LACK OF AGRICULTURE TOOLS ITS EFFECT TO THE
AGRI-CROPS STUDENTS IN SUMOROY
AGRO - INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL
BADILLES, MARIA LIZA P.
CAPACIO, MARIALYN
CAPARROSO, RICHARD
POTOT, MA. FE
DR. GEMMA S. CALOT
TEACHER
2018
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
This study about lack of agricultural tools and it’s
effect to the agri-crops students was instigated by the
Senior highs school student of Sumoroy Agro-Industrial
School, Palapag N. Samar.
Appropriate agricultural tools and equipment should
contribute to the broad objective of increasing the
viability of the small farm. Where small farmers are
currently employing traditional technologies that are
inefficient, they often cannot improve this technology
because of the leap in scale and capital cost to
commercially available equipment. It is therefore the goal
of intermediate technology proponents to help fill this gap
with good quality tools and equipment that are affordable
and suited to the scale of operations of the small farmers.
There is a tendency for equipment development and
commercial firms to concentrate their energies on tools
that are affordable only to the wealthier farmers. This
happens in part because of a focus on what technically
could be done, without attention to financial constraints
faced by the typical small farmer. Contributing factors
include the inappropriate application of industrialized,
extensive farming strategies to small intensive farming
communities, and the failure to include the small farmer in
the process of identifying helpful new technologies that
can truly fit into the existing farming system. The result
is usually either outright failure of innovations to
attract interest or the consolidation of landholdings by
wealthier farmers taking advantage of the technology newly
available. The position of tenant farmer may become worse,
and that of small farmer in general is not improved.
Appropriate technology advocates must be careful to avoid
repeating these mistakes.
The degree of concentration of land ownership is a key
factor in determining if there are opportunities available
for appropriate technology strategies in a community.
Agricultural technologies developed with and for the
smallest farmer can certainly strengthen the viability of
their farms. But if most families have no land at all, land
reform and the establishment of rural industries may be far
more important steps in a positive community development
program than the improvement of agricultural tools and
equipment.
In most of Asia and much of Latin America, farms are
quite small. Under these conditions, most mechanized
equipment will not increase the amount of food produced,
but will only decrease the amount of labor required.
Productivity per acre or hectare may in fact decline if
these large tools require extra space to maneuver and wide
lanes to drive or roll over. The appropriate tools under
such circumstances, even if supported by unlimited
resources, would be very different than those used in the
United States, where the amount of cultivated land per
capita is relatively large.
From the national perspective, support for communities
of small farms should bring significant benefits. Whereas
it has been widely assumed that only the large farm could
efficiently increase national food production in the
struggle against hunger, mounting evidence from many
countries indicates that the small farm has higher yields
per acre and plays a crucial role in the distribution of
food.1
1
David Bartecchi, villageearth.org/pages/sourcebook/agricultural-tools p1-6
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed at determining the effect of lack of
agriculture tools and its effect to the agri-crops students
of Sumoroy Agro Industrial School, Palapag, Northern Samar.
Specifically, this study will try to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents, as of:
1.1 age
1.2 sex
1.3 educational attainment
2. What kind of agriculture tools to be use by the agri-
crop students?
3. What are the effective ways to solve the problem of
lack of agricultural tools?
4. Is there a significant difference between the
sufficient agricultural tools to lack of agricultural
tools in terms of gardening and farming?
Objective of the Study
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect
of lack of agriculture tools to the agri-crops student of
Sumoroy Agro Industrial School. Specifically the study
aimed to determine the following:
1. profile of the respondents, as of:
1.1 age
1.2 sex
1.3 Educational Attainment
2. To know the kind of agriculture tools to be use by the
agri- crop students.
3. To determine the effective ways to solve the problem
of lack of agricultural tools.
4. Determine the significant difference between the
sufficient agricultural tools to lack of agricultural
tools in terms of gardening and farming.
Importance of the study
This study is significant to investigate the effect of
lack of agriculture tools to the agri-crop students of
Sumoroy Agro-Industrial School, Palapag N. Samar.
In this context, the study is important for the
following reasons:
Department of Education. So that they will know the problem
about lack of agriculture tools for the agri-crops
students.
Parents. this study will give them information about the
problem of the agri-crop students.
Researchers. This study will provide them with additional
information on factors that are related to the variable of
the present study.
Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study was to determine about the
lack of agriculture tools its effect to the agri-crop
students.
Furthermore, we aimed to collect ideas and
recommendations in order to facilitate the development of
effective and tailored intervention programs aiming to know
the effect of lack of agriculture tools to the agri-crop
students of SAIS.
Scope Delimitation
This study focused on determining lack of agriculture
tools it’s effect to the agri-crop students of Sumuroy Agro
Industrial School, Palapag Northern Samar.
Specifically this study is delimited to the
determination of the respondents’ profile in terms of their
age, sex and educational attainment. This study will also
determine lack of agriculture tools; its effect to the
students and the significant difference between the
sufficient agricultural tools to lack of agricultural tools
in terms of gardening and farming
Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored on the Benchmarks study, the
idea that there are drawbacks as well as benefits to
technology. As Benchmarks states, Most of the complexities
of the social consequences of the use of technology can
wait, but students should begin to consider alternative
ways of doing something and compare the advantages and
disadvantages. Through working on this lesson, students
will gain experience with the idea that there are positive
and negative consequences of technology and will be
challenged to think through these consequences in
relationship to farming.
You will need to create a safe environment for
students who may not have a positive view of technology
that requires less people power on a farm. You will also
need to be sensitive to the personal way this lesson
addresses the lives of students whose families farm.
It is important to note that this lesson is mainly written
for students who do not have day to day living experience
with farming. If your students are from farming families,
you will need to alter some of the questions to more
appropriately match the students’ current knowledge base.2
Moreover the study conducted by David Bartecchi.
Appropriate agricultural tools and equipment should
contribute to the broad objective of increasing the
viability of the small farm. Where small farmers are
currently employing traditional technologies that are
inefficient, they often cannot improve this technology
because of the leap in scale and capital cost to
commercially available equipment. It is therefore the goal
of intermediate technology proponents to help fill this gap
with good quality tools and equipment that are affordable
and suited to the scale of operations of the small farmers.
There is a tendency for equipment development and
commercial firms to concentrate their energies on tools
that are affordable only to the wealthier farmers. This
happens in part because of a focus on what technically
could be done, without attention to financial constraints
2
Benchmarks for Science Literacy, p.45.
faced by the typical small farmer. Contributing factors
include the inappropriate application of industrialized,
extensive farming strategies to small intensive farming
communities, and the failure to include the small farmer in
the process of identifying helpful new technologies that
can truly fit into the existing farming system. The result
is usually either outright failure of innovations to
attract interest or the consolidation of landholdings by
wealthier farmers taking advantage of the technology newly
available. The position of tenant farmer may become worse,
and that of small farmer in general is not improved.
Appropriate technology advocates must be careful to avoid
repeating these mistakes.
The degree of concentration of land ownership is a key
factor in determining if there are opportunities available
for appropriate technology strategies in a community.
Agricultural technologies developed with and for the
smallest farmer can certainly strengthen the viability of
their farms. But if most families have no land at all, land
reform and the establishment of rural industries may be far
more important steps in a positive community development
program than the improvement of agricultural tools and
equipment.
In most of Asia and much of Latin America, farms are
quite small. Under these conditions, most mechanized
equipment will not increase the amount of food produced,
but will only decrease the amount of labor required.
Productivity per acre or hectare may in fact decline if
these large tools require extra space to maneuver and wide
lanes to drive or roll over. The appropriate tools under
such circumstances, even if supported by unlimited
resources, would be very different than those used in the
United States, where the amount of cultivated land per
capita is relatively large.
From the national perspective, support for communities
of small farms should bring significant benefits. Whereas
it has been widely assumed that only the large farm could
efficiently increase national food production in the
struggle against hunger, mounting evidence from many
countries indicates that the small farm has higher yields
per acre and plays a crucial role in the distribution of
food.
In connection with the above idea, agricultural tools
is important in farming.
Conceptual Framework
This study dealt with the profile of the respondents
in terms of age, sex and educational attainment and lack of
agriculture tools which are the independent variables, and
its effect to the agri-crop students as dependent variable.
Paradigm
The fundamental conceptualization of this study is
presented in the schematic illustration as follows:
1. Profile of the respondents
1.1 age
1.2 sex Effects to
1.3 educational attainment the agri-crop
2. lack of agriculture tools students
A paradigm that shows the relationship between the
independent variable and dependent variable.
Null hypothesis
This study will test the null hypothesis:
1. There is no significant difference in lack of
agriculture tools to its effect to the agri-crop
students of Sumoroy Agro Industrial School, Palapag
Northern Samar.
Definition of Terms
Lack to be without or to have less than a desirable
quantity of something.
Agriculture the science, art, or practice of cultivating
the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and in
varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the
resulting products.
Agriculture tools there are many types of such equipment,
from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the
countless kinds of farm implements that they tow or
operate.
Crop is a plant or animal product that can be grown and
harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. Crop may
refer either to the harvested parts or to the harvest in a
more refined state (husked, shelled, etc.).
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY
This study presents a review of literature and studies
relevant to the present study.
Related Literature and study
Rural farmers account for the greater part of the
population of any developing country such as Nigeria.
Governments of developing countries have a major
responsibility of ensuring that there is adequate rural
development in their various communities and local
governments which would lead to effective and efficient
agricultural systems that will not only supply food and
animal protein but also foster the utilization of natural
resources in a sustainable manner (CGIAR, 1995). When the
rural farmers lack access to knowledge and information that
would help them achieve maximum agricultural yield, they
are not only grope in the dark but are driven to the urban
centres in search of formal employment, as the only option
for survival (Munyua, 2000). Blait (1996) pointed out that
the least expensive input for improved rural agricultural
development is adequate access to knowledge and information
in areas of new agricultural technologies, early warning
systems (drought, pests, diseases etc), improved seedlings,
fertilizer, credit, market prices etc. There have been
short-comings of traditional print and library based
methods (Van and Fortier, 2000) of providing such
agricultural information to rural farmers who are generally
illiterate and relatively remote from formal sources of
information (e.g. extension stations, libraries). Aina
(2007) also, was of the opinion that farmers would benefit
from global information, if information centres, are cited
in rural areas complete with all information and
communication gadgets.
Rural farmers in Nsukka local government area of Enugu
state are not noted to produce enough food, probably due to
some constraints that lead to lack of access to timely and
up-to-date information which would have enabled them to
achieve optimal yield from their farmlands. Such
information is highly desired by these farmers and can only
be made available to them via extension workers, community
libraries, state and local government agricultural agencies
(ADP, ENADEP etc), e-mail or the World Wide Web (WWW) in a
telecentre (Telecommons Development Group, 2000). In this
modern day of information technology, telecentres provide
the rural farmers with prompt and reliable information
about what is happening in areas of improved seedlings,
better methods of cultivation and fertilizer application,
pest and weed control/eradication, new advances in
livestock production and disease control etc. Where rural
farmers are not faced with constraints in accessing
agricultural information, traditional media such as rural
radio, has been used in delivering agricultural messages to
rural farmers (Munyua, 2000). Other ways of delivering
these messages or information to the rural farmers include
print, video, television, films, slides, pictures, drama,
dance, folklore, group discussions, meetings, exhibitions
and demonstrations (Munyua, 2000).
The lack of access to basic agricultural knowledge and
information by rural farmers in Nsukka local government
area of Enugu State which may be as a result of certain
constraints has made these farmers to stick to their old
traditional methods of farming system and animal husbandry
practice, hence resulting in poor crop and livestock
productivity. Information and knowledge are very vital in
agricultural development of any community and where they
are poorly disseminated as a result of certain constraints,
the community’s agricultural development becomes highly
impeded. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate
the constraints of the rural farmers in Nsukka local
government area of Enugu State in accessing agricultural
information.
In this study, the percentage gender distribution of
the rural Nsukka farmers’ respondents show that males (men)
(69.8%) are more involved in farming work than females
(women). Only 30.2% of the females were identified as
farmers in this study. This observation is not surprising
as farming activity is more or less a tedious work that
requires enormous strength and energy. Nweke (1980) and
King (1992) revealed that men perform more difficult
farming operations, such as land preparation (clearing
bushes and making of mounds and ridges) while women and
children perform lighter operations, such as planting,
fertilizer application, weeding etc.
In the area of study (Nsukka LGA), majority of the
rural farmers’ respondents who practice farming are in the
age range of 46-55 years (49.9%). Few of the respondents in
the age range of 36-45 years (26.0%) also practice farming
in their different communities. These days, the active
young men and women (26-35 years and 36-45 years) who
should form the bulk of the work force have deserted the
rural communities and moved to the cities in search of
government employment. Obviously this trend has not
encouraged rural productivity as it has left farming in the
hands of the old, the illiterate and very few energetic
young men who live in the villages, perhaps only due to
unavoidable circumstances (Adebayo, 1999). 49.9% of the
rural farmers’ respondents in this study engage in crop
farming while 51.0% practice livestock farming. Most of the
livestock farmers’ respondents in Nsukka LGA keep pigs
(34%) and West African Dwarf sheep and goats (24%).
Having accessing to agricultural information is an
essential ingredient that would always lead to better crop
and livestock production in any community. Farmers in
Nigeria seldom feel the impact of agricultural innovation
either because they have no access to such vital
information or because it is poorly disseminated (Ozowa,
1995. Some of the rural farmers’ interviewees reported that
they have in the past received new improved maize seedlings
and cassava stem (Manihut palmata) from ADP and ENADEP. All
these are geared towards better maize and cassava
production in Nsukka LGA. The rural farmers’ respondents
have also benefited from distribution of new vaccines and
drugs from the Enugu State ministry of Agriculture for
healthy livestock production in Nsukka LGA. Other aspects
of agricultural information which the rural farmers
respondents have benefited from in the past as evidenced
from the result of this study include: new methods of crop
preservation, introduction of new herbicides and pesticides
for the control of farm weeds and insect pests, methods of
crop disease treatment and control, better systems of crop
rotation and fertilizer application and types of soil and
best soil type for planting.
Rural farmers are meant to know and also adopt
agricultural innovations relevant to their situations. It
is the duty of institutional and government organs (the
Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services-AERLS,
the extension services of the Agricultural Development
Project-ADPs, Ministries of Agriculture at both state and
federal levels, Media Forum for Agriculture, Cooperative
Extension Centres-CEC of universities etc) to ensure that
towns and villages in Nigeria have easy access to
agricultural information for enhancement of crop
productivity and better animal husbandry practice. From the
result of this study (Table 6), the major organs used in
accessing agricultural information by the rural farmers’
respondents in Nsukka LGA are posters, radio, television,
leaflets, extension workers and ADP/ENADEP agents. Ozowa,
(1995) stated that media such as leaflets, newsletters,
posters, exhibition, visual aids and radio/television
programmes are used in communicating agricultural
information to towns and villages. Radio and television
(though controlled by government) are popular organs in
disseminating agricultural information to rural farmers. Of
all the existing channels of agricultural communication,
Nigerian farmers rank extension (extension services/agents)
highest in terms of providing credible information and
advice, especially on agricultural technology (Ozowa, 1995). A
major function of extension is to get the farmer into a
frame of mind and attitude conducive to acceptance of
technological change.
Some crop and livestock production constraints or
problems are encountered by the Nsukka rural farmers’
respondents in this study. These constraints or problems
include poor agricultural yield, poultry diseases,
destruction of crops by locusts and destruction of crops by
farm worms. When Nsukka rural farmers have adequate access
to agricultural information regarding to these identified
crop and livestock constraints in Nsukka LGA, there is
bound to be better production results. Poultry drugs and
vaccines as well as pesticides from the state ministry of
Agriculture will be able to take care of the ravaging
poultry diseases and crop farm worms and pests menacing
crops on farms.
In most cases, when rural farmers try to have access
to agricultural information, they are often groped with
some constraints and the resultant effect of this is always
poor agricultural yield. The result of this study revealed
a good number of constraints which the rural farmers’
respondents encounter in accessing agricultural information
from their communities. These constraints are lack of
access roads for regular visits by extension officers, poor
public relation of some extension staff, poor radio and
television signals, none availability of electricity supply
in most Nsukka villages, lack of funds to purchase
newsletters, leaflets on agricultural information;
illiteracy and inability of radio and television stations
in Enugu State to broadcast agricultural information
programmes in native Nsukka dialect. 3
3
Nnenna A. Obidike Nnamdi Azikiwe Library ,University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/obidike.htm
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Locale of the Study
This study will be conducted in the Sumoroy Agro
Industrial School, located at Barangay Tinampo,
Municipality of Palapag, Northern Samar. Palapag is the
located at the North Eastern part on Northern Samar. It
serves as a gateway to the mainland of the so called
pacific towns, composed of 32 barangays.
The Respondents
The respondents of this study are Agri-crops Students
of Sumoroy Agro Industrial School.
Research Design
The descriptive survey method of research,
involving the use of a questionnaire and documentary
analysis will be utilized in conducting this study. The
descriptive method of research will be a great emphasis and
used in order to come up with a substantial, accurate, and
fully accessible data for the study.
Research Instrument
The data gathering instrument will be a questionnaire.
Equipped with the knowledge gained from the readings, the
researchers will construct the questionnaire. It will be
shown to his/her adviser for improvement. After its
revision or improvement, some copies will be produced and
issued to the target respondents. Before the administration
of the questionnaire, a letter of request permitting the
researchers to conduct the study.
After a week, the copies of the questionnaire will
be gathered. The responses of the respondents who answered
the specific questions will be tabulated and presented in
distribution tables. They will be analyzed and interpreted
using certain suitable answer.
Population and Sampling
This research will employ simple random sampling of
Agri-crops students of Sumoroy Agro Industrial School,
Palapag, Northern Samar.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers will ask permission from the SAIS
principal to conduct research. Survey questionnaire will be
distributed to 100 respondents. The data gathered will be
presented analyzed, and interpreted. Then the findings will
be summarized and concluded.
Procedures of testing data:
Collected data were presented on tables. All this data
were based on the feedback from the questionnaires,
frequency distribution and percentage were done on all
variables using the following formulas:
1. Percentage
P=nx100
P= Percentage
n= Small portion
N= Total number
http://sites.psu.edu/ceepa/2015/06/07/the-importance-of-
school-facilities-in-improving-student-outcomes/
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2012/208907/
