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This document provides lessons from TalkToMeInKorean.com on basic Korean greetings, saying "yes" and "no", and bidding farewell. Key points include: - "Annyeonghaseyo" is the most common Korean greeting, meaning "hello" or "hi". - When answering yes/no questions in Korean, "ne" means "that's right" for yes and "aniyo" means "that's not right" for no, opposite of English. - To say goodbye when leaving, say "annyeonghi gaseyo" and when others leave say "annyeonghi gyeseyo", both containing "annyeong" meaning "peace

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

611 views79 pages

Level 1

Uploaded by

felfelrocks

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TalkToMeInKorean.

com - Free Korean Lesson Notes

LEVEL 1 LESSON 1

. = Hello. / Hi. / How are you? / Good afternoon. / Good evening. / etc...

+ = .
[an-nyeong] [ha-se-yo]

= well-being, peace, health

= you do, do you?, please do

is the most common way of greeting someone in Korean, and is in

[ jondaetmal], polite/formal language. When someone greets you with , you
can simply greet the person back with .

Sample Conversation
A: . [annyeong-haseyo] = Hello.
B: . [annyeong-haseyo] = Hi.

. = Thank you.

+ = .
[gam-sa] [hap-ni-da]

= appreciation, thankfulness, gratitude

= I do, I am doing

is the most commonly used formal way of saying Thank you. means grati-
tude and means I do or I am doing in , polite/formal language, so together it
means Thank you. You can use this expression, , whenever you want to say Thank
you. in English.

This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com.
Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKoreans free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who
is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes
LEVEL 1 LESSON 2

After listening to this lesson, when you are asked a YES/NO question, you will be able to answer
that question with either YES or NO in Korean.

/
In Korean, Yes is [ne] and No is [aniyo] in , polite language.
[ jondaetmal]

. [ne] = Yes.
. [aniyo] = No.

But in Korean, when people say , it is not the same as saying Yes. in English. The same
goes for too. This is because the Korean expresses your agreement to what the
other person said. And expresses your disagreement or denial to what the other
person said.

For example,
someone asks you You dont like coffee? ( ? [keo-pi an jo-a-hae-yo?] in Korean) and if
your answer is No, I dont like coffee. you have to say .

Strange?
So it is more accurate to put it this way.

. [ne] = Thats right. / I agree. / Sounds good. / What you said is correct.
. [aniyo] = Thats not right. / I dont agree. / What you said is not correct.

Therefore, when you ask You dont like coffee? in Korean, if the person answering doesnt like
coffee, he/she will say No. in English but in Korean. And if the person DOES like coffee,
he/she will say Yes. but in Korean.

? [keo-pi jo-a-hae-yo?] = Do you like coffee?

. . [ne. jo-a-hae-yo] = Yes, I like coffee.

? [keo-pi jo-a-hae-yo?] = Do you like coffee?

. . [aniyo. an jo-a-hae-yo] = No, I dont like coffee.

? [keo-pi an jo-a-hae-yo?] = You dont like coffee?

. . [aniyo. jo-a-hae-yo] = Yes, I like coffee.

? [keo-pi an jo-a-hae-yo?] = You dont like coffee?

. . [ne. an jo-a-hae-yo] = No, I dont like coffee.

You dont have to worry about the other parts of the sample sentences above. Just remember
that the Korean system for saying YES and NO is different from the English system.

is more than just YES or THATS RIGHT.

While [ne] is used to express Yes or Thats right, it is also used as a conversation filler.
If you listen to two Korean people talking with each other, you will hear them saying quite
often, even when it is not intended to mean Yes.

So two people can have a conversation like this. Imagine it is all in Korean.

A: You know what, I bought this book yesterday,

B: . [ne]
A: and I really like it.
B: .
A: But its a bit too expensive.
B: .
A: Do you know how much it was?
B: How much was it?
A: It was 100 dollars!
B: ? [ne?]
A: So I paid the money with my credit card.
B: ...

So, as you can see from the dialog above, [ne] is a multi-player. It can be:

Yes. / Thats right

but also,

I see. / I got it. / Im here! (when someone calls you) / I understand. / Ah-ha. / etc...

.
Because [ne] and [aniyo] are focused more on your agreement and disagreement
rather than whether something is true or not, and ALSO because can mean I see. or Ah-ha.
as well, Korean people often add this expression, [ma-ja-yo] after [ne].

, . [ne, ma-ja-yo] = Yes, thats right.

This is in order to express more strongly and clearly that you are saying Youre right. rather than
sounding like you are just passively listening, while nodding.

again.
is amazing. It can be many things already, but it can also be What did you say?

Suppose someone said something to you but you couldnt hear the person well or you werent
paying much attention. Then you can say ? [ne?] to mean Pardon me? Im sorry? What
did you say? I didnt hear you well. You can also use ? to show your surprise.

A: I bought a present for you.

B: ? [ne?]
A: I said I bought a present for you?
B: ?
A: Forget it.
B: ?

After listening to this lesson, you will be able to say good-bye in Korean.

Do you remember how to say Hello. in Korean?

. [an-nyeong-ha-se-yo]

If you remember , that is fantastic. And if you even remember that in

means peace and well-being, that is even more fantastic.

[an-nyeong] = well-being, peace, health

And in Korean, when you say Good-bye in formal/polite Korean, [ jondaetmal], there
are two types of expressions, and both of these expressions have the word [an-nyeong] in
them.

One is when you are the one who is leaving.

And the other is when you are the one who is staying.

If you are leaving, and the other person is (or the other people are) staying, you can say:

. [an-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo]

If you are staying, an the other person is (or the other people are) leaving, you can say:

. [an-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo]
For now, dont worry about the literary meaning of the expressinos and just learn them as they
are, but if you are really curious and if we were forced to translate these greetings, they would
be translated like this.

. = Stay in peace.

. = Go in peace.

But again, dont worry about the literal meaning of these greetings JUST YET!

** One tip Hyunwoo would like to give you:

When Korean people say [an-nyeong-ha-se-yo], [an-nyeong-hi gye-

se-yo] or [an-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo], they dont always pronounce EVERY single
letter clearly. So often times, what you would hear is just the ending part, [se-yo].

So you can deliberately sound more fluent by just saying [se-yo] for all of these occasions.

After listening to this lesson, you will be able to say I am sorry or I apologize and you will
also be able to get someones attention when you want to say something to them or order
something in a restaurant.

. [joe-song-hap-mi-da]

Do you remember how to say Thank you in Korean?

It is . [gam-sa-ham-ni-da]

If you also remember that is basically (appreciation or thankfulness) plus

(I do), you can assume that is also plus .

[joe-song] means apology, being sorry or feeling ashamed, and [hap-ni-

da] means I do, so [ joe-song-hap-ni-da] means I am sorry. or I apologize.

is NOT always Im sorry.

Even though [ joe-song-hap-ni-da] is BASICALLY Im sorry, you cant use
when you want to say I am sorry to hear that.

Many Korean people actually get confused when they talk about some bad news to their Eng-
lish-speaking friends and hear Im sorry from them.

If you say Im sorry. after you hear a piece of bad news from your Korean friend, he or she
might say Why are YOU apologizing for that? to you.

This is because ONLY means I apologize., It was my bad., Excuse me. or I

shouldnt have done that. It can never mean Im sorry to hear that.

. [jeo-gi-yo]

In English, you can use the expression Excuse me. in all of the following situations.

1) when you are passing through a crowd of people

2) when you are leaving the room for a second

3) when you want to get someones attention and talk to them or let them know something

4) when you want to call the waiter in a restaurant or a cafe to order something

[jeo-gi-yo] is an expression that can be translated to Excuse me but this Korean

expression, is ONLY used for situation number 3 and 4 above.

How do you say Excuse me. when you want to pass through?
You can say:

. [ jam-si-man-yo] (literal meaning: Just a second.)

. [ joe-song-ham-ni-da] (literal meaning: I am sorry.)
. [ jam-kkan-man-yo] (literal meaning: Just a second.)
** Yes, jamsimanyo and jamkkanmanyo are the same thing.

These are the most commonly used expressions. You dont have to memorize them right now,
but they are just good to know!

After studying with this lesson, you will be able to say things like A is B(noun). or I am
ABC(noun). in polite/formal Korean.

/ [i-e-yo / ye-yo]
and have a similar role to that of the English verb to be. The fundamental
difference, however, is the sentence structure that they are used in.

English sentence structure:

ABC + [be] + DEF.

** DEF is a noun here.

Ex)
ABC is DEF.
I am ABC.
You are XYZ.

Korean sentence structure:

ABC + DEF + [be]

** DEF is a noun here.

Ex)
ABC. [i-geo ABC-ye-yo] = This is ABC.

In English, the verb to be is changed to am are or is depending on the subject of the

sentence, but in Korean, you decide whether to use [i-e-yo] or [ye-yo] depending
on whether the last letter in the previous word ended in a consonant or a vowel. and
are very similar and also sound similar so it is not such a big problem if you mix up these
two, but it is better to know the correct forms.

When you want to say that ABC is DEF in Korean, if the word for DEF has a final consonant
in the last letter, you add [i-e-yo], but if it doesnt have a final consonant and ends in
a vowel, you add [ye-yo]. This is just to make the pronounciation of the connected part
easier, so it will come naturally if you practice with some sample sentences.

Final consonant + [i-e-yo]

No final consonant (Only vowel) + [ye-yo]

Sample sentences

. = + [mul + i-e-yo]
(Its) water.

. = + [ga-bang + i-e-yo]
(Its) a bag.

. = + [sa-mu-sil + i-e-yo]
(Its) an office.

. = + [hak-gyo + ye-yo]
(Its) a school.

. = + [ jeo + ye-yo]
(Its) me.

As you can see from the examples above, in Korean, you dont have to use articles like a/an
or the as in English. So when you look up a noun in your Korean dictionary, you can add
or and then it means It is ABC. That is DEF. I am XYZ.

You can also make this a question simply by raising the tone at the end of the sentence.

. [mul-i-e-yo] = Its water.

? [mul-i-e-yo?] = Is that water? Is this water?

. [hak-gyo-ye-yo] = Its a school.

? [hak-yo-ye-yo] = Is it a school? Are you at school now?

[mwo] = what
? [mwo-ye-yo?] = What is it? Whats that?

After studying with this lesson, you will be able to say This is ABC. and also ask Is this ABC?
and What is this? in polite/formal Korean.

/ [i-e-yo / ye-yo]
In the previous lesson, you learned how [i-e-yo] and [ye-yo] can be placed after a
noun to express the meaning of It is ABC or I am DEF.

Review / Example

[chaek] + [i-e-yo] = . [chaek-i-e-yo] Its a book.

[ jeo] + [ye-yo] = . [ jeo-ye-yo] Its me.

** and have a similar role to that of the English verb to be.

Final consonant + [i-e-yo]

No final consonant (Only vowel) + [ye-yo]

[i-geo] = this, this one

[i] (this) + [geot] (thing) = [i-geot] --> [i-geo]

[i-geo] is originally [i-geot] and it is a combination of [i] (this) and [geot]

(thing) but it is often used as just [i-geo] for the ease of pronunciation.

Sample Sentences

. [i-geo chaek-i-e-yo] = This is a book.

. [i-geo ka-me-ra-ye-yo] = This is a camera.

. [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] = This is coffee.

. [i-geo sa-jeon-i-e-yo] = This is a dictionary.

? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = What is this?

In Level 1 Lesson 5, we introduced the question, ? [mwo-ye-yo?] and it means What is

it? You can add [i-geo] in front of it to ask What is this?

? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = What is this?

. [i-geo haen-deu-pon-i-e-yo] = This is a cellphone.

? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = What is this?

. [i-geo mul-i-e-yo] = This is water.

? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = What is this?

. [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] = This is coffee.

Do you remember how to say No?

? [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo?] = Is this coffee?

. . [a-ni-yo. i-geo mul-i-e-yo] = No. This is water.

Do you remember how to say Yes, thats right?

? [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo?] = Is this coffee?

. . . [ne. ma-ja-yo. i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] = Yes, thats right. This is coffee.

In this lesson, you can learn how to say this that and it in Korean.

In English, the words this and that can be used both on their own and to modify words.

Example)
In English you can say This is my car. and also This car is mine. So the word this here can
be used as a pronoun and also as a word that modifies car.

In Korean, however, words for this as a modifier and this as this item here or this thing
here are strictly distinguished, and the same is true for that as well.

[i] = this (near you)

[geu] = the / that (near the other person)
[jeo] = that (over there)

This This
[geu] the, that
is
is Generally, when you are referring to
your
you. friend. something farther away from you and
closer to the other person you are talk-
ing to, you use the word [geu].

[ jeo] that, over there

[i] this Generally, when you are referring to some-

thing far away from both you and the other
Yes, this has
the pronoun-
ciation as the
Generally, when you are referring person you are talking with, you use the word for I in

to something near yourself , you word [ jeo]. formal Korean.

use the word [i].

Since , , and in Korean can only work as modifiers, when you want to say this that or
it as pronouns, you have to add the word [geo] or [geot] after these words.

[geo] = [geot] = thing, item, stuff, fact

So...

[i] = this

+ = [i-geot] or [i-geo] = this thing, this item, this one

[geu] = the, that

+ = [geu-geot] or [geu-geo] = the thing, the item, that one, it

[jeo] = the, that, that ... over there

+ = [ jeo-geot] or [ jeo-geo] = that thing over there

You can form various expressions using , , or along with other words.

Example)

[sa-ram] means a person

[i sa-ram] = this person, this man here, this lady here, he, she

[geu sa-ram] = the person, that person, he, she

[ jeo sa-ram] = that person over there, he, she

In this lesson, you can learn how to say something is NOT something.

Now, lets review. Do you remember how to say this that and the/it in Korean?

-----------------------------------------------Review----------------------------------------------------

[i] = this (near you)

[i-geo] or [i-geot] = this thing, this item, this stuff, this fact
[geu] = the / that (near the other person)
[geu-geo] or [geu-geot] = the thing, the item, that one, it
[jeo] = that (over there)
[jeo-geo] or [jeo-geot] = that thing over there

[sa-ram] means a person

[i sa-ram] = this person, this man here, this lady here, he, she

[geu sa-ram] = the person, that person, he, she

[ jeo sa-ram] = that person over there, he, she

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[a-ni-e-yo] = to be not, it is not, you are not

[a-ni-e-yo] is the present tense form in the formal language of the verb (to be
not). So [a-ni-e-yo] means Its not. I am not. Youre not. He/she is not. and etc.

Whenver you want to say that something is NOT something, you can say a subject
and [a-ni-e-yo].

NOUN + = TO BE NOT + NOUN

Example:
. [ jeo a-ni-e-yo] = Its not me.
. [u-yu a-ni-e-yo] = Its not milk.
. [mul a-ni-e-yo] = Its not water.

If you want to say This is not milk. I am not a student. Thats not a park. and etc, you can
add a word at the beginning of the sentence.

milk = [u-yu]

not milk = . [u-yu a-ni-e-yo]

This is not milk. = . [i-geo u-yu a-ni-e-yo]

student = [hak-saeng]

not a student = [hak-saeng a-ni-e-yo]

I am not a student. = . [ jeo hak-saeng a-ni-e-yo]

liquor = [sul]

not liquor = [sul a-ni-e-yo]

That is not liquor. = . [ jeo-geo sul a-ni-e-yo]

cat = [go-yang-i]

not a cat = [go-yang-i a-ni-e-yo]

It is not a cat. = . [geu-geo go-yang-i a-ni-e-yo]

In this lesson, you are going to learn about the topic marking particles and the subject mark-
ing particles in Korean. Most languages dont have subject marking particles or topic marking
particles in their sentences, so the concept might be very new, but once you get used to them,
knowing how to use these particles will come very much in handy.

Topic marking particles

[eun] / [neun]

letting the other people know what you

The main role of topic marking particles is
are talking about or going to talk about, and topic marking particles are attached
after nouns.

Words ending with a last consonant + -

Words ending with a vowel + -

Examples:
[ga-bang] + [eun]
[na] + [neun]

The topic of the sentence, marked by [eun] or [neun] is usually (but not always) the same
as the subject of the sentence.

[ jeo] = I

+ [neun] = [ jeo-neun] = as for me / (I am talking) me

. [ jeo-neun hak-saeng-i-e-yo] = As for me, I am a student. / I am a student.

Here, the word (I) is both the topic of the sentence (talking about I here) and the subject of
the sentence (I is the subject, and am is the verb.)

But the uniqueness of the Korean language can be found in the following sample sentence.

. [nae-il-eun jeo-neun il-hae-yo]

= As for tomorrow, I work.

Here, [nae-il], tomorrow, is followed by [eun], is a topic, but not the subject of the
verb [il-ha-da], to work because it is not tomorrow that works but I that work.

Subject marking particles

[i] / [ga]

The role of subject marking particles is relatively simple compared to that of role of topic mark-
ing particles.

Words ending with a last consonant + -

Words ending with a vowel + -

Examples:
[ga-bang] + [i]
[hak-gyo] + [ga]

So, basically,
topic marking particles (/) express what the topic of the sentence is,
and subject marking particles (/) show what the subject of the sentence is,
but thats not everything.

What more is there about the particles ///?

(1)
In addition to marking topics, [eun] / [neun] has the nuance of about something, as
for something, or even unlike other things or different from other things.

(2)
In addition to marking subjects, [i] / [ga] has the nuance of none other than nothing
but and also, when used inside a complex sentence, the role of marking the subject without
emphasizing it too much.

Lets look at some examples of (1).

[i-geo] = this / [sa-gwa] = apple / [ye-yo] = to be / is

. [i-geo sa-gwa-ye-yo] = This is an apple.

You can add / to this, and in this case the subject, , ends in a vowel, so add -.

. [i-geo-NEUN sa-gwa-ye-yo]
= (The other things are not apples, but) THIS is an apple.

So you can imagine someone talking like this:

. [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] (= This is coffee)

. [i-geo-NEUN mul-i-e-yo] (= That was coffee, but THIS ONE, its water.)
. [i-geo-NEUN o-ren-ji-ju-seu-ye-yo]
(= And THIS ONE, its different again, its orange juice.)
? [i-geo-NEUN mwo-ye-yo?]
(= And what about this one? What is it?)

As you can see from this example, / has the role of emphasizing the topic of the sentence
by giving it the nuance of that one is ... and/but THIS ONE is... So sometime it is unnatural to
used / in every sentence you say.

So in Korean, although and are generally topic marking particles, people often save /
for really emphasizing the topic in contrast to the other parts of the sentence.

For example, if you want to say The weathers nice today. in Korean, you can say it in many
ways. (Dont worry about the entire sentence here. Just focus on the use of /.)

1) . [o-neul nal-ssi jot-ne-yo]

The weathers good today.

2) . [o-neul-EUN nal-ssi jot-ne-yo]

(The weather hasnt been so good lately, but TODAY, its good.)

3) . [o-neul nal-ssi-NEUN jot-ne-yo]

(Today, not necessarily everything else too, but at least the weather is good.)

So THATs how powerful and useful the topic marking particles (/) can be in changing the
nuance of your Korean sentences!

Lets look at some examples of (2).

[ jo-a-yo] = its good / [mwo] = what / / [i/ga] = subject marking particles

Imagine that one says . [ jo-a-yo] and that means Its good. or I like it.

But if you are not quite sure WHAT is good, you can ask WHAT is good? or What are you
talking about?

In order to express your curiosity as to WHAT is good, you can ask:

? [mwo-GA jo-a-yo?]

Here the word [ga] emphasize what the subject of the verb to be / is.

If one says,

ABC . [ABC jo-a-yo] = ABC is good.

And if you disagree and you think XYZ is good, not ABC. You can express your opinion that
the subject of being good should be XYZ, not ABC, by saying:

ABC ? XYZ ! [ABC jo-a-yo? XYZ-GA jo-a-yo]

So, with and , you can add more flavor and more concrete meanings to your Korean sen-
tences when you want to emphasize WHO did something, WHICH ONE is good, and etc.

Is that everything?

Almost.

As you can see from above, / and / both have different roles, but the roles of /
as a contrast factor is much stronger, because you can change the topic of a sentence with
/. So, when you form complex sentences (i.e. I think the book that you bought is more
interesting than the book I bought.), in general, / is not so commonly used all over the
sentences. Often times /// can be dropped, but when you need particles to clarify the
meaning, / will be more commonly used.

In this lesson, we are going to have a look at the expressions

[i-sseo-yo] and [eop-sseo-yo]

HAVE/DONT HAVE, and also about
When you want to talk about what people

things that EXISTS/DOESNT EXIST, you can use these expressions.

[i-sseo-yo] comes from [it-da], and it basically expresses that something exists.

If you are talking about someone or something existing in a specific place, it means to be
Ex) I am here. / Its over there. / I am at home now.

If you are talking about something (or someone in some cases) in your possession,

it means to have
Ex) I have a sister. / I have eleven dogs. / Do you have a private airplane?

And [eop-sseo-yo] is the opposite, and it comes from the verb [eop-da]. Even
though there IS a way to say the same thing, using and making into a negative sen-

tence, since there is this independent verb in Korean () for expression non-existence, its

more convenient to use rather than saying or (well learn these

form in a later lesson to come.)

So, in conclusion,

<-->
[i-sseo-yo] [eop-sseo-yo]

Lets look at more examples!

[i-sseo-yo]

And in our examples, lets use the following words:

[mul] = water / [chin-gu] = friend / [si-gan] = time

You simply add at the end of the noun that you are referring to.

1. . [mul i-sseo-yo] = There is water. / Water exists. / I have water. / They have water.

2. ? [mul i-sseo-yo?] = Is there water? / Do you have water? / Do they have water?

3. . [chin-gu i-sseo-yo] = I have friends. / I have a friend. / There are friends.

4. ? [chin-gu i-sseo-yo?] = Do you have friends? / Do they have friends?

5. . [si-gan i-sseo-yo] = There is time. / I have time. / They have time.

6. ? [si-gan i-sseo-yo?] = Is there time? / Do you have time? / Do they have time?

And just by replacing [i-sseo-yo] with [eops-eo-yo] you get sentences in the
opposite meanings.

[eop-sseo-yo]
1. . [si-gan eop-sseo-yo] = There is no time. / I dont have time. / We dont have time.

2. . [chin-gu eop-sseo-yo] = I dont have friends.

-------------------------------------------- Review Time ---------------------------------------------

Do you remember the usages of / [eun/neun], the topic marking particles and
/ [i/ga], the subject marking particles?

and mark the topic of a sentence, and at the same time emphasize the contrast between
the topic of the sentence and the other things.

So if you say . [si-gan eops-eo-yo] that means I dont have time. and if you want
to say, I have other things but just TIME is not what I have. you can say that simply by add
[eun] or [neun] at the end of [si-gan] (but in this case, ends with a last conso-
nant so is used), that becomes .

And if someone asks you What is it that you dont have? What are you saying that you dont
have? you can answer that question by saying TIME. Time is what I dont have. and that can
be expressed through .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

and can be used to form many interesting and frequently used expressions in

Korean.

[ jae-mi] = fun

+ = literally means fun exists but it means to be interesting

**Notice how the two words are even written without any space inbetween. Thats because it

has already become an expression used daily.

Example)

TTMIK ! [ jae-mi-i-sseo-yo] = TTMIK is fun! / TTMIK is interesting!

In this lesson we are going to study how to ask Do you have ...? or Is there ...? and
also how to say Give me .... please. or Id like to have ... please.

Do you remember how to say I have ... You have ... or There is ...?

. [i-sseo-yo] I have ... You have ... There is ...

. [eop-seo-yo] I dont have ... You dont have ... There isnt ...

Examples

[sa-gwa] = apple

[sa-gwa i-sseo-yo] = I have an apple. There are apples. They have some apples.

[sa-gwa eop-seo-yo] = I dont have an apple. There is no apple.

[o-ren-ji] = orange

[o-ren-ji i-sseo-yo] = I have an orange. There is an orange.

[o-ren-ji eop-seo-yo] = I dont have an orange. There is no orange.

Now, if you want to ask whether someone has something or not or whether something exsits?

Simply by raising the tone at the end of the sentence, you can make it a question.

? [i-sseo-yo] = Do you have ...? Is there ...?

? [eop-seo-yo] = Dont you have ...? There isnt ...?

Examples

[sa-gwa i-sseo-yo] = I have an apple. There are some apples.

? [sa-gwa i-sseo-yo] = Do you have an apple? Do you have apples?

? [sa-gwa i-sseo-yo] = You dont have any apple? There is no apple?

Lets take some other nouns for example.

[si-gan] = time

? [si-gan i-sseo-yo?] = Do you have some time?

? [si-gan eop-seo-yo?] = You dont have time?

[keo-pi] = coffee

? [keo-pi i-sseo-yo?] = Do you have coffee?

? [keo-pi eop-seo-yo?] = Dont you have coffee? You dont have coffee?

Now, after figuring whether someone has something or not, you might as well want to ask for

some of it, by saying Please give me ... or Id like to have ... please.

[ju-se-yo] = Please give me

[ ju-se-yo] comes from the verb [ ju-da] which means to give so literally,

only means please give in the polite/formal language regardless of to whom or by whom.

Examples

A: ? [sa-gwa i-sseo-yo?] = Do yo have apples?

B: . . [ne. sa-gwa i-sseo-yo] = Yes, we have apples.

A: . [sa-gwa ju-se-yo.] = Give me (an/some) apple(s).

** Please note that there is no strict disctinction between plural and singular in Korean nouns.

A: ? [keo-pi i-sseo-yo?] = Do you have coffee?

B: . . [an-i-yo. keo-pi eop-seo-yo] = No, we dont have coffee.

A: ? [u-yu i-sseo-yo?] = Do you have milk?

B: . . [ne. u-yu i-sseo-yo.] = Yes, we have milk.

A: . [u-yu ju-se-yo.] = Give me some milk, please.

[ ju-se-yo] can be used in many different situations: when you ask someone to hand
something over to you, when you are ordering something in a restaurant, when are asking for

an item in a shop, or, when attached to a verb (which we will learn how to do in a later lesson) ,

to ask someone to do something for you.

More Examples
[a-i-seu-keu-rim ju-se-yo] = Please give me some ice cream.

[haem-beo-geo ju-se-yo] = Please give me a hamburger.

[gim-chi ju-se-yo] = Please give me some kimchi.

[bul-go-gi ju-se-yo] = Please give me some bulgogi.

[bap ju-se-yo] = Please give me rice. Please give me food.

In the previous lesson, we learned how to say Please give me ... or Id like to have ... please

in Korean. Do you remember the expression?

[ju-se-yo] = Please give me ... / Id like to have ...

And you can use this expression () to order something in a restaurant or to ask for more

side dishes while you are eating.

. [gim-bap ju-se-yo] = Kimbap, please. (when ordering in a restaurant)

. [bul-go-gi ju-se-yo] = Bulgogi, please. (when ordering in a restaurant)

. [gim-chi ju-se-yo] = Please give us some kimchi here.

(when asking for some (more) side dishes in a restaurant)

In this lesson, let us have a look at how to say It tastes good. It is delicious. and also how to

thank for a meal or food before and after the meal.

[mat] = taste

[mat] means taste in Korean. Now, do you remember how to say there is or I have?

Yes! [i-sseo-yo] is the expression. So by putting and together, you get the ex-

pression [ma-si-sseo-yo] which means Its delicious.

[ma-si-sseo-yo] = Its tasty. Its delicious.

Examples

. [i-geo ma-si-sseo-yo] = This is delicious.

. [ jeo ke-ik ma-si-sseo-yo] = That cake is delicious.

. [sam-gyeop-sal ma-si-sseo-yo] = Samgyupsal (Korean barbecue) is delicious.

? [mwo-ga ma-si-sseo-yo?] = Whats delicious?

Now, do you also remember how to say there isnt or I dont have in Korean?

Yes, [eop-seo-yo] is the expression. So by putting and together, you get the

expression [ma-deop-seo-yo], which means It doesnt taste good.

[mad-eop-seo-yo] = Its not tasty. Its not delicious. It tastes awful.

Note that the pronunciation of the last letter in , which is , changes according to the
word that follows it. When it is NOT followed by any word, its pronounced as [t], ending the

word there. When it is followed by , it becomes an [S] sound, making pro-

nounced as [ma-si-sseo-yo]. When it is followed by , it becomes a [D] sound, making

pronounced as [ma-deop-seo-yo].

Examples

? [i-geo ma-deop-seo-yo?] = Does this taste awful?

. [i cha ma-deop-seo-yo] = This tea tastes awful.

Now, you know how to say Its delicious. and Its not delicious. Its time to learn a phrase

that you can say to thank for a meal before and after you eat. This is very important especially

if someone is treating you or if you are invited to someones house.

. [ jal meok-ge-sseum-ni-da]

[ jal meok-ge-sseum-ni-da] literally means I am going to eat well. or I will eat well.

(Dont worry about the grammar that is used here yet. Just learn this as a set phrase for the time being.) And

this expression is used very frequently among Koreans when they are about to start eating a

meal, usually regardless whos paying for the meal. But in case someone in particular is paying

for the meal for the other(s), the other(s) will say to the person whos buying.

When you eat with your friends to whom you dont use polite/formal language, and when you

want to joke that your friend should buy you food, you can also say ! [ jal meo-geul-

ge!] which implies that you are thanking them because they are going to treat you.

. [ jal meo-geo-sseum-ni-da]

Once you have finished a meal, if you want to thank someone for the meal, or just thank for

the meal in general, you can use this expression. literally means I have eaten

well (Again, dont worry about the grammar here.) but it really means Thank you for the food.

In this lesson, we are going to study how to say I want to... in Korean.

In the previous lessons, we learned how to say that something is delicious, and also how to

thank for the food you are going to eat.

. [ma-si-sseo-yo] = Its delicious.

. [ jal meok-ge-sseum-ni-da] = Thank you for the food. I will enjoy it.

But before you order something in a restaurant in a coffee shop, you might as well ask your

friends what they want to eat, and also tell them what you want to eat.

In English, you add the expression want to before the verb, but in Korean, you need to change

the end of the verb. But dont worry. Its not too difficult to do.

- [-go si-peo-yo] = I want to ...

Now, lets practice.

Here are some frequently used Korean verbs.

[ga-da] = to go
[bo-da] = to see
[meok-da] = to eat

And changing these verbs into the - form is very simple.

Just drop the [da] (the last letter in all Korean verbs) and add - [-go sipeoyo].

to go = [ga-da] ---> + -

[ga-go si-peo-yo]
I want to go.

to see = [bo-da] ---> + -

[bo-go si-peo-yo]
I want to see/look/watch.

to eat = [meok-da] ---> + -

[meok-go si-peo-yo]
I want to eat.

Sample conversation

A: ? [mwo meok-go si-peo-yo?] = What do you want to eat?

B: . [haem-beo-geo meok-go si-peo-yo] = I want to eat a hamburger.

Heres a useful word to know.

[deo] = more

Now that you know how to say I want to eat (it) you can say I want to eat more. using this

word ().

. [meok-go si-peo-yo] = I want to eat it.

. [deo meok-go si-peo-yo] = I want to eat more.

** Note the word order here.

In our previous lesson, we learned how to say I want to in Korean. In this lesson, we will
practice using the structure I want to in context through more sample conversations.

First, lets look at 5 verbs. Dont worry if they are new to you. At this point, knowing how to
use them is more important than memorizing each and every one of them.

[ha-da] = to do
[bo-da] = to see
[meok-da] = to eat
[sa-da] = to buy
[ma-si-da] = to drink

Do you remember how to change a verb into the I want to + verb form?

+ +

Yes. [da] disappears and you add [go si-peo-yo] after the verb.

--> [ha-go si-peo-yo] = I want to do ...

--> [bo-go si-peo-yo] = I want to see ...

--> [meok-go si-peo-yo] = I want to eat ...

--> [sa-go si-peo-yo] = I want to buy ...

--> [ma-si-go si-peo-yo] = I want to drink ...

[mwo] = what

Sample conversations:

** Remember: In Korean, objects come before verbs.

A: ? [mwo ha-go si-peo-yo?] = What do you want to do?

B: . [tel-le-bi-jeon bo-go si-peo-yo] = I want to watch TV.

A: ? [tel-le-bi-jeon bo-go si-peo-yo?] = You want to watch TV?

B: . [ne] = Yeah.

A: ? [mwo bo-go si-peo-yo] = What do you want to watch?

B: . [nyu-seu bo-go si-peo-yo] = I want to watch the news.

A: . [i-geo sa-go si-peo-yo] = I want to buy this.

B: ? [i-geo-yo?] = This one?

A: . . [ne. i-geo meok-go si-peo-yo] = Yeah. I want to eat this.

B: ? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = What is this?

A: . [i-geo gim-bap-i-e-yo] = This is gimbap.

Some more useful verbs

[ilg-da] = to read / [il-ggo si-peo-yo] = I want to read ...

[ ja-da] = to sleep / [ ja-go si-peo-yo] = I want to sleep.

[nol-da] = to hang out, to play / [nol-go si-peo-yo] = I want to play.

[swi-da] = to rest / [swi-go si-peo-yo] = I want to rest.

[il-ha-da] = to work / [il-ha-go si-peo-yo] = I want to work.

In this lesson, we are going to talk about NUMBERS!

We wish we could say that there is a very easy way to learn the Korean numbers once and

never forget them, but the truth is, there isnt. As far as the numbers are concerned, you will

have to keep practicing using them until they stick. So in this lesson we will introduce the sino-

Korean numbers up to 1000.

Sino-Korean numbers

We will use the term sino-Korean when a Korean word is based on the Chinese language.

Since Korea has received a lot of influence from China, many words in the Korean language

have their roots in the Chinese language. So over the course of time, Korean people started us-

ing both the sino-Korean number system and the native Korean number system. And the situa-

tions and the contexts in which each system is used are different, but dont worry. You will get

used to the two systems and how to differentiate between these two by practicing with us!

1 [il] 2 [i]

3 [sam] 4 [sa]

5 [o] 6 [ryuk] or [yuk]

7 [chil] 8 [pal]

9 [gu] 10 [sip]

And the rest is easy.

In Korean, if you want to say 11, you just say TEN + ONE.

If you want to say 33, you just say THREE + TEN + THREE.

If you want to say 99, you say NINE + TEN + NINE.

100 [baek] 1,000 [cheon]

Can you guess how to say 312 in Korean?

Yes, you are right.

THREE + HUNDRED + TEN + TWO

+++
[sam-baek-sip-i]

Some more examples

1,234 = 1,000 () + 2 () + 100 () + 3 () + 10 () + 4 ()

512 = 5 () + 100 () + 10 () + 2 ()

Note that for 1,000, 100, and 10, you dont have to say one () + thousand (), , or .

In this lesson, we are going to learn how to conjugate Korean verbs.

When you look up verbs in a Korean dictionary, they are in this form:

[ga-da] = to go

[meok-da] = to eat

[ ja-da] = to sleep

[ttae-ri-da] = to hit

[ut-da] = to laugh

And when you change the forms of these verbs to express the present tense, the future tense,

the past tense, and etc., the first thing you need to do is to drop the last letter, [da], and
then you have the verb stem.

Verb stems of the verbs above:

[ga]

[meok]

[ ja]

[ttae-ri]

[ut]

And to these, you add the appropriate verb endings to make them complete. And in this lesson

we are going to learn how to change these dictionary forms of the verbs into the present
tense.

The Present Tense

In order to conjugate a verb into the present tense, you take the verb stem, and add one of

these endings:

[a-yo]
[eo-yo]
[yeo-yo]

** Note that we are introducing the endings in the polite language. Do not worry about learn-

ing to use different politeness levels. Once you have learned how to say everything in polite

language, changing it to other politeness levels is very easy to do.

So, which one of these three endings goes after which verb stem?

Its quite simple.

If the verb stems last vowel is [a] or [o], it is followed by [a-yo].

If the last vowel is NOT [a] or [o], it is followed by [eo-yo].
And only one verb stem, which is [ha], is followed by [yeo-yo].

Lets look at some examples.

[ga-da] = to go
The verb stem is [ga] and its last vowel is [a] so you add [a-yo].
So it first becomes + , and then more naturally, it becomes [ga-yo] for ease of
pronunciation.

[ga-da] = to go (dictionary form)

--> [ga-yo] = I go. You go. He goes. She goes. They go. (present tense)

[meok-da] = to eat
The verb stem is [meok] and its level vowel is [eo] so it is NOT or , so you add
[eo-yo].

So it becomes, + [meo-geo-yo]

[meok-da] = to eat (dictionary form)

[meo-geo-yo] = I eat. You eat., and etc. (present tense)

** Note that there is a liaison in the pronunciation at + [meok + eo] which sounds like

[meo-geo].

[bo-da] = to see, to watch, to look

Verb stem? [bo]

What is it followed by? [a-yo]

+ ---> Over time, it started being pronounced and written as [bwa-yo]. (Say
+ + three times as fast.)

[bo-da] = to see, to watch, to look

[bwa-yo] = I see. I look. I watch. You look. and etc. (present tense)

[bo-i-da] = to be seen, to be visible

Verb stem? [bo-i]

What is it followed by? [eo-yo]

+ ---> [bo-yeo-yo]

[bo-i-da] = to be seen, to be visible

[bo-yeo-yo] = Its visible. I see it.

[ha-da] = to do

Verb stem? [ha]

What is it followed by? [yeo-yo]

+ ---> [ha-yeo-yo]

Over time, became [hae-yo].

** Here, please just remember that this verb, is very versatile. You can add a noun in front

of it and you can form new verbs. We will introduce how to do this in lesson number 23. But

for now, just remember that becomes in the present tense and it means I do. You

do. He does. or They do.

Are there any irregularities or exceptions?

Sadly, yes, there are. But dont worry. Even those exceptions are NOT too far away from the

regular rules!! And of course, we will introduce them in the nicest and easiest way possible

through our future lessons. Thank you once again for studying with us through this lesson!

In the previous lesson, we looked at the basic way of conjugating the verbs in the dictionary

form into the present tense form. Do you remember how?

Verb stems ending with vowels [o] or [a] are followed by [a-yo].
Verb stems ending with vowels OTHER THAN or are followed by [eo-yo].

Verb stem is followed by [yeo-yo].

Now its time to learn how to change verbs into the past tense.

If you understand how to change verbs into the present tense, understanding how to change

them into the past tense is just as easy. A similar rule is applied to making past tense sentences,

and the endings are:

[a-sseo-yo]
[eo-sseo-yo]
[yeo-sseo-yo]

You can add those to the verb stems, or you can think of it as just replacing the at the end

of present tense sentences with - [ss-eo-yo].

Verb stems ending with vowels [o] or [a] are followed by [a-sseo-yo].
Verb stems ending with vowels other than or are followed by [eo-sseo-yo].

Verb stem is followed by [yeo-sse-yo].

Lets take a look at some examples.

[sa-da] = to buy
Verb stem = [sa]

** You drop the final [da] from any verb and you get the verb stem.

Past tense

= + [sa + a-sseo-yo]

= [sa-sseo-yo]
= I bought / you bought / she bought / he bought / they bought / etc.

[o-da] = to come
Verb stem = [o]

Past tense

= + [o + a-sseo-yo]

= [wa-sseo-yo]
= I came / you came / he came / they came / she came / we came / etc.

[ jeok-da] = to write down

Verb stem = [ jeok]

Past tense

= + [ jeok + eo-sseo-yo]

= [ jeo-geo-sseo-yo]
= I wrote / you wrote / he wrote / she wrote / they wrote / we wrote / etc.

[ha-da] = to do
Verb stem = [ha]

Past tense

= + [ha + yeo-sseo+yo]

= [hae-sseo-yo]
= I did / you did / he did / they did / etc.

More sample verbs in the present tense and the past tense

[meok-da] (Verb stem = [meok]) = to eat

Present Tense: [meo-geo-yo]
Past Tense: [meo-geo-sseo-yo]

[ jap-da] (Verb stem = [ jap]) = to catch

Present Tense: [ ja-ba-yo]
Past Tense: [ ja-ba-sseo-yo]

[pal-da] (Verb stem = [pal]) = to sell

Present Tense: [pa-ra-yo]
Past Tense: [pa-ra-sseo-yo]

[nol-da] (Verb stem = [nol]) = to play, to hang out

Present Tense: [no-ra-yo]
Past Tense: [no-ra-sseo-yo]

[sseu-da] (Verb stem = [sseu]) = to write, to use

Present Tense: [sseo-yo] (NOT )
Past Tense: [sseo-sseo-yo]

[gi-da-ri-da] (Verb stem = [gi-da-ri]) = to wait

Present Tense: [gi-da-ryeo-yo] (NOT )
Past Tense: [gi-da-ryeo-sseo-yo]

[i-sang-ha-da] (Verb stem = [i-sang-ha]) = to be strange

Present Tense: [i-sang-hae-yo) (NOT )
Past Tense: [i-sang-hae-sseo-yo]

[meo-sit-da] (Verb stem = [meo-sit]) = to be cool, to be awesome

Present Tense: [meo-si-sseo-yo]
Past Tense: [meo-si-sseo-sseo-yo]

In Korean, as you already know, there are some particles which are used to mark the roles of

some nouns, and so far, we have learned about subject marking particles ( [i] and [ga])
and topic marking particles ( [eun] and [neun]). In this lesson, we are going to have a
look at location marking particles, [e] and [e-seo], and also how to say WHERE in Ko-

rean.

First lets learn the word for WHERE or WHICH PLACE.

[eo-di] = where, which place

Now, lets look at how to ask someone Where do you want to go? in Korean.

to go = [ga-da]

to want to = [go si-peo-yo]

Do you remember how to form a sentence using [go si-peo-yo]? Yes, you drop the

letter at the end of a verb and attach after that.

+ --> [ga-go si-peo-yo] = I want to go.

= I want to go.

? = Do you want to go?

And now, you just add the word [eo-di] in front of the verb.

? [eo-di ga-go si-peo-yo?] = Where do you want to go?

WHY USE LOCATION MARKING PARTICLES?

Whereas it is POSSIBLE to make sentences without location marking particles (as in the exam-

ple above: ?), by using the right location marking particles, you can make your

message very clear. There are many location marking particles in Korean, but let us look at the

two most basic particles, [e] and [e-seo].

[e] = at, to

Noun + [e]

is a location marking particle, but it is not only used to mark locations. It means at, to

and etc, and it can be used to mark a location, a time, a situation, and many other things, but

here, at us just focus on its role of marking locations.

Let us look at how it is used inside a Korean sentence, by looking at some sample sentences.

Sample 1

Lets say I went to school. in Korean.

1. to go = [ga-da]

I went = + = [ga-sseo-yo]

2. school = [hak-gyo]

3. to = [e]

I went to school. = . [hak-gyo-e ga-sseo-yo]

Lets say I came to Korea. in Korean.

1. to come = [o-da]

I came = + = [wa-sseo-yo]

2. Korea = [han-guk]

3. to = [e]

I came to Korea. = . [han-gug-e wa-sseo-yo]

Sample 3

Lets say Where do you want to go? in Korean.

1. to go = [ga-da]

do you want to go = + = [ga-go si-peo-yo]

2. where = [eo-di]

3. to = [e]

Where do you want to go? = ? [eo-di-e ga-go si-peo-yo?]

Sample 4

Lets say Where are you? in Korean.

1. to be = [it-da]

are you = + = [i-sseo-yo]

2. where = [eo-di]

3. at = [e]

Where are you? = ? [eo-di-e i-sseo-yo?]

Where are you now? = ? [ ji-geum eo-di-e i-sseo-yo?]

? [eo-di-e i-sseo-yo ji-geum?]

[e-seo] = at, in, from

Noun + [e-seo]

[e-seo] can express many things, but here lets look at two of its main roles.

[e-seo] expresses:

1. a location where an action is taking place

(ex. I studied in the library. / I met my friends in Seoul.)

2. the meaning of from a place

(ex. I came from Seoul. / This package came from Spain.)

The difference between and .

and can both be translated to at in English. How are they different then?

expresses a location where something is or exists or a direction that you are going to-

ward.

Ex) . = I am at home.

. = Im going home.

expresses a location where some action is taking place.

Ex) . = I work at home.

? = What are you doing at home?

Some useful verbs and their conjugations to know

[ga-da] = to go

[ga-yo] = I go / you go / s/he goes / they go / lets go

[ga-sseo-yo] = went / to have gone

[o-da] = to come

[wa-sseo-yo] = came / to have come

[it-da] = to be, to exist

[i-sseo-sseo-yo] = was / to have been

[bo-da] = to see

[bwa-sseo-yo] = saw / to have seen

[ha-da] = to do

[hae-sseo-yo] = did / to have done

In this lesson, we are going to look at how to say WHEN in Korean, and also practice answering

the questions, When did you do it? When did you arrive? When did you come? When do

you get up? and etc.

[eon-je] = when

Unlike [eo-di], to which you have to add location marking particles to specify, [eon-

je] can be used on its own.

Now let us try using the word in context.

Lets say:

1) When did you do (it)?

when = [eon-je]

you did (it) = + = [hae-sseo-yo]

did you do (it)? = ? [hae-sseo-yo?]

When did you do it? = ? [eon-je hae-sseo-yo?]

2) When did you arrive?

to arrive = [do-cha-ka-da]

you arrived = [do-cha-kae-sseo-yo]

did you arrive? = ? [do-cha-kae-sseo-yo?]

When did you arrive? = ? [eon-je do-cha-kae-sseo-yo?]

3) When did you come?

to come = [o-da]

you came = [wa-sseo-yo]

did you come? = ? [wa-sseo-yo?]

When did you come? = ? [eon-je wa-sseo-yo?]

4) When do you get up?

to get up = [i-reo-na-da]

you get up = [i-reo-na-yo]

do you get up? = ? [i-reo-na-yo?]

When do you get up? = ? [eon-je i-reo-na-yo?]

Some more useful nouns to know.

[o-neul] = today

[eo-je] = yesterday

[nae-il] = tomorrow

[ ji-geum] = now

[a-kka] = earlier (today), a while ago (today)

[na-jung-e] = later

In lesson number 15, we introduced some sino-Korean numbers:

[il = one]

[i = two]

[sam = three]

[sa = four]

[o = five]

[yuk = six]

[chil = seven]

[pal = eight]

[gu = nine]

[sip = ten]

[baek = hundred]

[cheon = thousand]

[man = ten thousand], and etc.

Now lets have a look at some native Korean numbers. There are cases where sino-Korean

numbers are used, cases where native Korean numbers are used, and there are also some cases

where sino-Korean numbers and native Korean numbers are used together.

For example:

1. When you tell the time, you have to use native Korean numbers to say the hour and sino-

Korean numbers to say the minute.

2. When you say your age in everyday conversations, you use native Korean numbers, but in

some very formal settings like in the court of law or in a formal report, sino-Korean numbers

are used to express your age.

3. When you are counting years, you can use either sino-Korean numbers or native Korean

numbers, but the words that you use for counting the years change depending on whether you

use sino-Korean numbers and native Korean numbers.

So how do you determine which number system to use in which situation? You dont have to

try to, and you cant really generalize the usages of the two different number systems. It is best

to just learn to use the different number systems along with the fitting context.

Now, let us go over the native Korean numbers and practice saying how old we are.

Native Korean numbers

1 [ha-na]

2 [dul]

3 [set]

4 [net]

5 [da-seot]

6 [yeo-seot]

7 [il-gop]

8 [yeo-deol]

9 [a-hop]

10 [yeol]

From 11 to 19 is simple. You just put the number 10 and add another number after it.

Ex)

(10) + (1) = [yeol-ha-na] (11)

(10) + (9) = [yeol-a-hop] (19)

20 [seu-mul]

The same rule as above for 11 through 19 applies to 21-29, 31-39, 41-49, and etc.

30 [seo-reun]

40 [ma-heun]

50 [swin]

60 [ye-sun]

70 [i-reun]

80 [yeo-deun]

90 [a-heun]

Now, here is an interesting piece of information.

From numbers 1 through 99, the usage of native Korean numbers is generally very distinctively

different from the usage of sino-Korean numbers, but for bigger units like 100, 1,000, 10,000

and etc., the words for these bigger numbers in the native Korean numbers are no longer used

and only sino-Korean numbers are used.

So, 100 in the sino-Korean number is [baek], and even when you need to use the native

Korean number, you use the same word.

And when you want to say 101, 102, and etc., you need to combine the systems together.

101 = [baek / 100] (sino-Korean) + [ha-na / 1] (native Korean)

205 = [i / 2] (sino-Korean) + [baek / 100] (sino-Korean) + [daseot / 5] (native Ko-

rean)

Lets have a look at how to talk about the age.

There are two ways of saying the age, but here, lets look at the more ordinary and everyday

fashion.

You say a native Korean number and add [sal] after it.

But the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 change forms before a noun.

1 [ha-na] --> [han]

2 [dul] --> [du]

3 [set] --> [se]

4 [net] --> [ne]

...

20 [seu-mul] --> [seu-mu]

21 [seu-mul] --> [seu-mul-han]

...

The following are from age 1 through 100 in native Korean numbers, followed by the age

counter [sal].

(1), , , , , , , , , (10), (11),

, , , , , , , , (20),

(21), , , , , , ,

, , (30), (31), , , , ,

, , , , (40), (41), ,

, , , , , , , (50),

(51), , , , , , , , ,

(60), (61), , , , , , ,

, , (70), (71), , , ,

, , , , , (80), (81), ,

, , , , , , ,

(90), (91), , , , , , ,

, , (100)

Found your age?

Now, say the age and add [i-e-yo] after that.

. I am one year old.

. I am ten years old.

. I am twenty years old.

. I am thirty years old.

In this lesson, we are going to have a look at how to make negative sentences in Korean.
There are mainly two ways to do this.

How to make negative sentences in Korean

1. Adding [an] before a verb

2. Using the negative verb ending, [ ji an-ta]

Method #1 is more simple and more colloquial, and method #2 is relatively formal but not nec-
essarily only for formal situations.

If you want to use method #1, and add [an] before a verb, its easier than method #2 because
you dont have to worry about the different tenses of your sentences. The word [an] doesnt
change the tense.

Examples

[ga-da] = to go

. [ jib-e ga-yo] Im going home. / I go home.

. [ jib-e an ga-yo] Im NOT going home. / I DONT go home.
? [ jib-e an ga-yo?] Youre NOT going home? / You DONT go home?

[beo-ri-da] = to throw away

. [geu-geo beo-ryeo-sseo-yo] I threw it away

. [geu-geo an beo-ryeo-sseo-yo] I DIDNT throw it away.
. [geu-geo a-jik an beo-ryeo-sseo-yo] I DIDNT throw it away yet.

Examples using method #2 (adding [ji an-ta])

[ ji anta] is the basic form and you need to conjugate it according to the tense, too.

Present tense: [ ji a-na-yo]

Past tense: [ ji a-na-sseo-yo]

** You can apply the same verb conjugating rules as for the other verbs.

[ga-da] = to go
[ga-ji an-ta] = to not go
[ga-ji a-na-yo] = I DONT go. / Im NOT going.
[ga-ji a-na-sseo-yo] = I DIDNT go.

[beo-ri-da] = to throw away

[beo-ri-ji an-ta] = to not throw away
[beo-ri-ji a-na-yo] = I DONT throw it away.
[beo-ri-ji a-na-sseo-yo] I DIDNT throw it away.

Very short sample dialogs

1.
A: ? [a-pa-yo?] = Does it hurt?
B: . [an a-pa-yo] = It doesnt hurt.
A: ? ? [an a-pa-yo? jin-jja an a-pa-yo?]
= It doesnt hurt? It really doesnt hurt?
B: . [an a-pa-yo] = It doesnt hurt.

2.
A: ? [an meo-geo-yo?] = You are not going to eat?
B: ! [an meo-geo-yo!] = Im not eating!
A: ? ! [ jeong-mal an meo-geo-yo? ma-si-sseo-yo]
= You are really not going to eat? Its delicious.
B: . . [an meo-geo-yo. bae an go-pa-yo]
= Im not eating. Im not hungry.

3.
A: ? [i-geo mae-wo-yo?] = Is this spicy?
B: . . [a-ni-yo. an mae-wo-yo] = No. Its not spicy.
A: ? [ jin-jja an mae-wo-yo?] = Its really not spicy?
B: . . [ne. an mae-wo-yo] = No, its not spicy.

In lesson #16, we learned how to make the dictionary form of a verb into the present tense (
: hyeon-je si-je) and in lesson #17, we learned how to make the past tense (
: gwa-geo si-je). And we also learned that the verb [hada] has a very unique way of be-

ing conjugated.

[ha-da] = to do

Dicationary from =

Present tense = + = [hae-yo]

Past tense = + =

We also mentioned that the verb is a very powerful and useful word. That is because in

Korean there are a lot of verbs that are made by combining a noun with .

Many of the Korean nouns that indicate or describe some action or behavior can be combined

with . And they become verbs.

Examples

1. = studying / = to study

2. = work, job / = to work

3. = memory / = to remember

4. = cleaning / = to clean

5. = cooking, dish / = to cook

6. = moving / = to move, to move into a different house

7. = song / = to sing

8. = effort / = to make an effort, to try hard

9. = agreement, agreeing / = to agree

10. = admitting, acknowledgement / = to admit

11. = regret / = to regret

12. = exercise / = to exercise, to work out

13. = love / = to love

14. = words, language / = to speak

15. = thought, idea / = to think

Making negative sentences with verbs

In order to make negative sentences using these verbs (check out Lesson #21 for informa-

tion on how to make negative sentences in Korean) you need to separate the noun part and

the part again and add inbetween.

Examples:

-->

And if you remember from Lesson #16, there are two ways to make negative sentences in Ko-

rean: adding before the verb and using the verb ending . If you want to use

with verbs, you simply conjugate [ha-da] to [ha-ji an-ta].

[nu-gu] = who

Remember the subject markers and the topic markers?

Subject markers: [i] / [ga]

Topic markers: [eun] / [neun]

Subject markers emphasize the subject and shows who did something, or what is being de-

scribed, and topic markers emphasize the topic of your sentence and shows what or whom

you are talking about.

When you want to ask simple questions like Who did it? Who helped her? or Who made

it?, you are emphasizing the subject, which is the word who here, so you need to use the

subject marker [i] or [ga].

ends in a vowel so it would have to be followed by ,

but plus changes to instead of

[nu-gu] = who

[nu-gu] + [ga] = --> [nu-ga]

Remember that this is ONLY when you are emphasizing who as the subject of an action or

state.

Compare these examples:

When you want to ask Who is it? in Korean,

you literally say it is WHO? so it becomes:

(who) + (is) = ? [nu-gu-ye-yo?]

When you want to ask (Among these people, none other than) WHO is Jane? you can say:

(who) + (subject marker) + (Jane) + ? (is?)

= ? [nu-ga je-in-i-e-yo?]

And when you want to ask Who did it?:

(who) + (subject marker) + ? (did?)

= ? [nu-ga hae-sseo-yo?]

More sample sentences

1. ? [nu-ga jeon-hwa-hae-sseo-yo?] Who called?

2. ? [i-geo nu-gu-ye-yo?] Who is this? (This is who?)

3. ? [eo-je nu-ga wa-sseo-yo?] Who came yesterday?

4. ? [geu-geo nu-ga man-deu-reo-sseo-yo?] Who made that?

5. ? [nu-ga sa-sseo-yo?] Who bought it?

who.

What = [mwo]

Where = [eo-di]

When = [eon-je]

Who = [nu-gu]

And today, we are going to learn some more (interrogatives).

How = [eo-tteo-ke]

Why = [wae]

How much (money) = [eol-ma]

How + adjective/adverb = [eol-ma-na]

Generally, these interrogatives in Korean are used before the verb of a sentence. But as the

word order of the sentences is much more flexible (thanks in part to the subject/topic/object

markers), they can come in at various parts of sentences, depending on the context or the nu-

ance.

Examples

1. [eo-tteo-ke] = how

? [eo-tteo-ke cha-ja-sseo-yo?] = How did you find it?

( = to find, to look for)

? [eo-tteo-ke wa-sseo-yo?] = How did you get here?

( = to come)

2. [wae] = why

? [wae jeon-hwa-hae-sseo-yo?] = Why did you call?

( = to call)

? [wae an wa-sseo-yo?] = Why didnt you come?

( = to come)

3. [eol-ma] = how much

? [eol-ma-ye-yo?] = How much is it?

? [eol-ma nae-sseo-yo?] = How much did you pay?

( = to pay)

4. + adjective/adverb = how + [often/fast/early/soon/etc...]

? [eol-ma-na ja-ju wa-yo?] = How often do you come?

( = often / = to come)

? [eol-ma-na keo-yo?] = How big is it?

( = to be big)

? [eol-ma-na mu-geo-wo-yo?] = How heavy is it?

( = to be heavy)

In this lesson, we are going to introduce how to say from A to B when talking about locations

and from A until B when talking about time.

Basically, if you look at the big picture,

[e-seo] and [bu-teo] mean from

and

[kka-ji] means to or until

First, lets look at how to say from A in Korean. Basically, [e-seo] and [bu-teo] both

mean from and they are usually interchangeable, but in cases where they are NOT inter-

changeable, is associated more often with locations and is associated more often with

time.

Like all the other particles, , , and are used AFTER a noun or a pronoun, not BE-

FORE one.

From A in Korean is A or A

Examples
1. From Seoul

= [seo-ul-e-seo]

= [seo-ul-bu-te] ** = starting from Seoul

2. From now

= [ ji-geum-bu-teo]

= [ ji-geum-e-seo] ( x )

3. From (or Since) yesterday

= [eo-je-bu-teo]

Now, to B or until B in Korean is B [kka-ji].

Examples
1. (From somewhere else) to Seoul

= [seo-ul-kka-ji]

2. Until now

= [ ji-geum-kka-ji]

3. Until tomorrow

= [nae-il-kka-ji]

More examples

1. From here to there

2. From head to toe

3. From Seoul to Busan

4. From morning until evening

= ( x )

This dialog is based on the grammar points introduced in TalkToMeInKoreans Level 1 les-

sons. First listen to the dialog alone, without looking at the Korean transcript, and then check

how much you could understand by comparing your understanding with the original text as

well as the translation

Korean Transcript
: .

: , , , ! ?

: ? .

: ? . .

: , . .

: ? ?

: .

: ? .

: , , .

: , , !

: . .

: , . ... . .

: . .

: ?

: ? .

: . , ?

: ? ...

This dialog is based on the grammar points introduced in TalkToMeInKoreans Level 1 lessons. First listen to the
dialog alone, without looking at the Korean transcript, and then check how much you could understand by com-
paring your understanding with the original text as well as the translation.
TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes
TalkToMeInKorean Level 1 Dialog

: , ? .

: ? ... ... ? ?

: . .

: ?

: ! , ! .

: . .

: .

: , ? , .

: ?

: ? ?

: .

: ?

: .

Minsu: Bon appetit!

: .
Hyeonju: Lets eat.

Vocabulary Breakdown

= thank you
- = to want to
= its okay
= Well...
- = until
= to come out
= yes
= who (subject)
= who
= different, other
- = also, too
= to drink
= its delicious
= beer
= to not know
= what
= to be hungry
= person, people
= birthday
= happy birthday
= present
= three cups, three glasses
= time
= attached after a persons name when addressing someone in polite language
= its not
= no
= not
= hello

= when
= it doesnt exist, I dont have
= today
= to come
= this
= 7 oclock
= it exists, I have
= thanks for the food, bon appetit, lets eat
= me
= over there
= excuse me, hey
= really, truly
= its good, I like it
= give me
= cola
= pizza
= one

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