Exp No: 1
Date:
FAMILIARISATION OF OP-AMP IC
AIM: To familiarize with C741C operational amplifier IC and its electrical characteristics.
741 op amp IC
Insert the ICs (carefully to avoid bending their leads) into the wider strips, as shown above:
Plug an op-amp into the breadboard so that it straddles the gap between the top and bottom sections of the socket strip.
If you have wired the power buses as suggested above, Pin 1 should be to the left.
Warning:
Do not try to unplug the op-amp with your thumb and forefinger. Use the IC puller or tip of a pen for unplugging.
PARAMETER
Voltage Gain , A
Output Impedance, Ro
Input Resistance, Rin
Offset Current, Iio
Offset Voltage, Vio
Bandwidth, BW
Slew rate, SR
IDEAL
0
0
GENERAL PURPOSE 741 OPAMP
1 x 105
75
2M
20nA
2mV
1MHz
0.7 V/s
Throughout this experiment use the external dual DC Power Supply Unit shown in figure below.
Use the dual trace oscilloscope to observe the shape and to measure the amplitude of the input
and output waveforms.
To use the Power Supply Unit:
Turn the Power Supply ON. Adjust the voltage of the Power Supply to 15V. This will set both positive and
negative power sources respectively to +15V and 15V.
Turn the Power Supply OFF before connecting to the circuits.
Connect the POS terminal of the Power Supply to the Vcc+ of your circuit. Connect the NEG terminal of the
Power Supply to the Vcc- of your circuit. Connect the COM terminal of the Power Supply to the ground of
your circuit.
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 1
Front panel of power supply unit
SYMBOL OF OP-AMP
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF AN OPAMP
INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OP-AMP:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 2
Note:
To check whether an op-amp IC is good or not, apply a sine wave of very small amplitude to any input
terminal and observe the output. If the output is a square wave, the op-amp is a good one. If not, it is a bad IC.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 3
Exp No: 2
MEASUREMENT OF OP-AMP PARAMETERS
AIM: To measure the following parameters of an Op-amp
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Input bias current
Input offset current
Input offset voltage
CMRR
Slew rate
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
PROCEDURE:
I Input Offset Voltage
1.
2.
3.
4.
Connect the circuit as shown in figure.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
Measure the output voltage and record the result in the table given.
VoRf
5. Calculate the input offset voltage using the expression Vio
Rf Ri where Vo= output voltage and Vio=input
offset voltage.
6. Compare this value with the theoretical value.
II Input Bias Current
1.
2.
3.
4.
Set up the circuit as shown.
Measure the output voltage and record it in the table given.
Calculate IB1 and IB2 using the expressions Vo = IB1R. and Vo = IB2R.
The input bias current can be calculated as I = (IB1+IB2)/2.
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 4
5. Compare this value with the theoretical value.
III Input Offset Current
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reconnect the circuit as shown.
Follow the above steps 2 and 3.
The input offset current can be calculated as I = IB1-IB2.
Compare this value with the theoretical value.
IV Slew Rate
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Connect the circuit as illustrated in figure.
Apply a 1 KHz, 1 Vp-p sinusoidal signal as input.
Vary the input frequency and observe the output voltage.
Note down the frequency at which the output gets disturbed.
Record the values in the table.
6. Measure the slew rate using the expression, SR=
2fVm
V/ s.
10 6
Slew rate can also be measured using a zero crossing detector. For that
7. Feed a square wave as input.
8. Increase the frequency until rising and trailing edges of the output square wave becomes slanting or
the output voltage from the square wave looks like a triangular wave.
Vo
9. Slew rate can be obtained from the slope of trailing or leading edge as SR=
.
t
V CMRR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Set up the circuit for finding CMRR.
Apply an ac signal of 0.5V as input and measure Vo.
Calculate the common mode gain, Ac=Vo/Vi and differential mode gain, Ad=Rf/R1.
Then find CMRR as CMRR=Ad/Ac.
Express CMRR in dB using the expression 20 log (CMRR).
Result
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 5
OBSERVATION:
1. Input Offset Voltage
Vo(mV)
Vio(mV)
Theoretical Value
Actual Value
2. Input bias current
Vo(V)
IB1(nA)
IB2(nA)
I(nA)
Vo(V)
IB1(nA)
IB2(nA)
I(nA)
Theoretical Value
Actual Value
3. Input offset current
Theoretical Value
Actual Value
4. CMRR
Ac
Ad
CMRR
CMRR(dB)
Theoretical Value
Actual Value
5. Slew Rate
Vm(V)
Vo(V)
t(s)
SR(V/s)
Theoretical Value
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 6
Actual Value
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Input Offset Voltage
Input bias current
Input offset current
Slew Rate
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
CMRR
Slew Rate
Page 7
Exp No: 3
Date:
INVERTING & NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER AND VOLTAGE FOLLOWER
AIM: To design and set up the following basic op-amp circuits:
1) Inverting Amplifier
2) Non inverting Amplifier
3) Voltage Follower
And find out the frequency response characteristics.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
I Inverting Amplifier
A = -Rf/R1 (Voltage gain)
Take A =5
Rf = 5R1
Choose Rf = 10k, R1=2k
II Non-Inverting Amplifier
A = 1+ Rf/R1
Take A = 2
Rf = R1
Choose Rf = 10k, R1=10k
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 8
OBSERVATION:
1) Inverting Amplifier
Vi = 1V
f (Hz)
Vo(V)
Av(dB)
2) Non inverting Amplifier
Vi = 1V
f (Hz)
Vo(V)
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Av(dB)
Page 9
PROCEDURE:
I Inverting Amplifier
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Construct the inverting amplifier circuit shown in figure.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
Apply 1V amplitude, 1 kHz sinusoidal input signal to the amplifier.
Observe the input and output waveforms simultaneously on CRO.
Compare the phase of input and output signals.
Record the output waveform amplitude.
Increase the amplitude of the input until distortion occurs at the output.
Record the corresponding output amplitudes and plot a graph of the output amplitude vs the input amplitude.
II Non-Inverting Amplifier
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Construct the non-inverting amplifier as shown in the figure.
Apply 1V amplitude, 1 kHz sinusoidal input signal to the amplifier.
Observe Vin and Vo at the same time on the CRO.
Verify whether the output is in phase with the input.
Note down the output voltage by varying the frequency of the input signal.
Draw its frequency response characteristics.
III Voltage Follower
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wire up the voltage follower circuit.
Apply a sine wave of frequency 10 KHz, with amplitude of approximately 1.0 V to the circuit.
Observe Vin and Vo at the same time on the CRO.
Confirm that input and output amplitudes are equal.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 10
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Inverting Amplifier
Non inverting Amplifier
Voltage follower
MODEL GRAPH:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 11
Exp No:
Date:
DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER
AIM: To design and set up the Difference Amplifier circuits
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
Assume R1 = R2 and R f = R
V0=
Rf
R1
V2 V1
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 12
PROCEDURE:
DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER
1. Set up a difference amplifier circuit as shown in figure.
2. With Vi adjusted to produce a 1 V peak sine wave at 1 kHz, observe the output voltage V O (and Vi to note the phase
relationship) on an oscilloscope.
3. Sketch the output voltage waveform. Be sure to note the dc level in the output.
4. Interchange the 5 V dc power supply and the 1 V peak signal generator. Repeat procedure step 3.
5. Measure Vout for three or four different values of V1 and V2, and verify that Vo (V 1 V 2)
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 13
DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER
MODEL GRAPH
Difference Output
Exp No:
Date:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 14
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
AIM: To design and set up an instrumentation amplifier using three op-amps to obtain a overall gain of 900 given input
signal amplitude is 15mV and to measure the CMRR.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
Let Av1= Av2=
Av = 30
I 2 100 I B max
= 50A
Vin
R5
= 300 use 500 variable
I2
But AVdiff
2 R 4 R5
R5
R 4 3.9k
Vo
= 270K
I5
Rf
R1
=9k
Av 2
Rf
R1 R 2 9k
Rf R3 270 K
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 15
OBSERVATION:
Common Mode Gain
Vi(V)
Vo(V)
Ac
Vi(V)
Vo(V)
Ad
Differential Mode Gain
CMRR =
PROCEDURE:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 16
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Verify whether the op-amps are in good condition.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
Set up V1=0.5V dc and V2=0.4V dc and measure output voltage on CRO keeping R5 in maximum position
Repeat the step 4 by keeping R5 in minimum position. Note down the increase in gain. This is the difference
mode gain, Ad.
Vod
Ad
Vid
6) Feed V1=V2=0.5V and observe the gain keeping R5 in minimum position. This is the common mode gain Ac.
Voc
Ac
Vic
7) Calculate CMRR from the relation CMRR=20 log (Ad/Ac).
RESULT:
Exp No:
Date:
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS
AIM: To design and set up an astable multivibrator circuit using op amp whose frequency of operation = 1 KHz.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 17
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
Use R 2 1.16 R1 for equation f o
Let R1 10k Then
1
to be used
2 RC
R2= 11.6k
Choose C=0.05F and find R
R=10k
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 18
MODEL GRAPH
OBSERVATION:
No: of Divisions
X axis
Y axis
Time/div
(ms)
Volt/div
(V)
Amp(V)
Time Period
(ms)
Output
Voltage
Voltage
across
capacitor
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Give the circuit connections as per the circuit diagram.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
Observe the output from CRO.
Sketch the capacitor and output waveforms.
Measure the time period of the output voltage waveform and compare it with the designed value.
Repeat the procedure for different duty cycles.
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 19
RESULT:
Exp No:
Date:
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS
AIM: To design a monostable mutivibrator circuit for a pulse width of 1ms.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Specification / Range
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Quantity
Page 20
Op amp
Resistors
Capacitors
Diode
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 21
OBSERVATION:
No: of Divisions
X axis
Y axis
Time/div
(ms)
Volt/div
(V)
Amp(V)
Time Period
(ms)
Output
Voltage
Voltage
across
capacitor
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Construct the circuit connections as per the circuit diagram.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
Adjust the signal generator to produce a 2V p-p, 200Hz square wave at the trigger input.
Observe the output from CRO.
Sketch the input and output waveforms.
Measure the pulse width of the output voltage waveform and compare it with the designed value.
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 22
RESULT:
Exp No:
Date:
SCHMITT TRIGGER
AIM: To design and set up a Schmitt Trigger using op-amp for an LTP = 2V and a UTP = 3V.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 23
CRO
DESIGN:
Assume
UTP =
LTP=
Vo
= Vcc-1V = 14v
( Vo VF ) R 2
R1 R 2
( Vo VF ) R 2
R3 R 2
Here R 2
VR 2
I2
Where VR 2 is either UTP or LTP
I 2 is assumed as 50A
PROCEDURE:
1. Make connections according to the circuit diagram.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Adjust the signal generator to produce a 5Vp-p, 1 KHz sine wave as the input.
5. Verify the input and output simultaneously on CRO.
6. Measure and record the output amplitude and frequency.
7. Observe the hysterisis curve on CRO by keeping the time/div knob of CRO in x-y mode and feed V in to the
x-channel and Vo to the y-channel.
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 24
RESULT:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH
Hysterisis curve
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 25
Exp No:
Date:
TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM GENERATOR
AIM: To design a triangular wave generator using op amp whose frequency of operation = 1 KHz.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
2
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 26
Assume R1= 10k, R2=10K, R3=20K C=0.01F and Vsat 14V
f0
R3
=500Hz
4 R1C R2
The Peak value of triangular wave is given by
VP
R2
Vsat =7V
R3
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 27
OBSERVATION:
No: of Divisions
X axis
Y axis
Time/div
(ms)
Volt/div
(V)
Amp(V)
Time Period
(ms)
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Make the circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
Measure the output voltage and time period and plot the output waveform.
Observe the change in the frequency of the output waveform by varying the values of resistances R 1, R2 and R3.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 28
Exp No:
Date:
RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATORS
AIM: To design and set up an RC phase shift oscillator using op-amp whose frequency of oscillation = 1 KHz.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 29
CRO
DESIGN:
Assume C=0.1F
The frequency of oscillation is given by
1
fo
2 6 RC
Therefore R=650
To prevent the RC network from loading the amplifier it is selected such that R1 10 R
Thus we get R1 =6.5K
R f 29R1 =188K assume approximate value
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 30
MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION:
No: of Divisions
X axis
Y axis
Time/division
Volt/division
Amp(V)
Time(ms)
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Check whether the op-amp is in good condition.
The circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
The amplitude and frequency of the sine wave is noted and the waveform is drawn.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 31
Exp No:
Date:
WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATORS
AIM: To design and set up a Wien Bridge oscillator with and without amplitude stabilization using an op-amp for a
frequency = 2 KHz.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Specification / Range
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Quantity
Page 32
Op amp
Resistors
Capacitors
Diode
JFET
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
I) Design of Wien Bridge oscillator without amplitude stabilization
The frequency of oscillation is given by
1
f
2CR
Assume C=0.05F
Therefore R=1.592K use approx value 1.8K
R f 2 R1 3.6k Use standard value 3.3 k
II) Design of Wien Bridge oscillator with amplitude stabilization using Diodes
Here Rf =R2+R3
RF
should be 3
R1
Assuming R1=1.8K we get RF =3.6K
2VF
R2
Assuming I1 =1mA, R2=1.4K.
I1
Thus R3=2.2k
For sustained oscillation AV 1
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 33
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WBO with Amplitude Stabilization
MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION:
No: of Divisions
X axis
Y axis
Time/div
(ms)
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Volt/div
(V)
Amp(V)
Time Period
(ms)
Page 34
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Check whether the op-amp is in good condition.
The circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
Observe the output waveform on the CRO and measure the amplitude and time period of the sine wave.
Plot the output waveform.
Set up the circuit for amplitude stabilization.
Adjust the potentiometer to get the sine wave without any distortion and clipping.
Repeat the steps 5 and 6.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 35
Exp No:
Date:
PRECISION RECTIFIERS
AIM: To design and set up precision half wave and full wave rectifier circuits.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Diode
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
I) For Half Wave Rectifier
To produce a 2V peak output from a sine wave input with a peak value of 0.5V and frequency of 1 KHz.
Let I1 = 500A
R1
Vo
Vi
0.5V
2V
= 500 A 1k and R2
= 500 A 4k (use 3.9k standard value)
I1
I1
R3 = R1
R2 = 1k 3.9k =796 (use 820 standard value).
II) For Full Wave Rectifier
To produce a 2V peak output from a sine wave input with a peak value of 0.5V and frequency of 1 KHz.
Let I1 = 500A
R1
Vi
0.5V
= 500 A 1k and
I1
R3 = R1
R2 = 2 R1= 2K (use 1.8K standard value)
R2 = 1k 2k =670 (use 680 standard value)
R4 = R5 =R1 = 1K
For the output to be 2V when the input is 0.5V
R6
Vo
R5 = 2V 1K 4k (use 3.9k standard value)
VI
0.5V
R 7 = R4
R5
R6 = 1k 1k 3.9k = 443 (use 470 standard value)
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 36
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Half Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier
MODEL GRAPH:
Half Wave Rectifier
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Full Wave Rectifier
Page 37
OBSERVATION:
No: of Divisions
X axis
Y axis
Time/div
(ms)
Volt/div
(V)
Amp(V)
Time Period
(ms)
PROCEDURE:
a) Half Wave Rectifier
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b)
The connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
Calibrate the CRO.
A sine wave input in the order of mill volts is fed from the function generator.
The voltage and time period of the input and rectified waveforms are measured.
Plot the input and output waveforms.
Full Wave Rectifier
1.
2.
3.
4.
The connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
A sine wave input in the order of mill volts is fed from the function generator.
The voltage and time period of the input and rectified waveforms are measured.
Plot the input and output waveforms.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 38
Exp No:
Date:
ACTIVE SECOND ORDER FILTERS - LOW PASS FILTER
AIM: (i) To design and set up a second order low pass filter for a cut off frequency f o = 1 KHz.
(ii) To tabulate output voltage for various input frequencies by keeping input voltage constant.
(iii) To plot the gainVs frequency and find the 3dB cutoff frequency.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
Assume C 2 0.01 F, f 1K Hz
XC1 R2 .
1
R2 .
2 fC 2
R2
1
R2 . 11.6 K
2 fC 2
R3 R2 . 11.6 K 10 K 1K
C2 C3 0.01 F
for second order
RF
1 R1 1.586
Assume R1 10K
then RF 5.86K 5.6 K 270
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 39
MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION:
Vin=1V
f(Hz)
Vo (V)
Av(dB)
PROCEDURE:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 40
1. Construct the second order low pass filter circuit shown in the figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Apply a 1V, 100 Hz sinusoidal input signal and note down the output displayed on the oscilloscope.
5. Keeping the input amplitude constant increase the frequency of the input signal.
6. Record the output voltage and frequency on the tabular column.
7. Plot the frequency response characteristics and mark the filter cut off frequency.
RESULT:
Exp No:
Date:
ACTIVE SECOND ORDER FILTERS - HIGH PASS FILTER
AIM: (i) To design and set up a second order high pass filter for a cut off frequency f o = 1 KHz.
(ii) To tabulate output voltage for various input frequencies by keeping input voltage constant.
(iii) To plot the gain vs frequency and find the 3dB cutoff frequency.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Specification / Range
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Quantity
Page 41
Op amp
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
Assume C 2 0.01 F, f 1K Hz
XC1 R2 .
1
R2 .
2 fC 2
R2
1
R2 . 11.6 K
2 fC 2
R3 R2 . 11.6 K 10 K 1K
C2 C3 0.01 F
for second order
RF
1 R1 1.586
Assume R1 10K
then RF 5.86K 5.6 K 270
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 42
OBSERVATION:
Vin=1V
f(Hz)
Vo (V)
Av(dB)
PROCEDURE:
1. Construct the second order high pass filter circuit shown in the figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Apply a 1V, 100 Hz sinusoidal input signal and note down the output displayed on the oscilloscope.
5. Keeping the input amplitude constant increase the frequency.
6. Record the output voltage and frequency on the tabular column.
7. Plot the frequency response characteristics and mark the filter cut off frequency.
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 43
RESULT:
Exp No:
Date:
ACTIVE SECOND ORDER FILTERS - BAND PASS FILTER
AIM: (i) To design and set up a second order band pass filter for a center frequency f o = 1 KHz and a pass band of
Approximately 33Hz on each side of 1 KHz
(ii) To tabulate output voltage for various input frequencies by keeping input voltage constant.
(iii) To plot the gain Vs frequency and find the 3dB cutoff frequency.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 44
DESIGN:
R1
R2
2
R2 2QX C at f o
R4
R1
2Q 2 1
From given above B= 66Hz
Q=
fo
= 15.2
B
Assume R3 R2 =120K
2Q
0.0403F
Thus C=
2f o R2
Choose the value of C1 = C2 = C
R2
= 60K
2
R1
R4
= 130.13 (use 150 standard value)
2Q 2 1
R1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 45
OBSERVATION:
Vin=1V
f(Hz)
Vo (V)
Av(dB)
PROCEDURE:
1. Construct the second order band pass filter circuit shown in the figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Apply a 1V, 100 Hz sinusoidal input signal and note down the output displayed on the oscilloscope.
5. Vary the input frequency keeping the input amplitude constant.
6. Record the output voltage and frequency on the tabular column.
7. Plot the frequency response characteristics and mark the filter cut off frequency.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 46
Exp No:
Date:
ACTIVE SECOND ORDER FILTERS - BAND STOP FILTER
AIM:
(i) To design and set up a second order band pass filter for a cut off frequency f N = 1 KHz
(ii) To tabulate output voltage for various input frequencies by keeping input voltage constant.
(iii) To plot the gainVs frequency and find the 3dB cutoff frequency.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
Assume C=0.01F
1
fN
2RC
The value of is calculated by
1
R
2f N C
For R/2 use two R resistors in parallel for 2C connect two resistors in parallel
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 47
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION:
Vin=1V
f(Hz)
Vo (V)
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Av(dB)
Page 48
PROCEDURE:
1. Construct the second order notch filter circuit shown in the figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Apply a 1V, 100 Hz sinusoidal input signal and note down the output displayed on the oscilloscope.
5. Vary the input frequency keeping the input amplitude constant.
6. Record the output voltage and frequency on the tabular column.
7. Plot the frequency response characteristics and mark the filter cut off frequency.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 49
Exp No:
Date:
IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS
AIM: To familiarize with the electrical characteristics of 723 general purpose voltage regulators.
PINOUT DIAGRAM
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
INFORMATION FROM DATASHEET:
150 mA output current without external pass transistor
Output currents in excess of 10A possible by adding external transistors
Input voltage 40V max
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 50
Output voltage adjustable from 2V to 37V
Can be used as either a linear or a switching regulator
Exp No:
Date:
LOW VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING 723 IC
AIM: To design and set up low voltage regulator and fold back voltage regulator using 723 voltage regulator IC. Output
voltage = 6 V.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Voltage Regulator IC
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Bread board
DESIGN:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 51
OBSERVATION:
Low voltage regulator
Line Regulation
Vin(V)
Load Regulation
IL(mA)
Vo(V)
Vo(V)
Low voltage regulator using fold back
Line Regulation
Vin(V)
Load Regulation
Vo(V)
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
IL(mA)
Vo(V)
Page 52
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Low Voltage Regulator
LVR with Current Fold Back
MODEL GRAPH:
Low Voltage Regulator
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 53
LVR with Fold Back
PROCEDURE:
1. Check the IC and set up the circuit on the bread board as shown.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Apply Vin from an unregulated power supply.
5. Connect a milli-ammeter and a rheostat in series with the output and connect a voltmeter in parallel.
6. To obtain the load regulation, vary the input and note down the corresponding variation in the output voltage.
7. To obtain the line regulation, vary the rheostat from no load to full load and observe the corresponding current
and voltage.
8. The line and load regulation characteristics can be plotted from the readings.
9. The same procedure can be repeated for fold back regulator.
10. For fold back regulators load regulation, after a particular point the voltage and current decreases suddenly from
a point. Note this point correctly.
11. Calculate the % load regulation using the expression:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
VNL VFL
x 100.
VNL
Page 54
RESULT:
Exp No:
Date:
HIGH VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING 723 IC
AIM: To design and set up high voltage regulator and fold back voltage regulator using 723 voltage regulator IC. Output
voltage = 12 V.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Voltage Regulator IC
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Bread board
DESIGN:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 55
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
OBSERVATION:
Line Regulation
Vin(V)
Load Regulation
Vo(V)
IL(mA)
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Vo(V)
Page 56
PROCEDURE:
1. Check the IC and set up the circuit on the bread board as shown.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Apply Vin from an unregulated power supply.
5. To obtain the load regulation, vary the input and note down the corresponding variation in the output voltage.
6. To obtain the line regulation, vary the rheostat from no load to full load and observe the corresponding current
and voltage.
7. The line and load regulation characteristics can be plotted from the readings.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 57
Exp No:
Date:
FILTER USING GYRATOR CIRCUIT
AIM: To facilitate the simulation of inductance using op-amp and use it for setting up a BPF circuit.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
Design:
Assume f 0 2 KHz and
Q = 25
Where
1 /
LC
Q R C/L
Choose C=10nF so that L=0.633H
Thus R Q / L / C =199k assume 200k
Assume C 2 C =10nF
But
R1 R3 R4 R5 L / C 2 = 7.96 k
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 58
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION:
Vin=1mV
f (Hz)
Vo (V)
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Av in dB
Page 59
PROCEDURE:
1. Check the IC and set up the circuit on the bread board as shown.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Apply Vin from a signal generator.
5. Vary the input and note down the corresponding variation in the output voltage.
6. The frequency response characteristics can be plotted from the readings.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 60
Exp No:
Date:
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS - COUNTER RAMP
AIM: To design and set up a counter ramp ADC using op amp.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
NAND IC
Comparator IC
Counter IC
Resistors
Signal Generator
Power Supply
Bread board
CRO
PIN OUT DIAGRAM OF LM 311
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 61
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
OBSERVATION
Vin (V)
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
S0
OUTPUT
S1
S2
S3
Page 62
PROCEDURE:
1. Set up the circuit in the bread board as shown in figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Vary the dc voltage from 0 to 5V in steps.
5. Note the digital output from CRO.
6. Tabulate the input and output and plot it.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 63
Exp No:
Date:
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS - FLASH ADC
AIM: To design and set up a flash ADC using op amp.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Comparator IC
Specification / Range
Quantity
NAND IC
Resistors
LEDs
Power Supply
Bread board
PINOUT OF LM 324
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 64
DESIGN:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 65
PROCEDURE:
1. Test the ICs and set up the circuit on the bread board as shown.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Vary the analog input from 0 to 5V and observe the output bits by placing LEDs.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 66
Exp No:
Date:
DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS - LADDER CIRCUIT
AIM: To design and set up an R- 2R ladder DAC circuit
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Capacitors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
DESIGN:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 67
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
OBSERVATION
23
Digital Input
22
21
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
20
Output
Page 68
PROCEDURE:
1. Assemble the circuit as illustrated in figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Observe the corresponding output of the op amp for different digital inputs.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 69
Exp No:
Date:
WINDOW DETECTOR
AIM: To design and set up a window detector to detect the voltage level between 2V and 3V using op-amps.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
Op amp
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Diodes
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
CRO
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 70
DESIGN:
PROCEDURE:
1. Assemble the circuit on the bread board illustrated in figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Apply a low frequency sine wave of amplitude 10V as input.
5. Observe the output on CRO.
6. For detecting negative peak voltage, reverse the directions of both diodes.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 71
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 72
MODEL GRAPH:
Exp No:
Date:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 73
GENERAL DESCRIPTION LM555 TIMER
The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are
provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely
controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running
frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit
may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to 200mA or
drive TTL circuits.
Exp No:
Date:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 74
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
AIM: To design and set up a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer Ic to obtain.
a. 50% duty cycle
b. 70% duty cycle
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
LM555
Specification / Range
Quantity
Resistors
Power Supply
Signal generator
Bread board
Capacitor
CRO
Design: Monostable multivibrator for T 1ms
T 1.1RC
C 0.1F
RA
1m
10 K
0.1 * 1.1
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 75
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
Trigger input
Output at pin 3
Output at pin 6
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 76
PROCEDURE:
1. Assemble the circuit as illustrated in figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Observe the corresponding output of the op amp for different digital inputs.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 77
Exp No:
Date:
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
AIM: To design and set up a astable multivibrator using 555 timer Ic.
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Equipments / Components
LM555
Specification / Range
Quantity
1
Resistors
Power Supply
Bread board
Capacitor
CRO
Design: Astable Multivibrator for T=1ms
TON = 0.69( R A + RB )*C
TOFF = 0.69 RB * C
T = TON + TOFF
T = 0.69( R A +2 RB )*C
f = 1/T =
1.45
( R A 2 RB )C
TOFF
*100
T
RB
100
D=
( R A 2 RB )
Let TON =0.7 m sec and TOFF =0.3ms
Choose C = 0.1f
% Duty cycle D =
We get R A =6.8K and RB =4.7 K
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 78
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH:
Output at pin 3
Output at pin 6
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 79
PROCEDURE:
1. Assemble the circuit as illustrated in figure.
2. Manually trace the circuit to check the correctness of physical connection.
3. Calibrate the CRO.
4. Observe the corresponding output of the op amp for different digital inputs.
RESULT:
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL
Page 80
