PRACTICE – CHAPTER 4 – CVP ANALYSIS

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1.Two costs at Bradshaw Company appear below for specific months of operation.
Month Amount Units Produced
Delivery costs September $ 40,000 40,000
October 55,000 60,000
Utilities September $ 84,000 40,000
October 126,000 60,000
Which type of costs are these?
a. Delivery costs and utilities are both variable.
b. Delivery costs and utilities are both mixed.
c. Utilities are mixed and delivery costs are variable.
d. Delivery costs are mixed and utilities are variable.

2. An increase in the level of activity will have the following effects on unit costs for variable and
fixed costs:
Unit Variable Cost Unit Fixed Cost
a. Increases Decreases
b. Remains constant Remains constant
c. Decreases Remains constant
d. Remains constant Decreases

3. Cost behavior analysis is a study of how a firm's costs

a. relate to competitors' costs.
b. relate to general price level changes.
c. respond to changes in the level of business activity.
d. respond to changes in the gross national product.

4. If the activity level increases 10%, total variable costs will

a. remain the same.
b. increase by more than 10%.
c. decrease by less than 10%.
d. increase 10%.

5. Frazier Manufacturing Company collected the following production data for the past month:
Units Produced Total Cost
1,600 $66,000
1,300 57,000
1,500 67,500
1,100 49,500
If the high-low method is used, what is the monthly total cost equation?
a. Total cost = $13,200 + $33/unit
b. Total cost = $16,500 + $30/unit
c. Total cost = $0 + $45/unit
d. Total cost = $9,900 + $36/unit
6. At the high level of activity in November, 7,000 machine hours were run and power costs
were $18,000. In April, a month of low activity, 2,000 machine hours were run and power
costs amounted to $9,000. Using the high-low method, the estimated fixed cost element
of power costs is
a. $18,000.
b. $9,000.
c. $5,400.
d. $12,600.
7. Hollis Industries produces flash drives for computers, which it sells for $20 each. Each
flash drive costs $13 of variable costs to make. During April, 1,000 drives were sold. Fixed
costs for March were $2 per unit for a total of $1,000 for the month. How much is the
contribution margin ratio?
a. 25%
b. 35%
c. 65%
d. 75%

8. Contribution margin
a. is always the same as gross profit margin.
b. excludes variable selling costs from its calculation.
c. is calculated by subtracting total manufacturing costs per unit from sales revenue per
unit.
d. equals sales revenue minus variable costs.

9. If a company had a contribution margin of $1,000,000 and a contribution margin ratio of

40%, total variable costs must have been
a. $1,500,000.
b. $600,000.
c. $2,500,000.
d. $400,000.
10. Walters Corporation sells radios for $50 per unit. The fixed costs are $525,000 and the
variable costs are 60% of the selling price. As a result of new automated equipment, it is
anticipated that fixed costs will increase by $125,000 and variable costs will be 50% of the
selling price. The new break-even point in units is:
a. 26,250
b. 26,000
c. 25,750
d. 21,000
11. Cunningham, Inc. sells MP3 players for $60 each. Variable costs are $40 per unit, and
fixed costs total $120,000. What sales are needed by Cunningham to break even?
a. $160,000.
b. $300,000.
c. $360,000.
d. $480,000.

12. Aero, Inc. requires sales of $2,000,000 to cover its fixed costs of $600,000 and to earn
net income of $500,000. What percent are variable costs of sales?
 a. 25%
b. 45%
c. 30%
d. 55%

13. Lansbury Manufacturing produces hair brushes. The selling price is $20 per unit and the
variable costs are $8 per brush. Fixed costs per month are $4,800. If Lansbury sells 30
more units beyond breakeven, how much does profit increase as a result?
a. $360
b. $600
c. $240
d. $1,200

14. Hayduke Corporation reported the following results from the sale of 5,000 units in May:
sales $300,000, variable costs $180,000, fixed costs $90,000, and net income $30,000.
Assume that Hayduke increases the selling price by 5% on June 1. How many units will
have to be sold in June to maintain the same level of net income?
a. 4,444.
b. 4,600.
c. 4,750.
d. 5,000.

15. Webber, Inc. developed the following information for its product:
Per Unit
Sales price $90
Variable cost 63
Contribution margin $27

Total fixed costs $1,215,000

Instructions
Answer the following independent questions and show computations using the contribution
margin technique to support your answers.
1. How many units must be sold to break even?
2. What is the total sales that must be generated for the company to earn a profit of $60,000?
3. If the company is presently selling 50,000 units, but plans to spend an additional $108,000 on
an advertising program, how many additional units must the company sell to earn the same
net income it is now making?
4. Using the original data in the problem, compute a new break-even point in units if the unit
sales price is increased 20%, unit variable cost is increased by 10%, and total fixed costs are
increased by $236,250.

Solution 179 (15–20 min.)

$1,215,000
1. = 45,000 units must be sold to break even.
$27
2. Contribution margin ratio = 30% ($27 ÷ $90).

$1,215,000 + $60,000
= $4,250,000 total sales
.30

$108,000
3. = 4,000 additional units
$27

4. New sales price $108.00 ($90 × 1.20)

New variable cost 69.30 ($63 × 1.10)
New contribution margin $38.70

New total fixed costs $1,451,250 ($1,215,000 + $236,250)

$1,451,250
= 37,500 units (rounded) is the new break-even point.
38.70