IBR
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P5 + 1 Nations and IRAN Stand Off Impact on INDIA Energy
Security
P. V. S. Siva Kumar, K. Rakesh
Assistant Professor
School of Management Studies, MVGR College of Engineering ,Chintalavalsa, Vizianagaram ,Andhra
Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT In 1967, the Tehran Nuclear Research Centre (TNRC)
was established. It was run by the Atomic Energy
The nuclear issue between Iran and P5+1 Nations has
Organization of Iran (AEOI). The TNRC was equipped
been an issue of concern from the past decade, with no
with a US supplied 5 megawatt nuclear research reactor
solution in near future. The study throws a light on the
which was fueled by highly enriched uranium.
dualistic feature of uranium i.e. construction &
Iran signed nuclear proliferation treaty in 1968 and
Destruction .Further an elaborate discussions regarding
ratified it in 1970. Making Irans nuclear program
the pre- Iranian revolution, where in P5 countries
subject to IAEA verification in 1970 SHAH approved
extended their help in various ways in nuclear
plans to construct with US help up to 23 nuclear power
technology development by Iran, And the post- Iranian
stations by 2000.
revolution witnessed a radical change in their stance
French help to Iran:
.These issues along with its implications to India and the
The joint stock company Eurodif operating a uranium
options in front of India have been discussed.
enrichment plant in France was formed in 1973 by
Key Words: P5+1 nations, uranium, nuclear
France, Belgium, Spain and Swedan. In 1975 Swedens
technology, radical change, implications to India.
10% share in eurodif went to Iran as a result of an
Back Drop:
agreement between France and Iran. French government
The dualuse of uranium that is construction and
subsidy company. Cogema and Iranian government
destruction has been the issue of discussion for decades.
established the Sofidif enterprise with 60% and 40%
The constructionists support their argument, saying that
share. Sofidif acquired 20% share in Eurodif.
it is used for power generation. Where, as the
Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi lent one billion $ and
Destructionists use them for weapon building and
another 180 million $ in 1977 for construction of
threatening the former and rest.
eurodif factory to have the right of buying 10% of the
Irans nuclear enrichment program has been the issue
production of site.
for concern for the P5 +1 nations that is the UN
Russian collaboration:
permanent members
In 1990s Russia formed a joint research organization
US,UK,CHINA,RUSSIA,FRANCE and GERMANY
with Iran called Persepolis which provided Iran with
they strongly argue that Iran is exploring uranium for
Russian nuclear experts and technical information. Five
weapon building particular Nuclear Bombs on the other
Russian institutions including the Russia federal space
Iran supports its argument of Nuclear Proliferation for
agency helped Tehran to improve its missiles.
Power generation.
POST IRANIAN REVOLUTION:
PRE IRANIAN REVOLUTION
The post Iranian revolution has seen a radical change in
US Cooperation to Iran:
P5+1 countries stance were in they allege Iran of
Iran Nuclear enrichment history is dated back from 5 th
nuclear proliferation
March 1957 when a proposed agreement for
P5 + 1 and Iran negotiations:
cooperating in research in the peaceful uses of atomic
October 2009 Geneva negotiation:
energy was announced under the auspicious of
Eisenhowers.Atoms for Peace Program Jan 2011 Istanbul meeting
April 2012 Istanbul meeting
IFRSA Business Review|Vol2|issue 4|Dec 2012 366
P. V. S. Siva Kumar, K. Rakesh | P5 + 1 Nations and IRAN Stand Off Impact on INDIA Energy Security
May 2012 Baghdad negotiation In March 2005 the New York Times reported that a bi
Iranian view point: partition congressional enquiry concluded that the
In taking a stance that Shah of Iran expressed decades United States had inadequate intelligence to reach any
ago Iranian feels its valuable petroleum should be used conclusions on the state of Irans nuclear programme. In
for high value products, not simply electricity March 2009, the US director of national intelligence and
generation. Petroleum is a noble material much too defence intelligence agency director both testified
valuable to burn. We envision producing as soon as before congress that Iran did not have highly enriched
possible 23,000 megawatts of electricy using nuclear uranium for bomb making and had not made the
plants. Shah also said assuming pumping rates remain decision to produce any and also that Irans missile
steady Iran has only enough oil to last another 75 years. programme was not related to its nuclear programme.
Iran also faces financial constraints and claims that US and European point of view:
developing excess capacity in its oil industry would cost The P5 (China, France, Russia, UK & US) + Germany
it dollar 40 billion $. have offered benefits to Iran including legally
After the 1979 Iranian revolution Iran informed the Binding fuel supply guarantees. The deal offered by
IAEA of its plans to restart its nuclear program using P5+1 would leave Iran reliant on external sources of
indigenously made nuclear fuel and in 1983 the IAEA fuel, as is true for most countries.
planned to provide assistance in uranium conversion to Indian options:
Iran under its technical assistance program later the To go with Iran
program was terminated under US pressure. If India goes with Iran it would agitate US and this will
Iran announced its plan in 1995 to build a uranium hexo in turn causes harm to indo US relations.
fluoride UF6 conversion plan at the nuclear technical To go with US:
centre in Esfahan with Chinese assistance. During If India stands on the side of US and put pressure on
November 1996 IAEA visit to Esfahan, Iran informed Iran, Its main source of oil imports will be affected in
the IAEA department of safe guard that it planned to turn the indo Iran pipeline project will be at halt. Further
build a uranium hexa fluoride (UF6) conversion plant at the refineries in India are built suitable for refining Iran
the nuclear technologycentre. The UF6 plant was crude oil. If any change in source would involve re-
scheduled to open after 2000 but the project was mechanization of refineries which require huge
abandoned by china under pressure from the United investment.
States in October 1997. Best of best:
Iranian politicians compare its treatment as a signatory As India is a non-signatory of NPT (Nuclear
to the NPT with three nuclear aligned nations that have Proliferation treaty). So it should not be worried with
not signed the NPT: Israel, India and Pakistan. Each of US pressure and stay outside the issue and continue its
these nations developed indigenous nuclear weapons relation with Iran.
capability: Israel 1966, India 1974 and Pakistan
CONCLUSION
1990.The Iranian authorities are sent that theycannot
simply trust the United States or Europe toprovide Iran Under the current situation Indias better option would
with nuclear energy fuel and point to a long series of be to stay neutral as India is a non-signed nation to
agreements contracts and treaty obligations which were NPT, The P5+1 Countries to cannot push India. Further
not full filed. we suggest that future course of action can be taken on
South Koreasexemption: the basis of the developing scenario.
Some have argued that there is a double standard
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IFRSA Business Review|Vol2|issue 4|Dec 2012 367
P. V. S. Siva Kumar, K. Rakesh | P5 + 1 Nations and IRAN Stand Off Impact on INDIA Energy Security
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