DEGREE STANDARD PAPER - I CODE:042
1. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Dc And Ac Series And Parallel Circuits - Kirchhoffs Law - Network Graph - Matrix Representation -
Solution Of Steady State, equations - transients in AC networks - Network theorems, super
position, reciprocity, Thevenin and Norton's theorems, Maximum power transfer therorem, star
delta transformation - frequency response of RL, RC, RIC series and parallel circuits - solutions of
balanced and unbalanced 3 phase circuits.
2. ELECTRICAL MACHINES
Constructional features of DC Machines, emf equation and characteristics of different types of DC
generators - DC motor - torque equation - DC motor characteristics - starters of DC motors speed
control of DC motors - testing of DC motors - alternators - different types - constructional features
- emf equation - regulation of alternators by different methods - phaseor diagram - expression for
power developed as a funtion of torque angle - synchronous motors - principle of operation - v and
inverted v curves - starting methods - stepper motors - principle of operation - polyphase
induction motors - principle of operation phasor diagram and equivalent circuit - starting and
speed control - single phase ixluction motor - principle of opetation and applications - transformers
- principle of operation and construction of types different of single phase and three phase
transformers - regulation,efficiency and all day efficiency.
3. CONTROL SYSTEMS
Open loop and closed loop systems - mathematical modelling of physical systems - electrical,
mechanical, electro mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and thermal systems - transfer function and
state space modelling of these systems - block diagram representation and signal flow graph -
electrical analog - time response of simple system for implulse, step and ramp type of inputs -
solution of state equations - STM - time domain specifications - frequency domain analysius -
polar, inverse polar, bode - constant M and N circles and Nichols chart frequency domain
specifications - Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion - Nyquist stability criterion - construction of root
locus - determination of closed loop poles - transient response and stability from root locus
4. GENERATION TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
Sources of energy - power plants - hydroelectric - nuclear - thermal - layout - storage schemes -
turbines - hydroelectric and steam - interconnected systems - cost evaluation - nuclear reactors -
fuel materials - coolant - comparison and detection of different types of power plants -
transmission lines - performance - short and medium - corona - insulators - transmission towers -
underground cables - distrubution - feeders - distributors and service main - comparison of
distribution system - radial and ring distributors - calculation of voltages and distributors with
concentrated and distributed loads.
5. PROTECTION AND SWITCH GEARS
Circuit breakers - Arc in oil - Arc interruption - theories - current chopping - oil circuit breakers -
air blast circuit breakers - vacum circuit breakers - sulphur hexaflouride - circuit breakers - testing
of circuit breakers - protective relays - functional charactoristics of protective relays - operating
principles of relays - overcurrent relays - directional over current relays - the universal relay -
torque equation - differntial relays - feeder protection - distance protection - generator protection -
protection of transformers - carrier current protection - comparators - static relays - fuses and
H.R.C.fuses for relays (the emphasis must be on solid state devices).
6. BASIC ELECTRONICS
Semi conductor diodes - zener diodes - transistors - FET's power diodes - thyristors - photocell -
photodiodes - power diodes - photo transistors,L.D.R.and applications - rectifiers and voltage
regulators - amplifiers - classification of amplifiers - power amplifiers - wide b and amplifiers -
oscillators - operational amplifiers - application of operational amplifiers - Indusstrial timers -
voltage regulators - Instruementation amplifiers - A to D and D to A converteros - PLL - active
filters.
7. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
Number systems used in Digital electronics -weighted binary codes - non weighted codes - crror
detection and correction,alpha numeric codes,BCD- development of Boolean algebra - truth
fuctions - reading boolean expression - Boolean expansions and logic diagrams - Minterms - tables
and maps - solving digital probleme - Map reduction techniques - sum of products from hybrid
function - multiple out put minimizations - tabular minimisations - sequential logic - flip/flops -
digtal counter - ripple counter - logi c gates - mutliplexers, demultiplexers and decoders , code
converters - arithmetic funcrioons - shift registers - semi conductormemory elements - PLA.
8. NETWORK ANALYSIS
One port and two port networks - driving point impedance and admittance of one port network -
open circuit impedance and short circuit admittance of two port network - transfer impedance and
admittance - A,B,C,D parameters - impedence matching - filters - character istic of ideal filters -
low pase and High pass filters - attenuation and phase shift - bandpass filter - elements of network
synthesis - realiability of one port, hurwitz polynomical positive real function - necessary and
sufficient conditions for positive real function - testing a positive real function proporties -
synthesis of RL RC and LC driving point impedances.
9. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS
Measurement of voltage and current - permanent magnet moving coil and moving ion meters -
dynamometer type - thermocouple and rectifier typ;e instrument of power and energy -
dynamometer type wattmeter and induction type energy meter - single phase and three phase -
testing and calibration of energy meter - power factor meter - magnetic measurement - ballistic
galvanometer and fluxmeter - BH curve - permeability measurement - current and voltage
transformers - use of instrument transformers with wattmeters - KVA and KVAR metrts -
maximum demand indicators - Megger.
10. ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
BJT, FET and MOSFET voltmerters - solid state multimeter - DMM - audio and Radio frequency
signal generators - AM signal generator - function generator - wave anlyzer - spectrum analyser -
frequency measurement - measurement of period and time - phase angle measurement - bridge
type of measurements - recording instruments - display instruments - general purpose
oscilloscope - multitrace display - digital storage - sampling oscilloscope - sychroscope.
PAPER -II
1.MEASUREMENT SCIENCE
Static characteristics of measuring instruments - accuracy, precision snesitivity,non-linerarity,
hysteresis - dynamic characteristics - I order and II order instruments - Standards andcalibration -
errors and error analysis.
2. TRANSDUCERS
Variable resistance transducers - potentiometer, strain gauge RTD, thermistor, hygrometer -
Variable inductance transducers - LVDT - variablpe relectance accelerometer - variable capacitance
tranaducers for differential pressure, sound and thickness measurement - piezoelectric transducer
- smart tranaducors.
3. MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS
Characteristics of instruments for measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force,
torque and vibration.
4. INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTS
Temperature measurement - thermocouples, cold-junction compensation for thermocouple,
radiation and optical pyrometers - pressure measurements - bourdon gauge, bellows, diaphragme,
differential pressure transmitter, vacum gauges, melead gauge, prani gauge - flow measurement -
office meter, venturimeter, electro magnetic flow meter, ultrasonic flow meter, rotameter positive
displacement meters,mass flowmeters.
5. ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Measurement of PH,viscosity and density - Gas chromatography - UV and IR spectrophotometers,
single beam and dual beam spectrophotometers.
6. PROCESS CONTROL
Basic control actions - on - off, P, I , D, P + I , P + D and p + I + D control actions - electronic and
pneumatic controllers - feed forward control, ratio control and cascade control - control valves -
computer control of process - z transforms.
7. BIO MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
Measurement of biological signals - ECG,EEG, EMG - blood pressure and blood flow measurements
- defibrillators - pace maker.
8. TELEMETRY
Wired telemetry - Radio telemetry - analog modulation - time division multiplexing and frequency
division multiplexing - PAM and FM transmitters - digital modalation - PCM transmitters -
Demultiplexing - receivers - fibre optic transmitters and receivers.
9. MICRO PROCESSORS AND MICRO CONTROLLERS
8 bit microprocessors - 8085 and z80 - Architecture, programming and interface devices - 16 bit
microprocessor 8088 - Micro controllers, 8031 and 8051 Microprocessor based instruments.
10. LOGIC AND DISTRIBUTED CONTROL
Direct digital control - supervisory control - SCADA - programmable logic control - I/o module, PLC
programming, ladder diagram - distributed control system - configuration, operator station,
displays, communication in DCS ,protocols, field bus.
