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Fowler Index

This document is the report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against UNITA. It finds that UNITA has engaged in extensive sanctions busting related to arms, petroleum, diamonds, finances, representation and travel. It provides details on how UNITA has procured each of these goods and assets despite the sanctions. It concludes that the sanctions have not been fully effective and makes 39 recommendations to strengthen the sanctions regime.

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45 views5 pages

Fowler Index

This document is the report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against UNITA. It finds that UNITA has engaged in extensive sanctions busting related to arms, petroleum, diamonds, finances, representation and travel. It provides details on how UNITA has procured each of these goods and assets despite the sanctions. It concludes that the sanctions have not been fully effective and makes 39 recommendations to strengthen the sanctions regime.

Uploaded by

Leon Kukkuk
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNITED

NATIONS
S
Security Council
Distr.
GENERAL

S/2000/203
10 March 2000

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED 10 MARCH 2000 FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SECURITY


COUNCIL COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO RESOLUTION 864 (1993)
CONCERNING THE SITUATION IN ANGOLA ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT
OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL

I have the honour to transmit herewith the final report of the Panel of
Experts established by the Security Council pursuant to resolution 1237 (1999)
of 7 May 1999.

I would be grateful if this report were circulated to members of the


Security Council for their information and issued as a document of the Security
Council.

(Signed) Robert R. FOWLER


Chairman
Security Council Committee established
pursuant to resolution 864 (1993)
concerning the situation in Angola
S/2000/203
English
Page 2

Annex I

Letter dated 28 February 2000 from the Chairman of the Panel of


Experts established by the Security Council pursuant to
resolution 1237 (1999) addressed to the Chairman of the Security
Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 864
(1993)
concerning the situation in Angola

I have pleasure in submitting the report of the Panel of Experts


established by the Security Council pursuant to resolution 1237 (1999) (see
enclosure).

(Signed) Anders MOLLANDER


Ambassador
Chairman, Expert Panel

/...
S/2000/203
English
Page 3

Enclosure

REPORT OF THE PANEL OF EXPERTS ON VIOLATIONS OF SECURITY COUNCIL


SANCTIONS AGAINST UNITA

CONTENTS

Paragraphs Page

INTRODUCTION ................................................ 1 - 12 6

I. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON ARMS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT ...... 13 - 58 9

A. Findings relating to arms and military equipment .. 14 - 50 10

1. How UNITA procured arms and military equipment 15 - 38 10

2. The source of origin of UNITA's arms and


training ...................................... 39 - 46 17

3. Types of arms and military equipment used and


imported by UNITA ............................. 47 - 49 19

4. Military cooperation with UNITA in the


Democratic Republic of the Congo .............. 50 20

B. Conclusions relating to arms and military equipment 51 20

C. Recommendations relating to arms and military


equipment (recommendations 1-7) ................... 52 - 58 20

II. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS . 59 - 74 22

A. Findings relating to petroleum and petroleum


products .......................................... 60 - 68 22

1. The supply of petroleum products to UNITA


1993-1998 ..................................... 61 - 63 22

2. The supply of petroleum products to UNITA from


January 1999 .................................. 64 - 66 23

3. Refuelling of aircraft coming from UNITA-


controlled areas .............................. 67 24

4. Commercial smuggling of petroleum into UNITA-


controlled areas .............................. 68 24

B. Conclusions relating to petroleum and petroleum


products .......................................... 69 25

CONTENTS (continued)

/...
S/2000/203
English
Page 4

Paragraphs Page

C. Recommendations relating to petroleum and petroleum


products (recommendations 8-12) ................... 70 - 74 25

III. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON DIAMONDS ......................... 75 - 114 26

A. Findings relating to diamonds ..................... 76 - 105 27

1. The significance of diamonds for UNITA ........ 77 27

2. How UNITA comes to possess diamonds ........... 78 - 79 27

3. How UNITA exchanges diamonds for commodities or


cash .......................................... 80 - 81 27

4. Where UNITA goes to sell its diamonds ......... 82 - 86 28

5. Easy access of smuggled diamonds into


international markets ......................... 87 - 93 30

6. The problem within Angola ..................... 94 - 98 31

7. Diamonds as a tool for buying friends and


supporters .................................... 99 - 104 32

8. Diamonds as a means of stockpiling wealth ..... 105 34

B. Conclusions relating to diamonds .................. 106 - 108 34

C. Recommendations relating to diamonds


(recommendations 13-18) ........................... 109 - 114 35

IV. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON UNITA FINANCES AND ASSETS ........ 115 - 128 36

A. Findings relating to UNITA finances and assets .... 116 - 123 36

1. The sources of UNITA's financing .............. 117 36

2. How UNITA holds its assets .................... 118 - 119 37

3. Efforts by UNITA to circumvent the financial


sanctions ..................................... 120 - 123 37

B. Conclusions relating to UNITA finances and assets . 124 - 125 38

C. Recommendations relating to UNITA finances and


assets (recommendations 19-21) .................... 126 - 128 39

/...
S/2000/203
English
Page 5

CONTENTS (continued)

Paragraphs Page

V. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON UNITA REPRESENTATION AND TRAVEL


ABROAD ................................................ 129 - 162 39

A. Findings relating to UNITA representation and


travel abroad ..................................... 130 - 154 39

1. Why the representation and travel sanctions are


important to UNITA ............................ 131 40

2. How UNITA offices abroad operate .............. 132 - 135 40

3. What UNITA's representatives abroad do ........ 136 41

4. How UNITA personnel travel .................... 137 - 138 42

5. The key UNITA representation centres abroad ... 139 - 154 42

B. Conclusions relating to UNITA representation and


travel abroad ..................................... 155 - 156 46

C. Recommendations relating to UNITA representation


and travel abroad (recommendations 22-27) ......... 157 - 162 47

VI. RELATED MATTERS ....................................... 163 - 181 48

A. The role of transport in sanctions busting ........ 163 - 167 48

B. The shooting down of the United Nations aircraft .. 168 - 169 50

C. Recommendations on related matters


(recommendations 28-39) ........................... 170 - 181 50

CONCLUSION ............................................ 182 - 184 53

/...

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