
eruption,
Omeprazole is
erythema
a
prodrug
multiforme,
which
is
converted
at
StevensJohnson
low pH to a
syndrome, toxic
reactive
epidermal
sulfonamide
candidiasis,
intermediate
somnolence,
which binds to
insomnia,
sulfhydryl
vertigo.
46
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
Occurs
groups on the
predominantly
extracellular
in severity ill
sequence
of
patients:
the
catalytic
reversible
alpha
subunit
mental
of the enzyme
confusion,
(H+-
K+agitation,
ATPase). This
depression,
covalent
hallucinations
binding
inactivates the
H+-
K+-
ATPase,
leading
to
47
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
prolonged
inhibition
of
acid secretion.
Omeprazole
acts at the final
stage
in
the
formation
of
HCl and thus
inhibits
acid
secretion
induced by all
stimuli,
48
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
including
intracellular
mediators such
as cyclic AMP.
Omeprazole
has no effect
on
hepatic
blood flow or
renal
tubular
function.
Slight
Potassium
Acalka
Antiurolithic
The aim of the Treatment
of
The tablets must not be
gastrointestinal
Citrate
treatment is to patients
with
masticated or diluted.
disorders
49
may
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
restore
INDICATION
the renal
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
appear which
lithiasis
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
The active component
can be palliated
level
of
the and
of Acalka is contained
by means of the
urinary citrate hypocitraturia,
with a porous wax
joint
and to increase chronic
matrix. As this was
administration
the pH of urine formers
of
matrix is insoluble, it
of food.
to 6-7, and to calcium
can be eliminated in
this end, the oxalate,
visible form in the
dosage pattern phospate
feces. The active
are:
component, however,
calculia.
has been released in the
- In patients -
Uric
acid
gastrointestinal tract.
with
slight lithiasis alone
hypocitraturia
start
or
Must not be
the accompanied
treatment with by
50
calcium
administered to patients
receiving potassium-
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
a
dose
30mEq
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
of lithiasis
sparing diuretics
(3
(traimterene,
tabs/day,
spirolactone, or
divided into 3
amyloride).
takings daily. It
It is advisable to carry
is
out an evaluation of
recommended
electrolytes (Na-K-Cl)
to
take
the
and CO2, creatinine
tablets
30
and hemogram every 4
minutes
after
hrs.
meals. Approx
24
hrs
after
It is recommended that
having started
the patients in treatment
the treatment,
with Acalka follow a
51
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
make
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
diet w/o salt and
determination
increase the intake of
of
fluids.
urinary
citrate and pH,
The recommended
and adjust the
treatment in case of
dose
in
hyperpotassemia is: IV
accordance
administratioin f 10%
with the needs
dextrose solution,
of the patient.
containing 10-12 units
If
necessary,
of insulin/1000ml.
the dose can be
Correction of the
increased,
possible acidosis with
though it is not
IV sodium bicarboate
advisable
to
and hemodialysis or
52
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
exceed
dose
INDICATION
SIDE
EFFECTS
DOSAGE
the
of
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
peritoneal dialysis.
100
mEq
(10
tablets)/day.
Levetiracetam
Levetiracetam Keppra
Is an anti-epileptic The
exact Levetiracetam
Monitor & notify
is
(LEE-ve-tye-
drug, also called an mechanism by is indicated as
RA-se-tam)
anticonvulsant.
physician of difficulty
well
which
an
tolerated,
adjunctive
with gait or
[6]
Keppra is used to levetiracetam
generally
but
may
therapy in the
coordination.
cause
treat
partial
onset acts
to
seizures in adults and epilepsy
children who are at unknown.
treat treatment
of
drowsiness,
Lab tests: Periodic
weakness,
CBC with differential,
is partial seizures
with or without
unsteady
least 1 month old.
However,
gait, Hct & Hgb, LFTs.
the secondary
fatigue,
drug binds to a generalization
coordination
synaptic
in adults.
problems,
53
Monitor for changes in
phenytoin blood levels
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
vesicle
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
headache, pain,
In 2006, the
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
with coadministered
forgetfulness,
glycoprotein,
European
drugs.
anxiety,
SV2A,
and Commission
irritability
inhibits
approved
presynaptic
use
calcium
levetiracetam
channels
as
reducing
therapy in the
or Patient & Family
the
agitation,
Education
of
dizziness, mood
changes,
adjunctive
nervousness,
loss of appetite,
neurotransmitt
treatment
of
vomiting,
Do not drive or engage
in potentially hazardous
activities until response
to drug is known.
er release and myoclonic
acting
as
a seizures
neuromodulato
r.
This
believed
adults
in
diarrhea, throat Do not abruptly
pain,
discontinue drug.
constipation,
MUST use gradual
and
is adolescents 12
to years of age or
and changes in dose reduction/taper.
skin
54
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
impede
impulse
conduction
INDICATION
older
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
pigmentation.
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
with
Notify physician of
Serious
side
effects
may
juvenile
intention to become
myoclonic
pregnant.
include
across
epilepsy.
synapses.
2007,
In
depression,
the
hallucinations,
European
suicidal
Commission
thoughts,
approved
a
seizures that are
new indication
worse
or
for
different, fever,
levetiracetam
sore
as
throat,
adjunctive
signs
of
therapy in the
infection,
treatment
of
double
55
vision,
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
itching,
rash,
primary
swelling of the
generalized
face. A study
tonic-clonic
published
seizures
in
patients
with
2005
in
suggests
that the addition
idiopathic
of
pyridoxine
generalized
(vitamin
B6)
epilepsy.
may
some
curtail
of
the
psychiatric
symptoms.
Although rare,
Stevens56
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
Johnson
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
syndrome (SJS)
and
Toxic
Epidermal
Necrolysis
(TEN),
have
been reported in
patients treated
with
levetiracetam.
Recommendatio
ns
are
to
discontinue
leviteracetam
upon signs of
57
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
unexplained
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
rash. If signs or
symptoms
suggest
SJS/TEN,
of
this
use
drug
should not be
resumed
and
alternative
therapy should
be
The
considered.
incidence
of
SJS
following
exposure
58
to
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
anti-epileptics
such
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
as
Levetiracetam
is about 1 in
3,000
A meta-analysis
done in 2008
Journal
of
Neuropyschiatr
y Disease and
Treatment
compared three
studies
conducted
59
in
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
2000 analyzing
the
safety
of
therapeutic
doses
of
levetiracetam
for
patients
suffering partial
seizures in an
attempt to better
quantify
the
most
common
side
effects.
They found the
following
incidence
60
for
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Nursing
GENERIC
NAME
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
61
DOSAGE
SIDE
EFFECTS
769 patients
NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
