Proceedings of 4th RIT Post Graduates Conference (RIT PG Con-18)

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal (ISSN No:2581-4230)
April, 13th, 2018
GIS APPLICATION IN URBAN HYDROLOGY

Miss Mohite Priyanka Shrikant Prof. Patil Dhananjay S.

Civil- Construction Management HOP, Civil- Construction Management
Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajarambapu Institute of Technolgy,
Rajaramnagar, Islampur, India. Rajaramnagar, Islampur, India.
piyamohite1719@gmail.com dhananjay.patil@ritindia.edu

Abstract- Urban hydrology deals with total urbanization is an interaction between the land and
water available on earth, rainwater, water.
groundwater, and wastewater generated Rainwater conservation is a small part of
contribute all in urban hydrology. It is a special urban hydrology which is the collection and
case of hydrology which is applied for cities i.e. deposition of rainwater for reuse, rather than
the area with a very high level of human allowing it to run off. Rains are the main source of
interference with natural processes. As we know water and if rainwater is conserved, the scarcity of
the human population is increasing day by day water can be reduced. The use of this conservation
which creates a scope of hydrological studies. system will help to overcome local erosion and
Today, due to the increased population we are flooding caused by runoff from impervious area i.e.
facing problems in finding and utilizing new covered area (pavement, covered parking etc) same
water sources to satisfy the need. After problem rainwater is captured and stored. [1] Rainwater
identification, land use/ land mapping study was harvesting plays important role in conservation
carried out using GIS for Islampur city , we found method of water resources. Rainwater harvesting
that due to an urbanizing; water scarcity will be can be undertaken in two ways
faced and needs to utilize new water sources, 1. Surface rainwater collection.
hence it is required to provide the different 2. Rooftop rainwater collection.
method of conservation of water to reduce water
issues. GIS helps to know future development in Rooftop rainwater harvesting which is one of the
the city as compared to previous years. optimistic and economically visible method used for
conservation of water. Rooftop rainwater allowed to
Keywords- Urban hydrology, Land use, percolate water in the ground which increase the
urbanization level of groundwater aquifer. [6] This water from
rooftop or surface either it allowed to percolate or
I. INTRODUCTION store into the tank which helps to reduce water
issues in future. This project is related to study the
Urban hydrology deals with the surface as well urban hydrology of Islampur city and to study the
as groundwater. Urban hydrology is the covered and uncovered area; from this, we
interdisciplinary science of water and its understand future and current resources of
relationships with urban habitats. Human activities Islampur city, their system of conservation and also
produce waste that can find their way into and its impact on various areas. The rapid growth of
degrade the quality of natural water of the area; urbanization has led to increased water demand. As
hence hydrology of urbanized areas differs notably we know much urban area in India does not have
from that the same land in its preceding rural ample water resources to full fill the demand, so an
condition. [2] It deals with problems of ecology, attempt here has been made to study urban
environmental protection, conservation and the hydrology and provide the solution to overcome the
rational use of earth’s water resources. [9] issue.
Today rapid concentration of population in
certain areas is causing heavy demand of water for II. URBAN HYDROLOGY
domestic, industrial and recreational purposes with Urban hydrology is the science of water and its
the consequent increase in the construction of water relationships with urban habitats. It is part of land
supply and drainage facilities, with the increase in hydrology which investigates hydrological cycle,
population, demand for water is increasing. water regime, and quality of water in the urban area.
Sustainable water management in cities includes [9] With the increasing Urbanization and rapid
management of urban water cycle on a worldwide development of cities, the problem of urban
base, provide alternative technologies to meet the hydrology becomes more complex.
demand of urban hydrology and develop models to
optimize each level globally. [7] It deals with Components of urban hydrology are:
population shifting from rural to urban areas which  Increased water demand by people.
results in radical changes in land use, and this

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 Proceedings of 4th RIT Post Graduates Conference (RIT PG Con-18)
NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal (ISSN No:2581-4230)
April, 13th, 2018
 Pressure on the neighboring areas for water From the existing land analysis and other surveys, it is
and other natural resources. revealed that the Uran Islampur town is growing along
State Highways namely Peth-Sangli road and along
 The land use pattern in which covered, Takari road, Bahe road, Kapuskhed road, and Kameri
uncovered area. road. While formulating the zoning proposal it is
necessary to see how the town is existing and direction
 Reduction in groundwater recharge. in which it is developing, and how much land is available
for development etc. Land use mapping is used to study
Urun-Islampur is a Municipal Council city in the runoff characteristic. Runoff is the part of water cycle
Sangli district from Maharashtra state which is in which the water flows over the land as surface water
located on 17° 2' 42.46" N and 74° 15' 42.97" E. rather than be absorbed into groundwater. This runoff
Islampur is the Tehsil headquarter of Walwa Tehsil can be calculated from the area which was mapped
in Sagali District. The total area under the shown in fig no.1 that calculated runoff and its
jurisdiction of Municipal Council Uran- Islampur characteristics will help to determine conservation
comprises of whole revenue village of Uran methods for storage of water in future.
admeasuring 3343.0645 hectares and Islampur The mapping for Islampur city was done with the
admeasuring 696.9439 hectares, totaling about help of GIS shown in fig no.1, which helps to determine
4042.0084 hectares. developed and undeveloped area of the city

III. Land use and land cover analysis

The land is one of the most important natural
resources, which comprises of soil, water, and other
associated flora fauna, thus involving the total
ecosystem into it. As the result there is development
in terms of increase in the industrialization,
urbanization, and forest to agricultural land
conversion, the land resource has exploited to the
greater extent which loading to land degradation. [3]
Land use/land cover is one of a basic survey which is
important for analysis. Study of existing land use and
their distribution over the area included in the
Municipal limits helps the planner in understanding
the town and its activities. Land use/Land cover is
Fig No.1 Mapping of the developed area of
important for the development planning of the
Islampur(2017)
city.[5] Land use mapping and related information
are used to analyze the current pattern of
The geo-referencing for the collected map of Islampur
development and serve as a framework for
city was done in Quantum GIS and developed area was
formulating how land will be used in future. Total
covered area (Developed area, Paved surfaces, marked which was shown in above fig (Fig No.1). From
this mapping, we get the total area under residential,
covered parking) and the total uncovered area is
commercial, public, utility user. The total developed
required to study under the land use analysis.
area from the mapping is about 899.6194 Ha in the
Existing land analysis information from Municipal
year of 2017. From the analysis of land use mapping we
Corporation of Islampur surveyed in the year 2012
understand that developed area of Islampur in 1998 is
given in following Table no.1
about 697.52 ha and in 2017 it is about 899.6194 ha, so
Table No. 1. Existing Land use analysis of Islampur
Sr Land use Area(Ha) %develop % total there is 5% increase in the development area. With the
No. area municipal analysis of land use, Islampur city is increasing towards
area the East- South direction of Islampur city.
1 Residential 1040.51 78.89 25.74
2 Commercial 41.80 3.16 1.03
IV. Population analysis
3 Industrial 31.86 2.41 0.78 The information collected regarding the population of
Uran Islampur is given in Table No.2. The area of Uran
4 Public / Semi Public 138.09 10.48 3.42
Islampur is about 40.4 km2 and density of population in
5 Public utility and 13.92 1.05 0.34 that area is about 1667/km2 in the year 2011.
services Table No. 2 Population of Islampur Source: Census India
6 Garden, Parks, 52.10 4.011 1.30 Year 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991
Playground
Population 11613 20826 27116 33016 42459
7 Traffic and 253.43 - -
Year 2001 2010 2011
transport
Population 58330 65942 66787

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 Proceedings of 4th RIT Post Graduates Conference (RIT PG Con-18)
NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal (ISSN No:2581-4230)
April, 13th, 2018
supply is for the population of 72301 people. As we
As per 2011 India’s census, Islampur had a know due to increase in the population, the demand
population of 66787. Incremental Increase Method of water is also increasing day by day. From the past
is used for forecasting of the population which was records; the water demand in future (year 2050)
72301 for the year 2017, for 2021 it will be 86120 will be 21 MLD for population of 107226 peoples. In
and for year 2050 it will be 1, 07,226. For the area of some cities, the groundwater extraction has reached
40.4 km2, density will be about 2654/ km2 in 2050. up to a very high level which brought problems like
reducing water table day by day, failure of well/
Table No. 3 Population Prediction by Incremental tube well and the quality and quantity of water goes
increase method for year 2050. down. [8] In this condition, it rainwater harvesting
Year 2017 2021 2030 2050 could prove to be one of the best method for solving
Population 72301 86120 95780 107226 this issue. It is required to make conservation
system to reduce the problem of water scarcity in
Fig No 2 shows population graph of Uran future.
Islampur. From the year 1951 it is observed that
population growth is slightly increasing up to the IV. CONCLUSION
year 1991 to every decade. After that from 1991 the 1. Land use analysis shows that as compared to 1998,
population growth percent increases as compared to the covered area has been increased by 5 %
previous decade. It happens because of development 2. Run-off characteristic was analyzed to determine
of the city, industry area, infrastructure, facilities, conservation method.
improved lifestyle, so people are attracting towards 3. Future growth of Islampur city is increasing towards
city also the education facilities are increasing. the East –South direction, which was analyzed using
Population
population growth and spread trends.
120000 4. Rainwater harvesting and recharge can effective
100000 Conservation technique for Islampur city
80000
60000
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