Tenses

A. Simple Present and Simple Past

Simple Present
 Kebiasaan / rutinitas
 Kebenaraan saat ini
 Fakta ilmiah dan hasil riset

S + V1 * Untuk subjek she, he, it, tambahkan akhiran –e/-es pada akhiran V1

Example:

 I swim every weekend  It swims every weekend

(Rutinitas, pasti tiap weekend  A doctor usually works in a
berenang) hospital
 They swim every month  Our presidential election takes
(Rutinitas, pasti tiap bulan place every four year (rutin,
berenang) diadakan tiap empat tahun)
 She swims every morning

*doesn’t untuk subjek she, he,it.

S + don’t/doesn’t+V1 *V1 kembali ke bentuk asal (tanpa tambahan akhiran apapun)

Example:
 I don’t swim today  Father doesn’t play football
 She doesn’t speak arabic  The sun doesn’t go round the
 The computer doesn’t speak earth
English  You don’t go anywhere

Do / Does + S + V1 ? * Does untuk subjek she, he, it

Example:
 Does martin sing?  Do you sing?
 Does the cat eat salmon?  Do they swim?

Simple Past
 Membicarakan aktivitas dimasa lampau dengan waktu yang umum.

*Was / Were digunakan jika kata selanjutnya adalah kata

S + V2
sifat/benda/keterangan.
* Was/were dijadikan sebagai verb
*Was = is | Were = are
Example:
 I opened the door last night  They were late yesterday
 She saw the cat yesterday  My father bought fruit from
 I was late yesterday market. It was cheap
 She was late yesterday
 S + didn’t + * Was / were bentuk negatifnya adalah Wasn’t / Weren’t
* didn’t berlaku untuk semua subjek
V1
Example:
 I wasn’t late
 I didn’t open the door
 She didn’t open the door

Did + S + V1 ?
Was / were + S + Kata selain
verb
Example:

 Was she late? (late  sifat)  How did you open the door?
 Were marie and jodie here?  Why did you call me?
(here  keterangan)  Why were you late?
 Did you open the door?

Simple Future
 Akan dilakukan dimasa depan (seperti rencana)

S + Will + V1
S + is/am/are + going to+ V1

Example:

 I will visit you tomorrow

 I am going to study in the library
 So, When you are going to get a merried?
B. Present and Past Continuous
Present Continuous
 Sedang berlangsung sekarang
 Subjek sedang melakukannya sekarang
 Perubahan yang terjadi sekarang ini (seperti kenaikan harga saham, dsb.)

S + is / am / are + Ving

Example:
 I am taking a shower  She is sleeping
 You are writing a book this  It is printing something
year  The cat is eating biscuits
 We’re sitting on the chair

S + is / am / are + not + Ving

Example:  We’re not sitting on the

 I am not taking a shower chair
 You’re not writing a book  She isn’t sleeping
this year  It isn’t printing something
 The cat isn’t eating biscuits
Do + They/we/i/you + Ving?

Example:
 Am i cooking?
 Is he calling you?
 Are they standing over there?

Past continuous
 Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung dimasa lalu
 Menggabungkan 2 aktivitas berbarengan dimasa lalu menggunakan when dan
while

S + was / were + Ving

Example:  He was sleeping, when you

 I was sleeping when you called
called  They were playing, when you
(aktivitas kedua setelah slept
was/were menggunakan V2)  The dog was sleeping, when i
played
S + was / were + not + Ving

Example:
 I was not sleeping when you (aktivitas kedua setelah
called was/were menggunakan V2)
  He was not sleeping, when  The dog was not sleeping,
you called when i played
 They were not playing, when
you slept

Was/were + S + Ving?

Example:
 Was she cooking at 9 last night?
 Were they watching TV yesterday morning?
 What were you doing when i called?
 Who was sleeping in my room when i arrived at home?
C. Present and Past, and Future Perfect
Present Perfect
 Terjadi di masa lampau dengan fokus pada hasil (selesai/tidaknya aktivitas)
dengan waktu tidak spesifik
 Aktivitas yang menggunakan just (barusan), already (sudah), yet (sampai
sekarang). Yet untuk negatif
 Aktivitas berulang kali di masa lampau dengan waktu tidak spesifik

S + Have / Has + V3 * Has untuk she, he, it

Example:
 Dina has seen a monster  They have not called me
(bodo amat kapan, yang penting yet.
dina udah (selesai) liat monster) (aktivitas manggilnya ga selesai (ga
 I haven’t forgotten your dilakukan) sampai sekarang)
face  I have read Comic twice
(bodo amat kapan, yang penting (Sudah membaca komik 2x, bodo
dia ga lupa) amat kapannya)
 We have just swum  She has robbed a bank
(Baru aja berenang, kapannya (Sudah merampok bank)
bodo amat)  The cat has licked its body
 Tom has already visited me several times
(Udah dateng, kapannya bodo (Sudah menjilat badannya
amat) beberapakali)

S + Have / Has+ not + V3

Example:
 I have not eaten
 You haven’t talked to me
 She hasn’t robbed a bank
 John hasn’t just visited surabaya

Have / Has + S + V3

Example:
 Has Bambang Called you?
 What have you done to my cat?
 Where have you been?
 Have you opened the door?
 Past perfect
 Menjelaskan sebab-akibat (dimasa lalu)
 Aktivitas yang terjadi belakangan (akibat) menggunakan bentuk simple past
(S+V2)

S + had + V3 *Berlaku untuk semua subjek

Example:

 The swimming pool was (had yang digarisbawahi adalah

dirty. They hadn’t cleaned V3 dari have. Were in hospital
adalah akibat, sedangkan had an
it for months accident adalah penyebabnya)
(Kalimat 1 merupakan akibat,
 Tom and Katrina didn’t
karena kolamnya kotor.
Disebabkan ga dibersihin want to go to surabaya
sebulan (kalimat 2)) because they had been
 We were in the hospital, there before
because we had just had (been bentuk V3 dari be
an accident (was/were untuk V2))
 Yes i did. I had not had
good for a long time
 By the time, i got home,
the front door had broken

S + hadn’t + V3

Example:

 I had not eaten anything before i went to school

 I didn’t know that girl. I hadn’t seen her before

Had + S + V3?

Example:

 Had you eaten before you came to class?

 Had janice ever flown? She looked so pale when the plane took off
 Where had you placed the bowl? It wasn’t on the kitchen yesterday.
Future Perfect
 Akan dilakukan / terjadi sebelum aktivitas lainnya dimasa depan

S + will have / shall have + V3

Example:  The traffic was very heavy. By

 I will have eaten before i swim the time we will have got to
(mau berenang, tapi mau makan dulu) the airport, william’s plane has
 I will have finished by 7 p.m arrived already
(menyelesaikan sesuatu sebelum 7 (ada already, present perfect, bodo
pm, setelah itu mau melakukan amat datengnya kapan)
sesuatu yang lain)  She’s getting tired of sitting in
 The movie will have started by the car. By the time she will
the time we get to the cinema have arrived in Jakarta, she
(film nya bakalan mulai duluan pas
nyampe)
drive for twelve hours.
(ketika dia sudah sampai di jakarta, dia
menyetir selama 12 jam)

S + will + not + have + V3

Example:
 I will not have finished by 7 p.m
(Aku tidak menyelesaikannya pada jam 7 (tapi akan selesai setelah jam 7))
 They will not have passed the examination
(mereka belum lulus ujian (tapi nanti akan lulus))
 She will not have decorated her room
(dia belum mendekor kamarnya (tapi nanti akan di dekor))

Will / Won’t + S + Have + V3

Example:
 Won’t she have finished her tasks?
 Won’t you have arrived?
 What will you have done before you go to school?
 Where will they have hidden the present by the time their children return from
school?
D. Present and Past Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
 Aktivitas dari dulu dan masih berlanjut sekarang (ada kata since, for)
 Benar-benar baru selesai

S + Have / Has + Been + Ving

Example:
 Mother has been cooking since afternoon (sampai sekarang masih masak)
 They have been working for 3 days (sampai sekarang masih kerja)
 Your shirt is dirty. I know that you have been playing outside (barusan banget
main diluar)
 we have been feeling tired since 3 days ago (sampai sekarang masih kecapean)
 The dog has been swimming all night
 Lina has been running. She is tired now.

S + Have / Has + not + Been + Ving

Example:
 Mother hasn’t been cooking since afternoon
 They haven’t been working for 3 days
 The dog hasn’t been swimming all night.

Have / Has + Been + Ving?

Example:
 Have you been playing guitar? (kamu barusan main gitar?)
 Have you been watching TV all day? (kamu seharian nonton TV?)
 Has Bambang been running?
 What have you been doing? You look pale now
 Who has been sleeping on my bed? It smells like urine.
 Past perfrect Continuous
 Menggabungkan 2 aktivitas yang terjadi dimasa lalu, yang salah satunya
terjadi duluan. Fokus pada proses
 Aktivitas yang duluan terjadi menggunakan past perfect. Yang belakangan
menggunakan simple past
 Biasanya ada kata since dan for

S + had + been + Ving

Example:
 We had been cooking when mother arrived
(Masaknya udah selesai pas ibu datang. Kalimat kedua pakai Simple past)
 It had been raining, so the ground was wet.
(Telah terjadi hujan, jadi tanahnya basah)
 I had been working hard before annie came
 Mother had been felling unwell, so she went to a doctor

S + had + not + been + Ving

Example:
 We had not been cooking before mother arrived
 It had not been raining, so the ground wasn’t wet.
 I had not been working hard before annie came
 Mother had not been felling unwell, before she went to a doctor

Had + S + been + Ving?

Example:
 Last night you smelled really bad. Had you been drinking?
 What had you been doing in my room before i arrived?
Summary Tenses
Simple Present
 Kebiasaan / rutinitas
 Kebenaraan saat ini
 Fakta ilmiah dan hasil riset
Simple Past
 Membicarakan aktivitas dimasa lampau dengan waktu yang umum.
Simple Future
 Akan dilakukan dimasa depan (seperti rencana)
Present Continuous
 Sedang berlangsung sekarang
 Subjek sedang melakukannya sekarang
 Perubahan yang terjadi sekarang ini (seperti kenaikan harga saham, dsb.)
Past continuous
 Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung dimasa lalu
 Menggabungkan 2 aktivitas berbarengan dimasa lalu menggunakan when dan
while
Present Perfect
 Terjadi di masa lampau dengan fokus pada hasil (selesai/tidaknya aktivitas)
dengan waktu tidak spesifik
 Aktivitas yang menggunakan just (barusan), already (sudah), yet (sampai
sekarang). Yet untuk negatif
 Aktivitas berulang kali di masa lampau dengan waktu tidak spesifik
Future Perfect
 Akan dilakukan / terjadi sebelum aktivitas lainnya dimasa depan
Present Perfect Continuous
 Aktivitas dari dulu dan masih berlanjut sekarang (ada kata since, for)
 Benar-benar baru selesai
Past perfrect Continuous
 Menggabungkan 2 aktivitas yang terjadi dimasa lalu, yang salah satunya
terjadi duluan. Fokus pada proses
 Aktivitas yang duluan terjadi menggunakan past perfect. Yang belakangan
menggunakan simple past
 Biasanya ada kata since dan for