BFC10202

NATURE CONSERVATION

TITLE PROJECT :
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ISSUES
[ HOUSEHOLD ]
SECTION :

1. NURUL NAJIHA BT BADROL HISHAM [CF150070]

2. NUR SYAZWANI AFIFAH BT MOHD SAIBI [ CF150093 ]
GROUP MEMBER : 3. NURRASYIDAH BT ISHAK [CF150030]
4. SYAFIQAH NUR FATIN BT ABU BAKAR [CF150004]
5. AMIRAH HANI BT MOHD GHAZALI [CF150237]

LECTURER NAME : 1. DR. AESLINA BT ABU BAKAR

2. DR. AMANI FILZAH BT MOHD KAMIL
1.0 INTRODUCTION.

Solid waste can be defined as the useless and unwanted products in the solid state derived from
the activities of and discarded by society. Just as children depend on their parents for shelter and
sustainability, mankind depends on the environment to sustain their lives. The environment
consists of every single living being on Earth, from the smallest microorganism to the giant
whale that swims in the depths of the ocean.

Solid waste is one of the three major environmental problems in Malaysia. It plays a
significant role in the ability of Nature to sustain life within its capacity. Currently, over 23,000
tonnes of waste is produced each day in Malaysia. However, this amount is expected to rise to
30,000 tonnes by the year 2020. The amount of waste generated continues to increase due to the
increasing population and development, and only less than 5% of the waste is being recycled.

Waste, or rubbish, trash, junk, garbage, depending on the type of material or the regional
terminology, is an unwanted or undesired material or substance. It may consist of the unwanted
materials left over from a manufacturing process (industrial, commercial, mining or agricultural
operations,) or from community and household activities. The material may be discarded or
accumulated, stored, or treated (physically, chemically, or biologically), prior to being discarded
or recycled. It is also used to describe something we use inefficiently or inappropriately.

The remaining solid waste is the result of human socio-economic activities which have a
gross nature and considered useless and solid waste management are among the main problems
faced by many cities in developing countries. The quantity of solid waste generated is
comparable to the population inhabiting an area. So the increase in population, the increase in
socioeconomic status and lifestyle changes are becoming increasingly sophisticated and are
followed by an increase in domestic waste, businesses and factories, a major factor in the
increase of solid waste. At the same time the capacity of the landfill is very limited. The
spaciousness of the landfill in Malaysia usually 5-36 ha (20 -150 acres) depending on the
location and amount of generation (Liew Yin Fen, 2005). According to Imura et al. (2005),
growth.
 High population growth combined with rapid urban population has increased waste
generation and changes in the composition of the waste. In urban areas in Malaysia the average
solid waste generated is 760,000 tons of solid waste per day as compared to the total 1.8 million
tonnes per day in the year. Solid waste management is actually a global issue. China also has a
long history of solid waste management. Since 4000 years ago, people have been using solid
waste as fertilizer on their farm to improve soil fertility.

2.0 OBJECTIVE.

1. To improve waste minimization strategy and control. Modern waste management

is shifted to a more flexible waste hierarchy concept, also called as 3R (reduce,
reuse, recycle)
2. To explain what is a solid waste disposal issues and effect from solid waste and
how solid waste happens.
3. How to reduce the solid waste.
 Figure 1 : 3R concept.

CONCEPT OF RECYCLING: 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle)

Recycling process is a process that involves processing, collecting and reusing materials once
considered waste. To ensure the recycling program to reach the goals set solid waste
management that emphasizes the concept and practice of 3R (reuse, REDUSE, RECYCLE)
should be implemented effectively.

Reduction of solid waste through the implementation of 3R, Reduce (reduction), reuses
(Reuse) and Recycle (recycling) is the core of one of the Solid Waste Management Policy. 3R
elements are also part of the Solid Waste Hierarchy. The application of 3Rs in society may
indirectly reduce the production of solid waste disposed of to landfill.

1. Reduction: Choose wisely the materials used to reduce the amount of solid waste
generated.
2. Reuse: Activities reuse some of the materials or substances which can still be
used again.
3. Recycling: Collecting and sorting of solid waste for the purpose of producing an
output.
4. Reduction of solid waste can be achieved through effective with the first focusing
on the 3Rs, namely, "reduction" followed by "reuse" and finally "recycling".
 Many items are considered as waste may be used for other purposes. Waste reduction can
be done by diversifying the use. For example:

1. Buy items in bulk to minimize materials used for packaging purposes.

2. Purchase of beverages such as coffee, sugar, creamer in large quantities and mix
in reusable containers.
3. When moving house, buying stuff that does not want to be used again at the flea
market.
4. Minimize the use of paper by using both sides of the paper when using the copier.
5. Distribute documents such as reports or memos in the form of electronic mail.
6. Optimize packing of goods purchased in a plastic bag.

There is many way to reuse. For example:

1. Reuse plastic bottles.

Figure 2 : For watering cans and desk organizer.

2. Reuse shoes box.

Figure 3 : Cables box and desk box.

3. Reuse toilet papers rolls.

Figure 4 : Hair accessory holder and planter.

3.0 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE.

1. Household Solid Waste :

Definition: Any solid waste generated by a household, and of a kind that is usually
generated by or produced by any premises once occupied as a dwelling, and includes
garden waste.
Examples: Food waste, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, garden waste, wood,
glass, metal material such as aluminum cans and so on.
Effect: water pollution and unpleasant odor environment.

Figure 5: Pollution around housing in Parit Raja.

2. Public Solid Waste :

Definition: Any solid waste generated by the public, which is under the supervision or
control of any local authority.
Example: Garbage found in the streets under maintenance by Local Authorities (LAs),
the rest of the landscape, the rest of the playground, the beach and other recreational
areas.
Effect: Air pollution (odors) in public environment
 .
Figure 6 : Rubbish at the side of the road

3. Commercial Solid Waste :

Definition: It is comprised of solid waste generated from any commercial activity.
Example: Paper, cardboard, plastic, wood, food waste, food, glass, metal and any other
type of wastes generated from commercial activities are not included in special solid
waste.
Cause: Store, restaurants, supermarkets, hotels, guesthouses, printing shops, service
stations, and so on.
Effect: Dangerous to the public and invite wild animals if food wastes dumps excess.

Figure 7: Example of commercial solid waste.

 4. Solid Waste Construction :
Definition: Is any solid waste generated from any construction or demolition activities
including improvement, preparation, repair or alteration.
Example: Lumber, plywood, concrete, metal, drywall, carpet, cardboard, fiberglass, soil
and other waste resulting from the above activities.
Cause: The new construction, renovation or demolition of buildings and so on.
Effect: Dangerous to the public.

Figure 8 : Solid waste at construction site.

4.0 CASE STUDY DESCRIPTION.

1. Quantify of various components and annual rates of solid waste generated in

household.
2. The attitudes of those responsible for generation and management of the solid
waste in the household.
3. Develop a model for solid waste management in household.
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AT THE CASE STUDY.

During the process of searching for information for environmental conservation projects, we had
occupied the village using a variety of methods for disposing of solid waste in the vicinity of
their homes.

However, the method used was incorrect and causes air pollution, water pollution, and
unhealthy ventilation in the home environment. This is how they make the process of disposal of
solid waste:

Figure 10: Resident does not separate their

Figure 9: Open burning.
waste and not suitable disposal area.

Figure 11: Channel sewerage directly into the drain.

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

If a landfill is not controlled can be lead to:

1. Odour pollution.
2. Decreased aesthetic value.
3. Disease due to bacteria or virus (worm bins and flies).
4. Soil pollution.
5. Ground water pollution

7.0 CONSERVATION METHOD

1. Develop a recycling center branch in each residential area.

2. Creating hygiene committees in neighborhoods to monitor cleanliness in residential areas
for example wearing a compound of anyone who does not separate waste.
3. Provide recycling bins with a sufficient number.
4. Make signboard on recycling awareness at all radius of 1 km.
8.0 CONCLUSION

There are different types of waste generated from institutions. The type of waste generated
usually depends on the items used and consumed. The items commonly used in institutions
include packaging materials, papers, pens, food remains, glass, old clothes, computers, metals,
wood, medicine and plastics.

Many items that can be recycled such as paper, plastic, metal and glass. Other items such
as furniture, electrical appliances, building materials and vehicles can also be recycled but the
public is less sensitive to begin with. Buy products that can be recycled when buying goods in
the supermarket, we have to buy things in recyclable containers such as cans, plastic containers
and glass containers. Buy products made from recycled materials you can find out a product is
user-friendly than the product label. Avoid buying products those hazardous products containing
hazardous substances difficult to be recycled. One way to overcome this problem is to not buy
products containing toxic substances.

9.0 REFERENCE

1. Google image
2. http://suaraalam2012.blogspot.my/2012/11/kelestarian-kitar-semula.html
3. http://3a7blp.blogspot.my/2010/10/jenis-jenis-sisa.html
4. http://www.scribd.com/doc/39737489/PENGURUSAN-SISA-PEPEJAL#scribd
5. http://bm.selangorku.com/58640/isu-pengurusan-sisa-pepejal-diperjelas/
6. http://www.malaysian-ghost-research.org/sistem-pengurusan-sisa-pepejal-bersepadu-dan-
pelupusan-terbuka-sifar-menjelang-tahun-2020/#.VmflwdIrLIU
APPENDIX
 MINUTES OF MEETING.

NO DATE AND PLACE OF AGENDA ACTION

TIME MEETING

1. 12/11/2015 Library 1. Group leader present the question Group leader and
2. Every group members discuss the group members
question
2.00 PM 3. Group leader give duty to each
members
 the devided task are list below :
 Syazwani [case study
description]
 Syafikah [environment issues]
 Nurrasyidah [environment
effect]
 Amira [rationate of the design]
 Najiha [conclusion]

2. 15/11/2015 Pusat Niaga Siswa 1. Combine the information that we get Group leader and
( PNS ) from the references group members
2. We make discussion to get the
12.00 PM solution of the project.
3. Discuss to find more information
about the project outside of UTHM.

3. 17/11/2015 Area Parit Raja 1. Find information around Parit Raja Group leader and
 We get a lot of evidence on group members
11.00 AM issues of solid waste disposal

4. 19/11/2015 Cafe Tun Dr. 1. Completing report. Group leader and

Ismail 2. Looking material for video group members
9.00 PM

23/12/2015 Cafe Tun Dr. 1. Provide power point Group leader and
5. Ismail group members
8.00 PM

4. 25/11/2015 Cafe Tun Dr. 1. Group leader collect all the task Group leader and
Ismail given from every group members group members
8.00 PM 2. We discuss about the presentation
3. Group leader choose a presentative
to present