Teaching and learning process
(LEARNING RESOURCES)
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
Dr.Suman Khokhar Sarishti
45
B.Ed.-C
LEARNING
It is a process of
bringing changes in
behaviour of the
learner through
experience.
It results in the
acquisition of
knowledge,skill,interest
s, attitudes etc.
RESOURCES
A resource is a
source from which
benefit is
produced.
It is acquired to
accomplish activity
or to achieve
desired outcomes.
LEARNING RESOURCES
Learning resources
are those devices
and procedures
that help to make
teaching and
learning more
interesting, more
stimulating, more
reinforcing and
more effective.
UTILISATION OF LEARNING RESOURCES
10.PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL
UNDERRSTANDING
PRNCIPLES OF LEARNING
RESOURCES
PRINCIPLE OF SELECTION
Appropriate and wise selection
of learning resources are
required from teachers side as
these resources are helpful for
achieving teaching objectives.
Principles that help to select
learning resources are:
I. principle of learner centredness
Learning resources
should suit:
Age
Maturity
Intellectual level
Motives
Social environment of
the learners.
II. PRINCIPLE OF INTEREST AND MOTIVATION
LEARNING
RESOURCES must be
:
Interesting
Attention catching
Motivating
for the learners for
getting fully absorbed
in learning.
III. PRINCIPLE OF EDUCATIONAL VALUE
LEARNING
RESOURCES should
recreate or provide
variety in teaching
learning situations.
They should not be
employed for the
name sake.
IV. PRINCIPLE OF REALIZATION OF OBJECTIVES
Learning resources must
be capable and
meaningful for the proper
realization of teaching
learning objectives.
V. PRINCIPLE OF SIMPLICITY
LEARNING
RESOURCES should
be simple enough so
that a student can
understand it and
enhance his learnig.
VI. PRINCIPLE OF RELEVENCY AND SUITABILITY
Relevant ,suitable
and appropriate
learning resources
makes topic easy to
understand for the
students.it servv e the
purpose of teaching
in most effective
VII. PRINCIPLE OF ACCURACY
This principle
states that learning
resources should
be accurate and
properly
maintained in order
to provide better
learning.
VIII. PRINCIPLE OF SIZE
LEARNING
RESOURCE should
be prepared
considering size of a
class.
It should serve whole
class.
It should not be too
IX. PRINCIPLE OF AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES
THINGS TO BE
CONSIDERED WHILE
SELECTING LEARNING
RESOURCES:
Financial Budget
Trained teacher
Ability and skills in a
teacher to handle aid
material.
X. PRINCIPLE OF MEANS TO AN END
LEARNING
RESOURCES are
made to help
teachers in order to
provide better
learning not to treat
end means in
themselves.
Principle of utilisation
Utility decides the value of a thing
possessed by us. A teacher should
optimally utilize these resources.
Following are the principles to give
direction to a teacher:
I. PRINCIPLE OF PREPARATION
THINGS TO BE KEPT IN MIND:
1.Awareness of the nature of
learning resources.
2.Way to use it
3.Consultaion of different
resources like, information
bulletin, intruction book etc.
4.Check interest & attitude of
the students
5.Clear objectives before
teaching.
II. PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICAL CONTROL
Need of physical control is
required in order to :
1.Safe guard learning
resources.
2.Provide economy of time,
labour and money.
3.Generate and cause optimum
teaching learning conditions.
EX: PROPER
III. PRINCIPLE OF PROPER PRESENTATION
THINGS TO BE KEPT IN
MIND:
1.Caerfull plan and
visualization of learning
resources.
2.Techniques of the showman
3.Care for maximum
utilization
4.Minimisation of errors or no
errors.
iv. Principle of action
Teacher should instruct:
1.To remain quite alert and
attentive while listening or
observing the displayed
resources.
2.Encouragement to
respond actively
3.Utilize experiences
efficiently
V. PRINCIPLE OF APPRAISAL
EVALUATION OF MATERIAL
AIDA:
1.To what extent has it
helped the teacher in the
teaching task?
2.How much has it
contributed to make
classroom environment
healthy?
3.What are the difficulties
Limitations of learning resources
APATHY OF THE INDIFFERENCE TO
TEACHERS: STUDENTS:
Teachers views do not One learning resource
match on the concept may not satisfy the
of teaching using curiosity of all students
learning resources. ta a time.
Teachers may feel Individual differences
uncomfortable and are ignored using
wastage of time and concept of teaching with
energy for preparing learning resources.
and delivering lecture
using aids.
INEFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCIAL
THE AIDA: DIFFICULTIES:
Learning
resources may Learning
considered as resources looses
ineffective on the its value if they
following grouds differ in input and
output.
1 money Input: finance
2 time needed to
3 evaluation prepare aid
aspect Output: results in
4 follow up the form of
criteria learning
DEPENDENCY ON LACK OF FACILITIES IN
ELECTRICITY: TRAINING :
learning One of the
resources like drawback of
PPT, e books learning
or other resource is that
computerized it lacks in
material need teacher training.
electricity supply Even teachers
, are not efficient
But in Indian enough to
conditions it is optimaly utilise
not favorable these resources
everywhere in effective
