Reading 9
Students are responsible for familiarising themselves with the University Code of Student
Conduct, as on enrollment with the University the student has placed themselves under
the policies and regulations of the University and all of its duly constituted bodies.
Disciplinary authority is exercised through the Student Conduct Committee. The
Committee has procedures in place for hearing allegations of misconduct. Copies of the
student conduct code are available at the Student Services Office.
Academic dishonesty is never condoned by the University. This includes cheating and
plagiarism, which violate the Student Conduct Code and could result in expulsion or failing
the course.
Cheating includes but is not limited to obtaining or giving unauthorized help during an
examination, getting unauthorized information about the contents of an examination before
it is administered, using unauthorised sources of information during an examination,
altering or falsifying the record of any grades, altering or supplying answers after an
examination has been handed in, falsifying any official University record, and
misrepresenting the facts to get exemptions from or extensions to course requirements.
Plagiarism includes but is not limited to submitting any paper or other document, to satisfy
an academic requirement, which has been copied either in whole or in part from someone
elses work without identifying that person; failing to identify as a quotation a documented
idea that has not been thoroughly assimilated into the student's language and style, or
paraphrasing a passage so closely that the reader could be misled as to the source;
submitting the same written or oral material in different courses without
obtaining authorisation from the lecturers involved; or 'dry-labbing', which includes
obtaining and using experimental data from fellow students without the express consent of
the lecturer, utilizing experimental data and laboratory write-ups from other parts of the
course or from previous terms during which the course was conducted, and fabricating
data to fit the expected results.
1 - The Student Services Office familiarises students with the student code.
True
False
Not given
2 - Cheats will automatically be expelled because their behaviour cannot be
condoned.
True
False
Not given
3 - The text lists all activities that are considered to be cheating.
True
False
Not given
4 - According to the text, cheating is a more serious offence than plagiarism.
True
False
Not given
5 - It is never acceptable to paraphrase closely.
True
False
Not given
6 - Students can submit the same work in different courses as long as they ask
their lecturer and it is not their own.
True
False
Not given
7 - If students want to use other students' laboratory data, they must ask them
and the lecturer first.
True
False
Not given
8 - Data must fit the expected results.
True
False
Not given
Reading 10
India has two national languages for central administrative purposes: Hindi and English.
Hindi is the national, official, and main link language of India. English is an associate
official language. The Indian Constitution also officially approves twenty-two regional
languages for official purposes.
Dozens of distinctly different regional languages are spoken in India, which share many
characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages,
Hindi is used for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north of
India, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern
states of India, where people speak many different languages that are not much related to
Hindi, there is more resistance to Hindi, which has allowed English to remain a lingua
franca to a greater degree.
Since the early 1600s, the English language has had a toehold on the Indian subcontinent,
when the East India Company established settlements in Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai,
formerly Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay respectively. The historical background of India is
never far away from everyday usage of English. India has had a longer exposure to
English than any other country which uses it as a second language, its distinctive words,
idioms, grammar and rhetoric spreading gradually to affect all places, habits and culture.
In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic tool for the
administrative cohesiveness of the country, causing people who speak different languages
to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of wider communication, including a
large variety of different people covering a vast area. It overlaps with local languages in
certain spheres of influence and in public domains.
Generally, English is used among Indians as a link language and it is the first language
for many well-educated Indians. It is also the second language for many who speak more
than one language in India. The English language is a tie that helps bind the many
segments of our society together. Also, it is a linguistic bridge between the major countries
of the world and India.
English has special national status in India. It has a special place in the parliament,
judiciary, broadcasting, journalism, and in the education system. One can see a Hindispeaking teacher giving their students instructions during an educational tour about where
to meet and when their bus would leave, but all in English. It means that the language
permeates daily life. It is unavoidable and is always expected, especially in the cities.
The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly
because English has become the de facto standard. Learning English language has
become popular for business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for internet
communications throughout the world. English is a language that has become a standard
not because it has been approved by any standards organization but because it is widely
used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard.
The call centre phenomenon has stimulated a huge expansion of internet-related activity,
establishing the future of India as a cyber-technological super-power. Modern
communications, videos, journals and newspapers on the internet use English and have
made knowing English indispensable.
The prevailing view seems to be that unless students learn English, they can only work in
limited jobs. Those who do not have basic knowledge of English cannot obtain good
quality jobs. They cannot communicate efficiently with others, and cannot have the benefit
of Indias rich social and cultural life. Men and women who cannot comprehend and
interpret instructions in English, even if educated, are unemployable. They cannot help
with their childrens school homework everyday or decide their revenue options of the
future.
A positive attitude to English as a national language is essential to the integration of
people into Indian society. There would appear to be virtually no disagreement in the
community about the importance of English language skills. Using English you will become
a citizen of the world almost naturally. English plays a dominant role in the media. It has
been used as a medium for inter-state communication and broadcasting both before and
since Indias independence. India is, without a doubt, committed to English as a national
language. The impact of English is not only continuing but increasing.
1 - According to the writer, the Indian constitution recognises
A. 22 official languages.
B. Hindi as the national language.
C. 2 national, official languages.
D. 2 national languages.
2 - English's status as a lingua franca is helped by
3-
4-
5-
6-
A. its status in northern India.
B. the fact that it is widely understood in urban centres.
C. the fact that people from the south speak languages not much related to
Hindi.
D. it shares many grammatical similarities with Hindi.
In paragraph 3, 'toehold' means that English
A. dominated India.
B. changed the names of some cities in India.
C. has had a presence in India.
D. has been in India longer than any other language.
Hindi-speaking teachers
A. might well be heard using English.
B. only use English.
C. only use English for instructions.
D. do not use English.
In paragraph eight, it says 'the prevailing view', which suggests that
A. the view is correct.
B. the view is held by the majority.
C. the view is incorrect.
D. the view is held by the minority.
English in India
A. is going to decrease.
B. has decreased since independence.
C. causes disagreement.
D. is going to have a greater importance.
Reading 11
1) __________ between men and women results in poorer health for children and
greater 2) __________ for the family, 3) __________ to a new study. The UN agency
Unicef found that in places where women are 4) __________ from family decisions,
children are more likely to suffer from 5) __________. There would be 13 million 6)
__________ malnourished children in South Asia if women had an equal say in the family,
Unicef said.
Unicef 7) __________ family decision-making in 30 countries 8) __________ the world.
Their chief finding is that equality between men and women is vital to 9)
__________poverty and improving health, especially that of children, in developing
countries. The conclusions are contained in the agency's latest report. This report 10)
__________ to a greater 11) __________ of opportunities for girls and women in education and
work which contributes to disempowerment and poverty. Where men control the household, less
money is spent on health care and food for the family, which 12) __________in poorer health for
the children.
An increase in 13) __________ and income-earning opportunities for women would
increase their 14) __________ power, the report said. For example, the agency found
that 15) __________ has the greater share of household income and assets decides
whether those resources will be used for family needs.
1 Unequal
Inequal
Unequality
2 poor
poorness
poverty
impoverished
3 resulting
according
regarding
4 excluded
exclude
exclusion
5 ill-nourished
malnourish malnutrition
6 more
few
fewer
7 survey
surveying
surveys
8 in
around
over
9 increase
reduce
increasing
10 points
indicates
shows
11 lack
lacking
lacks
12 leads
result
lead
13 employ
employment employee
14 house
householder household
15 whatever
whoever
whichever
Inequality
with regard
excludes
ill-nutrition
least
surveyed
among
reducing
suggests
lacky
results
employed
home
however
