Scribd
Upload
123 views5 pages

Hydrate Formation

Gas hydrates are crystalline compounds formed when gas molecules like methane are trapped within a cage of water molecules under low temperature and high pressure conditions. The formation of gas hydrates requires the right combination of temperature and pressure, the presence of a gas molecule that can form the hydrate, and sufficient water. Turbulence, nucleation sites, and the presence of free water can also enhance hydrate formation.

Uploaded by

Pandega Ikhramul Uzlah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
123 views5 pages

Hydrate Formation

Gas hydrates are crystalline compounds formed when gas molecules like methane are trapped within a cage of water molecules under low temperature and high pressure conditions. The formation of gas hydrates requires the right combination of temperature and pressure, the presence of a gas molecule that can form the hydrate, and sufficient water. Turbulence, nucleation sites, and the presence of free water can also enhance hydrate formation.

Uploaded by

Pandega Ikhramul Uzlah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Gas Hydrate

• Gas hydrates belong to a class of substances called clathrates.


• Clathrate is a compound in which molecules of one component
are physically within the crystal structure of another.
• When the host structure is water, the clathrate is called
hydrates.

Ice (water)

hydrate
HYDRATE FORMATION CONDITIONS

• The formation of hydrate requires the following three


conditions :
– The right combination of temperature and pressure
Hydrate formation is favored by low temperature and high pressure
– Hydrate former
Hydrate formers include methane, ethane, CO2, H2S, etc.
– Sufficient amount of water
Hydrate formation need not too much and not too little of water.
• Phenomena that enhance hydrate formation
– Turbulence area
Caused by high velocity or agitation
– Availability of nucleation sites
pipeline fitting, weld point, and presence of sand, silt, dirt and
scale make good nucleation sites as well.
– Free water
Free water is not necessary, but the presence of free water enhance
hydrate formation. The water gas interface is a good nucleation sites
for hydrate formation.
HYDRATE FORMATION CONDITIONS
HYDRATE FORMATION CONDITIONS

Hydrate Formation Curve, Initial Pressure 4220 psig


5000

4500 Hydrate Formation curve

from 4220/160
4000
from 4220/118
3500
from 4220/100

Pressure (psig)
3000 from 4220/85

2500 from 4220/150

from 4220/140
2000
from 4220/130
1500
from 4000/160

1000 from 3500/160

from 3000/160
500
from 2500/160
0
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 water dew point
Temperature (F)

You might also like