PATHOLOGY - EXAM QUESTIONS FOR STUDENTS OF DENTISTRY
I. General Pathology
1. Necropsy; surgical pathology (methods; principles)
2. Etiology; pathogenesis; causes of cell injury
3. Death and postmortal changes
4. Necrosis; gangrene; apoptosis
5. Atrophy
6. Disorders of protein metabolism; amyloidosis
7. Disorders of lipid metabolism; fatty change (steatosis)
8. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism; diabetes mellitus; glycogen storage diseases
9. Edema; dehydration
10. Calcification; crystals; lithiasis
11. Pigments (exogenous, endogenous, hematogenous)
12. Jaundice
13. Repair (regeneration; reparation)
14. Adaptation (hypertrophy; hyperplasia, metaplasia)
15. Inflammation (definition; classification; clinical manifestations)
16. Inflammation (microscopic features – review)
17. Acute and chronic inflammation
18. Serous (catarrhal) and fibrinous inflammation
19. Suppurative and gangrenous inflammation
20. Specific (granulomatous) inflammation
21. Disorders of the immune system (review); hypersensitivity; graft rejection
22. Autoimmune diseases; immunodeficiency diseases
23. Congestive heart failure
24. Hypertrophy, dilatation and decompensation of the heart
25. Local disorders of blood flow (review)
26. Thrombosis; embolism; DIC syndrome
27. Hyperemia; ischemia; infarction
28. Hemorrhage; hemorrhagic diathesis
29. Shock
30. Genetic diseases – autosomal dominant
31. Genetic diseases – autosomal recessive
32. Genetic diseases – gonosomal and cytogenetic
33. Environmental diseases (review)
34. Adverse effects of smoking; pneumoconioses
35. Injury by therapeutic agents and alcohol
36. Nutritional diseases; obesity; malnutrition; vitamin deficiencies
37. Bacterial infections (review); toxemia; bacteremia; sepsis; pyemia
38. Bacterial infections: streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci
39. Bacterial infections: meningococci, gonococci, Corynebacterium
40. Bacterial infections: Hemophilus, Klebsiella, Legionella, Bordetella.
41. Bacterial infections: Escherichia coli, Yersinia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas.
42. Bacterial infections: Salmonella. Shigella. Vibrio.
43. Bacterial infections: Clostridium infections. Tularemia. Cat scratch disease.
44. Bacterial infections: Leptospira. Borrelia. Treponematoses.
45. Bacterial infections: Mycobacterioses (tuberculosis, leprosy).
46. Bacterial infections: Actinomycosis. Rickettsiosis. Chlamydiosis.
47. Viral infections: Herpes simplex. Varicella-zoster virus.
48. Viral infections: Epstein-Barr virus. Cytomegalovirus.
49. Viral infections: Papillomaviruses.
50. Viral infections: Paramyxoviruses (measles, mumps). Togavirus (rubeola).
51. Viral infections: Orthomyxoviruses. Rhabdoviruses. Arboviruses. Polioviruses.
52. Viral infections: Acute and chronic viral hepatitis.
53. Viral infections: HIV/AIDS.
54. Mycotic infections.
55. Parasitic infections.
56. Sexually transmitted diseases.
57. Pseudotumors (cyst; hamartoma; hyperplasia)
58. Dysplasia; precancerous lesions
59. Tumors (definition; classification)
60. Carcinogenesis (etiology of cancer)
61. Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms; paraneoplastic syndromes
62. Tumor metastasis
63. Grading and staging of cancer
64. Benign mesenchymal tumors
65. Malignant mesenchymal tumors
66. Benign epithelial tumors
67. Malignant epithelial tumors
68. Neuroectodermal tumors.
69. Germ cell tumors; mixed tumors; tumor multiplicity
II. Organ Pathology
1. Atherosclerosis
2. Vasculitis (review)
3. Arterial aneurysms (review)
4. Aortic aneurysms, aortic dissection
5. Venous disorders; lymphatic disorders
6. Tumors of vessels and heart
7. Congestive heart failure
8. Ischemic heart disease (review)
9. Myocardial infarction
10. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
11. Infective endocarditis, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
12. Myocarditis; cardiomyopathy
13. Systemic hypertension
14. Pulmonary hypertension; cor pulmonale
15. Pericardial diseases
16. Anemias – general features, classification
17. Myeloproliferative disorders
18. Leukemias (review)
19. Plasma cell disorders; Langerhans cell histiocytoses
20. Bleeding disorders
21. Lymph node pathology (review)
22. Non-Hodgkin‘s lymphomas
23. Hodgkin‘s disease
24. Spleen pathology (review)
25. Lesions of the upper respiratory tract, pharynx, and larynx (review)
26. Tumors of the respiratory system - review
27. Bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis
28. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD/ARDS)
29. Bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia
30. Tuberculosis
31. Sarcoidosis
32. Bronchogenic carcinoma
33. Pleural lesions - review, mesothelioma
34. Esophageal lesions – review
35. Gastritis and peptic ulcer
36. Small bowel lesions (review)
37. Malabsorption syndrome
38. Tumors of esophagus, stomach and small bowel
39. Enterocolitis
40. Bowel obstruction
41. Crohn‘s disease, ulcerative colitis
42. Large bowel lesions (review)
43. Lesions of the appendix
44. Hirschprung‘s disease; diverticulosis
45. Large bowel tumors
46. Lesions of liver (review)
47. Hepatic failure; jaundice
48. Alcoholic liver disease
49. Liver cirrhosis
50. Hemochromatosis. Wilson´s disease.
51. Tumors of liver and biliary tract
52. Lesions of the gallbladder and bile ducts (review)
53. Lesions of the pancreas (review)
54. Pancreatic tumors (exocrine, endocrine)
55. Lesions of the peritoneum (review)
56. Malformations and cysts of the kidney
57. Glomerulonephritis (review)
58. Pyelonephritis
59. Vascular lesions of the kidney; acute tubular necrosis
60. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome
61. Renal failure; uremia
62. Urolithiasis; kidney in diabetes mellitus
63. Tumors of kidney and urinary collecting system
64. Lesions of male genital system (review)
65. Testicular tumors. Prostate cancer.
66. Lesions of the vulva and vagina
67. Lesions of the cervix
68. Lesions of the uterine body
69. Lesions of fallopian tube and ovary
70. Tumors of vulva and vagina
71. Tumors of cervix
72. Tumors of uterine body
73. Tumors of ovary and fallopian tube
74. Diseases of pregnancy; trophoblastic disease
75. Lesions of the breast (review)
76. Breast cancer
77. Vascular disease of the brain
78. Cerebral trauma
79. Meningitis, encephalitis
80. Degenerative and demyelinating diseases of the brain
81. Brain tumors; tumors of peripheral nerves
82. Diseases of the skin (inflammatory lesions, tumors)
83. Pigmented nevi; malignant melanoma
84. Lesions of bones (review)
85. Tumors of bone
86. Lesions of joints (review). Rheumatoid arthritis
87. Osteoarthrosis
88. Soft tissue tumors (review)
89. Systemic lupus erythematosus; Systemic sclerosis; polymyositis
90. Lesions of the pituitary gland
91. Lesions of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
92. Lesions of the adrenals
93. Diabetes mellitus
III. Orofacial Pathology
1. Lesions of the oral cavity (review)
2. Inflammations of oral mucosa
3. Premalignant lesions of oral mucosa
4. Tumors of the oral cavity and pharynx
5. Non-neoplastic salivary gland disorders
6. Benign salivary gland tumors
7. Malignant salivary gland tumors
8. Odontogenic tumors
9. Non-odontogenic tumors of the jaws
10. Developmental anomalies in the head and neck region
11. Caries
12. Pulpal disorders
13. Periodontal lesions
14. Odontogenic cysts
15. Non-odontogenic cysts
16. Diseases of the jaws (review)
17. Diseases of the maxillary sinus
18. Systemic disorders and syndromes with orofacial manifestation
19. Lymphoreticular diseases in the head and neck region
