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TENSES

No Tenses Pola kalimat Fungsi Keterangan Waktu Contoh Kalimat

1 Simple Present Tense a. Kalimat verbal  Kebiasaan  Every morning/ day/ week/  Sari studies Math every day.
S + V1 s/es  Fakta month/ year  Andra is a student
b. Kalimat Nominal  Kebenaran Umum  Once, twice, three times,  Water flows from the higher
S + To Be + ANA  Occasionally, nowadays, places into the lower places.
(Adjective, Noun, frequently  Lisa always reads a novel after
Averb)  Adverb of frequency ; always, school.
usually, sometimes, often,
never, seldom
2 Present Continuous Subject + To Be (is/ am/ are)  Suatu peristiwa yang  Now, right now,  Jean is still playing at the
Tense + V-ing sedang berlangsung  At the moment moment.
masa sekarang ini.  Kata kerja seperti ; Look !  They are discussing about hiking
 Suatu peristiwa di masa Listen! Watch!etc. now.
akan datang dengan  Tomorrow, tonight, next year  Look! The man is jumping over
keterangan waktu masa (keterangan waktu masa the bridge.
datang akan datang)  She is going to Bromo next
holiday.
3 Present Perfect Subject + have/ has + V-3  Suatu peristiwa yang  Since, for, just (baru  Shinta has watched the movie
dilakukan pada masa saja),lately, recently, before.
lampau dan masih ada  As yet (hingga kini), so far, up  Mira has written a number of
hubungan dengan masa to present short stories.
sekarang.  They have lived in London for
 Peristiwa dilakukan di two years.
masa lampau dengan  I have worked here since 2001.
waktu yang tidak spesifik

4 Present Perfect Subject + have/ has + been  Suatu aktifitas yang  Since, for  I have been learning English
Continuous Tense +V-ing dimulai di masa lampau since 1999 ( saya telah sedang
dan masih berlangsung belajar bahasa Inggris sejak
sampai sekarang 1999)
5. Simple Past a. Kalimat verbal  Peristiwa di masa lalu  Last week/ month/ year  Linda met Aris yesterday
S + V2 dengan waktu tertentu.  … ago  Sari and Lina visited Bromo last
b. Kalimat Nominal  Menyatakan kebiasaan  This morning/ afternoon holiday.
S + was/ were + ANA di masa lalu  Just now, yesterday  Jim always carried his car last
(Adjective, Noun, season.
Averb)  King Salman came to Indonesia
last year.
6 Past Continuous Subject + was/ were + V-ing  Peristiwa yang sedang  At this time yesterday.  She was playing scrabble with
dilakukan di masa  At seven o’clock last night her sister at eight o’clock last
lampau  At three oclock yesterday night.
 Peristiwa yang sedang  I was sleeping when someone
berlangsung di masa knocked the door.
lampau saat kejadian lain  While Indi was driving, someone
terjadi (penggunaan shouted for help.
klausa dengan when/
while/as)
7 Past Perfect Subject + had + V-3  Peristiwa yang terjadi  When + clausa (past tense)  After we had waited for an hour,
sebelum peristiwa lain di  After + clausa (past perfect), the train came.
masa lampau …  He had saved up for two years
 Peristiwa yang terjadi before he reagistered to
dalam periode tertentu university.
hingga peristiwa kedua  The sun had set down before I
terjadi was ready to go.
 Peristiwa yang terjadi
berulang ulang sebelum
peristiwa kedua terjadi
8 Past Perfect Subject + had + been +V-ing  Suatu aktifitas yang lebih  before, for, when  When he got home, he was very
Continuous lama telah terjadi dan tired because he had been
berlangsung sampai working all day.
suatu saat di masa
lampau, selesai sebelum
aktifitas lain terjadi di
masa lampau
9 Simple Future Subject + shall/will + V-1  Peristiwa yang akan  Tomorrow, tonight  He will probably pass the exam.
terjadi  Next … week/holiday/month/  They will go to Bali next holiday
 Prediksi tentang kejadian year  The president will open the Keris
yang akan datang Museum next week
10 Future Continuous Subject + shall/will + be + V-  Peristiwa yang sedang  When + clausa (present)  You will be doing your test this
ing berlangsung di masa  At the usual next week time next week.
akan datang  At this time tomorrow  When you visit me at eight o’clock
 At four o clock tomorrow tonight, I will be studying English.

11 Future Perfect Subject + shall/ will + have +  Peristiwa yang sudah  By then  By the end of this week, we will
V-3 terjadi sebelum  By … have done the project.
peristiwa berikutnya  By the end of  The mechanics will have worked
terjadi di masa akan  Into two weeks/ months/ on the motorbike before the race
datang years starts.
 Peristiwa yang terjadi  Before +clausa (present,
dalam periode tertentu when + clausa (present)
hingga peristiwa kedua
terjadi di masa akan
datang
12 Future Perfect Subject + will + have + been  Suatu aktifitas yang  For three hours at that time  We will have been working for
Continuous +V-ing sedang berlangsung  Two hours by six o’ clock the office for two years.
sebelum waktu atau  Too long by that time  I will have been teaching here
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peristiwa lain di masa for fifteen years this year.

datang.
 Suatu aktifitas yang
menekankan
keberhasilan di masa
akan datang